Essays on Protein

Complete the following questions:

What factors contribute to malnutrition in both developing countries and developed countries? Answer: The causes of malnutrition are diverse in developed and developing countries. The factors are determined by the availability of food, types of food and demographical influences. In developing countries, the main reason is unavailability of food. On the other hand, the reason for malnutrition in developed countries is high calorie diet lacking in essential vitamins and minerals. Obesity and overweight are also forms of malnutrition (Mandal).

What foods might be economically introduced to these diets to help address the problem?

Answer: For developing countries, the need of the hour is to provide Protein and Calorie rich food. Pulses can act ...

Abstract

Obesity is a major cause of concern for many health professionals due to its severe impact on overall health condition of the affected person. The condition, which is usually caused by unhealthy living conditions, over-reliance on fast foods, genetic structure of the obese person, and their underlying health issues, is present in a large portion of Americans. The paper looks at the influence this health condition is making on the life of its patients and how it can be treated. The paper begins by looking at the social and mental health and productivity changes in the individuals who suffer ...

Question 1

While taking Doris’s age, weight, and height into consideration, her BMI is 35.3, which would be categorized as Obese Class II. From that perspective, Doris faces a wide array of health risks including heart-related conditions, high blood pressure, and type 2 diabetes. The severity of these risks would increase in the event that she is not able to regulate her weight, which may go beyond the set limits depending on her age and height.

Question 2

Considering that her normal weight would be approximately 203 pounds, she has lost 4.9% of her weight within the past month due to nausea ...

Human nutrition is associated with good health and well-being. Humans derive nutrients from food products such as fruits, vegetables, milk, and animal-based products. Nutrients should be taken in adequate quantities for proper functioning of the body. Diet provides vitamins, minerals, and all other vital components required for healthy living. Diet is one part of a healthy body while physical activity enhances growth, development, and stability to the body. People who have low nutrient intake are vulnerable to diseases and illnesses. Poor nutrition has also been associated with impaired physical and mental development (Kau, et al. 2011). Nutrition is the ...

I take roughly three meals every day with a small serving of an extra snack to complement at the end of the day. The size and portions of my serving may differ depending on how hungry I may be but overall I try to maintain a healthy eating habit with some elements being consistent like water and a fruit and vegetable serving to ensure I have not only very essential micronutrients but also non-nutrient elements like roughage to ease digestion and bowel movement while avoiding conditions like indigestion. On the very first day I took three meals on that ...

Neurodegenerative Disorder

Introduction Neurodegenerative disorders refer to debilitating health care complications that occur because of slow degeneration of nerves cells. Neurodegeneration process is the progressive deterioration of structure and functionality of neurons in human body systems (Kovacs, 2016, 189). Ideally, neurodegenerative disorders represent the long-standing challenges in the field of basic science and clinical medicine. This is because of the persistence showed by the illnesses despite the unending attempts to adopt solutions to mitigate their health effects and severity on patients. The diseases affect the neurons in the human brain. As a result, it causes instabilities in the brain and spinal ...

1. Exercising regularly is good for health. However, one should not be erratic about it i.e. one should have a plan and stick to it. Fitness also includes the food intake. One should have a balanced diet that gives all nutrients in the correct proportion. Exercise and food together lead to a healthy body. At times an overweight person will not be prepared to expose himself to others in a fitness centre. However, one should realise that it is to change this very situation that one need to keep oneself fit. As a result, one becomes more confident about ...

A total of 57 million deaths were reported worldwide in 2008, and the majority of those deaths were caused by either non-cardiovascular diseases (36 million; 63%) or cardiovascular diseases (17.3 million; 30%) according to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2011). The highest mortality rates are associated with ischemic heart diseases and cerebrovascular diseases, which account for 45% and 29% of the cardiovascular-related deaths in men and 37% and 33% of cardiovascular-related deaths in women, respectively (see Figure 1). Ischemic heart disease is considered the most common cardiovascular cause of death as it accounts for 7.6 million deaths worldwide (Institute ...

Introduction

The Ebola virus has existed for centuries. Like all life forms and viruses, it has been changing and adapting since the beginning of time to survive. Despite this the disease did not make itself known until the twentieth century. However, once the virus revealed itself only three major outbreaks have occurred. There were two in 1976 and one which took started in 2014 (CDC, 2015). The latest outbreak has been the longest and worst, effecting numerous countries such as, Mali, Nigeria, Liberia and Senegal in West Africa (CDC, 2015). This paper will look at the scientific aspects of the ...

Briefly discuss the absorption process and sites of biotin, folate. cobalamin, and ascorbic acid

In essence, human beings cannot synthesize biotin, and therefore the vitamin is required in water soluble form to perform the normal cellular function. The absorption process of biotin takes place in the small and large intestines (Said, 2011). The process involves the Na+ carrier that transports the vitamin in human beings. The sodium-dependent transports, also written as hSMVT is expressed in the apical membrane of the enterocytes. Folates exist as polyglutamate in the diet, which enables them to be converted to mono glutamates through an enzymatic process. The absorption process of the vitamin takes place in the intestines with ...

Product Life Cycle

While going through the product report for Alikay Naturals Moisturizing Black Soap Shampoo, it seems that the product stands in the decline stage of the product life cycle. Obviously, decline is the final stage of the product life cycle where a product is about to go out of the market. The major characteristic of the decline stage is that there will be long-run drop in sales due to customer taste changes and increased availability of substitute products (Lamb, Hair & McDaniel, 2016, p.202). This long-run drop in sales would naturally lead to a decrease in revenues. While going through the ...

Effect heat has on nociceptors

Nociceptors are pain receptors activated by neuropathic or nociceptive stimuli released during pain towards impending or actual tissue injury (Dubin, 2010). Nociceptors frequently are related to the perception of pain are evoked when the pressure and temperature are at a level considered extreme that can cause injuries to tissues and secondly by toxic molecule and inflammatory mediators. In most instances, these injuries concentrate on one section of the skin, blocking the flow of blood. Heat or cold assists in subsecond somatopic withdrawal response the two act as stimuli to depolarize outer terminals resulting in the production of the receptor ...

Introduction

The SNAP-25 is the synaptosomal-associated protein 25 which generated different primary and secondary effects on animals and human being including death. The most important symptoms (Huang, 2004) of the SNAP-25 are: ■ Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: This affects the attention, excessive activity and difficulties in control behavior. Extreme situations may cause death. ■ RS362584 polymorphism in genes causing neuroticism in living beings, including humans. The neuroticism causes anxiety, fear, worry and frustration in individuals. In extreme cases, its causes the death.

The SNAP-25 biologically interrupts and destroys links and the structure of the ribonucleic acid of the cells.

In a laboratory analysis, the degradation of SNAP-25 will cause death if it is degraded to less than 25%. The ...

Introduction

Sickle Cell Anemia or Sickle Cell Disease is an inherited blood ailment. Those suffering from Sickle Cell Disease have abnormal S/ sickle hemoglobin in the red blood cells. Hemoglobin is the protein in the blood that aids in carrying oxygen throughout the body. The ailment takes its appellation from the shape of the red blood cells of a person affected by Sickle Cell Disease, which have the shape of a sickle. They are stiff and adhesive rather than a disk like normal cells. The misshapen cells tend to get trapped in the small blood vessels hindering the movement of ...

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Conclusion

Lampam (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii) is a freshwater fish mostly found in tropical and sub-tropical water regions like Malaysia. It possesses high commercial significance in Malaysia due to its delicious meat, and strong demand that led many researchers to investigate its biological and feeding behavior to improve its growth and population dynamics. This study aimed to determine the survival rate, growth rate, and FCR of B. schwanenfeldii (Lampam) through treating them with three different types of protein diets, TP0 with 31% protein content, TP1 with 28% protein content and ...

Introduction:

Nanobiotechnology serves as an imperative technique in the development of clean, nontoxic, and eco-friendly procedures for the synthesis and congregation of metal NPs having the intrinsic ability to reduce metals by specific metabolic pathways. Silver nanoparticles are particularly interesting nanoscale systems due to the ease with which they can be synthesised and modified chemically. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles has been widely researched due to their interesting size and shape-dependent properties [26]. These novel properties can be tailored by controlling their size, shape, composition, structure and crystallinity. Due to their size features and advantages over available anti-microbial properties, chemical imaging ...

Introduction

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) involves peripheral circulation, the brain, and the heart. The disease is a primary health issue in many countries around the world (Sawhney, et al., 2012). CVD develops through complex processes involving novel risk markers and common risk factors. Decades of research have demonstrated that a sibling’s or parent’s family history is linked to the development of atherosclerotic CVD (Gupta et al., 2013; Nelson, 2013; Imes and Lewis, 2014), which manifests as peripheral arterial disorder, stroke, and coronary heart disorder (CHD). Various Mendelian disorders have also been shown to contribute to atherosclerotic CVD. Although ...

Abstract

In the last century, the knowledge of molecular biology has increased, opening new opportunities for addressing different diseases that have been affecting all populations. Before, genome and proteomic studies were seen as complicated field due to inability to get significance understanding of disease components at the molecular level. However, with the expansion of molecular biology, different techniques and tools have been developed to aid diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In this study, these tools have been investigated to understand how the knowledge on molecular diagnosis helps in detection and treatment of diseases. This study focused on the application of ...

Growth performance of Barbonymus schwanenfeldii (Lampam) fry feeding different protein content diets

Introduction Lampam or Tinfoil Barb (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii) is categorized under the family of Cyprinidae that is an important freshwater fish mostly found in tropical and sub-tropical areas including Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, and Sumatra. It is found in rivers and lakes with a pH ranging from 6.5 and 7.0 and the temperature ranging from 20.4 to 33.7ºC. The average weight of Lampam is 200 - 600 g and its size range between 10 and 25 cm. It is estimated that if a specific diet is provided Lampam may reach a size of 30 centimeters and its weight may exceed ...

Application– Chronic Kidney Disease

(Author, Department, University,

Chronic Kidney Disease Chronic kidney disease is related to a decrease in kidney function or damage to the kidney function for a minimum of 3 months. Actually, it is an ongoing process in which nephrons’ functioning decrease, glomeruli are destroyed, and glomerular stress is increased as a result of more work by surviving glomeruli to increase glomerular filtration rate (GFR); thereby, resulting in predictable steady decline of the function of kidneys (Buttaro, 2013). Chronic kidney disease is usually difficult to detect or grasp, and symptoms may not appear with a GFR more than 35%. However, when ...

The critical importance of protein in nutrition and life of the human body was discovered by chemists in the early 19th century, they also came up with "international" name for these chemical compounds - "proteins", from the Greek protos - "first, chief". Proteins have the incomparable value in the human diet: first of all, they serve as "building blocks" for the whole body. In addition, they are responsible for the metabolic and regulatory functions in the body; serve as a basis for the creation of tissues, such as muscle fibers; perform transport functions in metabolic systems of the body, ...

Thin Layer Chromatography of Amino Acids

Introduction The technique used for this experiment was thin layer chromatography (TLC). TLC is used to separate components of a mixture (Clark, 2016). The purpose of this experiment was to identify an unknown amino acid. The components will have different affinities to the stationary and mobile phases. The various components will travel at different rates based on their affinity to either the mobile or stationary phase (Clark). A polar stationary phase is used in TLC experiments and the mobile phase can be a combination of solvents or just one solvent (psu.edu, n.d.). TLC can also be used to monitor ...

Rocky mountain spotted fever is tick-borne infection. In endemic areas, the prevalence of the diseases is 15 per 100,000 persons. The disease is characterized by sudden onset of fever and headache. It is caused by gram-negative intracellular bacteria Rickettsia rickettsii. The bacteria have a high predisposition for the endothelial cell. Actin protein polymerization in the cells is important for the spread of bacteria from one cell to another. (Raoult & Parola, 2007) The bacteria cause lymphohistiocytic vasculitis and necrosis of the infected cells. It typically takes 5-7 days from the day of tick bite to the onset of symptoms. ...

Abstract

Regretfully, diagnosis of diabetes is very common nowadays. Diabetes has become a worldwide epidemic and one of the leading causes of premature morbidity and mortality because it often leads to amputation of limbs, loss of sight, kidney failure and provokes cardiovascular disease. However, it is not that hard to suspect a high risk of developing diabetes or the disease itself before the analysis of blood sugar levels. Many of the signs of diabetes are visible to the naked eye. Paying attention to them in timely manner can avoid the severe consequences of the disease. Patients with diabetes can lead ...

Chapter One: Introduction to Pre-Eclampsia Study

Chapter One: Introduction to Pre-Eclampsia Study As one of the leading global causes of maternal mortality, pre-eclampsia and related conditions have a remarkably wide impact (Sibai, Dekker & Kupferminc, 2005; Ghulmiyyah & Sibai, 2012). Diseases like pre-eclampsia can strike women of any age and with any socioeconomic background. The issues associated with pre-eclampsia are global, but there are certain populations that are more heavily impacted than others—and these populations are the ones that require investigation (Sibai, Dekker & Kupferminc, 2005). Pre-eclampsia is a condition that is associated with high maternal blood pressure and protein in maternal urine, but it is a ...

Physical health is one of the most important possessions a person can have. As such, it is the responsibility of a person to keep his or her physique in top shape. This can be done by regularly engaging in activities that promote healthy living and fitness; examples of which include eating healthily, exercising regularly, and avoiding unhealthy products and activities. When a person’s health is taken care of, the person will become noticeably stronger, fitter, and resistant to diseases. In doing so, he or she will be ensured of a fruitful and productive life ahead. As mentioned earlier, ...

During the second week, the CRP analysis was performed in the class. Blood testing for C-reactive protein aids in the rapid identification and verification of the progress and effectiveness of the treatment of infections, injuries and inflammation. The analysis was conducted to determine the acute infectious diseases, to monitor the effectiveness of treatment of chronic diseases (amyloidosis), monitor the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment (pneumonia, septicemia, neonatal sepsis, meningitis, etc.) (Arinzon Z. et al., 2011, p.365). In addition, it helps to define the determination of the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with atherosclerosis, diabetes but also on chronic hemodialysis ...

Synthetic biology is the latest trend that integrates biology with engineering. It deals with the making of biological molecules or systems that does not natural in the biological world. These molecules or system that are constructed, help to complement natural biological systems and help in performing particular biological task (Khalil and Collins 367-379). A simple example of synthetic biology would be manipulation of bacteria through recombinant technologies to produce recombinant protein. A vast number of applications are possible with synthetic biology. With the advancement that are currently happening in the area of bioinformatics, it is possible to reprogram human ...

1. Biot’s respiration named after Camille Biot is an abnormal ataxic breathing pattern, where rapid series of shallow respiration are followed by a period of apnea. In order to known how AMP kinase, knock down leads to Biot respiration in mice; it is necessary to known how AMP kinase affects respiratory rate. AMP kinase is a metabolic sensor and is activated in response to stretching of the lung alveolar cells and other stressors. During respiration, the lung goes through cycles of expansion and contraction (Budinger et al., 2008). When the alveolar cells stretch during expansion, the 5′ AMP-activated ...

Generally, I try to eat quite healthily, which means that I spend a lot of time preparing and planning for meals. Over the course of the three days that I recorded my food, I ate a macronutrient balance that was low on carbohydrates on purpose. I am quite precise with my diet, and I try not to deviate from my daily routine too much. The following chart shows my daily intake for three days—there is not much deviation on a day to day basis of the things that I eat and the way that I prepare my meals ...

Wondering what should be the proper nutrition, it is necessary to understand what is embedded in this concept, to have an idea about the ways of cooking food, about the value of the constituent elements of products, about the regime and the amount of food that is required depending on the constitution, weight, age, sex, physical activities etc. If a person has developed and sticks to a proper habit in this area, and combines it with the systematic physical exercise, such person will probably have an excellent body metabolism. After reviewing the analysis of my three days diet, I ...

One of the recurring points of contention in the field of biology is the mode of hereditary acquisition of characteristics of an individual. Some maintain that it is primarily due to genetics, while others assert that the environment plays a major role in developing a person’s characteristics. This debate is also known in some circles as the ‘nature vs nurture’ debate, and given the scientific merits of each side, it can be said that each point of view can be considered probable in determining the quality of an individual. As it turns out, recent research suggests that both, ...

The video about fractals entitled “Fractals: The Colors of Infinity” is basically, an overview of the concept of fractals. It gives a view on how seemingly simple formulae can lead to complicated results. Interestingly enough, this concept can be applied to a variety of fields, including science, math, and computing. In the video, the history of the fractals concept was discussed, as well as the milestones regarding its discovery and how it helped revolutionize the human way of understanding works. In the video, Dr. Benoit Mandelbrot is introduced, along with his discovery, the Mandelbrot set. In addition, the application ...

Introduction

Cancer is a disease that is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. The Prognosis of the diseases in many of the patients is also poor (Adorno & Brownell, 2014). The Economic cost involved in treating the conditions and other factors serve as an incentive for studies into approaches for the identification of high risk people. The development of brain metastases in patients diagnosed with lung cancer further amplifies the disease burden (Adorno & Brownell, 2014). This paper summarizes two articles in which the authors present content on the use markers in the identification of high risk populations.

Summary of Articles

The article by ...

Introduction

Nutritional needs changes throughout a person’s life that if not properly assessed may lead to malnutrition. Malnutrition is the state of the body lacking important nutrients or having excess or imbalance of energy. According to studies, 16% of people over 65 years and 2% of people over 85 years are malnourished. Studies also show that approximately two-thirds of people occupying hospital beds are above the age of 65 years (Ahmed & Haboubi, 2010). Malnutrition is associated with a number of health outcomes such as poor wound healing, slow recovery from surgery, higher hospital readmissions, and deaths. Malnutrition is high ...

Introduction

Osteoarthritis of the knee also known as the degenerative arthritis is a major and growing problem for the elder population all over the globe. Approximately, 27 million individuals have been reported to suffer from osteoarthritis by the Arthritis Foundation in United States (US). Women have been more commonly reported to suffer from osteoarthritis as compared to men. The prevalence of developing arthritis has been found to increase after the age of 45 . Although, mostly elderly population are most affected yet there are few evidences of young people suffering from it. Osteoarthritis is also commonly defined as wear- and- tear ...

Business Role-play: Negotiation

Business Role-play: Negotiation

Introduction

This negotiation took place between two different teams. The first team, made up of three team members, was tasked with selling a product to the second team for sale in retail stores in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. During this negotiation, both teams had a clear goal: to make a good business deal and build a good relationship with members of the other team. This was mainly a preliminary negotiation, which means that both teams were talking primarily about a single product. This product is a protein powder, which team 1—the sales team—claims is ...

Average velocity

The average velocity reported for microtubules propelled by kinesin expressed in insect systems is much higher than that reported for kinesin expressed in E. coli with a calculated mean and median of approximately 2.9330μm/s and 2.7974μm/s respectively for kinesin expressed in insect systems and 1.1579μm/s and 1.0903μm/s respectively for kinesin expressed in E. coli. This result is similar to result obtained by Korten et al. (15: 64) and Agayan et al. (29: 2265–2272) and the lower velocity observed in microtubules propelled by kinesin expressed in E. coli is likely due to the presence of ...

INTRODUCTION

What is the strongest material in the world? Most would answer steal or diamonds. However, that is not the case; the strongest material known to man is spider silk. It is considered to be stronger than steal in much smaller volume; some spider silk as thin as a human hair, as explained by Liz Boatman in the 2011 article, “Bridges Made Of Spider Silk? You Can Thank The Goats For That.” Science has found that spider silk could innovate and revolutionize many industries. However, finding spider silk in large quantities is no easy feat because spiders are small and ...

Recent developments and current trends in human longevity

Age-related diseases and aging have become one of the greatest challenges with respect to financial burden and social status. Based on current evidence and a review of over 100 years of scientific experience, the concept of aging has received criticism owing to growing population of elderly and age-related diseases that act as a burden to the economy. An international workshop entitled, ‘Interventions to Slow Aging in Humans: Are We Ready?’ was conducted in Italy with an objective to provide a consensus on the discovery and development of safe interventions for aging in humans with the help of biologist and ...

Please insert your name here

Please insert your professor’s name here Please insert course number here Introduction Kinesins are proteins which serve as molecular motors for the directional transport of various cargos (Hirokawa et al. 10: 682-696). They perform this important function using different mechanisms to recognize, bind, determine the direction of transport and unload the cargos with an energy efficiency which can exceed 50%, thereby equipping them to play important roles intracellularly in the transport of organelles and vesicles, in biosensing as well as in the development of other bioengineering solutions (Agarwal 11; Hirokawa and Takemura 301: 50–9; Hirokawa et al. ...

A proposal in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Introduction Wheat (Triticum sp.), an extensively adapted crop, is one of the primitive and primary staple food crops in the world. Wheat is cultivated from temperate; dry to irrigated or rain-fed areas, to warm, humid or cold conditions. Such a high adaptability is attributed to its intricate genome (Acevedo et al., 2002). Wheat cultivation covers more land area compared to other commercial crops and endures to be an essential food grain for humans (Curtis, 2002). Estimations reveal that by 2050, the population of the world will reach 9.1 billion (34 percent greater than today); correspondingly, the food requirement and ...

Introduction

Cancer is a disease that is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. The prognosis of the diseases in many of the patients is also poor (Adorno & Brownell, 2014). The economic cost involved in treating the conditions and other factors serve as an incentive for studies into approaches for the identification of high risk people. The development of brain metastases in patients diagnosed with lung cancer further amplifies the disease burden (Adorno & Brownell, 2014). This paper summarizes two articles in which the authors present content on the use markers in the identification of high risk populations.

Summary of Articles

The article by ...

Introduction

The large production of bisphenol A (BPA) in the world has been documented because of the increased usage of the same in various industries. The most critical industries that have been using this BPA include those manufacturing containers for foods and beverages, cigarette filters, thermal receipts as well as paper currency. With such a huge provision, it is critical that the basis of such developments only emanates from making the right choices over its uses because its production to a total of 2.7 million tons could be disastrous to the body. The main reasoning here is that the chemical ...

Introduction

We’ve learned that DNA is the genetic material that organisms inherit from their parents, but have you ever thought about what exactly this DNA encodes for? How do our cells use DNA as a set of instructions for life? How is the information in our DNA/genes used by our bodies? And what happens when the DNA is mutated or not used properly?

Materials

DNA sequence Computer with an internet connection Procedure Obtain your DNA sequence from your teacher. It will be emailed to you at the beginning of the week.

Convert your DNA sequence into a complementary mRNA sequence.

EXAMPLE: DNA: T A C G G C T ...

Transcriptional regulation of gene expression

Gene expression in eukaryotic cells is regulated at transcriptional, post transcriptional and translational levels (Tomizawa,  Lekstrom-Himes, and Xanthopoulos 17). Transcriptional control is the primary means of regulating gene expression. Eukaryotic transcriptional control functions at three levels: modulation of the activities of activators and repressors; variations in chromatin structure; and effect of activators and repressors on assembly of initiation complexes (Lodish et al. 368). Regulation of transcription initiation is the most widespread form of gene control in eukaryotes. However, in some cases, transcription may be attenuated and regulated at subsequent steps, such as during or after the transcription process (Cooper ...

Recorded Intake of Protein, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

When recording my food intake within the spreadsheet, one element that was evident during the recording process was that some of the foods overlapped with regard to the macronutrients that they offer. Thus, this means that some of the foods had the capacity of offering all the macronutrients, as per the expectations in reaching my Daily Recommended Intake (DRI). From the records, the foods that provided proteins included Wendy's Go Wrap, caramel corn, hamburger, Large double patty, with condiments and vegetables, eggs, Quaker rice cakes, Bob Evans chicken tender, and Taco Bell Chalupa Supreme Chicken. The foods that provided ...

Evaluate And Analyze The Paper I.E. Any Improvements, Why Things were done In the Relative Manner Cibely, O., Olivan, M., Jochen Springer, S. B., Tshiner, A., Figueras, M., & Toledo, M. (2012). Theophylline is able to partially revert cachexia in tumour bearing rats. Nutrition and metabolism.

Introduction/background

Explain the background to the research and how it came to being, name any previous articles used as the basis and explain why they are important, is the article building on previous work or aiming to resolve disagreements in previous studies, state the hypothesis being tested, what is the importance of the research question?

...

Cancer is one of the major diseases, which kills people. It is the most feared disease. People are terrified at the thought of it. The suffering for months or years, a cancer patient undergoes, before he dies, is a horrible experience even for those around him or her. The chemicals or toxins which cause cancer are called carcinogens. These include pesticides or herbicides, quasi-edible chemicals such as meat preservatives, color and flavor enhancers and artificial sweeteners, toxins in moldy foods and contaminants which are byproducts of industrial processes. People are afraid of carcinogens, entering their bodies. But, mere entering ...

Turning Around Obesity Epidemic

The number of people who are overweight is outnumbering those with healthy weight in most of the societies. The rate of growth of obese people is increasing at alarming proportions in many countries. The problem is seen in not only adults, but also in children. The healthy weight for a person is estimated by a parameter called Body Mass Index (BMI). It is the ratio of a person’s weight in kilograms and the square of his/her height in meters. The BMI not exceeding twenty five is considered as healthy. If the BMI is above twenty five, the person ...

NASA’s space program has yielded a number of spinoffs. From advances in medicine, engineering, transportation, public safety, consumer goods to other fields, NASA spinoffs have improved the quality of life for astronauts, as well as for ordinary citizens on earth (Inside 2016). One of NASA’s latest spinoff advances has been in the field of osteoporosis research and treatments (Inside 2016). NASA-inspired osteoporosis research will help prevent or minimize bone loss in future astronauts, elderly people, and even cancer patients. Already, scientists have discovered that astronauts require regular exercise and specially-formulated foods to help prevent bone loss. For ...

Final Test

Explain in general terms the process of DNA replication. The replication of the DNA starts when the double helix unwinds. Each of the two strands serves as the template using which the new DNA double helix strands are formed. The different bases on each of the two strands are then matched in order to form a new set of two strands. Each of the new strands partners with the parent strand to form a double helix (Roth 26).

Prophase – Chromatids are joined at the centromere. Spindle formation occurs. The separation of centrioles occurs in animal cells (Tobin and Jennie ...

According to Squire (2009), the altered respiratory pattern in AMPK KO neonatal mice has attracted a lot of scientific approaches to reach out to traditional answers. Knockout mice and transgenic models have however come up with relativity pyramids, which have been efficient enough in explaining why AMPK KO neonatal exhibit altered respiratory patterns(Bertoldo, et al., 2009). This paper bases its assertions on relevant literature to depict the how AMPK, out of its function as a fuel gauge, plays a critical role in the control of respiratory patterns in neonatal mice. AMPK protein kinase is a proposed energy regulator. ...

Description

The Rett syndrome is originally known as cerebroatrophic hyperammonemia. It is a rare genetic disorder which commonly affects women although there are cases where it could be found in male patients. It is considered as a postnatal neurological disorder which affects the grey matter of the brain. Rett syndrome is also considered as a progressive disorder which affects the development of the brain. It is also considered as one of the common cause of mental disorders among women. It occur about 1 in 10,000 births and it typically develops at age 6 to 18 months. The signs or ...

In 1872, the 22-year-old George Huntington presented a paper describing an elaborately outlined inheritance pattern of a disease, which during the time was referred to as "chorea." In his paper, which was presented at the Meigs and Mason Academy of Medicine at Ohio, George described all the features of the adult-onset form of the disorder and outlined the disease’s autosomal-dominant pattern of inheritance. Although the mechanism underlying the inheritance pattern of the disease was not understood until the rediscovery of Mendel’s works, his paper was so comprehensive that George Huntington quickly became widely acclaimed. In fact, he ...

Obesity is becoming a national epidemic. Over one-third of American adults, and seventeen percent of adolescents and children are currently classified as obese (Ogden et al., 2014). Studies have shown that being overweight leads to an increased rate of mortality from all causes (McTigue et al., 2006). To help combat this epidemic, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) released a pamphlet that can be used as a guide to make healthy eating choices and what an average meal should look like throughout the day (United States Department of Agriculture, 2015). The USDA has also released a website to ...

Why would a company choose to create an internal startup?

The internal startup enables the company to complete tasks with the greater speed compared to the typical environment of the large corporation. Again, it is always exempted from the parent company restrictions and rules and hence make easier in doing things quickly. Notably, it is the cheaper way to the innovation, execution, and fast market; it motivates the employees and offers the opportunity to differentiate items in the market (Honigmann, 2007). The long-term sustainability gives the company the opportunity to try and tests diverse business models and hence the policies and the process is not applicable forcing the need ...

Introduction

In recent decades, trends in diets tailored to promote weight loss have resulted in a significant increase in the intake of protein, particular in people with overweight and obesity issues. Accordingly, researchers have questioned the benefits or risks linked to the habitual consumption of “dietary protein in excess of recommended intakes” (Martin et al., 2005). In general, the primary concern has involved the possibility that diets rich in protein may increase hyperfiltration and, hence, exacerbate renal damage. Nevertheless, the potential link between protein-rich diets and renal damage has also been questioned due to an absence of adequate clinical evidence. ...

Vid30 complex participation in the degradation of CDC25 in yeast and their role in Ras/ cAMP/ PKA pathway

Background: Unicellular organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae in its total life cycle is exposed to diverse and changing nutrient conditions. Thus, in order to survive and achieve a competitive advantage, it has adapted itself such that it not only uses the wide range of available nutrient sources but also the sources that are nutrient rich. It mainly uses fructose and glucose by rapidly fermenting to alcohol. In response to these nutrient conditions, the intracellular trafficking transcription and turnover of protein from nutrient transporters (e.g. Hxts) get regulated. Therefore, when the availability of the glucose increases, the expression of low- ...

Consumer behavior incorporates the customers’ decision making process towards developing a positive buying behavior. The organizations that understand the consumer behavior of the customers, can enhance and modify their marketing strategies in order to influence the consumer behavior in such manner that the customers engage in the positive buying behavior (Solomon, 2014). The current paper enlightens the marketing strategies of McDonalds with respect to the consumer behavior that the organization has addressed in order to attract and retain its customers. McDonald’s mission is to become the favorite place for its customers to eat and drink and it is ...