Essays on Landfill.

There are three types of wastewater storage and treatment plants. First there are tribal owned plants where tribal governments are the ones who are in charge of setting up these facilities as well as operating, financing and maintaining them. Some tribes choose to combine their efforts and in this case both tribes take responsibility for any operation and any storm water that may run off into rivers, lakes etc. The second type of treatment plant is one that is called a POTW or publicly owned treatment work. It is owned or operated by a city, state, or town a.k.a. municipal and ...

This paper is an outline for an environmental education program that would be taught to sixth grade students as their science course for the year. It would be designed as an inclusive, student-centered learning program and be mostly an in-classroom program, with eight-ten educational trips to an environmental learning center throughout the year to reinforce what is being taught in the program. The main goals of the program would be to educate the students about their local environment and also encourage students who do not already use environmentally friendly practices in their homes to help their families to make ...

Should Reducing Waste and Reusing Resources be considered a Priority when Designing a Product?

There was a misconception that one should not recycle and reuse refuse as it could cause health-related problems. They also felt that reusing refuse would only cause time and money constraints. Wastes such as plastic bottles and corrugated boxes used in packing, were used in landfill or burnt to remove them. Little importance was given to reuse these wastes, as they were felt to be useless. Similarly, no effort was made to study possible alternatives to disposing them. It all changed once the damage had been done, and its effects began to show on climate change. Toward the end ...

Landfill has for quite some time now been an economical and simple way for several countries to dispose of their waste materials. However, many things have changed over recent years and there is increased interest in landfill mining. Landfill sites are overstretched and exceeding their capacity at an alarming rate. Consequently, environmental awareness and safety concerns have taken center stage. Land mining refers to the excavation of old landfill sites and re-processing their contents. There are various explanations for this newly-profound interest that transcend the technological, economic and social dimensions of landfill mining. Landfill sites comprise of materials which ...

Landfill mining and excavation is a process involving processing and excavation of previously landfilled solid wastes. Processing involves a cycle of mechanical processing operations that are premeditated to recover recyclable materials, landfill space, soil and a combustible fraction. Equipment used in landfill mining and excavation are screens, excavators, and conveyors. Therefore, landfill mining uses conventional soil excavating and processing techniques. The process used by landfill has six phases; excavate and separate landfill material into the soil, combustible and residual materials, recyclables, remove and disposal of wastes, remediate soil, refill to bring the intended site to reline or grade, and monitor after completion ...

Community environmental issues have long been caused by larger organizations taking advantage of communities, often small and downtrodden communities; however, today, many of those communities are fighting back against the larger corporations that are causing environmental havoc within their borders. In the Koch Brothers EXPOSED documentary, the people of Crosset, Arkansas suggest that there is something causing cancer in their community. “It’s a crime,” the preacher of the community says, shaking his head; these people, he suggests, are ill and dying far before their time because the Koch brothers and their associated conglomerates are polluting the water in ...

In a report issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, authorities argue that in the fiscal year of 2011 federal greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) “accounting guidance allowed agencies to use green power and renewable energy certificate (REC) purchases to reduce reported Scope 2 GHG emissions,” implying an acceptance to implement initiative efforts to employ such activities to other countries. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) international activities to work with other countries, in terms of increasing landfill gas projects for GHG reduction and power generation, has launched efforts in a series of press releases in announcing various correlated projects and partnerships. Such countries ...

Recycling refers to a process of converting waste materials into new products to avert the waste of potentially useful materials. It is a practice of reusing items that would otherwise be discarded as waste. There are different variations of recycling including; upcycling, down cycling and precycling. Up cycling involves adding value to an item to make it more important for reuse. Down cycling refers to breaking down an item into its components and reusing anything that can be salvaged from the item. Precycling is an alternative approach to recycling and involves avoidance of acquisition or use of unnecessary items that would ...

Introduction

Packaging is one of the key components or elements of marketing, together with production services, price and distribution as well as it is very relevant in sales promotion. This is because marketing practices are always accessible to the masses, and they are mostly observed as very unethical (Bone & Corey, 2000). It is not only the public that scrutinize marketing practices but also third parties, agencies and competitors are constantly watching out for the marketing practices used by a business organization. Being an important marketing practice, the packaging practices and decisions carried out by a firm determines how the product will ...

Introduction

The shoe industry is known to be one of the non-environmental friendly industry segments. The use of hazardous raw materials and chemicals while manufacturing shoes, especially the use of highly toxic element chromium, adhesives, toxic solvents and non-renewable synthetic materials can do serious damage to the environment and human health. Apart from, a large amount of water is used to manufacture the materials like leather, fabrics and synthetic petrochemicals (Grahame 2014). Therefore, it is very important for the shoe companies to practice sustainability. In recent times, a trend of environmental consciousness has engulfed the shoe companies. Most of the big shoe ...

Introduction

One of the byproducts of urban growth and development is the waste production. As per the report of the World Bank (2013), OECD countries produce almost half of the world's waste, while South Asia and Africa are listed as the regions producing the least amount of waste. The Basel Convention defines 'wastes' as substances or objects that need to be disposed of in accordance with the provisions of national law. European Waste Catalogue shows 850 types of wastes out of which 420 types of wastes have been classified as hazardous waste. Hazardous wastes are those wastes considered to be ...

Question 1: Suncal's primary (market) stakeholders are their shareholders, their employees, vendors and potential home buyers and below market renters. The shareholders benefit from revenues which show up as dividends, The employees benefit from the company’s ability to generate income, and its vendors in turn benefit from a continued source of sales revenue, but also, potential Suncal home buyers, and below market renters. Secondary or non-market stakeholders include The Disney Resort Group. Although The Disney Resort Group “Disney” is not involved in direct monetary exchanges with Suncal, they, as well as residents in the city of Anaheim could ...

Introduction

As the industry is changing, many of the companies dealing with waste management are faced with the challenge of sustenance in the future. Cities and households are largely reducing the amount of waste they generate and thereby reducing the amount of waste for which they pay companies to dispose of effectively. It presents a direct threat to Waste Management’s landfill business and relates to what steps the company must take to grow its revenue. Another problem relates to the customers’ behavior as they not only are reducing wastes they send to the landfills, but it is also important to ...

The question of paper versus plastic bags has long weighed on the environmentally-conscious. Determining what type of bag to use-- which type causes the least damage to the environment-- is a question whose answer could potentially change the way the world works. However, until relatively recently, the question of paper versus plastic remained unresolved. Through an analysis of paper and plastic bags, however, it can be seen that there are indeed benefits to using one over the other. To consider which type of bag is better for the environment, careful consideration regarding the manufacture, transportation, longevity, reuse, and disposal of ...

Research Paper Chapter 1: Research Proposal and Introduction

This paper will conduct research with the authority of the CEO and the board of the company. The proposal will investigate some of the environmental strategies and schemes implemented by Procter and Gamble. The research is important because the formulation of environmental strategies by corporate will open new markets and have improved relations with the stakeholders that will translate to increased profits for the company. Most of the highly acclaimed strategies by multinationals raises concern such as the extent of integrating old and new activities, time of changing, and consistency of change in the territory. Some of the firms ...

Introduction

Waste management is an important part of managing an economy and this applies to every country, including Qatar. Trash or garbage can be collected from residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. Basically, every business and lifestyle operations that occur within a city or a state leads to the creation of garbage. Over time, the garbage that are produced as a result of basic residential, commercial, and industrial activities could lead to the accumulation of garbage on traditional garbage storage spaces (e.g. landfills), and garbage incinerators (which by the way could present as a potent environmental risk). If these garbage-containing strategies would be overwhelmed by ...

Omer Bese

Supervised Asst. Prof. Fusun Tut Haklidir

Energy Systems Enginering

Istanbul Bilgi University 2014

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF TABLES LIST OF SYMBOLS/ABBREVIATIONS 1. Introduction 3 1.1. Goal of the Study 3 1.2. Renewable Energy Sources 3 1.3. Geothermal Energy 3 1.3.1. What is Geothermal Energy? 3 1.3.2 Geothermal Reservoirs 4 1.3.3 Present Status of Geothermal Energy 7 1.4 Geothermal Applications around the World 7 1.4.1Geothermal Applications in Turkey 8

Flash steam power plants 10

Single Flash 10 Double Flash 11 Triple Flash 11 Binary Steam Power Plants 11 Binary Cycle Types and Differences 11 ...

Executive Summary

This process of making 17 reams release 100 pounds of Carbon dioxide in the environment. Forests and trees are mainly responsible for maintaining a stable environment of the world. Going paperless will help reduce the total waste that disturbs the natural environment. Trees are naturally responsible for absorbing carbon dioxide through the process of photosynthesis. The amount of paper recycled is proportional to the amount of tree saved. The increased usage of recycled paper will help decrease the demand for virgin paper. Decrease in the demand of virgin paper will automatically help reduce the air and water pollution. The paper ...

Summary

The town of Quillicom is indeed in need of a land fill. There are three sites that have been selected as potential land fill sites, but only two out of three sites are considered to be environmentally safe. Regarding the third site, there is limited data to indicate whether it is safe or not and whether it can cause environmental risk. The three sited selected are all financially viable but there is one which will be costly to operate because of its distance from the town.

Introduction

The town of Quillicom operates one exiting land fill site: Lot 22 and sub-division ...

1. Summary The engineers want to make a landfill analysis. The analysis was made in the Quillicom city, which was the beautiful town. it is the perfect location for the landfill analysis. It is located 3.7 Km south east. This place is for a mining community since 1974. The so called famous engineer Robert Delomc analysis the landfill zone and also he identified the landfill. This come on to operation on April 30th. There are two types of Lot’s; Lot 18 and Lot 47. The Lot 18 is located at the northeast of the town and where as ...

1. Summary The town called Quillicon is located at the northwest of Ontario, which currently operates the landfill. The landfill was constructed in 1958. In a report on Feb 27, 2010, Quillicom town engineer identified the existing landfill. We can divide our study into three components, include; examination of the area of geology, examination of physical properties, and evaluation of the financial and environment sustainability. The bedrock at quillicom and all the proposed landfill is about 15 to 30 meters. A layer is varying in thickness, approximately 10 to 20 meters. The whole area experienced repeated glaciations. The town ...

1. Summary The landfill sites were analyzed in the beautiful town called Quillicom. The town Quillicom is a beautiful place located at 3.7 Km south east. Since 1974, it is serving as the place for mining community of Melody Lake. Engiennr Robert Delomc identified the landfill sites and this site has come to operation at the month of April. Unfortunately, this town faces the serious replacement and landfills. The Lot 18 is the beautiful site located 3.4 km north east of Quillicom and Lot 47, is the subdivision 6E, 14.6 Km to the southeast. The cost and the operation ...

Abstract

- In the recent past the issues of industrial effluent have continued to be a great problem since it causes environmental pollution and destruction of the biodiversity. - A good example is coca-cola company, it has continuously increased the levels of carbon (IV) oxidized in the atmosphere and increased solid waste. - These wastes from these companies are of the concern to the community as it may result in climate change, and global warming. - The company can control its emission by use of appropriate technology such as recycling of solid waste to reduce pollution. - ...

4.0 Discussion

Comparison of the facilities

Miramar Greenery is a program basically established with the aim of recycling all excess plant substance or matter into mulch which is made available for the people to purchase. This means that Miramar Greenery deals in recycling all plant and tree trash materials such as logs and branches, leaves and flowers, Christmas trees, shrubbery and brush, tree and trimmings and pruning, unpainted lumber and pallets and the dimensional lumber (San Diego, 2007). On the other hand Miramar recycling center is a center that was introduced to provide drop off points for most recyclable materials which cannot fit in either ...

Comparison of the Landfill Facilities

This paper will compare two landfills; the Landfill Gas Capture and Flaring Facility in Alexandria and the Bantar Gebang dumpsite in Bekasi. The Landfill Gas Capture and Flaring Facility in Alexandria is used to contain the solid waste from four districts within the Greater Cairo in Egypt. However, the dumping site could not meet the minimum measures for pollution management prompting the Alexandria Governorate to hire a corporate that could ensure effective solid waste control in the area. The solid waste on the landfills at El Hammam and Borg El Arab give out methane which when emitted to the ...

The environmental justice movement in the United States was led by the civil rights churches which poured much of its resources and efforts into the environmental movement. This was as a result of the realization by the Church that environmental protection and justice were just but expressions of some of their social engagement. This movement was known as the religious environmental movement since the church was a central figure in the whole movement. Indeed, in recent times, theologians have developed the term” eco-justice” to mean or reflect a universal aspiration for the right relationship between man and earth. This has been so ...

Abstract

Water is the most important source of life. Survival of any living organism without water is impossible. Though a large part of the earth is constituted of water, the supply of fresh water is limited to only 3% of the total amount of water found on the earth's surface. With the demand for fresh and clean water rising across the world, it is time for us to think seriously about the importance of water conservation. There are several engineering and behavioral practices which, if adopted by us at home, industries and other spheres of work and life, can reduce the ...

Introduction.

This paper seeks to evaluate the corporate social responsibility of the Diageo plc. It aims at identifying the specific areas of corporate social responsibility in which the company invests and give a comprehensive evaluation of the same. Diageo is a company in the Fast Moving Consumer goods (FCMG) industry and is known to be the world’s leading business in premium drinks. The company is famous for its distinctive and outstanding beverage brands both alcoholic and non alcoholic. Such brands include Johnnie Walker, Tanqueray, Guinness, Windsor and Bushmills. It is worth noting that the products of Diageo are sold in ...

Movie Review:

This short documentary film (duration about 13 minutes) has a Portuguese narrative commentary with subtitles in English, was produced in 1990 and was directed by Jorge Furtado. Although on the surface it is the story of a tomato, documenting what happens to it from the moment it is picked from a plant in the fields to being eventually thrown as garbage into a landfill (and beyond), it is in reality a story about humanity and morality. The movie tells how this tomato, on the face of it a useful and purchasable food item, is bought by a supermarket customer along with more tomatoes and ...

Introduction

Waste management refers to the process of collecting, transporting and disposing trash, sewage and other waste materials. There are different sources of waste including residential, industrial, commercial, institutional, construction and demolition, municipal, agriculture and manufacturing and all these waste products whether solid, gaseous, liquid or radioactive come under the realm of waste management. Due to the rapid growth and fast development in Australia, the country has produced waste on humongous amount. As per the data provided by Australian Bureau of Statistics, the growth of average annual rate of waste production in Australia is about 5.4% between 1996-97 and 2006-07. ...

Open dumping refers to the disposal technique of solid waste at a specific place. The place should be in any locality other than a particular facility that the Department of Environmental Quality has permitted. The process comes with the positive and negative impacts to the human sustainability. The entire process contributes the pollution of the environment in a distinct way. This implies that the disposal of the solid waste contaminates the composition of the soil and water. It therefore interferes with the smooth life cycle of the aquatic life and the plants and animal growing on land (Gioannis, 2009). The open dumping ...

Waste Management

Introduction Dealing with waste has become an increasing concern nowadays, since it affects people’s life quality by impacting the health, it affects the aesthetics, it jeopardizes the ecosystems and in general, it negatively impacts the environmental sustainability. Domestic waste (generated by individuals) and commercial and industrial waste represent a quotidian aspect that authorities are aiming to handle, either through applying laws and guidelines for maintaining healthy and clean cities and villages, either by applying various technologies for actually managing the waste disposals. And the processes and technologies used to manage the various types of waste differ depending on ...

Introduction

Waste management refers to the process of collecting, transporting and disposing trash, sewage and other waste materials. There are different sources of waste including residential, industrial, commercial, institutional, construction and demolition, municipal, agriculture and manufacturing and all these waste products whether solid, gaseous, liquid or radioactive come under the realm of waste management. The EU Waste Framework Directive lays down a legislative framework for the waste management and also provides a definition for waste. Article 1 of the EU Directive provides the definition of waste as "any substance or object which the holder discards, or intends to or is required to ...

In the 2010 documentary Waste Land, directors Lucy Walker, Joao Jardim and Karen Harley focuses on the modern artist Vik Muniz, whose works are created with the garbage and recyclables found in one of the biggest landfills in the world – Jardim Gramacho in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Muniz employed people to pick out material from the landfill that was recyclable for Muniz to make mosaics from. The film is an uplifting piece that focuses on the importance of art and conservation at the same time, while also demonstrating the strength of the human spirit in the lives and thoughts ...

This paper discusses the sustainability issues of using paper and board as packaging material. The succeeding sections first begin with a definition of packaging followed by a description of the selected packaging material which is paper and board. After which, the specific sustainability issues in the use of paper and board are discussed. The paper concludes by providing a summary of the points discussed and presenting the authors’ insight about the use of this particular packaging material.

Definition of packaging

Packaging refers to “all products made of any materials of any nature to be used for the containment, protection, handling, delivery, and preservation of goods ...

Abstract

The amount of trash on Oahu’s beaches has been increasing over the past decade. This paper will examine the different causes and potential detrimental outcomes of the increased amount of pollution on the beaches in Oahu. Utilizing a combination of quantitative and qualitative observational techniques as well as scholarly research, the conclusion has been drawn that the problems on Oahu are a combination of a variety of factors. Research suggests that the pollution is the result of poor waste management, human carelessness, and contamination from the portion of the ocean known as the “Great Pacific Garbage Patch.” When people imagine ...

Introduction

This research paper examines the waste of natural resources in the USA. The research first looks at just what we mean by natural resources, then discusses the scale of the problem of the waste of those resources in America today, and finally and importantly, how the amount of that waste can be reduced, in order to protect the biodiversity of our planet and preserve those precious resources for future generations.

The Research

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a Factsheet entitled “Natural Resources” (2012). It explained that natural resources can be defined as “useful materials from the Earth, such as coal, oil, ...

The reusing of materials in their original or changed forms, commonly known as recycling, has been promoted by environmentalists as the solution to our environmental problems for several years now. Yet, the process has not been adopted on a large enough scale so as to have a sizeable impact. Recycling has been known to reduce energy consumption, save on investments and space utilized in the creation of landfills, reduces air, water and land pollution, generates jobs, and helps to conserve natural wildlife habitats. In order to be able to save the environment and prevent it from degrading further, recycling should be ...

If one rents, trash removal is calculated into one’s monthly charge. If one own, in one way or another, one pays for trash to be removed from one’s dwelling. Waste Management, the largest trash business in the United States, is a member of the Fortune 500. Trash is big business. In many areas, having a municipal job in sanitation is a stable job with good pay and benefits. It may not be glamorous, but it is an honest living for most. Since, in general, the more people that live in a domicile, the more trash is produced, many locals are ...

Abstract

This paper is aimed at analyzing the need for well planned construction waste management in developed as well as developing countries. For this purpose, four journal articles were reviewed and their findings analyzed. Of these, two articles discussed waste management from the perspective of developed countries while the other two were written in the context of developing countries. The analysis revealed that the immediate needs and goals of developing and developed countries to manage their construction waste greatly differed. As such, the approach towards waste management also varied. However, the need for waste disposal to be well planned and ...

Literature Review: Construction Waste Management

The two articles being reviewed in this paper are: a) Multi-Attribute Decision Making in Choosing Suitable Construction Waste Management Methods , and b) A Framework for Managing Construction Demolition Waste: Economic determinants of recycling , both addressing the decision making process in construction waste material management.

Zhang and Li primarily address the topic of scientific methods that can be used to measure variables that affect effective decision making in the efficient disposal of construction waste. The authors highlight that as populations and economies grow, a city’s real estate needs expand too. In such cases, construction of buildings and infrastructural facilities also rise in ...

Business Plan

San Francisco, California

1. Introduction ABC Recycling is a new company to be set up in San Francisco, California. It shall be located in the outskirts of the city. The ownership shall be completely private. Although the company is a ‘for-profit’ organization, the nature of the industry and the aspects of the service to community cannot be undermined. The company seeks the support of municipal authorities in the city to help build an affordable, efficient and sustainable model for garbage collection and recycling.

1.1 The Definition: Recycling can be defined as the processing of waste materials into new products so ...

Waste generation is a major problem global problem, as the world’s population rises, the quantity of domestic and industrial waste increases. The main strategy employed in waste management is the 3R approach of reduction, reuse and recycling. Environmental experts have suggested the inclusion of recovery to create a 4R strategic approach to waste management (Yearley, 2005a, p 7). The recovery of energy from wastes is a new approach to waste management that maximizes the energy derived from waste and minimizes the final quantity of waste disposed. More needs to be done to find safer approaches to strategic waste management and the improvement ...

Literature Review: Construction Material Waste in Landfills

The two articles being reviewed in this paper are: a) Rehabilitation of a large coastal landfill , and b) Use of reliability methods as project management tools: The Cherry Island landfill Expansion project . The papers explore two different real life situations from a project management perspective.

El-Fadel and Sadek have illustrated the case of a large municipal landfill in Normandy Bay, Beirut, Lebanon. The authors highlight that most waste dumping the region has not been controlled resulting in waste piles as high as 40 feet all along the coast on the Mediterranean sea. At Normandy Bay, between the years 1975 and 1994, approximately 1200 tons ...

London’s Green Bin Program

Problem Statement Dumping the millions of tonnes of garbage produced annually in Ontario into landfills produces greenhouse gases and other toxins as it slowly decomposes. That slow decomposition rate creates another problem – finding the space to create more landfill sites to serve a growing population, which means trucking waste to distant sites. Recycling programs were initiated to divert waste from landfill, setting what seems to be an ambitious target for this city of 60 percent to be diverted within a decade. This case study looked specifically at recycling organic waste for composting, assessing the feasibility of a so-called “green bin” program ...

he research was able to come up with conclusions and recommendations. It recommended that the council should consider excavating the landfall in one site that was considered to be the best of all. This is because it would be cheaper and more pollution free.

Introduction

As an assistant manager for the Town Council of Quillicom, Michigan, I was instructed by my boss, Robert D. Delorme to help this council in addressing the emerging problem of landfill that was already wrecking havoc to its administration. Hence, from my analysis, I found out that the council was planning to deal with this ...

Environmental Science Unit 4

Environmental Hazards and Human Health

Municipal Solid Waste

Municipal solid waste (MSW) includes all the kinds of garbage that city dwellers make. The World Bank explains that each city has different types of waste because conditions are different in each city. In general it is composed of non-combustibles such as “coal ash, glass, and metals” and combustibles such as “paper, rubber, plastic, fabric, leather, vegetable/decaying material, and wood” (Wilson, et al., 2001, World Bank)

History

Throughout history waste has either been saved if it can be reused, dumped into a pile, burned, or somehow minimized. The Connecticut Resources Recovery Authority (2009) ...

Rice hybrid is one possible method, which was invented by a Chinese man called Yuan Long Ping. Rice hybrid is the method of using two genetically dissimilar crops in a field. Also, male sterility of the seed is necessary in growing the rice (Hybrid Rice India). This invention shows a major breakthrough in growing rice to harvest. According the Hybrid Rice Indian, the harvest has increased by 15-20%. However, some people argued about the result of the food (Hybrid Rice India). They did not believe there was enough nutrition in the rice that was grown in this way. Therefore, Yuan decided to ...

The movement from sites of waste-disposal of contaminated groundwater is a problem faced by many cities in world. Solid and liquid waste dumped in landfills generates an atmosphere where inorganic and organic compounds present in the water or which are produced in the landfill become prone of entering the hydrological regime through movement. The movement of contaminants in water bodies through landfills is more distinct in temperate and humid climates as penetration of rainfall is moderate to high, and separation of leachate from the aquifers which are underlying for extended time periods becomes a complex process. In such areas, landfills gets ...

Background of the Event

Pollution in College Point, New York happened as a result of landfills. Residential buildings in College Point in Queens, New York have been built on contaminated landfills. This was confirmed by New York State Department of Environmental Conservation and concerned experts want the area tested and cleaned up as reported by The Queen’s Courier in (Mimoni, 2010. All the dumping happened before the Clean Air Act was passed. The clean air act is a federal law that protects people from air pollution by regulating emissions. This law gave the EPA the power to set air quality standards and to ...

1) Example (Every day business) Saving for the Future

You will graduate from high school in four years and go on to college. To help you pay for college books your grandparents put $1500 in a bank account paying 4.5% simple interest. When you go to college the money will have been in the account for 12 years. How much money will you have?

Step 1. PVrt = INT where INT = Interest and PV = Present Value Step 2. FV = PV + INT = PV(1 + rt) where FV = Future value, r = annual interest rate, and t = years Step 1. (1500)(.045)(12) = $810 in interest Step 2. $1500 + $ ...