Essays on Digestive System

The contemporary world has seen the exponential rise of cancer prevalence in the aging population to somewhat alarming levels. This segment consists of individuals aged 65 years and above and is the fastest growing age group in the United States. Recent statistics indicate that one in every eight people in America aged 65 years, and above develops cancer, with women accounting for 58% of all cancer cases (Browner, n.d.). Since cancer risk increases with advancing age, the elderly account for 56% and 70% of all new cancer diagnoses and mortalities in the country (Browner, n.d.). The cancer burden in ...

Mesalazine and Cyclosporine

Mesalazine Mesalazine is also called as Mesalamine or 5-aminosalicylic acid, and its systematic name is 5-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid. Formulation. Usually, mesalazine is administered in the form of modified release (MR) tablet. Different formulations of mesalazine in UK are Asacol, Ipocol, Mezavant, Octasa, Pentasa, and Salofalk. The above mentioned formulations may vary from each other in their indications, dose frequency, tablet strengths, interactions, pharmaceutical, and pharmacological properties. Most of these formations are available as MR preparations. Commonly used mechanism for modified release tablets is their enteric coating. In order to prepare different formulations, Eudragit L and S polymers are commonly used ...

Introduction

The objective of this report is to summarize the key methods, procedures, goals and objectives, and takeaways from a series of individual laboratory experiments conducted throughout the course. Specifically, it is a summary of Exercises 1 on Phylum Porifera (Sponges), 2 on Phylum Cnidaria (Hydras), 3 on Phylum Platyhelminthes (Planarians), 4 on Phylum Annelida (Clamworms and Earthworms), 5 on Phylum Mollusca (Clams), and other exercises on Phylum Arthropoda (Crayfish), Deuterostome (Phylum Echinodermata, Sea Star), among others. Despite their number, the individual laboratory experiments, in fact, have one thing in common. That is their key objective is to be able ...

Write a description of the health history you would need to collect from the patient in the case study to which you were assigned. In the assessment of rectal bleeding the physicians will have to assess the duration of bleeding, the nature of the bleeding as to whether it is fresh blood-streaked or mixed-blood with stool. Similarly, the physician will assess the patient in regard to anal pain or discomfort, itchiness or lumps (Treas & Wilkinson, 2014). On the other hand, a personal history of relate illnesses such as colorectal cancer, colorectal polyp, inflammatory bowel disease will be determined to ...

Benefits of probiotics to the health of the aquatic species; the probiotics a modifies the host associated or the ambient microbial species by enhancing an improved nutritional value, use of the feed or also by increasing the response of the host towards the threat of a disease and also by ensuring an improved quality ambient environment of the aquatic species. The probiotics have been associated to treating many health problems and this can only be related to their influence on aquatic species. Probiotics are important for growth/survival of aquatic species. They can regulate growth because of their function in ...

Introduction

Millions of cells are always being removed in the human body in order to regulate biological pathways and keep cells healthy through a particular mechanism called cell death or apoptosis. Through apoptosis, such homeostatic death of cells has been defined as a tolerogenic or a non-immunogenic event for many years [1]. However, during the past few years, scientists have discovered the occurrence of a different concept of cell death – immunogenic cell death (ICD), where the death of a cell stimulates a response from the immune system against antigens of a dead cell, and this mechanism of cell death may ...

{Author Name [first-name middle-name-initials last-name]} {Institution Affiliation [name of Author’s institute]} Acute pain represents a sudden occurrence of pain that does not last for a long period while chronic pain indicates an underlying problem that may become take the form of a disease. Two approaches describe the assessment of Acute Abdominal Pain (AAP), the first one is based on a classification of the abdomen into systems and second is abdominal topography divided into four quadrants. Three types of abdominal pains according to systems are Visceral, parietal and referred. Visceral includes poorly localized pain in hollow or solid organs ...

What is the Pathophysiological Effect of Stress on the Immune System?

Stress is a feeling of anxiety and pressure, which the body feels in response to any external demand that cannot be easily coped with. It can develop out of both positive as well as negative experiences. Stress can be emotional or psychological, such as the loss of a dear one or after losing one’s job or anything that affects a person sentimentally. Fatigue and getting overworked are also stressful situations that cause worry, and a person feels ‘stressed.’ Stress can affect the body in many ways, and it can lead to sickness, tired, distract a person and inhibit ...

BODY SYSTEMS AND DISEASES GRID

INSTITUTUIONAL AFFILIATION The purpose of this paper is to identify the major systems of the human body which, include the Nervous System, the Cardiovascular System, the Endocrine System, the Respiratory System, the Musculoskeletal System, and the Lymphatic System. The organs for each specific system will be identified, a brief explanation of each bodily function will be provided, and major diseases afflicting the system will be discussed.

Taylor (n.d.) clarifies that the sensory system comprises of the cerebrum, spinal line, tangible organs, and the majority of the nerves that associate these organs with whatever remains of the body. Together, these ...

HUMAN SYSTEMS

Musculoskeletal System As the name suggests, the “Musculoskeletal system” of the human body comprises of the bones and muscles mainly. Tendons and ligaments are also important parts of the system. The major function s of this particular system is to help in locomotion and to protect the delicate visceral organs.Some of the commonest diseases that we encounter as medical professionals, belonging to this particular system are Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoarthritis, fractures of various bones of the body, tumors of the bones. Even diseases like TB may also develop in the bones but its development is always secondary to that of ...

The importance of Gut Microbiome to the gastrointestinal tract is well demonstrated in their populate ambiance in the allium and colon. The microbiome exists in the body at nearly 10 times the overall cells volume in the body. It is thus imperative for the overall human health. It is paramount to understand that the body has its bacteria that provide and aid human health. Almost 80% of the body’s processes depend on the microbiome. The microbes aid body system processes such as food digestion, maintenance of healthy weight, and clarity in thinking, etc. (Wong, 2012). Infants exhibit intestinal ...

I. UNDERSTANDING THE DISEASE AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1. How is acid produced and controlled within the gastrointestinal tract? The production of acid occurs in the stomach by cells that are therein. The cells found in the stomach produce intrinsic factors and hydrochloric acid. There are chemical messengers that help during the activity. They are histamine, gastrin and acetylcholine. Gastrin helps in stimulating the cells to produce secretions when food enters the stomach. An enzyme somatostatin inhibits the secretions when needed. The digestion takes place in three phases; the cephalic phase, gastric phase and the intestinal phase. It is in the ...

The Importance of Microbes to Animals from Eating to Evolution

Microbes are any living organism that throughout its lifespan is too small to be seen with our naked eye. Most microbes are single-cell organisms. Microbes are the oldest form of life on earth – dating back over 3.5 million years ago when the Earth was still covered with boiling oceans. While microbes are typically thought of as bacteria, microbes can include protists, fungi and microscopic animals. Without microbes, animals could not eat, breathe, or possibly even have evolved at all. Without animals, well, they would probably be just fine. Microbes are important to animals in numerous ways, from eating to ...

If you have lived in China or interacted with the Chinese people, it is easy to note their habit of drinking hot water or tea with meals. Drinking of tea has been in the Chinese culture for so long as history suggests. However, questions have been raised about the hot water drinking habit during meals. This is yet to be answered, but a number of suggestions have been raised to answer the question about the Chinese culture of drinking hot water. Some argue that it is a practice that their parents taught them, that cold drinks and hot are ...

Food is a necessity of a man. Currently exists the understanding that the food provides a considerable influence on a person. It gives energy, strengths development, and health. You can be sure that human health is 70% dependent on the food. Food is the main source of most diseases, however, with its help it is possible to get rid of long-term illnesses. Elevated levels of blood cholesterol, obesity, tooth decay, diabetes, impaired fat metabolism, hypertension, constipation, increased uric acid in the blood or gout - this is an incomplete list of so-called "diseases of civilization" that were caused by ...

Directions:

- Save your report often as you fill it out, so as not to lose information. - Use the report form as a single document, do not turn in separate reports for each lab - Use the ‘Save As’ option to save your file as a Word 97 .doc file - Save your lab report with this name: Last name, First initial, underscore V1. Thus Charles Darwin would save his Unit 1 Virtual Lab Report as DarwinC_V1. - Submit this report as a single ...

Abstract

Blood sugar medical conditions have plagued the world over centuries and mankind has developed several measures to the cope with this metabolic dysfunction occurring in their bodies. Even when medical science had no answers reports were that people used various herbs to cure the disease which doctors have subsequently determined is incurable. In the following pages of this presentation an account of one such blood sugar disorder would be presented I terms of assessing ...

Introduction

Cancer affects the body’s most basic unit, the cell. Normally, cells grow and divide to form new cells. When cells grow old, they die to make room for new ones and new cells grow only when the body needs them. However sometimes the old cells do not die or new cells are produced when not needed by the body they form tumors. Tumors can be either benign or malignant (National Cancer Institute, 2011). and organs.

Slide 2

Benign tumors are non-cancerous and when removed they do not grow back. Malignant tumors are cancerous and most instances life threatening. When malignant ...

I liked one topic sentence towards the end of the essay, where you aptly set the focus of the paragraph. Consider this: “Another health risk of eating pork meat is due to its association with many epidemic diseases.” Here, you clearly tell the readers what you would discuss in the paragraph, that is, diseases caused due to eating pork. This supports your view/position against eating pork.

Now, let us consider the last sentence of the introduction as the thesis: “To determine that pork is healthy to eat one must examine the different between pork meat and other ...

DHEA:

Dehydroepiandrosterone, or DHEA, is a hormone the human body produces via the adrenal glands, which are above the kidneys. The exact effect of DHEA is not yet fully identified; however, it is believed to be a precursor of the female and male sex hormones, namely estrogen and testosterone, among others. Precursors are substances that the body converts into hormones.

The production of DHEA usually reaches its peak around the mid-20s and declines ever after. The same applies to estrogen and testosterone, whose production also declines with age. For that reason, if an individual wants to increase their hormone levels, it ...

Abstract

This study analyzes the benefits and challenges of implementing an electronic medical system in both hospital and clinic environments. The overall research problem addressed in this study is determining how to effectively manage and communicate expectations associated with perceived benefits and challenges derived from a new install of an electronic medical record. The purpose of this study is to analyze perceptions associated with both the benefits and challenges derived from installing an electronic medical record system. This problem is relevant to many such as those who ...

In response to this situation, a person eats healthfully even if the budget is limited to $40 a week. An average person may eat healthy, hence nutritious foods that cannot be too costly. One good example of budget-wise food is vegetable. People must learn to how to eat based on the physical body needs, not based on what the psychological appetite wants.

Fish is a good example of a healthy food that will fit the budget. It is will supply enough nutrition that are good for glucose transportation and for RNA and DNA metabolism. This will avoid damage to the brain and ...

Question No. 1: In what specific ways was John Snow’s approach to accounting the disease a departure from accepted explanation to the outbreak of cholera?

Prior to John Snow’s approach to accounting for the outbreak of cholera, it was believed by many, including physicians, that the disease was a blood disorder. This was because some of the symptoms of the disease include the bursting of small vessels that make the skin turn blue as the blood become thicker and tar-like because of dehydration. It was also generally believed that the disease was air-borne (Ball 3). The failure then ...

My patient is a seventy five year old African American man with Geriatric condition. Geriatric is a condition that affects elderly people. The medication administered to such individuals is called Geriatric medicine. It is also called family medicine or internal medicine. This medicine helps to promote the prevention of disabilities and diseases in older adults (Kagan, 2010). The physician who administers geriatric medicine to the patient is called a geriatric physician or a geriatrician. In other words, Geriatrics is the ‘care of elderly or aged individuals’.

As said above, my patient is a seventy-five old African American male. His name is Caleb Rama. ...

Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

Chronic alcoholism may be linked to certain types of cancers

Simply drink with moderation and care.

Alcoholism is very common for adults who consumer more than the intended amount of alcohol. Alcoholism may be acute or chronic. Acute alcoholism occurs when there is a sudden consumption of bolus amounts of alcohol in the system. In contrast, chronic alcoholism occurs when repeated abuse of alcohol is introduced in the body. Alcoholism is not limited to adults. Teenagers (mostly high school students) consume alcohol at about the same amount as with the adults. Most Americans and other Caucasians believe that ...

The Major Anatomical regions, landmarks, directions and cavities of the liver

The liver is considered as the heart of the digestive system. In humans, the liver is present in the upper right quadrant pf the abdominal cavity. The liver lies below the diaphragm. The gallbladder is covered by the liver to some extent. It is a vital organ that plays an important role in the production of chemicals for digestion in humans. The liver is divided in to two lobes, the left and the right lobe respectively. The two lobes are separated by the imaginary plan called the Cantlie's line. The liver is connected by two large blood vessels, the portal ...

Human digestive system is distinctively different from herbivores and carnivores. Herbivores normally have longer digestive system compared to human and herbivores have digestive anatomy and bacteria symbiosis that allow them to digest cellulose from plant materials. Cellulose digestion in herbivores is assisted by bacteria in the rumen (partitioned stomach) or in the cecum (hindgut fermentation) in the case of cows and horses respectively. Carnivores have shorter digestive system compared to human, as carnivore’s nutrition comes from meat that can readily be broken down by enzymes into protein and amino acids.

Human is categorized as omnivore, and human ...

I began my journey as a writer when I wrote my first draft ‘Nightfall’ three months back. While writing that short story, I didn’t understand how a story had to be written and there were plenty of grammatical and structural mistakes. As I spent time in class, I began to understand how a story had to be developed and despite making slow progress, I still continued to have the problem of developing sentences without grammatical errors. I made a conscious effort to understand where I was making the grammatical mistakes and started to ...

The American Gastroenterological Association in 2007 defined the terms that we use to describe chronic blood loss. Occult bleeding is defined as a positive fecal occult blood sample on initial evaluation; or it is defined as iron deficiency anemia, without any signs of physical bleeding. The term obscure bleeding is defined as; bleeding that persists even after evaluation following an endoscopy, colonoscopy, and radiograph imaging. Obscure bleeding accounts for approximately 5% of all GI bleeds; 75% occur in the small intestines while the rest are associated with lesions of the upper or lower gastrointestinal tract.,, Depending on the location ...

Lipids insolubility in water is general. Lipids structure has great number of variety. There are two types of fatty acids naturally, may be saturated or unsaturated. Unsaturated acids have lesser melting point than saturated ones. There are two polyunsaturated fatty acids, linolenic and linoleic, their absence in the human diet has been associated with health problems so they designated essential. Their absence can cause scaly skin, increased dehydration and stunted growth.

Lipids and oxidation of carbohydrates provide all needed energy to the human body. Lipids are primarily energy reserves and carbohydrates are readily available source of energy. Lipids have ...

Discussion 1 Pavlov and Classical Conditioning

Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist born in the mid 1800s, had started the early part of his career focusing on digestion (Chance 2014, Chapter 3). While he earned a Nobel Prize for this work, he soon decided to move over to psychology in order to make a bigger impact on the world and get on the ground floor of exciting new research. He worked primarily on the subject of temperament and reflex, showing how people reacted to pain and stress. Throughout his career in the medical profession, he was a passionate and dogged investigator, and was instrumental in contributing to the concept of ...

1. What is Normal hematocrit ranges?

The normal hematocrit ranges are dependent on two things which are the age and sex of the individual. However, it is only dependent on sex after adolescence. The normal hematocrit ranges are: 55%- 68% for Newborn babies, 47% - 65% for one week old babies, 37% - 49% for one month old babies, 30% - 36% for three month olds, 29% -41% for one year olds, 36% - 40% for 10 year olds, 42% - 54% for adult males, and 38% - 40% for adult women.

2. What is Occult blood?

An occult blood is defined as a negligible amount of blood present ...

- The role of the stomach is to act as the storage for food and allow its slow release into the small intestine at intervals. Also, it allows food churning which helps break the food into smaller particles for easier for digestion. It is also a site of absorption of some foods. The liver serves to regulate the amount of blood components that circulate in peripheral blood. This includes the regulation of blood concentration of glucose and lipids after digestion. It also secretes bile which is important in the digestion of fats in diet. Salivary glands produce saliva which helps ...

Answers

- The differences between the cardiovascular diseases and the coronary heart diseases

The major differences between these two types of diseases relates to the vascular components of the cardiovascular system. This simply means that the cardiovascular diseases do not only involve the heart alone but also involves all the heart linked vessels. i.e all arteries, veins and lymphatics found to be associated with the heart and blood passes to and from the heart. However, the coronary heart diseases only relate to the vessels that are within the heart itself and supply the heart itself and also the muscles of ...

Fiber intake is often mistaken for carbohydrate or caloric intake. However, it has to be noted that the two are totally different. Fiber is the fibrous material that is found in food. It is commonly found in fruits and vegetables. However, it can also be found in legumes as well as whole grains. Fiber can be grouped into two; there is the soluble fiber and insoluble fiber.

The soluble fiber is associated with lowering of the Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL). It, therefore, acts in prevention of cardiovascular diseases and hypertension related illnesses. There is also insoluble fiber, which is ...

The main component of a healthy and balanced diet is in the parity of consumed nutrients and subsequent use of energy with the background of individual specifics and genetically predispositions (Grosvenor and Smolin, 2012, p.35).

Although the general guide is that a healthy diet is on balance of all food types, placing the main emphasis on vegetables, fruits, and only then on grains and proteins; but this also means that it is not enough simply to have a balance of fruits, grains, vegetables and proteins in equal measures, the assessment of individual necessity of particular nutrients is crucial for a healthy diet (Grosvenor ...

Introduction

Hospitals are homes to different patients who require different attention. This means that there must be people who are qualified for different roles in the medical field. In this connection, hospitals are not required as a block where all patients are handled in the same room. Instead, departments should be formed where each of them operates in support of the other to ensure patients are handled and treated accordingly. This has resulted to existence of various experts for specific duties in the hospital. Among the most common departments in hospitals are Dermatology, Oncology, Gastroenterology, Pulmonary, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, ...

Keeping a food intake journal can be a hard task thing to do especially when someone has a lot of things to do and have to eat in despite the tricky issue of observing a routine of what we consume, it is however recommendable that a person watch out for the nutritional value of all the food they consume so as to avoid the health risks caused by nutritional imbalances. The process of keeping a diary of the daily consumption also is helpful in assisting a person to avoid any instances of overconsumption of food in the future through reviewing how their past days food consumption ...

Glycosylated Hemoglobin: HgA1c

Glycosylated hemoglobin is formed by the irreversible, non-enzymatic binding of circulating glucose to the amino groups of lysine and valine residues in hemoglobin. It is measured as a ratio of glycosylated hemoglobin to non-glycosylated hemoglobin. The level of HgA1c in erythrocytes depends on the concentration of glucose in blood. When level of blood glucose is high, the rate of glycation is increased, hence more glycosylated hemoglobin. Glycation occurs slowly and over the entire lifespan of the red blood cell, i.e. 90-120 days. Therefore, HbA1c reflects the average level of blood glucose exposed to the red blood cell over the past ...

1. Introduction

Pharmaceutical products alleviate suffering in patients by presenting therapeutic benefits to them. There is risk in the use of these products, but by consenting to use the drug, the patient has deemed it fit that the benefits of the drug far outweigh the potential danger they may pose. There are two types of reactions that may be exhibited by the patient; adverse drug reaction and adverse drug event . Adverse drug reaction is the typical way in which the body responds to a drug that is toxic, and whose use was unintended. This usually occurs at normal doses for disease treatment. ...

It was advised that i stat home and whenever it is important to eat out, the 'Eating Smart Restaurant Guide' should be my companion.

1 .Reduction in quantity of processed sugar, saturated fat and trans- fat consumed. 2 Increased consumption of vegetables. 3 I will have to increase the number of times I eat at home and reduce my visits to the restaurants. The acceptable macronutrient distribution range for carbohydrates in adults is 45-65%, while for proteins it is 10-35% of the calories taken daily by the person. The acceptable macronutrient distribution range for fats is ...

Diarrhea and Constipation

There are a lot of pathologies and pathogens that could affect the normal flow of food and absorption in the digestive tract. Two common digestive problems, very common that it could be acquired by almost anyone, are diarrhea and constipation. These two digestive disorders are less severe compared to several cancers that could exist in the digestive system like colon cancer and liver cancer. Thus, diarrhea and constipation are easier to treat—these two are also very much easy to acquire.

As a brief background, Diarrhea is a bowel disorder wherein the classic symptom is an increase in the frequency of bowel ...

Cover Letter

We appreciate your request to our consulting team for developing the marketing plan of one of your popular products. We respect Bodybuilding.com activity and its operation. It was very interesting and fruitful cooperation. Please, be kindly informed that upon your request on creating the marketing plan for one of your popular products, you are provided with the comprehensive plan below. The marketing plan consists of the description of current situation on the fitness market, competition level, formation of SWOT-analysis, recommended strategy for Bodybuilding.com, map of competitors and marketing mix details.

Thank you very much for your support.

In case any questions arise, please, contact us ...

Diverticulitis refers to the rupturing of the diverticuli resulting to infection in the tissues that surround the colon. Diverticuli refers to small bulging sacs in the inner wall of the intestine which are as a result of pressure within the colon as a person ages. The sacs are known as diverticulum in singular and diverticuli in plural. Scholars have argued that a lower fiber diet may contribute to the development of diverticuli owing to the fact that the colon has to use more pressure to push the stool forward. Diverticulitis then occurs as a result of faces being trapped on the diverticuli resulting ...

Introduction

Liver is an important organ in the digestive system. The selected infection is hepatitis C. This viral infection affects the liver and then results in the liver enlargement. This form of hepatitis is one of the major challenges worldwide since its discovery and this could be attributed to the absence of a vaccine against the viral infection. Another important contributory factor is that of the prolong period of inactivity of the virus within the host before clinical manifestation. These all contribute to the level of destruction of the liver caused by the virus.

Etiology

The main aetiology is by the hepatitis ...

It is very important for you to know that aging is the single most important risk factor that has been found to be associated with cancer. Colon cancer is one of the most common of all those cancer found to be associated with old age. The issue with the old age is that majority of the affected individual tend to develop chronic illness.

Causes and risk factors

Aging: is the most important cause Alcohol: this has been found to increase the risk Diabetes: Insulin dependent types have been considered to be an important risk factor. Research shows that up to 40 ...

Cover Letter

We appreciate your request to our consulting team for developing the marketing plan of one of your popular products. We respect Bodybuilding.com activity and its operation. It was very interesting and fruitful cooperation. Please, be kindly informed that upon your request on creating the marketing plan for one of your popular products, you are provided with the comprehensive plan below. The marketing plan consists of the description of current situation on the fitness market, competition level, formation of SWOT-analysis, recommended strategy for Bodybuilding.com, map of competitors and marketing mix details.

Thank you very much for your support.

In case any questions arise, please, contact us ...

It is better to prevent colon cancer rather than treating the disease after its occurrence. The implementation of various healthy lifestyle choices effectively prevents the occurrence of colon cancer. Modifying dietary habits plays a major role in the prevention of colon cancer as dietary supplementation is one of the most significant preventive factors . Consuming a balanced diet rich in healthy fruits and vegetables is a healthy behavioral choice. Vitamin D and antioxidants act as a protective layer on the mucosal cells and prevents colon cancer. Vitamin C and E also play an equally important role in the prevention of colon cancer . It is ...

The classroom is a seventh grade Life Sciences class. The school is located in an urban area and is considered a Title I school due the high percentage of students on free and reduced lunch. There are 22 students in the class, of which 2 are special education inclusion students and 3 English Language Learners at different levels of English proficiency. The subtopic for the Life Science class is the function of organ systems in the human body specifically the digestive system. Objective 1: In a teacher guided dialog on with a visual of the digestive system, students will discuss what they ...

Introduction

Do you need to get fitter quickly for your vacation? Do you need help to move two or three unshakable pounds? Do you always think that it is hard to begin on an eating regimen? If these relate to you then you would probably go to your neighborhood health store or surf the web where you'll find an endless number of thinning pills that guarantee a definitive quick fix. From fat-blockers and digestion system promoters to pills that prevent appetite and beat food cravings, there's something for everybody. As a general rule, the guarantee is that you can get the greatest ...

In archeology, DNA analysis has been used as an investigatory tool since it became available to scientists. DNA analysis, which is a constantly developing and expanding field, has allowed archaeologists to precisely and decisively obtain results that solve archaeological, historical, and evolutionary questions. Unfortunately, the methods for using ancient DNA analysis tend to destroy the samples from which the DNA is extracted. The results can easily be affected by external contamination as well, which requires the research to be conducted within specialized laboratories by trained laboratory personnel (Arandjelovic, Guschanski, Schubert, Harris, Thalmann, Siedel, & Vigilant, 2009). DNA analysis has been ...

BIOL 398J

[University’s name]

QUESTION 1:

Michael is a hypertensive adult with obesity as an additional risk factor that could contribute to the occurrence of a cardiovascular event. While his choice of personal diet may not be limited, it may be more constrained when eating out with others, since their tastes and preferences will indeed vary. The ideal diet for an individual in Michael’s position would be high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, high-fiber foods and low-fat dairy products. It should also contain low levels of sodium, saturated fats and trans fats. Fortunately, the American National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute recommends ...

Prognostic Cancer Biomarkers

The genetic diversity associated with cancer cells are shocking huge; and identifying a suitable prognostic marker is a real challenge. Prognostic cancer markers aims to evaluate objectively a patient’s overall outcome, response to treatment and chances of cancer recurrence. Prognostic markers can also help to select patients for a particular treatments and help predict the beneficial effect of the therapy. DNA, RNA, epigenetic patterns, signaling pathways, proteins, and metabolic biomolecules have been used as prognostic cancer markers. (Mehta et al., 2010)

Given below are few prognostic biomarkers commonly used in cancer medicine:

1. Beta tubulin: Beta tubulin regulates microtubule assembly in the cell. Class III tubulin are expressed by tumor of both neuronal ...

Background

Early scientists and nutritionists believed that the most vital nutrient in living organisms, for building and maintaining the body was the protein. The role of proteins as enzymes came into existence several years later. This was around 1926 when experiments showed that enzymes were proteins. Insulin was the first protein to be sequenced. Hemoglobin was the first structure of proteins to be resolved. Myoglobin was then resolved later.

X-ray diffraction analysis (X-ray crystallography) led to the determination of the structure of the proteins (three-dimensional structure). The purification of proteins can be made possible from cellular compounds. Several methods have ...

ABSTRACT

Human beings deal with the reality of a world with a plethora of conditions, illnesses and diseases that threaten the health and livelihood of the population on a day-to-say basis. One such persistent disease that many Americans, both young and old, are suffering from is Crohn’s Disease. Crohn’s disease is commonly diagnosed on a regular basis all across the United States, however the reality is that medical realm does not specifically known what causes Crohn’s disease or why it has become so prevalent; some believe it is a combination of immune system deficiencies, genetic predisposition and environmental factors. The condition effects ...

1. Introduction: The current environment especially in Western societies promotes increasing consumption of calories along with a relatively sedentary lifestyle thus fueling the global obesity epidemic. Body weight is regulated by complex interaction of genes that promote energy storage along with environmental factors that promote enhanced energy intake and reduced energy expenditure. This obesity promoting environment makes it difficult for many people to sustain weight loss for long periods of time and adequately maintain healthy lifestyle habits. Obesity can overall have many devastating effects on human health such as increased tendency to develop high blood pressure, cardiovascular problems and strokes. ...

(Candidate’s Full Name)

The Importance of Losing Weight and Staying Physically Fit “You’re fat/chubby/overweight!” Nobody wants to hear such statements. In one of the several online blogs the topic of being fat, the unanimous writer narrates his personal life story on how being called fat or overweight hurts and leaves an emotional scar on the victim. It is something one never forgets. Being labeled fat is considered as offensive and an attack on one’s self esteem. While some embrace their overweight appearances and argue that true beauty comes from within, most of us feel humiliated ...

Introduction

Although drinking tea has been said to have health benefits for many centuries, only recently have its medicinal value been investigated empirically. There are four general categories of tea. These are green, black, white, and oolong tea. Black tea and green tea are the most common types. Black tea, which is obtained after fermentation and oxidation through fermentation, is the most commonly consumed kind. However, recent research indicates that some nutrients and elements are lost through oxidation. Green tea, which is the least unprocessed kind of tea, contains antioxidant polyphenols, especially the catechins believed to contribute to health benefits. ...

Report Critique Discussion

The group presentation on the topic of anaerobic digestion specifically provides a good source of information especially for those who might have no knowledge at all of the issue being presented in the discussion. The diagrams they used were really helpful in making a visual distinction on the more technical aspects of the report. These diagrams and tables provide good data that helps out the audience to know more about the matter being discussed and become more involved in understanding it thoroughly. The chronological arrangement of the different parts of the discussion helps a lot in organizing the process of discussing the ...

Crohn's Disease (CD): A Historical Background

Crohn’s disease is a persistent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that may impact any part of the gastrointestinal path, however, normally impacts the ileum (Yamada, 2009). It usually occurs to individuals of age 21 or under (Wilson et al., 2010). The CD may affect the quality of life (Baumgart & Sandborn, 2007; Morrison et al., 2009). It may need surgery (Pihl-Lesnovska et al., 2010). There is a steady global rise in the occurrence of Crohn’s Disease and it represents an increased hospitalization (Gibson, 2009; Morrison et al., 2009; Wilson et al., 2010). In 2009, the CD cases in Australia were ...