Essays on Digestive System

1. Introduction: The current environment especially in Western societies promotes increasing consumption of calories along with a relatively sedentary lifestyle thus fueling the global obesity epidemic. Body weight is regulated by complex interaction of genes that promote energy storage along with environmental factors that promote enhanced energy intake and reduced energy expenditure. This obesity promoting environment makes it difficult for many people to sustain weight loss for long periods of time and adequately maintain healthy lifestyle habits. Obesity can overall have many devastating effects on human health such as increased tendency to develop high blood pressure, cardiovascular problems and

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(Candidate’s Full Name)

The Importance of Losing Weight and Staying Physically Fit
“You’re fat/chubby/overweight!” Nobody wants to hear such statements. In one of the several online blogs the topic of being fat, the unanimous writer narrates his personal life story on how being called fat or overweight hurts and leaves an emotional scar on the victim. It is something one never forgets. Being labeled fat is considered as offensive and an attack on one’s self esteem. While some embrace their overweight appearances and argue that true beauty comes from within, most of us feel humiliated on

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Introduction

Although drinking tea has been said to have health benefits for many centuries, only recently have its medicinal value been investigated empirically. There are four general categories of tea. These are green, black, white, and oolong tea. Black tea and green tea are the most common types. Black tea, which is obtained after fermentation and oxidation through fermentation, is the most commonly consumed kind. However, recent research indicates that some nutrients and elements are lost through oxidation. Green tea, which is the least unprocessed kind of tea, contains antioxidant polyphenols, especially the catechins believed to contribute to health benefits.

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Report Critique Discussion

The group presentation on the topic of anaerobic digestion specifically provides a good source of information especially for those who might have no knowledge at all of the issue being presented in the discussion. The diagrams they used were really helpful in making a visual distinction on the more technical aspects of the report. These diagrams and tables provide good data that helps out the audience to know more about the matter being discussed and become more involved in understanding it thoroughly. The chronological arrangement of the different parts of the discussion helps a lot in organizing the process

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Crohn's Disease (CD): A Historical Background

Crohn’s disease is a persistent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that may impact any part of the gastrointestinal path, however, normally impacts the ileum (Yamada, 2009). It usually occurs to individuals of age 21 or under (Wilson et al., 2010). The CD may affect the quality of life (Baumgart & Sandborn, 2007; Morrison et al., 2009). It may need surgery (Pihl-Lesnovska et al., 2010).
There is a steady global rise in the occurrence of Crohn’s Disease and it represents an increased hospitalization (Gibson, 2009; Morrison et al., 2009; Wilson et al., 2010). In 2009, the CD cases in Australia

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Introduction

Dietary fiber is a combined term for a diversity of plant matters that are resistant to digestion by human gastrointestinal enzymes. Dietary fibers can be categorized into two major groups according to their solubility in water. In humans, natural gel-forming fibers (gums, pectins, mucilage, and the remains of the hemicelluloses) are soluble. Whereas the matrix fibers or the structural (lignins, some hemicelluloses, and cellulose,) are insoluble, Dietary fiber and whole grains are among the best sources of nutrients including minerals, a slowly digestive energy and vitamins. (Byrne, 2011). They also contain phytochemicals such as carotenoids, lignans, inulin, beta-glucan and

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Introduction:

Clean non-polluted water is a major basic requirement for all the living things. Nowadays, its availability becomes a major problem in the ecosystem. This problem is expected to increase in the future due to population growth and industrialization processes. The processes discharge of domestic, industrial and agricultural wastes contribute largely to the contamination of existing natural waters in the environment. Therefore, at the present moment, it is important that the pathogens and pollutants are completely removed from the waste water to cater for the needs of domestic use, industrial use, and irrigation purposes. This paper discusses two processes of

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A patient Mr. Johan is admitted in a hospital. His major problem is pancreatitis. He is in severe form of pancreatitis. We have to manage his electrolyte imbalance, and there is a need to look after the food and electrolyte effect of the patient.

Introduction:

In Pancreatitis, there is a disturbance in enzymatic secretion of pancreas. Usually trypsin that is used in digestion of food these are actuated in the pancreas. In normal condition, trypsin is activated in the small intestine; it acts as a central role in digestion of nutrient. When it is triggered in the pancreas, it causes

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The Panama Canal is a 77.1 kilometer international waterway constructed by United States of America which was one of the largest public investments of its time. France started the project of the canal in 1881, but had stopped due to engineering issues and high mortality due to diseases like malaria. Later on the US took over the project and started construction in 1904 and was completed in 1914. This waterway links the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. The objective behind this project was to reduce shipping distance. The average time taken to traverse the canal is between 20

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Introduction

Scleroderma is also called systematic sclerosis. A chronic illness comes under the category of autoimmune rheumatic illness. Scleroderma is the combination of two Greek words that mean “hard skin.” Even though the symptoms of Scleroderma are very vast, hardening of the skin is the most visible symptom of this disease.
Scleroderma is a combination of rare diseases affects the skin and its connective tissue. In extreme cases, it affects the body’s framework way beyond the skin. The blood vessels, organs, and digestive system are affected.

Etiology/Onset

According to research, Scleroderma is caused by the production of collagen in the

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China joins Babylon, India and Egypt as the four ancient civilizations. The nation has a vast geographical space and has a rich history with elaborate and magnificent culture that has been written for over 3,600 years. The diverse and unique Chinese culture can therefore be traced hundreds of years back. For the Chinese, their culture presents itself as an asset that defines their position as a landmark in the world. China’s cultural heritage can be examined by analyzing the different aspects of culture that include Chinese food, festivals, kung Fu, language, medicine and the China World Heritage

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The gastrointestinal tract, which spans from the mouth to the anus, is a durable yet sensitive system that is susceptible to a variety of disorders that can bring an individual great pain and distress. There are a myriad of gastrointestinal disorders that fall under the category of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), including Ulcerative Colitis, Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD), and Crohn’s disease. Many of these gastrointestinal disorders have similar characteristics, but they are each distinct disorder and should be treated as such.

Etiology of Crohn’s Disease

According to a breadth of research into gastrointestinal disease, Crohn’s disease appears to be one of

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Introduction

Over the years, research has been uncovering more and more rare diseases, especially genetic disorders. Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) is one of such rare disorders of the blood that causes a disfiguring swelling of a part of the body, particularly the face, larynx, extremities, abdomen, and genitalia. It may range from a simple painful swelling of an extremity to asphyxiation from laryngeal involvement. Diagnosis and prognosis of this condition depends on a heightened sense of awareness of the symptoms of the disease by the managing clinician and the availability of effective interventions.
HAE is known to occur in people with

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Mary Roach’s book Gulp (Adventures on the alimentary canal) presents a series of adventures in gastroenterological studies. It is an investigation of our digestive system right from the mouth to the anus. It is simply an exploration to the human digestive system. The book gives an in depth analysis from the time we smell food, taste food, swallow, digest and finally excrete the undigested food material. Roach writes about the alimentary canal, which is a long tube from the mouth to the rear, in a way that makes science such an interesting topic. Where many people have seen

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Abstract

Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive genetic problem with major infections to lungs, pancres, intestine and liver. The main characteristic of the disease is abnormal transport of chloride, and sodium in the epithelium leading to thick secretions.
It usually results from mutation in the gene for a protein known as cystic fibrosis trans-membrane conductance regulator (CFTR). This is a hormone which is usually involved in various body excretion processes. The main method of transmission of the disease is through genes. However, research has proved that it can be still transferred among people with no DNA connection
The disease is

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Colorectal cancer, which is also commonly known as colon cancer is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in the US. According to statistics retrieved from the centers for disease control, approximately 100,000 new cases of colon cancer are detected every year. The incidence of colon cancer is observed more commonly in patients that belong to higher socioeconomic background. Furthermore, colon cancer is most commonly detected in patients who are 50 years or older (CDC.gov). It was observed that approximately 49000 deaths occur annually on account of colon cancer. The death rate for colon cancer has been

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Digestion occurs in the gastrointestinal system, which is composed of the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and the associated accessory organs.The process of digestion occurs through six steps, namely ingestion, secretion, mixing,digestion, absorption and defecation. (Tortora&Derrickson, 2008).

Anatomy of the digestive system

The GI tract or the alimentary canal is a long winding tube that measures approximately 30 feet (9 meters) in length. The mouth, esophagus, pharynx, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and the anus make up the GI tract.The salivary glands, tongue, teeth, gallbladder, pancreas and the liver make up the associated accessory organs (Tortora&Derrickson, 2008).
The mouth. The mouth starts with the

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Solid dispersion can be defined as a cluster of solid creations made up of at least two distinguished components one being a hydrophobic drug and the other a hydrophilic matrix which can take any form depending on the crystalline or amorphous nature of the solids used (see figure 1). In the context of pharmaceuticals, this technology was developed to help improve the solubility and bioavailability of oral drugs. Studies have indicated that a score of patients prefers oral drugs for their simplicity in administration hence they show more compliance in comparison to other types of drugs administered in different

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Alcoholism is a very tentative social indulgent, activity, hobby or maybe a form of social medicinal assistance to people based on basic perceptions of the various factors that affect people. Alcoholism may be more specifically referred to as the consumption of alcohol persistently or mental illness associated with alcohol dependency.The rationale or motive behind this topic is to offer an insight to the effects and impacts of alcoholism on people, how we can filter the bad and impart the good or positive benefits of alcoholism on society in order to build a more positive social set up. The market

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Research Paper

UNDERAGE DRINKING
Under –age drinking is a major stigma in any colleges today mostly due to the social tenets that accompany college life and the facilitators around. This is a pertinent issue and this research paper focusses on evaluating the development of underage drinking, its causes, effects how people view it in the outside world and how it can be treated or controlled.
According to an American health education journal by Dodd, Virginia (201), ‘why underage College students drink in excess: qualitative research findings ‘, participants attach positive expectations to alcohol abuse and the negative consequence as disincentives. This has

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ALCOHOLISM

Alcoholism is defined as the consistent uptake of alcohol and alcohol related liquor that stems from an unending desire to consume more alcohol in trying to reach a certain climax or ‘heaven’ of some sort as perceived by the partakers of this activity. Alcoholism is a social problem and is triggered by various reasons known to man. Numerous research has been made on the causes of such behavior and the causes are infinite based on different levels of perceptions by individuals in the world.

CAUSES

Many people drink alcohol to try and avoid stress or severe mental pressure that they

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Is there a relation between BMI and hours playing sport?

Introduction
Many physical characteristics and sporting activities are attributed to the length of the body. There are great argument about the relationship of the body length and the sporting ability. However, it cannot be denied that the length of the body have a relationship with the physical performance of the in the sporting activities. According to Norton, Olds, Olive and Craig (1996), there are many sports where height is a key determinant of success. On the other hand, shortness in stature is particularly advantageous in acceleration and changing direction (ATP Tour, 1995).
Anthropometric data showed that the shortest athletes

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MEM 695

Abstract
The purpose of this research paper is to introduce the different types of energy resources utilized worldwide. This paper discusses the history of the different resources used, starting with the utilization of conventional fossil fuel based technologies, the emergence of nuclear power and finally, the commercialization of renewable energy resources. The main objective of this research paper is to provide an insight on how these energy sources are accessed, utilized, distributed and developed. The paper also seeks to impact of the utilization of these various energy resources on the environment, especially the effect of continued utilization of conventional

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The world is constantly developing and growing. Similarly, the population of the world is increasing day by day. The elevation in population correspondingly increases the demand of resources and requirements needed by the people. Consequently, a scarcity in resources is observed due to this increase in population. The people eventually are left undernourished and suffer from malnutrition as the particular deficiency among the resources is found in the provision of adequate food to the people. Evidently, FAO 2014 has reported the number of people which is approximately 805 million who have been facing the insufficient food supply. Subsequently, the

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PROFESSORINSTITUTION

Operant Conditioning 2
Introduction
Operant conditioning is a type of learning where a subject’s behavior is modified through antecedents and consequences. The concept was first discovered by Ivan Pavlov who was studying the digestive system of dogs. The theory of behaviorism was introduced by John B. Watson. Later, B.F. Skinner helped define the mechanics of behaviorism through his work. Over the years behaviorism has grown in popularity and scope. Research has shaped the practice of behaviorism as it has been adapted by many disciplines (education, psychology). The most popular use of Behavioral Therapy today is found in treating

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Psoriasis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease are two of the most prevalent types of immune disorders. Being diseases of the immune system, both diseases have similarities and, of course, striking differences. Reviewing both of their pathophysiology, incidences of occurrence and maladaptive responses may help us understand how these two immune disorders manifest their symptoms and affect the human body.
Psoriasis is considered as the most prevalent autoimmune disorder, particularly the psoriasis vulgaris type (Krueger and Bowcock, 2005). Additionally, the prevalence of psoriasis considerably varies worldwide (Langley, Krueger, and Griffiths, 2005). In USA, an estimated 2% of the population is said

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Canine Micro Biomes Affected by their Diet

Canines Micro Biomes Affected by their Diet
Abstract
Dogs and other cats alike suffer from similar maladies faced by humans. The similarity in the maladies between the two groups of organisms stems from the ability to suffer infections from microbiomes of the gut. However, most of the research and knowledge on canine microbiome is not comprehensive to enable the deduction of accurate and precise conclusions. Recently, the molecular studies conducted on the cat family indicated that there are complex microbiomes in the gastrointestinal tract of then organism. The family of microbiomes includes archaeal, fungal, bacterial, and viral groups that

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Somali Community

Nutritional habits among members of the Somali communities are normally influenced with the religious values, traditions and family habits, education, and ensuing healthcare counsels from the area. However a small section of the community also involves in drug abuse which can at some extent influence their nutritional habits. Under the religion of Islam, certain foods are prohibited while others are allowed. In this regard, the Somali people may avoid foods such as baby formulas, cheese and yoghurt due to the concern that they may contain pork. During fasting, people normally eat foods such as samosas, manadazis, homemade cakes among

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Prior to the discovery of insulin, diabetes was dreaded as a disease leading to death.  It was known that a rise in the sugar level in the body worsened the condition of diabetic individuals and that the sole treatment of diabetes known to people was to restrict the dietary intake of sugars (‘’The discovery of insulin”, n.d., para. 1).
During the nineteenth century, examination of patients who succumbed to diabetes revealed that the pancreas was damaged. In 1869, Paul Langerhans discovered that a group of cells called beta cells, whose function was unidentified, existed within the pancreatic tissue and

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2. How does exercise affect diabetes mellitus?
During exercise, the whole-body oxygen consumption usually increases 20-fold. However, greater increases have been reported in the working muscles (American Diabetes Association). Under such circumstances, the skeletal muscles increase the utilization of stored triglycerides and glycogen, as well as the free fatty acids. Consequently, exercise maintains appropriate glucose levels in order to preserve the function of the central nervous system. In patients with diabetes mellitus, therefore, exercise ameliorates insulin sensitivity and helps to lower the elevated levels of blood glucose to the normal range (American Diabetes Association).
3. How does the structure

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The morning cup of coffee and all its varieties, is under a constant scrutiny for its impacts on health and cognition of consumers. Various studies have tried to showcase the effects of caffeine on the functioning of human body; in the present essay we will discuss some of the health benefits of coffee based on existing scientific research. Coffee is derived from the dried, roasted, and crushed seeds of the coffee plant. Coffee beans are rich in caffeine, antioxidants and various other phytochemicals. Studies show that the phytochemicals derived from coffee play a significant role in lowering neurodegenerative disease

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Alcohol is the world’s oldest known drug that is abused by people. Alcohol has been used by many people for several years and its abuse has become a major societal health problem. The consequences of excessive alcohol intake vary from a mild hang-over to mass destruction, diseases, and death at its worst. When consumed in moderation, it has no or little effects for the drinkers and the people around them. Nonetheless, its misuse has become very dangerous to the drinker and the society. We all agree that, occasional taking of alcohol does not hurt, nonetheless it can lead

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- History of tobacco smoking in America
- The presence of tobacco in America dates back to the seventeenth century. Initially, tobacco was grown by poor farmers as a foundation crop. The demand was low and it was cheaper to acquire. However, subsequent wars increased the consumption of chewing tobacco, smoking pipes and cigars. Eventually, the market grew with the availability of slaves. Although slavery had existed long before tobacco was planted, the sudden increase in demand created an unexpected opportunity. The slave labor was incorporated into the tobacco labor force. Moreover, machine produced cigarettes reared its ugly head in

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Millions of animals undergo distressing scientific procedures, and some of these can be very painful. Does the Legislation of animal experimentation under modern societies make the issue ethically acceptable? The “3Rs” concept focuses on the efforts to replace, reduce and refine the animal testing and experiments. There is a continuing debate going on ethical issues of the use of animal in scientific experiments (Kolar111-22). Animal testing is nothing new in the society, and it has been done since centuries. The animals have been used in different researchers working in the areas of health and food. Earlier, the animals have

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Microbiology is the study of microorganisms. Microorganisms are those organisms that are less than a millimeter in size and require the help of a microscope to view them. Microorganisms can be unicellular or multicellular but have very simple cell structure, unlike the highly developed, complex organisms such as larger animals and humans. Microorganisms are classified based on criteria such as their cell structure, pattern of growth, nutrition, reproduction method, etc. However, microbial classification is a challenging task due to the dual nature of some microorganisms that exhibit both animal and plant like characteristics. Some microorganisms are photosynthetic like plants

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease that refers to both the Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. These two conditions are variants of IBD that often share some pathophysiological similarities and differences. The incidence of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis may be influenced by familial or hereditary predisposition (Brant, 2007) that may be relevant in the case of the 38-year old male patient suffering from ulcerative colitis and whose aunt was previously diagnosed with a Crohn’s disease. According to Baumgart (2012), a heritability studies of IBD revealed a prominent genetic component. This hereditary disposition is

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Carbohydrates play a major role in maintaining and promoting human health: from the provision of energy to maintenance of the microbial composition of the gastrointestinal tract. Some of the functions of carbohydrates in the diet include the following: provision of energy, formation of various body structures, and sparing of other structural proteins from being used to obtain energy.
However, sometimes there is a need to reduce consumption of carbohydrates. For instance, whenever there is a need to reduce weight or to control blood sugar level, people often resort to the use of non-caloric artificial sweeteners. The sweeteners replace glucose

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Introduction

Composition of Dietary Fiber
Dietary fiber is an essential component in nutrition and health (Mora et al., 2013; Klosterbuer, Roughead, & Slavin, 2011). Thus, the present study will explore the effect of particle size and source of fiber on the level of cholesterol in the human digestion system. Primarily, dietary fiber is a constituent of plant foods and includes materials that have diverse morphological and chemical structure. Such materials resist enzymatic action in the human digestion system (Dhingra et al. 2012). In the gastrointestinal tracts, the dietary fiber forms a matrix that has both amorphous and fibrous characteristics. The matrix’

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Introduction

This analysis will focus on the excess intake of saturated fats and cardiovascular disease. The analysis is based on the report detailing my nutrient intake recorded for two days starting from September 4, 2014 to September 6, 2014. According to the analysis, my diet during the two-day period predisposes me to cardiovascular disease since it is high in saturated fats. According to the food guidelines given by USDA, saturated fats should contribute less than 10 percent of the total daily calories. However, my nutrient report indicates that saturated fats contribute 12 percent of my total daily calorie intake. Consequently,

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Key concepts of a Gluten-free diet 

The word gluten refers to the general term that describes the storage of proteins, or prolamins, that is found in wheat or “gliadin”, rye, barley and other derivatives that comes from these types of grains. The “gliadin” is that kind of protein that is involved in the pathophysiology of celiac disease (Guandalini 3).
The people who are suffering from celiac diseases are prohibited to eat foods that contain gluten. The effect of gluten when eaten by people with celiac diseases is that their immune system of responds by damaging the small intestine. The lining in the small intestines called

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