Essays on Arthritis

Introduction

Juanita Perez is an 84-year old Filipino woman who lives in Los Angeles, California, and who has recently lost her husband of 60 years. She came to the agency, seeking help on how she can deal with the grief and loss, as she has been having a difficult time coping with it. In the sixty years that they were married, they have never been apart. Juanita is a practicing Catholic whose primary language is Filipino and manages to speak a little English. She and her husband came to the United Striates as a result of the petition for immigration ...

Part 1

Chronic diseases are the leading cause of deaths occurring in the country as far as the current statistics are concerned. The most common chronic diseases include; stroke, heart disease, cancer, obesity, diabetes and arthritis (CDC, 2016). Statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicate that about 117 million people of the total adult population have at least one chronic disease (CDC, 2016). This statistic translates to one in every four adults having, at least, one chronic condition (CDC, 2016). In 2010, seven out of 10 disease-related death cases were as a result of chronic diseases (CDC, ...

Integrated Perspective Studies

The case study of Merck/Vioxx case is highly significant in explaining in a practical view how causation and correlation arguments can affect and give impacts in legal claims. It is an indication of how ability or failure to understand the causality and correlation in an event or a case can impact defining a case (Pearl, 2010). This case can, therefore, be argued at different dimensions to define it in favour of or against the defendant. In this case study and as pleaded guilty for, it is quite clear that Merck had committed an offense which is probably civil offense ...

Body Systems

The 10 possible terms that might be involved in this case are: Muscular fatigue (Debility of muscles to generate force due to excessive spraining). Fibromyalgia (Situation of muscular stiffness and localized tenderness at specific points). Osteoarthritis (Situation of Severe joint pain and stiffness due to aging and body weight). Rheumatoid arthritis (Disease causing inflammation of joints causing pain and deformity) Tendinitis (Disease causing severe inflammation of tendons, which link muscles to bones). Spasm (Situation of sudden muscular contraction or that of a convulsive movement). Muscular Sprain (Accidental situation leading to torn or stretched ligaments). Hypertonia (Situation of abnormal increase ...

Question 1

One would need to know the period for which the pain has been ongoing. One would also need to know from the patient if he has had a physical injury to his knee in the recent past. One would also need to know if the patient has been involved in some strenuous exercise recently.

Question 2

Magnetic resonance imaging would also need to be carried out to determine where there is damage to other joint tissues. Fluid would also be acquired from the knee joint for microscopic scrutiny to conclude whether the pain is resulting from a bacterial infection or from ...

There is a lot to admire from the migrant community residing in Collier County. For a fact, the society is primarily comprised of farm workers that spend most of their days attempting to make their lives better. It is essential to note that the community is mainly comprised of citizens with a low financial profile. In fact, this is the primary reason for their migration from their native nations. Generally, the entire community is comprised of citizens of a Hispanic descent that have a formidable belief in religion (Coalition of Immokalee Workers, 2016). This assertion can be established through ...

Abstract

Both quantitative and qualitative research are equally important for the studying any discipline as they allow see the subject from different perspectives. In her article, Susan Peck turns to quantitative research with the purpose of determining whether therapeutic touch really helps elders with arthritis to maintain or improve their functional ability. The research is based on a solid theoretical basis, as the author tries to understand the intervention of TT by addressing the Roger’s theory. The quantitative research of the author is indeed sizeable. Therefore, only 108 of 60, 000 entered research, with more than twenty dropping out ...

Endless pain is a noteworthy general wellbeing issue in the United States. One in four Americans, or 116 million individuals, have some type of determined agony. Perpetual agony causes gigantic human languishing over its casualties, their families, and society overall. The Institute of Medicine's report evaluated that expenses of giving restorative care and lost profitability because of agony are $560 to $625 billion dollars every year (National Academies Press, 2011). This dollar sum surpassed the joined expenses of coronary illness, diabetes, and disease.The part of the Occupational Therapist (OT) is to offer patients some assistance with improving or keep ...

(Institution Name)

Introduction:

Occupational therapy is for mentally, physically or cognitively disordered people whose daily living is assessed in order to improve their lifestyles and ease of living. Chronic pains are responsible for the derailment of several individuals and families because the affected person becomes disabled to carry out his or her own tasks and hence the dependability wastes time and money of the caregivers. The real problem in the case of chronic pains is that the affected people lose control over their activities but through occupational therapy, this control can be increased or even restored (AOTA, 2016). However, occupational ...

Introduction

The research is typically based on the research questions. Punch (1998) identifies the main reasons for setting a research question. The research questions help to organize and direct a study, and keep the researcher focused; they set the boundaries and framework for the project, and designate the data necessary for the project. The research has to provide the reliable results and conclusions, irrespective of the area. Therefore, scientific and social research have to be based on the real-life data and the appropriate data processing methods. The data should be obtained using the procedure of statistical sampling and tested for ...

Knee Osteoarthritis is a degenerative non-inflammatory affection of the knee joint, and is characterized by damage to the articular cartilage and by formation of new bones called osteophytes. Though both men and women are susceptible to osteoarthritis, the incidence is higher in post-menopausal women. This paper is an analysis of the beneficial effects of non-pharmacological interventions over pharmacological interventions, in treating knee osteoarthritis. Exercises and physiotherapy are the nonpharmacological intervention applied in treating osteoarthritis. The National Institute of Health Research, University of York, conducted a systematic review and metaanalysis of case controlled studies, that were published across the world, ...

Osteoarthritis is a common disease affecting many across the world, especially, the elderly (65 years and above).It is usually caused by the wearing out of the cartilage located on the bone ends (Hochberg et al., 2012). The disease is usually associated with mild symptoms in its benign stages and with time, progress to severe levels which are characterized by debilitating symptoms such as pain within the affected joints, stiffness, tenderness, grating sensation and bone spurs (Loeser et al., 2012). Osteoarthritis has got no cure but symptoms can be managed through lifestyle modification and use of pharmacological approaches (Berenbaum, ...

The CAM therapies are known all over the world as alternative medical treatment which is built upon centuries’ long theory and practice. Nowadays CAM therapies are becoming instrumental in the health care system and widely used among the doctors, who often combine them with conventional medicine to achieve better results. Among various CAM therapies, osteopathy appears to be the one of the most efficient. Such a method of manual therapy has its proponents and opponents and has been widely discussed for the last few centuries. The purpose of this article consists in considering and clarifying the history, methods, advantages ...

A Diet After All

Revised Article:

Older people who are struggling with excess weight or obesity are often pressurized by family and friends to take up diets resulting in intentional weight loss. However, a recent study has revealed that weight loss among the elderly may not necessarily prolong their lifespan. Never the less, the researchers who published their findings in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition also noted that there is no apparent harm in weight reduction either.

Weight loss among older citizens has traditionally been a cause of concern as it is often a symptom of ...

DHEA:

Dehydroepiandrosterone, or DHEA, is a hormone the human body produces via the adrenal glands, which are above the kidneys. The exact effect of DHEA is not yet fully identified; however, it is believed to be a precursor of the female and male sex hormones, namely estrogen and testosterone, among others. Precursors are substances that the body converts into hormones.

The production of DHEA usually reaches its peak around the mid-20s and declines ever after. The same applies to estrogen and testosterone, whose production also declines with age. For that reason, if an individual wants to increase their hormone levels, it ...

Diabetes is a burning issue all over the world. World health organization has shown concerns on the prevalence and incidents of diabetes. In USA, 29.1 million people or 9.3% of the population; diagnosed or undiagnosed have diabetes. (CDC, 2012). As per National Diabetes Fact Sheet, 2011 215, 000 people in USA have type-I or type-II diabetes. Thus, diabetes is a disease penetrating all age groups. Treatment of diabetes has a few advancement in the recent past. Apart from general oral hypoglycemic agents and injectable insulin there are islet transplantation surgeries also available for diabetes. There is a wide scope of treatment of diabetes ...

Introduction

Arthritis is a type of joint disorder involving the inflammation of the joints. It can affect one or more joints. Arthritis is commonly used as a general term referring to many types of illnesses all leading to the degeneration or inflammation of the joint. There are very many forms of arthritis illness. Osteoarthritis, being the most common form of arthritis (VanItallie, 2010). It is a degenerative disease of the joints which is as a result of age, trauma to the joint or infection to the joint. Another form of arthritis is rheumatoid arthritis. Joint pain is the main complainant by people suffering from ...

The Rotator Cuff - Overview

As defined in the article “Rotator Cuff Injury and Inflammation” the rotator cuff is in the shoulder joint, and comprises four muscles called: Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Subscapularis, and Teres minor respectively. They are illustrated in Figure 1 below, reproduced from the same article: (Reproduced from “Rotator Cuff Injury and Inflammation”) As described in the referenced article, these muscles function together to help the movement of the shoulder joint and stabilise it.

Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention of Rotator Cuff Injuries

According to Wedro and Stöppler (Ed.) in their article “Rotator Cuff Disorders” (n.d.), the usual cause of a problem ...

The case of James a 48 year old male is a case of a patient with DVT but with little information. This man is a lawn tennis player with some issues that made him visit the emergency room and had the boot placed on him for 4 weeks duration. It was after that episode of medical management that he noticed a form of ankle to calf swelling on one of the legs. The swelling was really abnormal in terms of size hence he needs to see the doctor urgently. Despite swelling and the test such as ultrasound done, the extent of severity to him ...

VENOUS STASIS ULCER

Venous stasis ulcers commonly occur in the legs due to venous insufficiency or poor venous blood drainage. Veins of the legs have valves in then which ensures a proper unidirectional flow of blood towards heart. In venous stasis, these valves are damaged, thus the venous blood accumulates in the legs instead of being pumped upwards. A prolonged pooling of blood in the leg leads to increased pressure in the affected area thus causing a break in the skin and causing ulcers. The causes for venous stasis could be smoking, occupations requiring prolonged hours of standing, obesity or deep vein thrombosis.

Clinical ...

In order to compare sexuality in teen magazines today and compare that with teen magazines of three decades ago, I selected the current issue of the contemporary magazine M Magazine (March, 2014), a magazine directed at teens. To have a standard of comparison, I read a back issue of Seventeen from December 1977.

M Magazine seems to have more sexually charged articles than other articles. If one were reading M Magazine in order to get a grasp of contemporary teenage culture, they would be likely to conclude that teens of today are interested in: what celebrities are doing, who they are dating, tips ...

Patient Advantage. (2009). Proposal for a pilot study to identify cost saving measures in management of muskuloskeletal conditions. Patient Advantage.

The proposal gives details the methodology, objectives and expected outcomes of a pilot project aimed at identifying the opportunities for saving cost in the management of musculoskeletal problems, with a particular focus on myofascial pain. The literature reviewed in the proposal identifies myofascial pain as a major underlying factor in many cases of chronic musculoskeletal pain and yet it is grossly under diagnosed and under treated. This justifies the need for the study using the action research modality. The proposal identifies different methods used to measure the cost of healthcare which include direct costs, indirect costs, claims cost and goes on to ...

Annotated Bibliography Elder Adult Care

Chang, H. J. (2009). Preventive Care for Older Adults. AMA'S Journal of Ethics Vol 302, No. 24, 1.

According to this article, the population of older people in the United States at the age of 65 years is expected to be at 20 percent by 2030. The author stipulates that the risk of mortality will be determined by an individual’s ability to carry out daily chores necessary to accomplish basic needs. The author of the article lists some recommended preventive measures that can be carried out on adults and people over the age of 65 years. For ...

1. As we know bone is a hard tissue so in comparison to other tissues the vascularization and how it gets nutrients in general is unique and different from any other part of human body. A bone is blood supplied by three different systems, these are: Nutrient artery, Periosteal vessel, and epiphyseal vessels. The first layer covering any bone tissue is periosteum. Periosteum is a thin membrane, covering the outer surfaces of all bones. It contains an extensive network of blood vessels, and it’s small branches penetrate into the bone through minute channels, these branches supply the outer ⅓ of cortex. ...

Answers

- The differences between the cardiovascular diseases and the coronary heart diseases

The major differences between these two types of diseases relates to the vascular components of the cardiovascular system. This simply means that the cardiovascular diseases do not only involve the heart alone but also involves all the heart linked vessels. i.e all arteries, veins and lymphatics found to be associated with the heart and blood passes to and from the heart. However, the coronary heart diseases only relate to the vessels that are within the heart itself and supply the heart itself and also the muscles of ...

The 46-year-old female patient reports pain and discomfort in her right ankle. Because she can still bear her weight on the ankle, it is possible to conclude it is not fractured. The most likely cause is strenuous physical activity, which resulted in an ankle sprain. Other diagnoses I should take in account include Achilles tendinitis, plantar fasciitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and calcaneal spur because they can all be triggered by physical trauma (Seller & Symons, 2012).

When collecting the patient’s medical history, it is important to focus on previous athletic injuries and previous instances of painful joints because that ...

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a condition characterized by stiffness, non-restorative sleep, chronic fatigue, and widespread musculoskeletal pain. The pain is persistent when the tender points are palpated, but unlike myofascial pain, the patients do not complain about burning pain localized in specific sites (LeBlond, Brown, & DeGowin, 2009). FM is diagnosed by palpating 18 standardized tender points, which are bilaterally distributed on the anterior and posterior sides, and the diagnosis is concluded if the patient experiences pain in at least 11 points (Arcangelo & Peterson, 2013). Although the exact cause of FM is unknown, many healthcare providers and researchers consider it a ...

Indirect Health care cost of obesity

Total Cost of obesity

In this research presentation the author will discuss how obesity in United States of America impact health care costs. This topic will be approached from the perspective of direct and indirect costs. Direct cost is related to treating obesity as a health disorder in itself without accompanying complications. Indirect costs emerge from associating medical conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, heart failure and arthritis among other serious diseases medical science is now discovering. These add up to what can be considered the total health care costs of obesity in United States of America.

Research Paper: Impact of Obesity on Health Care Costs

Introduction

Obesity in United ...

Biology of Disease

Mode of action of;- Dexamethasone The Glucocorticoid receptors are discovered intracellularly in all tissues. They enter cells through inactive dispersion and structure a complex with a receptor protein (Rhodes & Hartnoll, 2002, P.10). This intricate then experiences an irreversible enactment and enters the cell core, where it ties to the DNA, hence prompting organic impacts instigated by these hormones, which include expanded hepatic gluconeogenesis, as well as expanded lipolysis (Ahmed, 2007, P.13). Dexamethasone is utilized to treat numerous provocative and immune system conditions, for example, rheumatoid joint pain and bronchospasm. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, an abatement in quantities of ...

Interview of the older adult

For this work I decided to describe a woman at the age of 63. For convenience’s sake I’ll call her Martha. She has normal constitution and doesn’t have bad habits (like smoking) or serious problems with health. Martha has technical education and worked in the specialty after graduation. She changed several jobs after it. The woman is still working in an educational institution. Before it she worked as a tailor for about 10 years. Today Martha also sews, but it’s just a hobby now. She is married for more than 40 years and has two adult children. Martha ...

You will not get wrinkles if you regularly do yoga exercises. This statement or useful advice you may have heard from many yogis or your yoga instructor. In fact, this statement is true as yoga increases the stretching ability of your muscles and your body becomes more elastic and beautiful, as well. Yoga is the only exercise that not only shapes up your body, but also cures many diseases. In yoga, you will find many “asana or yoga poses” that stimulate our internal organs,and they perform their function in much better way. Like “tritone asana” that stimulate ...

Soft tissue injuries of the handCarpal tunnel Syndrome. Carpal tunnel syndrome is an arm disorder that causes tingling, numbness and other indications. Carpal tunnel syndrome is associated with a pinched nerve in the wrist. Factors that can contribute to the carpal tunnel syndrome are; patterns of hand use, anatomy of one's wrist or certain health risk factors. Bound by tendons and bones, carpal tunnel is a thin pathway that is situated on the palm flank of the wrist. That passageway protects the main nerve from the hand and tendons that bend the limbs. The compression of the nerve is what produces ...

French comedy, like comedy of any specific region, has a wide range of subjects and styles from which to draw – some comedies rely more on the physical and slapstick, while others relate more to character-based humor and the everyday absurdity of human interaction. Two French comedies from the 90s and early 2000s encapsulate this divide quite well – 1993’s Les Visiteurs and 2000’s Le Gout des Autres (The Taste of Others). Visiteurs is a goofy, fantastical fish-out-of-water story about a knight and his squire (played by Jean Reno and co-writer Christian Clavier), who find themselves transported from 1123 to 1993 France ...

Arthritis

Definition Arthritis is the inflammation of one or more joints in a human being (Breedveld, & Combe, 2011). This results with the stiffness of the joints and constant pain. The condition is known to worsen with the age of the individual. There are two most common types of arthritis and these are rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is caused by the wear and tear of the joint of the individuals on a normal scenario. Rheumatoid arthritis on the other hand is an autoimmune disorder. There are also various types of arthritis and these include those caused by uric acid crystals, ...

Justification for the choice of the topic

The topic was arrived at following to extensive consultation of the available literature on the costs incurred by insurance firms in the treatment of musculoskeletal issues. Having read the available literature, the following conclusions were arrived at: to begin with, one of two adults in the United States of America currently suffers from a musculoskeletal condition. 7.4% of the nation’s budget is dedicated to the treatment and management of musculoskeletal conditions. With a population that is aging fast and a sedentary lifestyle, the burden of musculoskeletal care is expected to rise with time. Insurance firms have to bear the bulk of ...

The human heart, which is roughly the size and shape of a man’s closed fist, contains 4 chambers and 4 valves. The 4 chambers of the heart that divide its internal cavity into four regions are the right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and the left ventricle. The atria constitute the upper chambers and the ventricles comprise the lower chambers. The two atria have thin walls and receive venal blood. Deoxygenated blood from the systemic veins is received by the right atrium. The left atrium receives blood which is oxygenated from the pulmonary veins. The two ventricles have thicker ...

1: Family Genetic History (35 points):

2. Evaluation of family genetic history (25 points) The provided family genetic history has created an ultimate point of reference on my feature health. A proper diagnosis of my family heath profile will enable me, my siblings and the extended family to make positive decisions towards economic growth and human development. It is true that the health of my lineage has had several challenges of different dimensions with each generation posing closely related characteristics. For instance, my paternal grandfather and one of my father’s siblings died of brain tumor. My father died from liver cirrhosis just like ...

A physical impairment refers to a dysfunction that limits an individual’s ability to move. Physical impairments limit the academic capability of individuals. In addition, physical impairments are either acquired or congenital. Impairments are medicinally diagnosed. In contrast, disability depicts an individual’s limitation or loss of an opportunity to get involved in the usual community life on the same level with the rest because of social or physical hindrances. The definition of a physical impairment relates to the perceptions of the society regarding an individual’s potential. The unequal circumstances and classification of people guided by their physical impairment opens ...

Introduction on Osteoarthritis

Being the most common type of joint disease, osteoarthritis affects up to 20 million persons in the United States. This joint inflammation results from degeneration of cartilage whose causes range from aging, injury from trauma or disease to obesity. Pain in the affected joints on repetitive use is the most common symptom of osteoarthritis. In essence therefore, the goal to the treatment and management of osteoarthritis is to eliminate inflammation and joint pain while maintaining and improving the function of the joints. Non-pharmacologic interventions in place include unloading certain joints, occupational therapy, physical therapy, weight loss, exercise, heat and ...

Introduction

Arthritis, osteoporosis, and chronic back conditions have conjoint effects to the life quality of the patient, the daily activities, and the ability to work. As a way of preserving the life quality of those with these conditions, it is necessary to develop ways in which we will be able to evade the adverse effects acquired upon procuring such conditions. By employing the use of advocacy campaigns strategies that include media advocacy, social marketing, and community organization, it ostensible that we will outdo the adverse effects resultant from the above mentioned conditions. In relation to this, this paper will essentially focus ...

Introduction

Women as caregivers is a significant issue because it has been hypothesized by many scholars that the stress associated with multiple roles can be conducive to physical and mental health problems. However, this is a controversial topic because they are some experts who contend that benefits are gained with this additional responsibility. There appears to be a myriad of literature that places emphasis on the stress of women engaging in multiple roles. Women have always been considered responsible for domestic chores. parenting and in some instances caring for elderly parents. A few decades ago women were not required to work outside ...

Introduction

Alternative or Manipulative therapy has been used since 400 BC. Modern medicine that using surgery and drug therapy have many disadvantages. These include Post-surgery pain, side-effects and high costs. Over the decades, alternative therapy has been a useful for treating osteoporosis and other musculoskeletal disorders. Of the different alternative interventions for musculoskeletal disorders, osteopathy and chiropractic systems have been widely used around the globe. Since traditional allopathic medications had many drawbacks, physicians recommend patients to undergo alternative or manipulative therapy.

The Decline of Allopathic Medicine

Allopathic medicine was the only intervention for the treatment of ‘bone setting’ in the early 19th century. No alternative or ...

The aim of the article is to reduce the chances of musculoskeletal conditions among individuals through reduction of impairment, occurrence, and limitation in the social participation and, and functional limitations. This enhances reduction of osteoporosis and fractures that occur because of increased intake of calcium. Chronic back conditions, osteoporosis, and arthritis affect the ability of individuals to work, the quality of life and the daily activities of human beings. There are many types of arthritis, which are accompanied with chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Interventions that treat pain are important in helping the people with ...

Introduction

Quality of life is the quality of an individual’s daily life indicates the assessment of quality of wellbeing and lack of wellbeing. Wellbeing of a person maybe in terms of physical and psychological aspects. In healthcare, health related quality of life (HRQL) is the assessment which shows how the wellbeing of an individual may be affected in the future by any disease, disorders or disabilities. This paper is a concept analysis of health related quality of life in young people who are suffering with chronic illness. Concept analysis is a way of deriving conceptual hierarchy from a collection of objects and their ...

Osteoarthritis commonly referred to as (OA) is caused by obesity, injury and by aging joints. The symptoms for this condition include stiffness and joint pain. Treatment for this involves exercise and medication depending on the affected joint such as the hip, knee, back, wrist, hand and neck. OA is a very common form of arthritis and stands as a leading cause of chronic disability in the U.S. The condition in present day has affected about 1.9 million people in Australia, 27 million in the United States and 8 million in the United Kingdom.

Databases

#1 DatabaseTitle of source: Prevention of injury-related knee ...

[Class Title]

Introduction Abortion is an ethical dilemma wherein no conclusive position has been reached as of the time being. However, the social stigma that surrounds abortion is very strong as to make the topic a taboo that those who are pro-abortion would have second thoughts in expressing their opinions. The implication of this social stigma on abortion was captured perfectly by Sherman in saying that, “You have to decide whether or not to get an abortion. Then you’re damned if you do, damned if you don’t”. For the same reason, it is very difficult to argue for ...

Rheumatoid Arthritis, which is the most common type of chronic inflammatory arthritis, can affect any organ system. What causes Rheumatoid Arthritis is still unknown. Genetic susceptibility combined with an external trigger, such as infection, smoking, and trauma, is theorized to cause the disease expression. It is believed that these external triggers cause an autoimmune reaction, resulting in chronic joint inflammation and synovial hypertrophy along with other manifestations (Hammer and McPhee, 2014). It has been observed that the patients of Rheumatoid Arthritis have higher levels of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibody titers and virus-infected B cells than the general people. ...

Coping with depression connected to rheumatoid arthritis

What is depression? Depression is essentially feeling ‘down’. It is a severe mood state that may affect the general state of mind. This usually comes about as a result of encountering a stressful condition or failing to meet one’s expectations in life as expected of them by the society or just at an individual level. Chronic lifestyle illnesses have been largely associated with such cases of anxiety and depression and so patients with rheumatic arthritis have been faced with the same condition. The nature of the disease incapacitates the patients and makes them fully dependant on others. This can be ...

Psoriasis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease are two of the most prevalent types of immune disorders. Being diseases of the immune system, both diseases have similarities and, of course, striking differences. Reviewing both of their pathophysiology, incidences of occurrence and maladaptive responses may help us understand how these two immune disorders manifest their symptoms and affect the human body. Psoriasis is considered as the most prevalent autoimmune disorder, particularly the psoriasis vulgaris type (Krueger and Bowcock, 2005). Additionally, the prevalence of psoriasis considerably varies worldwide (Langley, Krueger, and Griffiths, 2005). In USA, an estimated 2% of the population is ...

Immunology Disorders

The immune system is responsible for protecting the body from various parasites, bacteria, virus etc. that try to destabilize the homeostasis. Naturally, the immune system is considered one of the most important mechanisms that help us recuperate from diseases. When the immune system malfunctions and starts destroying self-cells, it leads to certain disorders. In other circumstances, the immune system may be suppressed and fail to kill disease causing cells. Here we will discuss a few disorders of the immune system.

HYPERSENSITIVITY TYPE I

Allergy or hypersensitivity type I is also known as allergic reaction or intolerance, in this scenario the immune system creates a ...

The morning cup of coffee and all its varieties, is under a constant scrutiny for its impacts on health and cognition of consumers. Various studies have tried to showcase the effects of caffeine on the functioning of human body; in the present essay we will discuss some of the health benefits of coffee based on existing scientific research. Coffee is derived from the dried, roasted, and crushed seeds of the coffee plant. Coffee beans are rich in caffeine, antioxidants and various other phytochemicals. Studies show that the phytochemicals derived from coffee play a significant role in lowering neurodegenerative disease risk(Mikuls ...

Introduction

Rheumatic fever (RF), or acute rheumatic fever (ARF), is an autoimmune complication caused by the human-specific bacterial pathogen group A (B-hemolytic) streptococcus (GAS), Streptococcus pyogenes. S. pyogenes is a Gram-positive aerobic bacterium that is coccoid or spherical in shape and usually occurs in pairs or chains. It produces hemolysin that forms a clear zone around the colonies when grown on blood agar. It has been designated as part of group A via Lancefield serotyping because it displays the carbohydrate antigen A on its cell wall. It is non acid-fast, non-spore forming, and may or may not have capsules. It has generally ...

LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AND MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

INTRODUCTION SLE and Multiple Sclerosis both being autoimmune conditions, still show lot of diversities in their clinical manifestations. SLE is now also termed as Connective Tissue Disease to avoid confusion with other related diseases. Whereas Multiple Sclerosis is more of an inflammatory disease affecting the Central Nervous System. *Prevalence of SLE : 30 in 100000 in Caucasians to 200/100000 in Afro-Carribeans *Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis: 120 in 100000 (in UK) *Gender Distribution : Both the diseases are commoner in women than in men

ETIOLOGY OF THE DISEASES

Predisposing factors of SLE: - Genetic predisposition - Cigarette smoking ...

Introduction

Mary Flannery O’Conner was an American fiction writer, novelist, and famous essayist born on 25 March 1925 in Georgia, USA and was the only child of Edward F. O’Connor and Regina Cline (Desmond, pp. 97-111). With her abilities and skills to write well and impressive, she proved herself as an amazing religious believer whose body of fiction stories presented her souls’ struggle towards religious knowledge. The 20th century witnesses her as the best storywriter for short stories who would mainly focus upon themes of religion and the life of Southern. A range of reviews and commentaries with ...

Hatha Yoga, a Sanskrit word to describe basic yoga that makes a person attain mastery over the body’s breathing and composure of the brain. It traces its origins to the 11th century by founder Gorakhnath. It basically pays a lot of attention to the importance of diet, purification of body, soul and spiritual perfection. Hatha which means sun/moon is the combination of positive/negative, good bad and traces its origins to the Patanjali is the master of yoga dating back to the 5th century who compiled all the information into a coherent set of statements to achieve higher consciousness. Throughout history it ...

The musculoskeletal system is responsible for all body movements. The skeletal component of the muscular system provides a structural framework for the body, which protects the internal organs and provides the shape for the body. It acts as the storage for calcium and phosphorus and plays a part in mineral homeostasis(Davidson, 2002)

Functions of the skeletal system(Haywood, 2008)

The role of the skeletal system can be classified into five categories: protection, structural support, movement, mineral and chemical storage and blood cell production. - Protection: The strong material that makes up bones protect the internal tissues and organs of the body like the brain, ears, eyes, spine, ...

- The Global Problem of Cardiovascular Disease

Introduction

Cardiovascular disease is a major global health problem that continues claiming the lives of many people. The disease requires a special attention of the global organizations because if they do not address it with immediacy, it threatens to kill more people in the future. The current projections show that by 2030, the cardiovascular disease shall claim more than 23.3 million lives each year (Global status report on non-communicable diseases 2010 p.1). In the united states of America, The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) explains that one out of four women die from ...

In summer 2014, New York became the 23d state to legalize medical usage of marijuana. The State Assembly issued the Compassionate Care Act on June, the 20th. This research paper addresses pros and cons of legalization of marijuana for medical purposes in New York City not touching the controversial issue of legalization of marijuana for recreational purposes. Marijuana has been used for medical purposes for ages. Medical marijuana refers to the extraction from the plants named Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica (Whitehall, 2014.). Those plants contain over sixty various chemicals, including delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, the primary psychoactive ingredient) and ...

Healthy eating and proper nutrition are tasks becoming more and more difficult in Western culture’s fast-food based environment. Obesity in the American public is a growing issue that over the last two decades have turned into nothing short of a global epidemic. Research nutritionists agree that the root cause of American obesity is caused by over consumption of sugar, fat and salt. Sugar and its counterparts of high fructose syrup and corn syrup are the worst perpetrators of this issue and the root causes of the obesity epidemic. Globalization of economies has led to a reduction in the diversity of foods ...

[Institution Title]

Care Plan Template

Patient Initials: Not Applicable Age: 60 y/o Sex: Male Subjective Data: HPI (History of Present Illness): Patient said that the abdominal pain started the day before. Although patient admitted to experiencing similar discomfort in the past, patient did not experience this kind of pain which he rated as 10 from last night. In the past, the pain would only last for a couple of hours unlike this time which has not been relieved despite 24 hours had already passed. Patient also admits to experiencing nausea but has not vomited despite feeling nauseous. For the past ...