Essays on Arthritis

Arthritis

Definition
Arthritis is the inflammation of one or more joints in a human being (Breedveld, & Combe, 2011). This results with the stiffness of the joints and constant pain. The condition is known to worsen with the age of the individual. There are two most common types of arthritis and these are rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
Osteoarthritis is caused by the wear and tear of the joint of the individuals on a normal scenario. Rheumatoid arthritis on the other hand is an autoimmune disorder. There are also various types of arthritis and these include those caused by uric acid crystals, Continue reading...

The human heart, which is roughly the size and shape of a man’s closed fist, contains 4 chambers and 4 valves. The 4 chambers of the heart that divide its internal cavity into four regions are the right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and the left ventricle. The atria constitute the upper chambers and the ventricles comprise the lower chambers. The two atria have thin walls and receive venal blood. Deoxygenated blood from the systemic veins is received by the right atrium. The left atrium receives blood which is oxygenated from the pulmonary veins. The two ventricles have Continue reading...

1: Family Genetic History (35 points):

2. Evaluation of family genetic history (25 points)
The provided family genetic history has created an ultimate point of reference on my feature health. A proper diagnosis of my family heath profile will enable me, my siblings and the extended family to make positive decisions towards economic growth and human development. It is true that the health of my lineage has had several challenges of different dimensions with each generation posing closely related characteristics. For instance, my paternal grandfather and one of my father’s siblings died of brain tumor. My father died from liver cirrhosis just like my Continue reading...

Introduction on Osteoarthritis

Being the most common type of joint disease, osteoarthritis affects up to 20 million persons in the United States. This joint inflammation results from degeneration of cartilage whose causes range from aging, injury from trauma or disease to obesity. Pain in the affected joints on repetitive use is the most common symptom of osteoarthritis. In essence therefore, the goal to the treatment and management of osteoarthritis is to eliminate inflammation and joint pain while maintaining and improving the function of the joints. Non-pharmacologic interventions in place include unloading certain joints, occupational therapy, physical therapy, weight loss, exercise, heat and Continue reading...

Introduction

Arthritis, osteoporosis, and chronic back conditions have conjoint effects to the life quality of the patient, the daily activities, and the ability to work. As a way of preserving the life quality of those with these conditions, it is necessary to develop ways in which we will be able to evade the adverse effects acquired upon procuring such conditions. By employing the use of advocacy campaigns strategies that include media advocacy, social marketing, and community organization, it ostensible that we will outdo the adverse effects resultant from the above mentioned conditions. In relation to this, this paper will essentially Continue reading...

The aim of the article is to reduce the chances of musculoskeletal conditions among individuals through reduction of impairment, occurrence, and limitation in the social participation and, and functional limitations. This enhances reduction of osteoporosis and fractures that occur because of increased intake of calcium. Chronic back conditions, osteoporosis, and arthritis affect the ability of individuals to work, the quality of life and the daily activities of human beings. There are many types of arthritis, which are accompanied with chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Interventions that treat pain are important in helping the people with Continue reading...

Osteoarthritis commonly referred to as (OA) is caused by obesity, injury and by aging joints. The symptoms for this condition include stiffness and joint pain. Treatment for this involves exercise and medication depending on the affected joint such as the hip, knee, back, wrist, hand and neck. OA is a very common form of arthritis and stands as a leading cause of chronic disability in the U.S. The condition in present day has affected about 1.9 million people in Australia, 27 million in the United States and 8 million in the United Kingdom.

Databases

#1 DatabaseTitle of source: Prevention of Continue reading...

Rheumatoid Arthritis, which is the most common type of chronic inflammatory arthritis, can affect any organ system. What causes Rheumatoid Arthritis is still unknown. Genetic susceptibility combined with an external trigger, such as infection, smoking, and trauma, is theorized to cause the disease expression. It is believed that these external triggers cause an autoimmune reaction, resulting in chronic joint inflammation and synovial hypertrophy along with other manifestations (Hammer and McPhee, 2014). It has been observed that the patients of Rheumatoid Arthritis have higher levels of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibody titers and virus-infected B cells than the general people. Continue reading...

Coping with depression connected to rheumatoid arthritis

What is depression?
Depression is essentially feeling ‘down’. It is a severe mood state that may affect the general state of mind. This usually comes about as a result of encountering a stressful condition or failing to meet one’s expectations in life as expected of them by the society or just at an individual level. Chronic lifestyle illnesses have been largely associated with such cases of anxiety and depression and so patients with rheumatic arthritis have been faced with the same condition. The nature of the disease incapacitates the patients and makes them fully dependant on others. This Continue reading...

LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AND MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

INTRODUCTION
SLE and Multiple Sclerosis both being autoimmune conditions, still show lot of diversities in their clinical manifestations. SLE is now also termed as Connective Tissue Disease to avoid confusion with other related diseases. Whereas Multiple Sclerosis is more of an inflammatory disease affecting the Central Nervous System.
*Prevalence of SLE : 30 in 100000 in Caucasians to 200/100000 in Afro-Carribeans
*Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis: 120 in 100000 (in UK)
*Gender Distribution : Both the diseases are commoner in women than in men

ETIOLOGY OF THE DISEASES

Predisposing factors of SLE:
- Genetic predisposition
- Cigarette smoking
- Oestrogen pill consumption by post Continue reading...

[Institution Title]

Care Plan Template

Patient Initials: Not Applicable Age: 60 y/o Sex: Male
Subjective Data:
HPI (History of Present Illness): Patient said that the abdominal pain started the day before. Although patient admitted to experiencing similar discomfort in the past, patient did not experience this kind of pain which he rated as 10 from last night. In the past, the pain would only last for a couple of hours unlike this time which has not been relieved despite 24 hours had already passed. Patient also admits to experiencing nausea but has not vomited despite feeling nauseous. For the past two Continue reading...

Abstract

Fibromyalgia is an illness or disorder that affects about 2-5 % of the world’s population and that that is characterized by musculoskeletal pain and general muscle stiffness. One of the suggested methods of treating this disorder is massage therapy. This paper aims to conduct a comprehensive literature review on the use of massage therapy as an effective intervention technique of Fibromyalgia. The paper will commence with a brief introduction that explains the basics of the disorder. This will then be followed by a comprehensive literature review of various article publications that have touched on the subject. The review will Continue reading...

The title of the research being analysed in this case is called EBSCOhost. For an individual to retrieve articles or rather utilize the use of this database, he or she can follow this link (http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/search/selectdb?sid=5f9d48a6-0f00-4226-98a5-2ba339557b87%40sessionmgr4001&vid=1&hid=4104). Upon following the above link, a researcher can go further and choose from the various options depending on the field or rather the subject of his or her research since the database has sections.
The source of the article chosen and entitled Patient preferences for adherence to treatment for osteoarthritis: the MEdication Decisions in Osteoarthritis Study (MEDOS) is "BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders". From the Continue reading...

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Introduction
Gout is an arthritis that causes severe pain in the joints. It causes the joints to swell up and cause a lot of pain. The body makes a chemical named Uric acid. This is present in the blood. In normal cases, majority of this uric acid is passed out from the body through urine and stool. However, for the people those have the condition of gout, the level of uric acid created by the body increases. This increase in production of uric acid causes small crystals Continue reading...

Acupuncture is a component of the traditional Chinese medicine. It is also categorized under complementary and alternative medicine – medical practices that are not part of the standard care. Acupuncture is used to describe a collection of processes, which involve skin penetration using needles. These processes stimulate certain points on the body. The mode of action of acupuncture is based on the theory that the functions of the body are under the regulation of an energy ‘Qi’. Under normal body conditions, this energy flows through the body, and any disruption of flow causes disease. Acupuncture, therefore, aims to rectify the Continue reading...

Foods have been used for therapeutic purposes in similarity to medicines and herbs; though in foods have milder therapeutic properties in comparison to herbs and medicines, though food’s have stronger nutrient properties. Hippocrates said "Let your food be your medicine, and your medicine be your food" (“greekmedicine”).  Food is Therapeutic and this has been proved after decades of clinical knowledge.

Foods and their Therapeutic Properties

Prunes and Figs are great for constipation therapy, Citrus fruits are contraindicated for certain kinds of rheumatism and arthritis, Watermelons is diuretic therapy for urinary gravel, sand and obstruction. Peaches and plums are useful laxatives for loosening bowels Continue reading...

- Situation Acceptance
Injuries and accidents among the old have been increasing in the current decade (Curie, 2008). The main cause has been associated with dementia and arthritis which leads to weakening of old people’s joint.
- Arthritis
The question on whether arthritis is a big menace to old people has been ringing minds of technologists and scientist because they have been thinking of how they can improve lives of old people especially when they climb staircases. Arthritis is a dangerous disease that has affected lives of many old people in almost all parts of the world (Arthritis Continue reading...

Bipedalism means a creature moves using its two rear limbs or legs. Human bipedalism is unique due to its striding gait. Bipedalism relates to graphic designs. This is because in graphic design it involves the walking cycle technique. The computer software is used to draw the animations which are made in sequences in order to create a character that is walking. This is just the same as how the human body works that enables people to have different careers.
The two phases of the walking cycles are the stance and the swing. The stance takes about 60 percent of Continue reading...

The Western Australian Arthritis & Rheumatism Foundation (WAARF) is a non-profit organization based in Australia which was initiated in the year 1972 by Dr. Phyllis Goatcher, Evan Owen and Roger Dawkins. In the year 1991, it changed its name to the current form. Its formation objectives were care, education, research to reduce incidences and effects of arthritis and other musculoskeletal diseases. At first, it lacked a home and operated at a grant home in Murray St. offered by ANZ Bank. In 1994, the organization held a Capital Fundraising Appeal and managed to construct a Resource Center which was named after Continue reading...

Paracetamol is the most widely used over the counter pain reliever (analgesic) and fever reducer (antipyretic) in the world. It is considered a mild pain killers and most use it as a pain reliever for headaches and other relatively mild pains. I have personally used paracetamol in various instances of headaches and a fever and have experience with the drug. I only use it to treat the mentioned conditions.

In the ancient medieval are, antipyretic agents were sourced from the barks of trees in the white willow. In the 1880s, the cinchona tree that was also a source of Continue reading...

Introduction

This research paper compares and contrasts the views of professionals with respect to fibromyalgia; whether it is of psychological or physical nature / origin. Having conducted the following research and studied the views of others, especially those who we would all hope should know – the medical professionals, the view of this researcher is that fibromyalgia is more psychological in nature, even though that opinion is changed considerably from the view that was almost universally held in less enlightened times, when referring to a condition as having psychological causes was interpreted as implying the person was suffering from a mental Continue reading...

Introduction

Rheumatic fever (RF), or acute rheumatic fever (ARF), is an autoimmune complication caused by the human-specific bacterial pathogen group A (B-hemolytic) streptococcus (GAS), Streptococcus pyogenes. S. pyogenes is a Gram-positive aerobic bacterium that is coccoid or spherical in shape and usually occurs in pairs or chains. It produces hemolysin that forms a clear zone around the colonies when grown on blood agar. It has been designated as part of group A via Lancefield serotyping because it displays the carbohydrate antigen A on its cell wall. It is non acid-fast, non-spore forming, and may or may not have capsules. It Continue reading...

Alternative medicine is the term given for medicinal products or services that are not a part of a standard medical care. It means nonstandard treatments that can be used along with the standard treatment. Some examples of alternative medicine are herbal medicines, acupuncture, chiropractic medicine, energy therapies, magnetic field therapy, hypnosis, Reiki, Ayurveda, Chinese Medicine, Traditional Medicine, and healing touch therapies (National Institute of Health, n.d.). These have been around for many years, but in literature, there is a support as well as controversy surrounding it. In some cases, there has been considerable research done while in some other Continue reading...

1. Introduction
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that potentially affects many tissues and organs of the human body. Amongst the tissues that may become affected are: the skin, blood vessels, heart, lungs and muscles. However, the joints are the primary sites of infection and if left untreated it may results in the destruction of articular cartilage (Robbins, 2008, p.1237). This disease is a condition that affects the physical, societal and financial aspects of the patient's life (Croon et al, 2004).2. What is the aetiology of the injury?
The etiology of RA is unclear and many Continue reading...

UniversityRheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease more common in women than men. It is an inflammatory disorder of the joints especially in the hands and legs which becomes chronic over time. The joints become tender and cause inflammation that could lead to serious disability which might also lead to death in some cases (Aletaha et al, 2010).

Etiology of Rheumatoid arthritis

The etiology of the disease has not been clearly understood so far. RA condition manifests itself when the components of the autoimmune system losses control and attack specific tissues in the body as they fail to distinguish between the tissues in Continue reading...

The morning cup of coffee and all its varieties, is under a constant scrutiny for its impacts on health and cognition of consumers. Various studies have tried to showcase the effects of caffeine on the functioning of human body; in the present essay we will discuss some of the health benefits of coffee based on existing scientific research. Coffee is derived from the dried, roasted, and crushed seeds of the coffee plant. Coffee beans are rich in caffeine, antioxidants and various other phytochemicals. Studies show that the phytochemicals derived from coffee play a significant role in lowering neurodegenerative disease Continue reading...

- The Global Problem of Cardiovascular Disease

Introduction

Cardiovascular disease is a major global health problem that continues claiming the lives of many people. The disease requires a special attention of the global organizations because if they do not address it with immediacy, it threatens to kill more people in the future. The current projections show that by 2030, the cardiovascular disease shall claim more than 23.3 million lives each year (Global status report on non-communicable diseases 2010 p.1). In the united states of America, The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) explains that one out of four women Continue reading...

Critical analysis

Acupuncture is a unique alternative therapy in which acupoints on the skin are stimulated using various methods with the aim of treating a host of conditions including pain relief. In this paper, I analyze three articles with a special focus on the following components: mechanism of action, therapy, treatment, side effects, contraindications and usefulness in practice.
The articles under review have been authored by Martin et al. (2006), Rebhorn et al. (2012) and Hutchinson et al. (2012). Hutchinson et al. (2012) conducted a systematic review in order to evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture in the management of chronic non-specific Continue reading...

Pain: State in which the individual experiences and communicates the presence of severe discomfort or an uncomfortable feeling.

Related factors: Pain resulting from musculoskeletal disorder; in this case, osteoarthritis; immobility

Features: Verbal communication of pain descriptors, level 8-9 pain reported by patient

Evidence: Mrs. Hardy experiences great knee pain when climbing stairs, a symptom associated with her osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis cannot be cured, but pain can be controlled.

The primary client-centred goal for Mrs. Hardy is pain management (Bijlsma, Berenbaum and Lafeber, 2011). Expected measurable outcome is that Mrs. Hardy will experience relief of pain as evidenced by Mrs. Hardy’s verbal report.

Nursing-Centred Healthcare Goals

Plan: Provide Pain Relief
Intervention 1: Assess Characteristics of Pain
The first nursing intervention is Continue reading...

Fibromyalgia is a condition characterized by widespread of chronic pain and allodynia, which is a painful and heightened response to pressure on the skin. The reported cases of the disease in the clinics are the main source of determining the prevalence of the disease. These studies have indicated a very high prevalence of the disease. However, the clinical sources that are used in representing the distribution, as well as the disease characteristics do not give a better representation of the whole population.
It is for this reason that Frederick Wolfe and other researchers decided to undertake a study on Continue reading...

INTRODUCTION

Soft drink is also popularly known as soda, soda pop and pop. They are usually non-alcoholic but contain carbonated gases. Regular soft drinks contain fructose and diet soft drinks contain aspartame instead of fructose. Aspartame is 160 times sweeter than sugar. Fructose has been associated with high visceral fat accumulation in mice, which ultimately results in obesity. Obesity does not just mean being overweight, but also means the person is at risk of hypertension, heart problems, high blood pressure, fatty liver syndrome and is at risk of developing diabetes. Studies show soda drinks corrode the calcium out of the Continue reading...

Analysis of NSAIDs non-selective take (Ibuprofen and Naproxen)

Health impact of many diseases leaves a potential consequence on the quality of life (QOL). The frequency at which such impact occurs could vary from one disease condition to the other. Affected individuals need to encounter physical and psychological distress. However, scientific advancements have made a progress in alleviating such problems. Especially, pharmaceutical science has become a reliable branch to cater the needs of people who suffer from illnesses. Understanding the efficacy and other properties of various drugs is important for the better therapeutic application of pharmacy. In such context, the present description deals with highlighting about Analysis of Continue reading...

Intervention Plan

Intervention plan 2
- List areas of weakness in occupational performance for Ms. T
Ms.T faces shoulder and wrist aches when she is teaching at the school, be it while writing on the blackboard, or just trying to hold a book. She faces troubles in knitting, and playing cards, due to the same problem. Her physical agility is very weak, and she takes a long time to do her household chores. She is also having trouble in walking without support, and turning about the bed every night. She faces trouble in the toilet too. Her capability to bathe the Continue reading...

Moderate physical activity can definitely improve the quality of people’s lives, regardless of age and gender. Exercising can be a powerful ally in reducing the risks of developing health conditions like Type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease, among others. Apart from one’s physical well-being, regular exercise can also promote one’s mental health.
Habitual exercising is a highly sought-after goal for many people trying to adopt a healthy lifestyle, and it is believed that 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise every day for five days per week is an acceptable and effective way to ensure a healthy Continue reading...

Lesson 2.1

- What are the red flags of back pain that must be considered in the management of any patient?

The red flag symptom is pain. The details are antecedents of minor or major pain, MVA occurrence or heavy lifting (Bigos et al. 1994; Jackson & Browning, 2005; Chou et al., 2007; Leerar et al., 2007). The red flag symptom is chronological age. There is an augmented hazard of cancer resulting from aortic aneurysm (Bigos et al. 1994; Jackson & Browning, 2005; Chou et al., 2007; Leerar et al., 2007). The red flag is antecedents of cancer. There is the possibility of Continue reading...

Fitness is a term with many definitions all of which are interrelating. One of the definitions I that it is the state of being well, with the ability to take part in physical exercises and have low risk of problems relating to health. Another definition is the characteristics people get or achieve and are in relation to taking part in physical activities. Fitness is important for human health as it increases body’s efficiency as well as effectiveness and it is through enough rest, good exercise and proper nutrition which result to quality life.
Physical fitness through exercises improves Continue reading...

Literature Review:

The Efficacy of Bisphosphonates in the Treatment of Osteoporosis in Post-Menopausal Women

Abstract

This paper discusses some of the literature that explores the efficacy of bisphosphonates in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis among post-menopausal women. This is to determine the ways by which the quality of life of osteoporosis patients can be improved, as advocated by the Healthy People 2020 program. While studies have shown that bisphosphonates are effective in preventing and treating osteoporosis, caution should still be taken with regards to its prolonged use. With this, advanced practice nurses can contribute significantly to the proper administration of Continue reading...

Healthy eating and proper nutrition are tasks becoming more and more difficult in Western culture’s fast-food based environment. Obesity in the American public is a growing issue that over the last two decades have turned into nothing short of a global epidemic. Research nutritionists agree that the root cause of American obesity is caused by over consumption of sugar, fat and salt. Sugar and its counterparts of high fructose syrup and corn syrup are the worst perpetrators of this issue and the root causes of the obesity epidemic. Globalization of economies has led to a reduction in the Continue reading...

[Institution Title]

Care Plan Template

Patient Initials: N/A Age: 60 yrs. old Sex: MAle
Subjective Data:
HPI (History of Present Illness): Patient has been experiencing heartburn during the past 2 weeks. Patient said to experience heartburn after eating. It is relieved after a few hour or after taking over the counter antacid. According to patient, the pain seems to progress. It started in the umbilical region and is now diffused. Patient said that he was partly relieved after sitting down. However, the pain has become unbearable that he rated it 10 during the actual attack.
PMH (Past Medical History—include current Continue reading...

Meadowbank TAFE

HLTAP501A/B/C Analyze Health Information
HLTCOM510B Provide Services to Clients with Chronic Disease or Conditions
PATHOLOGY ASSIGNMENT
–ASTHMA–
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic problem that influences lung function. Clinically asthma is identified by the variation in expiratory airflow and abnormal respiratory symptoms such as wheezing, chest congestion, cough, and shortness of breath. The aetiology of asthma is linked to a mixture of genetic and environmental factors, though; heredity or atopy also plays a role in asthma. Asthma is categorized into two types: extrinsic (allergic) and intrinsic (nonallergic). Allergic asthma is an outcome of the reaction of an antibody in the Continue reading...