Essays on Protein

Since the 1970’s, concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) have existed as a more efficient means to grow livestock. These operations have the ability to raise livestock faster than other farming methods. Farms that operate using conventional methods use antibiotics and other methods to increase the number of animals that can fit on a lot. Proponents of this style of farming are saying that increasing the efficacy of their business that will eventually lower the price of animal protein. Conventional farmers also claim that they help in the feeding of underserved populations. However, parties that are against conventional farming ...

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has an important role in regulating cellular energy equilibrium. It acts as a cellular energy sensor and can respond to low levels of ATP in the body (Jornayvaz & Shulman, 2010). AMPK activation can positively regulates signaling pathways that are involved in replenishing cellular ATP supplies, fatty acid oxidation, lipogenesis, and triglyceride synthesis. AMPK is not only involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, but it is also involved in biogenesis of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4) (Dominy & Puigserver, 2013). Research shows that AMPK increases mitochondrial biogenesis by inducing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) transcription (Fernandez-Marcos & Auwerx, 2011). ...

As military veterans return back to the United States from the wars in Iraq and Afganistan, the public has become for aware of the medical condition of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). As many as 13 percent of the men and women who are inflicted with combat positions demonstrate the symptoms of the mental disability, but the general population of America has more than 6 percent struggling with the illness (Friedman, 2014). The large number of patients that exist both inside and outside the ranks of military personnel makes PTSD a major public health issue (Keane, Marx & Sloan, 2009). Soldiers ...

There are many different genetic disorders, conditions and diseases that can effect human beings of all ages, all genders, races and ethnicities. Rett Syndrome is a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder that effects females almost exclusively and occurs in 1 in 10,000 female births. Rett Syndrome, RTT, is believed to be caused by mutations in a gene identified as MeCP2, called a transcriptional repressor, which functions by coding for protein and has influence on other genes. This gene is found in the X chromosome; this is why the mutation is more likely in females than in males. When that gene ...

One of the great researches in history, The Human Genome Project (HGP) that started in the year 1990 and was completed in 2003 was a collaborative venture to read the complete genetic blueprint of Homo sapiens (Genetics Home Reference, 2016). Basically this would be done by determining the sequence of the genome and mapping out all of the genes. The goal of this project is to look for a permanent cure and treat diseases by going deep into its genetic roots (Genome.gov, 2015). The results of the HGP will be beneficial in molecular medicine. It will help improve the ...

III. Product and Service Description This section of the business plan entails a detailed description of the product that I will be selling. Therefore, some of the sub-sections that will be covered in this section include a description of the product assortment, product uniqueness, product benefits, assortment strategy description and product experience description.

A. Description of the Product Assortment

According to Skarra, the success of a product depends on how a person is able to come up with the right product or service assortment. Therefore, in order for me to be successful with my product, I have decided on a product that I believe is ...

Discussion Question 1

Having attended a birthday party, an assortments of foods were served among them beef, rice, and the mandatory cake. An analysis of the dietary compositions of this food revealed that beef contained up to about 24g for every 100g of protein in a single serving, 16g of fat content in 100g and no carbohydrates. Rice was found to have a high source of carbohydrates about 23 grams per 100-gram serving, 1g fat per 100g serving and 3g per 100g serving protein content. Similarly, the cake served was high in carbohydrates about 60 grams per 100g serving with minor composition ...

HeLa cell line is a human cancer cell line that does not undergo apoptosis or cell death, and can be continuously cultured indefinitely in-vitro (AccessScience Editors [ASE] 2014). In general, human somatic cell cultures cannot be maintained in laboratory conditions beyond certain no of generations. Hence, HeLa cells are very useful in medical research for studying cell behavior and cell death, in developing new cancer therapies and vaccines. Since their initial culturing, HeLa cells have been cloned several times, and distributed throughout the world for various research purposes. Though today several immortalized cell lines are available, HeLa still remains ...

Starting college has been a new experience for me in terms of meeting my basic needs and surviving on my own. A major factor involved here is access to food and how this affects my diet and ultimately my overall health and well being. As a transfer student, I actually began my college career at a different university, where I lived in the dormitories for a limited number of months. It was during this onboarding process that the struggle to attain healthy foodstuffs on a campus environment first became clear to me, particularly as I felt my weight increase ...

Jane Doe

Questions: Describe how burn wounds are classified. Identify and describe Mr. Angelo’s burn injuries. Burn wounds are classified using four degrees that are based on the severity of how many layers of the dermis have been damaged; the higher the degree of burn classification, the more severe the burn injury and damage done to the patients skin and body. In the case of Mr. Angelo’s burn injuries, he sustains both 2nd and 1st degree burns covering approximately 40 percent of his body.

Explain the “rule of nines” used in assessment of burn injury.

When assessing burn injuries, the “rule of nines” is a formula to assess how much ...

Heat shock proteins in pacific white shrimp

The aquaculture is admired from Europe to Argentina and now it experiences the continuous growth and intensification. One of the commercially important crustacean species, which is a worldwide cultured, is the pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vanname. Their cultivation is complex and often ruined by external factor like temperature and diseases. Now a lot of researcher are trying to get full understanding of the ongoing processes to prevent the unwanted murrain. (Zeng et al., 1; Flores et al., 547) As shrimps are too sensitive it is necessary to avoid any shocks and understand mechanisms. Thus, heat shock protein is ...

Crude oil is obtained from layers of sedimentary rock that are formed by materials which are eroded and carried away from the land surface by flowing water bodies. The water flows and drains into oceans, depositing sedimentary rocks in the ocean beds. Pools of crude oil, are present underground, trapped between layers of sedimentary rocks. Crude oil and natural gas are organic hydrocarbons. Petroleum in particular, is a complex mix of organic compound and contains traces of porphyrin. The structure of porphyrin is similar to that of chlorophyll and hemoglobin of plant and animal origin respectively. While natural porphyrin ...

Introduction

In addition to their important roles in natural environ- ments, microbial enzymes can be highly specific in their activity and thus are increasingly useful in industrial applications. Enzymes from aquatic bacteria adapted to moderate and high temperatures have already figured in a variety of applications, including polymerase chain reac- tion (PCR), laundry detergents, protein recovery and organic synthesis (e.g. Mullis and Faloona, 1987; Adams and Kelly, 1995). Although enzymes with optimal activity at cold temperatures have been understudied compared with their heat-stable counterparts, increasing attention is being paid to cold-active enzymes as potential applica- tions are revealed Enzymes are ...

Animals need to be regularly dewormed to ensure they remain healthy. For this case, two moderate doses of protein derived from bacteria were given to swine that was infected with worms as an experiment to make the study successful. After the doses had been administered, to the pigs, all the roundworm larvae in the intestines were destroyed, and there was almost a complete eliminated of the infection. The vet team used Cry5B that is a crystal protein found from a soil bacterium called Bacillus thuringiensis. The dose that was utilized during the study is similar to the one that ...

Investigating how light intensity will affect the rate of photosynthesis, with the help of DCPIP, in Spinach leaves.

The aim of this experiment is to find out how the rate of change of light intensity affect the photosynthesis in spinach leaves. Successful farming of food crops is very essential for both the nutritional and financial health of a nation. Governments of almost every nation invest land and labour to crop farming, as much as is possible, keeping in mind the other needs of a country. But, however, due to many reasons the maximum crop yield possible is not always achieved. For the production of a healthy crop certain conditions are necessary. The primary among these conditions are ...

Introduction

Millions of cells are always being removed in the human body in order to regulate biological pathways and keep cells healthy through a particular mechanism called cell death or apoptosis. Through apoptosis, such homeostatic death of cells has been defined as a tolerogenic or a non-immunogenic event for many years [1]. However, during the past few years, scientists have discovered the occurrence of a different concept of cell death – immunogenic cell death (ICD), where the death of a cell stimulates a response from the immune system against antigens of a dead cell, and this mechanism of cell death may ...

Induction of Apoptotic Program in Cell-free Extracts: Requirement for dATP and Cytochrome c

This research sought to establish that cells that are through the process of apoptosis would have an increase the level of cytochrome c to their existing cytosol during vivo. This would infer that mitochondria of the cells would continue to work during apoptosis activity thereby initiating the production of cytochrome c The apoptotic program is brought about by the introduction of dATP. According to this research the cytosol of the cell produced approximately 15 kDa protein. This amount of protein meets the threshold that can initiate vitro apoptosis. Based on the protein patterns it was clear that the protein ...

Introduction

There is plenty of disunion on what kind of diet is the best for treating obesity and encouraging weight loss. Different diets emphasize protein, others emphasize carbohydrates and yet other focus on fat. Research shows that diets that cause weight loss successfully are made of fat, protein, and carbohydrate compositions. These diets should carry beneficial effects for cardiovascular disease and diabetes (Sacks et al., 2009). The diet can be customized according to the individual preferences for the best results in weight loss. Karen has been more tired and irritable lately because of the changes she has made in her ...

(Author, Department, University,

Corresponding Address and email)

Introduction Methillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) infection is caused by staphylococcus bacteria that is resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g. penicillin, methicillin, and amoxicillin), which are normally used to treat staphylococcus infections. Studies have shown that about 40% of Staphylococcus aureus strains have developed resistance to methicillin (Durai, Ng, & Hoque, 2010). Most of the MRSA infections occur in people, who have been admitted in hospitals or other such healthcare settings as, for example, dialysis centers and nursing homes. In case of the development of infection in healthcare settings, it is also known as healthcare-associated (HA) MRSA infections. Usually, ...

Clark

Clark, a junior in high school wants to gain some muscle mass before his last football season next year. He is not very knowledgeable about nutrition and mainly consumes processed foods. His diet consists of two to three meals a day and his training regimen is sporadic and inconsistent. He has three months to obtain the results that he wants. Clark’s basal metabolic rate (BMR) is 1874.1. Clark’s daily calorie requirement (DCR) is 3,538.5. Clarks target heart rate is 166. There are several things to keep in mind while working with Clark. First, Clark is not ...

Healthiest Meal

a. Tulsi is surely one of the most famous restaurants that serve Indian food in the United States of America. Visiting this restaurant was a nice experience as it offered new food options so as to quench the thirst for delicacy. Skimming through the menu card of the restaurant, one can opt for the combination of a number of dishes that would provide the healthiest meal of all. Portuguese Striped Bass as an entrée with Tadka Dal can make for a nice meal. This has to be coupled with Lime Soda as a beverage and a scoop of ...

Abstract

This lab report discusses the Cellular Location of Metabolic Enzymes. Regarding methodology, the experiment was conducted in three sessions during the first session liver homogenate and cell functions were prepared. The first session was carried out by homogenizing the liver in an isotonic media. The Maltase and lactate dehydrogenase were determined in the second session, and protein concentrations were estimated in the third session. The Maltase dehydrogenase (MDH) and Lactase dehydrogenase (LDH) were used to catalyze the reactions in session two. The biuret reaction was used to estimate the protein in the last session. The relationship between absorbance at ...

I. UNDERSTANDING THE DISEASE AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1. How is acid produced and controlled within the gastrointestinal tract? The production of acid occurs in the stomach by cells that are therein. The cells found in the stomach produce intrinsic factors and hydrochloric acid. There are chemical messengers that help during the activity. They are histamine, gastrin and acetylcholine. Gastrin helps in stimulating the cells to produce secretions when food enters the stomach. An enzyme somatostatin inhibits the secretions when needed. The digestion takes place in three phases; the cephalic phase, gastric phase and the intestinal phase. It is in the ...

1. What techniques/training will the scholarship provide? The scholarship will train people on the aspects that relate to the testing and culturing of samples used in research. Testing hypothesis will be made possible through the project. The hypothesis testing skills are needed to test the hypothesis in the study. The study will base on the ability to take records and measure outcome. The project will offer training on how to test hypothesis and measure outcome. On the other hand, the scholarship will train clients on how to collect samples, record and interpret scientific data. When the project is done, ...

Vascular System: The New Frontier in Cancer Research

Vascular System: The New Frontier in Cancer Research For the last 50 years, cancer treatment has been ruled by the fact that each type of tumor must be selected for specific cancer treatment. Thus, medics have concentrated in producing specific types of drugs for the treatment of certain types of cancer (1). The types of drugs used were specific to candidates affected. Nonetheless, cancer cells have high rate of mutation hence they are very unstable therefore some cells become resistant due to repeated drug use or exposure to chemotherapy. The high rate mutation causes the cells to be genetically ...

Introduction

The research is typically based on the research questions. Punch (1998) identifies the main reasons for setting a research question. The research questions help to organize and direct a study, and keep the researcher focused; they set the boundaries and framework for the project, and designate the data necessary for the project. The research has to provide the reliable results and conclusions, irrespective of the area. Therefore, scientific and social research have to be based on the real-life data and the appropriate data processing methods. The data should be obtained using the procedure of statistical sampling and tested for ...

Nutritional Need of Pregnant Women

Nutritional needs during pregnancy are different since some of the nutrients are passed on to the fetus. In order to stay healthy during pregnancy and to reduce the risk of complications, proper nutritional care should be provided to the women. During pregnancy, women require more of micro and macronutrients that includes proteins, fluids, calcium, iron, and folate. Compared to normal days, women would require an additional of 300 calories. It is recommended that wmen consume foods from all groups in order to receive most of the nutrients. Some examples include cereals and grains that form as a source of ...

Lis Rodriguez

ASA COLLEGE Abstract Marfan syndrome is connective tissue disorder. It is caused by a mutation of FBN1 gene that is responsible for encoding Fibrillin-1 protein. The mutation causes the drop of the amount of Fibrillin-1 which consequently affects the connective tissue. Connective tissue loses its strength and support which leads to various defects in different parts of the body. Cardiovascular, skeletal and ocular systems are most often affected. However, further symptoms include tall and slender build, disproportionately long arms, legs, fingers and toes, a breastbone that protrudes outward or dips inward, a high, arched palate and crowded teeth, heart ...

Microbial Genetics

This is an area of study within microbiology and genetic engineering that studies the inheritable characteristics of microorganisms. It is an area of study of great significance in the field of health and medicine. In this essay I will be focusing on this significance both positive and negative as it relates to the field of health and medicine and the new ways in which genetic engineering is finding its application. HIV infection usually infects cells with CD4+ markers. The other markers that are essential in making infection of these cells possible are CCR5 and CXCR4 without which cell entry ...

Since the 1960s, the International Federation of Bodybuilding and Fitness holds the Mr. Olympia contest every year to determine the man with “best physique in the world”. In the 1970s, the Golden Era of bodybuilding, the best body was considered to have a perfect amount of mass, symmetry, aesthetics, and definition. Legendary bodybuilder Steve Reeves influenced these standards. Reeves trained his body so that every muscle was symmetrical and proportionate. His philosophy was that each thigh should measure half the length of the chest, arms and calves should equal in length, and the body should have a small as ...

Abstract

The central dogma of biology is performed within this study. A vector of T7 RNA Polymerase gene was inserted into E.Coli where it could be transcribed into RNA and subsequently translated into protein. The protein was extracted and purified. A successful clone was produced by inserting the vector into the expressing cell line and it was observed after achieved an optical density at 600 nm (OD600) of 0.84. A collected 20.87 ug of double stranded RNA was found. Additionally, a linear DNA template OD260: 0.04 µg/ml was transcribed. After expressing it was found that a total protein concentration of ...

Nursing

Nutrition Portfolio and Analysis Overview Given a $35 budget for groceries intended to last two days, the menu I was required to craft needed to include breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks. While accomplishing such a goal may be feasible in terms of providing meals and meeting the necessary levels of calories consumed, it is also important to consider the nutrients consumed resulting from such a budget. I believe that poverty and health concerns are linked, and that this was an important exercise in understanding the link between money, nutrition and health. In order to consider the nutrition levels of ...

Enjoying food is an important constituent of the good life. The possibility to enjoy various dishes makes people feel satisfied. However, sometimes, people are deprived of pleasure from food because of allergies. Usually, immune system is a functioning in a befitting way, complicated mechanism. This amazing nature miracle is able to protect the body from numerous invaders. Immune system identifies infected cells as well as cells, which is going to be tumors. However, it is not works that good. Allergies are the effects of immune system’s mistaken functioning. Food allergy - a state of organism, characterized by hypersensitivity ...

The Pros and Cons to a Pharmaceutical Company to Investing in Vaccines, Devices, and Biologics

A weak initial public offering market, uncertain credit situation, and multiple groups of investors took their toll on the biotechnology sector. Forty-five percent of every civic listed biotechnology organization is engaged in their operations with not more than one year of monetary reserves. Forecasts for biotechnology initial public offerings showed the decreasing trend in 2009 through taking into notice the scenario of vulnerable 2008, which developed only a single initial public offering that improved $ 5.8 million according to a report of Bio world . This is in relativeness to forty one initial public offerings that enhanced 1.899 billion dollars in ...

Food is a necessity of a man. Currently exists the understanding that the food provides a considerable influence on a person. It gives energy, strengths development, and health. You can be sure that human health is 70% dependent on the food. Food is the main source of most diseases, however, with its help it is possible to get rid of long-term illnesses. Elevated levels of blood cholesterol, obesity, tooth decay, diabetes, impaired fat metabolism, hypertension, constipation, increased uric acid in the blood or gout - this is an incomplete list of so-called "diseases of civilization" that were caused by ...

Abstract

The current antiretroviral drugs have been efficient in the management of HIV by suppressing the virus's replication. It has, therefore, helped in changing this virus from a deathly disease to a chronic infection. The utilization of extremely active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) calls for a lifetime prescription to prevent viral rebound by reducing the viral load to undetectable low levels. This high maintenance of treatment and the various side effects of the drugs and non-HIV related morbidity have led to the need for a better form of therapy. There has been an extensive study on stem cell manipulation done to develop gene therapy ...

Abstract

Prevention of pressure injury may beneficial because it helps in reducing treatment costs. A treatment plan can be effective in addressing the risk of old people from acquiring pressure injuries. Professional collaboration is recommended because the efforts of nurses, nutritionists, and physicians play a critical role in prevention. The patient needs may be fulfilled if the environment and the care providers are collaborative. Therefore, a collaborative approach can be effective in achieving positive patient outcomes. This may help in reducing health costs incurred during admission or treatment of injuries. However, knowledge and skills are critical for patients who are at risk ...

Introduction 

The client is a football player named Ola. He is 21 years old. He plays in a forward position at Tilbury football club. With a height of 5‘8“, he weighs 73 kg. He prefers to use his left foot while playing. His nationality is Angolan. An average footballer leads an active lifestyle, attending regular sessions of practice combined with 3 to 4 football matches per week. This high-intensity physical activity takes a toll on the muscles and therefore, as a footballer, Ola should follow a balanced diet consisting of high amounts of protein and carbohydrates followed by plenty of fluids and other nutrients ...

Gene regulation involves the cellular process that aims to prevent and control the manner in which gene expression occurs. Gene regulation includes a range of mechanisms used by the cells to decrease or increase the production of specific products of the genes. Many sophisticated programs of gene expression are observed in biology that includes response to the environmental stimuli and triggering of other developmental pathways. Steps involving expression of genes can be controlled from the initiation of transcription, to processing the DNA, and to the mechanisms involved in the post translational modification of the proteins. Gene regulation is important for ...

Source One:

http://uofmhealthblogs.org/womens/pregnancy-childbirth/oh-body-will-change-pregnancy/8463/

Posted by Helen Kang Morgan, MD on September 24, 2013 In addition to the obvious physical changes as your belly grows during pregnancy, what other surprises may your body have in store for you? Pregnancy is an exciting time, but often one filled with many questions — is my baby healthy, can I do this/eat that, and what the heck is happening to my body?

During your first trimester, you’ll probably feel tired, perhaps more tired than you’ve ever felt before. Get as much rest as you can. About 70 percent of women will also ...

Disease management constitutes an important area in the clinical research where drugs possess a significant position. The effect of drugs on various organ systems has been the area of much research interest which gradually made feasible the development of several classes of drugs. Drugs may have dual role of promoting and inhibiting the vital biochemical and molecular pathways that play influential role in the disease outcome.

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are considered as anticongestive heart failure and antihypertensive agents. They have gained wide spread physician and patient satisfaction. The ACE inhibitors prevent the ...

Executive Summary

The objective was to compare effects of GnRH antagonist and standard long protocol agonist on number, and the quality of Metaphase II oocytes, and on reducing risk of hyperstimulation, in patients who are affected by Polycystic ovarian syndrome. Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a common endocrinopathy of the women who are in reproductive age, which is a first cause of the anovulation. GnRH agonists are used in the IVF to avoid premature LH surge before the retrieval of oocyte. Research findings from this study can be significant to various Centers for Reproductive Medicine, and also to all the institutions that practice ART. ...

Choose a gene that has been implicated in a human developmental disorder

FOXP2 is a gene that codes for a member of the transcription factors’ forkhead /winged-helix family, FOX. It is situated from base pair 114,086,309 to base pair 114,693,771 on the chromosome 7’s long (q) arm at position 31. The gene has 42 distinct introns, which include 41gt-ag and 1 other. The first FOXP2 report depicted 19 exons, of which two, namely 3a and 3b, are variably spliced into transcripts that cover about 300 kb on the chromosome 7q31 (Lai, Fisher and Hurst).

Several alternative transcripts, as well as protein isoforms, have been predicted on the ...

Celiac disease is a condition where the immune system reacts to gluten, a type of protein in barley and rye. It is an autoimmune disorder, this occurs when the immune system do not function well, and starts to attack the organs and the tissues. The immune system of the body is designed to guard against foreign invaders. When people with this condition eat foods with gluten, the immune system create antibodies to this protein attacking the lining of the intestines. The causes of the inflammations in the intestines end up damaging the villi on the ...

VAMP7 Modulates Ciliary Biogenesis in Kidney Cells

Epithelial cells elaborate specialized domains with distinguishable compositions of lipid as well as protein, which include the basolateral and apical surfaces together with primary cilia. For proper functioning of the cell, maintenance of these domains; identity is necessary and requires the selective and efficient SNARE-mediated vesicles fusion that contain newly produced and recycling proteins that have the suitable target membrane. There exist many pathways to carry freshly synthesized proteins to the kidney cells’ apical surface, and the post-Golgi SNAREs, or VAMPs that participate in these distinguishable pathways have not been discovered. There has been implication of VAMP7 in delivery ...

DHEA:

Dehydroepiandrosterone, or DHEA, is a hormone the human body produces via the adrenal glands, which are above the kidneys. The exact effect of DHEA is not yet fully identified; however, it is believed to be a precursor of the female and male sex hormones, namely estrogen and testosterone, among others. Precursors are substances that the body converts into hormones.

The production of DHEA usually reaches its peak around the mid-20s and declines ever after. The same applies to estrogen and testosterone, whose production also declines with age. For that reason, if an individual wants to increase their hormone levels, it ...

Diabetes is a burning issue all over the world. World health organization has shown concerns on the prevalence and incidents of diabetes. In USA, 29.1 million people or 9.3% of the population; diagnosed or undiagnosed have diabetes. (CDC, 2012). As per National Diabetes Fact Sheet, 2011 215, 000 people in USA have type-I or type-II diabetes. Thus, diabetes is a disease penetrating all age groups. Treatment of diabetes has a few advancement in the recent past. Apart from general oral hypoglycemic agents and injectable insulin there are islet transplantation surgeries also available for diabetes. There is a wide scope of treatment of diabetes ...

Epigenetics has gained researchers attention from around the globe as it offers novel hope in understanding the molecular mechanisms that may reveal the cause of diseases, abnormalities, disorders and even behavior. It is the manifestation of changes in gene expressions without any modification of genotype. Basically, three processes of DNA methylation, histone protein modifications, and non-coding RNA associated gene silencing are considered to play the significant role in sustenance of epigenetic changes. Environmental stresses, lifestyle, various physical factors are supposed to play role in causing such phenotypic changes that inherit to one or few successive generations. Hypomethylation and hypermethylation ...

There is no doubt that photosynthesis is believed to be the only storage of the solar energy processes on earth, and as well as the source of food and energy resources (Blankenship 434). This understanding concerning the origin and evolution of photosynthesis is critical in explaining all the complex paths followed by photosynthetic process.

The origin of life and photosynthesis

The origin of life is traceable to the origin and evolution of the process of photosynthesis. It is believed that the early atmospheric originally composed of neutral gases, mainly carbon dioxide and nitrogen (Hartman 516). However, critics questioned the probability of the occurrence of the ...

Cancer antigen 125 (CA125), which is encoded by MUC16, is the only biomarker currently used for immunohistochemical diagnosis of ovarian cancer (Tanyi and Scholler 1098). Literature suggests that 80% of the patients with ovarian cancer express CA125. The expression pattern is different among the different kinds of ovarian cancer; 85% in serous ovarian cancer, 12% in mucinous cancer and 40% in clear cell carcinoma (Tanyi and Scholler 1098; Kaspar and Crum 44), which helps in differential diagnosis.

Differential diagnosis among various types of ovarian cancer. There are five types of primary ovarian ...

Abstract

Bread crumbs are small particles of bread, which are usually used for breading or crumbing foods to give the food favourable flavour and texture. Different processing approaches of bread crumbing, as well as a variety of breadcrumbs / derived products exist in the global market, and are commonly used globally. The research objective of this project is to investigate the processing, applications and markets of breadcrumbs, in order to identify and evaluate opportunities for its processing and potential products it could be applied to. The findings suggest that advanced extrusion processing techniques are desirable for commercial bread crumb processing. Two ...

Introduction

Nutritional needs vary according to the stages of life. From infantry to adultery nutrition is a vitally important aspect of such characteristics as mental development, growth, sexual development and resistance to illnesses. That is why maintaining a well-organized healthy diet is crucial for providing the population with appropriate development and omitting health problems.

Infants

At the infantry stage the differences in nutrition for boys and girls are generally not observed. Infants are first of all fed through breast milk, which is preferable in all cases, and infant formula, if breast feeding is not available. Infants receive most calories from fats, namely omega-3 ...

Within the era of globalization the today’s world is full of different cultures, subcultures, special social groups that support plenty of ideas and movements. More and more popular becomes ‘vegetarianism’ as a unique flow not only in European countries but also throughout the world. The reasons are various. The main role in choosing vegetarian way of life is caused by religious beliefs. For example, many Eastern religions such as Buddhism, Jainism, Hinduism dictate the philosophical view that the murder and infliction of pain must not be committed by human nature. Secondly, it can be ethical reasons, because lots of ...

Micronutrient and fast food

Meals that are commonly consumed at fast food restaurants are highly processed and high in fat content and calories. One such example of a fast food item is the Big Mac at the McDonald’s restaurant. It provides 540 calories and contains 32 gm of fat. However, this does not include the often included fries/chips and drink that are eaten as well with the meal. It is often times seen that the one such meal can actually provide calories and other macronutrients sufficient for the entire day.

Micronutrients are nutrients that are required for proper physiological function in human ...

This is a handout that highlights the effects of Polypharmacy in the elderly and how to reduce the related financial issues that might be associated. Polypharmacy is an administration of multiple medications at the same to treat different conditions. In most situations, those multiple descriptions are done inappropriately. That problem that usually results from Polypharmacy is that of adverse drug reactions or adverse drug interaction. Financial problems can also result from too much drug use.

Important keys to handling Polypharmacy risks are information, instruction and organization.

Information (In such situations, patients needs to) - Keep accurate list of all medicationsthis must be in terms of dosage, generic and brand names, ...

Introduction

Breast cancer is a genetic disorder so common that it has claimed the lives of many women all over the world with statistics showing that it’s concentrated on the age of 45 - 55 years. Breast cancer, along with the other category of this disease is the product of the occurrence of a metastasized tumor. Neoplasm forms when genes are expressed abnormally such that the natural outcome of somatic cells is associated. Mutation, deletion and amplification of genes that control cellular growth and differentiation also cause the formation of a neoplasm. Thus, it is very critical to understand the genetic components ...

The Major Anatomical regions, landmarks, directions and cavities of the liver

The liver is considered as the heart of the digestive system. In humans, the liver is present in the upper right quadrant pf the abdominal cavity. The liver lies below the diaphragm. The gallbladder is covered by the liver to some extent. It is a vital organ that plays an important role in the production of chemicals for digestion in humans. The liver is divided in to two lobes, the left and the right lobe respectively. The two lobes are separated by the imaginary plan called the Cantlie's line. The liver is connected by two large blood vessels, the portal ...

Q. 1. Explain how gel filtration chromatography (size exclusion chromatography) separates molecules on the basis of their mass/size.

A. In gel filtration, porous beads are packed into a column. The pores are of different size. The column is then packed with a buffer solution. This buffer solution is present inside the beads as well as around it. When molecules of different size pass through the columns, the smaller molecules pass through the pores and take a longer path. The larger molecules, however, travel around the beads. Thus, larger molecules travel faster than the ...

Lysine

Amino acids are organic molecules, the monomers of proteins that contain both amino and carboxyl groups. Proteins of a cell mostly contain 20 types of amino acids that differ in the side chain known as R group. Therefore, the properties of the amino acid in protein fully depend on the characteristics of the side chains.

Lysine is an essential amino acid, that means it cannot be synthetized in the human organism. The side chain of the lysine molecule contains an additional amino group attached to the carbon skeleton. Because of the positive charge in the side chain, the charge ...

The process of DNA replication at biochemical level

DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a biopolymer that encodes all the structures needed for the organism’s lifespan and development. In a cell it is located in the nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts. DNA consists of four types of deoxyribonucleotides, the sequence of which is used to store the data.

The essential characteristic of DNA molecule that allows it to pass the stored information to the next generations of cells or organisms is the way of self-reproduction known as replication. The molecule consists of two complementary chains that are held together with the help of hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases. ...