Essays on Neuroscience

Research Paper

Abstract Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is defined as an impairment in neurobehavioral functioning that is characterized by constant and dysfunctional indications of inattention and hyperactivity. Individuals with ADHD usually have major disabilities in interpersonal, social, and academic performance. Moreover, ADHD is related to a number of co-morbid disorders and disabilities like learning impairments, disruptive behavioral patterns, and mood disorders. Numerous treatments have been studied by researchers, but most of them focused on pharmacological treatments. Generally, there is a lack of research on the effectiveness of behavioral treatments in treating ADHD. One of the potential treatments for ADHD-- positive ...

It has never been a secret for people that physical activity stimulates the brain and provokes its development. Living in the modern world, it is hard to imagine our life without TV-shows, serials, computer games or Internet. It has become very complicated for us to devote our free time to something helpful, useful and effective. When talking about brain development and physical activity it is necessary to mention that scientists have devoted decades to the research of the fact that when we do sports, we stimulate our brain and improve our cognitive skills. It has been proved that exercising ...

Describe how a nerve impulse is transmitted from one neuron to the next

The transmission from one neuron to another is characterized by exchange of electric charge across the membrane of each neuron (Fields, 2014). An unstimulated neuron would be polarised (McCance 2014). In the polarized state, there is difference in the electric charge across the membrane. However, during exchange, a neuron is said to undergo polarization, wherein there is an excess of Na+ (sodium ions) outside and excess of K+ (potassium ions) on the outside (Fields, 2014). Nerve impulse is transmitted through the process of polarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization (McCance 2014).

Compare the structure and functions of the CNS and PNS.

The nervous system comprises of the central nervous system (CNS) ...

Psychology of stress

Describe neuroscience and neuroplasticity. Explain the importance to the brain. Neuroplasticity alludes to the capacity of the mind to re-model and change with a specific end goal to have the capacity to adjust to new conditions. Neuroplasticity works in exceptionally intriguing routes, for example, we can be accustomed to doing a given kind of action ordinary or more often than not, and this makes us get acquainted with it and it gradually changes to end up distinctly our propensity. This procedure of adaption is the manner by which Neuroplasticity works in light of the fact that once we quit ...

Introduction

Human society has been based on mere moral factors that are the basis of governing the behavioral aspect of any particular society. However, it is quite intriguing to look into the doctrine of doing and allowing and this basically narrows down to the moral threshold that has been set forth in any particular society. Therefore, this brings to light the concept of whether, there is a fatual difference between actually being the perpetrator and carrying out the particular act or being a mere observer and letting the particular harm escalate among the people. Moreover, based on the doctrine of ...

Introduction

A recent report of the International Longevity Center-UK (ILC-UK) indicated that dementia can no longer be viewed as an isolated disorder due to a high prevalence of medical comorbidities, often undiagnosed, associated with it (Scrutton & Brancati, 2016). Patients with dementia also had received a less coordinated comorbidity treatments, resulting to the faster decline of their daily functioning, a reduction in their quality of life (QOL), and earlier mortality events than patients with these comorbidities, but in the absence of dementia. The report also noted other important findings, which exacerbated the need for better therapeutic options in dealing with dementia, ...

1. Biot’s respiration named after Camille Biot is an abnormal ataxic breathing pattern, where rapid series of shallow respiration are followed by a period of apnea. In order to known how AMP kinase, knock down leads to Biot respiration in mice; it is necessary to known how AMP kinase affects respiratory rate. AMP kinase is a metabolic sensor and is activated in response to stretching of the lung alveolar cells and other stressors. During respiration, the lung goes through cycles of expansion and contraction (Budinger et al., 2008). When the alveolar cells stretch during expansion, the 5′ AMP-activated ...

Executive Summary 3

Introduction 4 Theoretical Background 4 Brand Love Scales 4 Definition of Love 5 Personality of Brand 5 Image of the Brand 5 Brand Love’s Elements 6 Brand Romance 7 Brand Attitude 7 Brand Loyalty 7 Fashion Brands Love 8 Brand Love in Cell Phone Industry 8 Brand Love Creation by the Companies 8 Apple/Samsung/Huawei 8 PepsiCo 9 Benetton 9 Conclusion 9

BIBLIOGRAPHY 10

Executive Summary Brand love is a relatively new phenomenon actively discussed by the scholars and marketing professionals. Brand love is necessary for the modern companies to successfully attract and retain their customers. Moreover, it helps to convince ...

Biology is definitely one of the most prominent disciplines that made an enormous progress in recent decades. Contemporary biology is eagerly used by behavioral geneticists and provides a basis for its various researches and projects. One of the major paradigms of the 21st century is probably biosocial criminology. It is an interdisciplinary field, the first and foremost purpose of which is to explain crime and antisocial behavior by exploring both biological and environmental factors (Buss, 2015). Though the study of crime was great while dominated by the governing paradigm of sociological criminology, biosocial criminology is nowadays considered to be ...

Overview

Media violence is considered complex. Therefore, its meaning is explained in different ways according to how one views the whole perception. According to David & Hertz, (2007) one of the simple definitions of media violence is the exposure of fights, murder, and forms of injustices through the televisions to the public. When defining media violence, one should keep in mind the ideas like; the aims of media violence that are; do they point at passion or retaliation? The being consequences: whether financial benefits or death and finally, the techniques in media violence like handful fights or shootouts. When watching the ...

Evidence-based practice dictates that nursing interventions must be based on research findings supporting its effectiveness. Nurses must be adept in appraising research so that decisions to adopt interventions are informed by the quality and applicability of the findings. The PICO question approach was used to ascertain whether residents diagnosed with mental health conditions after they enter assisted living receive better care than residents who have pre-existing mental health conditions and received care outside assisted living. A search was made on PubMed to locate an article that would elucidate this topic. The purpose of this paper is to appraise and ...

The concept of "social brain" is one of the challenging and advanced concepts of the modern neuropsychology. In addition, the "social brain", as a concept, forms a completely new approach to the study of social psychology and brain pathologies. Research and development of this concept contributes to the discovery of the social and psychological development of a person. The thematic justification of this study is important because it allows tracing the relationship between the social cognition and social behavior of a person, which is basic in the context of psychology, sociology, and neuropsychology. The development and use of the " ...

Media Consumption and Materialism/Consumerism

Globally, consumption and materialism have become a fundamental component of the prevailing culture. Humans consume a myriad of products and resources that extend beyond their basic necessities to include technological innovations and luxuries aimed at improving efficiency and quality of life. Throughout history, consumption beyond basic needs has served as a method of boosting human happiness. Hence, excessive consumption does not necessarily pose harm to human life (Shah). Increasingly, however, important issues regarding media consumption and materialism have emerged in recent decades. As such, this study examines the neuroscience of human emotions, the use of recreational substances, and the ...

Creative cognition involves the analysis and comprehension of the processes and mental representations within creative thought. Creativity refers to the ability to create original, useful and appropriate work. Creative thinking, however, never follows the same pattern. Psychologists have presented data to the effect that discoveries, inventions, and original ideas originate from insight, others, however, are of the view that discoveries originate from the cumulative application of expertise or prior knowledge (Smith et al., 1997). The two schools of thought have led to a contention among psychologists on whether creativity involves prior knowledge and expertise or simply, insight. The dominant ...

The human brain is the most complex part of the human body that is very hard to understand. Our brains behave in a way that neuroscientists and psychologists have never understood. Its ability to control body functions and consciousness is one of the most challenging section that these individuals are still struggling to figure out. The human brain capacity of 1350 cc and it is made up of a very complex network of neurons that develop during the last three months of development (The Function of the Human Brain, 2016). The way we perceive the world around us is ...

As Sadcheva and colleagues (162) reasonably note, “the question of whether morality is an objective truth gleaned from nature or a socially constructed concept has been important in the philosophical study of ethics as well». In the editorial titled The Moral Instinct, Steven Pinker cultivates a rather controversial and ambiguous issue of human moral judgments, moral decisions/choices and moral dispositions. Thereby, the provocative nature of the author’s argument reveals itself as early as the introduction points to the blurred and seemingly inexplicable standards we evaluate the worth of particular prominent figures in terms of their compliance with moral ...

Introduction

In the production of drugs and other substances, manufacturers have the mandate of listing the underlying chemical compounds and other substances used in the production process. That would help in defining the schedule in which the drug will fall under based on the current drug policy within the United States. Classification of drugs into different schedules helps in maintaining an overall understanding of what to expect based on one’s intake of the drugs and other substances. The Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) has come up with five distinct categories or schedules of drugs depending on their chemical composition (Nutt, ...

The function of golli-MBP is less understood than that of the classic MBP. However, golli-MBP is believed to play an important role in various physiological activities such as the regulation of calcium (Ca) homeostasis especially in oligodendrocytes (OLs) and in T-cells ( Paez et al., 2007). The latter authors investigated this particular property of golli-MBP using fluorescent protein clones, cell lines and imaging techniques. It was revealed that when overexpressed in OL cell lines (N19), the golli proteins activate the elaboration of processes and sheets which retract rapidly following a depolarization with high potassium ions (K+). Simultaneously, a substantial augmentation ...

Abstract

This research was carried out with the aim of comparing rather simultaneous stimuli and proving that perceiving the temporal order is a vital part in the performance of tasks. However, it aimed to show the factors that lead to us being unable to make the right perception by the inclusion of irrelevant events in the visual field. It was conducted by recording the various readings that were collected from the behavioural index of the observers in the static distractor environments and in isolation. This research was carried out by 9 psychology undergraduates from the University of Western Sydney who ...

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Abstract It is well research that visual performance is way effective within the horizontal compared to vertical meridian. The current research reveals the impact of horizontal and vertical meridian on temporal resolution that is particularly interested in detecting the phenomenon of Remote Temporal Camouflage (RTC). 9 participants recruited among psychology students participated in the study. The respondents were provided several tasks which they had to develop temporal order judgments (TOJs) in terms of which of the two stimuli emerged initially. The context was developed in both static and dynamic distractors. In the result, it was determined that JNDs were ...

Public goods game: a group of people play a public game which is based on voluntary contribution mechanism (VCM). VCM is the game in which subjects have a certain amount of endowment (20$ in this study) and decide to allocate the endowment between public account and private account. The contribution to public goods is multiply with marginal per capita return. Marginal per capita return is the ratio of benefit to cost if people decide to give 1$ from private account to public account. An outcome of each player is:

In which ei is the endowment of each subject ci ...

Abstract

The main objective of this research is to investigate how the neuroscience information among public is relevant to their explanation for logic implementing neuroscience cognitive psychology. A total research participant of 368 people was selected as research participants that were divided into two groups. One group included the people that had the knowledge of neuroscience and the second group includes the participants that did not have knowledge about neuroscience between the ages 16 to 59 years (Weisberg, Keil, Goodstein, Rawson, & Gray, 2008). Our results show that there is a difference between individuals with neuroscience knowledge and without neuroscience knowledge ...

REGULATORY BEHAVIOR

The role of the nervous system. The fact that nervous system is the direct and influential regulator of human behavior is widely recognized by scientific communities all over the world. Actually, all the elements of sophisticated structure of nervous system work in concord in order to provide appropriate behavioral responses for any irritant or provocative. Consequently, the principles of coordinative work of nervous system constitute the issue of paramount importance for psychologists. Talking more specifically, both central and peripheral nervous system do take part in behavioral regulation. For instance, spinal cord (the constituting part of central nervous system) works ...

What is the paper about?

The paper is an experiment that is designed to find out where exactly does the brain process the elements of music—specifically how it ‘expects’ a certain tone after hearing a previous harmony. It is assumed that music follows a certain syntax like language, where its ‘rightness’ is dictated by a certain set of rules. In order to do this, they used magnetoencephalography in mapping the part of the brain the is most active in hearing music. In the experiment, it was found out that the Broca’s area in the brain is not only responsible for determining the ...

In research conducted by Rauscher, Shaw, and Ky (1993), the result of listening to music composed by the musician Mozart was an short-term improvement in tasks associated with spatial-temporal reasoning. The researchers hypothesized that higher brain functions correlate with music cognition. Dubbed the “Mozart Effect” by Dr. Alfred Tomatis, subsequent experiments differed on whether the influence is significant. While some studies support the proposed impact (Ivanov & Geake, 2003; Rauscher, Robinson, and Jens, 1998; Rideout & Laubach, 1996), others do not (Chabris, 1999; Mehr, Schachner, Katz, & Spelke, 2013; Steele, Bass, & Crook, 1999). This paper is an analysis of the research by ...

Secrets of the Mind by V.S. Ramachandran Secrets of the Mind with V.S. Ramachandran The secret functions carried out by our brain first came into the attention of Dr. Ramachandran while examining the case of an amputee, Derek Steen, who lost his right arm above the elbow in a car accident. His condition garnered a curiosity in Ramachandran when he (Derek) reported that he had felt tingling and stroking sensations in his right arm (that was removed surgically) while shaving the left side of his face. This opened an opportunity for Dr. Ramachandran to study phantom limbs in detail. ...

Chapter #16:

Question 1. Insect-eating birds will decrease in number since their source of food has been reduced. The birds may also migrate to warmer areas during this period.

Question 2.

The habitat is the specific place where the organism lives e.g. a fish’s habitat is water. On the other hand, niche is the position and the role played by the organism in an ecosystem. It includes how the organism obtain food and shelter, the mode of survival, and the mode of reproduction (Sutton & Anderson, 2009, p. 46). For instance, a lion’s niche in the ecosystem is that of a predator.Question ...

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the different methodologies in the decision making process for the supply chain management. The first thing about analyzing the decision making process is self-awareness. Primitive methods used to utilize the self-report one, in order to get an insight for the behavior of decision making. Supply chain management is a delicate field; it requires precise and immediate decision making. Let`s take a closer look on some of the more advanced decision making analysis methodologies and how it can be implemented in the supply chain industry.

The Experimental Paradigms and Variation in Decision Making Process.

The method`s terminology is self ...

Studies have shown that stress can be beneficial to some level. Every individual is faces life challenges that require them to react in the best way that will promote their survival. According to a new neuroscience field, there is a mental zone that can slow down the hyperactive part of the brain that responds to stress, and at the same time allow the brain networks perform at maximum levels (Goewey 1). When this mental zone is activated, success can be achieved in all areas of one’s life. However, excessive stress can cause damage to the body if not ...

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Annotated Bibliography

Dalirian, Zohreh, Alienation in Edward Hopper's and Jackson Pollock's Paintings (Wichita, Kan.: Wichita State University, 2010. In this published dissertation, Zohreh Dalirian compares Pollock’s alienation to that of Edward Hopper as expressed through their different artworks. He views Pollock’s art as a metaphor for his life. The alienation captured in his artwork can be used to explain his psychological characteristics. This work may be used to explore the link between artistic expression and psychology. Fisher, K, "Expressing The Age: How The Painting Of Jackson Pollock Displayed The Political Culture Of Abstract Expressionism.", Philogia, Vol. 2, ...

Introduction

The field of psychology as an area of study consists of distinctive branches, each of which looks into human experiences, behavior, and mental process from a different point of view. For instance, cognitive psychology focuses on the study of human’s internal processes, such as what goes on in their minds, what motivates them as well as how they perceive people around them. Accordingly, as people’s curiosity in the relationship of the human brain and the behavioral responses in a cognitive task increased, many empirical and theoretical studies were conducted. The study of cognitive psychology has had a ...

Summary: The interaction between the limbic system and the subcortical dopaminergic system, is important in the experience of reward by the individual. The hypothesis in the present study is that, increased excitability of the medial prefrontal cortex, exerts a suppressive effect on the interaction between subcortical dopaminergic system and the limbic striatum structures (Ferenczi et al.). Lack of a reward seeking behavior is seen in patients with depression and MRI studies in these subjects have identified increased excitability of the medial prefrontal cortex. This finding was suggested as a rationale for the study. The experiments were designed to demonstrate ...

Neuroscience is an interdisciplinary field. In this area of study, scientists research on the comprehensive structure and function of the brain. There are various interests that scientists can take within the science. They range from the molecular fabric of the neuron together with its biochemical processes to the macroscopic structure of the brain. The study further entails the brain’s relation to cognitions, emotions and behavior. These three factors work hand in hand towards a common objective. The goal is to provide answers to our most pressing individual and societal issues. Currently, neuroscience is the fastest growing field in ...

Neuroscience is the study of the human mind. It provides a map of the human mind. The studies that relate the economic arena to the human mind may have a variety of benefits as well as negative impacts on the economists’ performance. Neuro-economics therefore, combines the relations of the two and may be of benefits as scientist prove. This paper highlights the view of the proposers and critics regarding the implication of neuro-economics. From this, it comes out that neuro-economics is far much important as will be shown by its benefits. The proposers of the ideas asserts that neuroscience ...

Introduction

The exploration of the cognitive processes is crucial for the existence of the humanity. Evidently, cognition is a specific process of the mind’s interaction with reality. This process implies the examination of the external environment with the help of the senses, the usage of memory and experience in the formation of the behavioral strategy, and processing of the incoming information. Needless to say, that cognition is central to the existence of each individual. The entire civilization is based with the help of the accumulation of information and experience and its further usage to create qualitatively new technical devices ...

Abstract. In recent time, connectomics which is filed aimed to construct wiring diagram of the brain at the level of synapses and their connections has gained an increasing interest and is very promising for neuroscience. Advance in technology allow to acquire huge volumes of data and the challenge for researchers and scientist now is storage, visualization, and processing of the data. Developing GPU technology provides effective solutions for computing on large datasets and its visualization. Moreover, several recent work propose techniques for optimized segmentation, reconstruction, proofreading, and visualization of connectome. However, existing solutions are still not efficient enough and ...

Psychology/Neuroscience in Business Case

“Hi, I am a psychology consultant that assists companies to realize their desired gross margins by applying utilizing psychological/neuroscientific phenomena in their systems. I believe in the core benefits attached to consumer neuroscientific aspects. This means that your company will find it efficient to general huge annual turnovers quickly. Unlike my competitors, I take the initiative to visit your business to research what the customers need. Furthermore, this approach ensures that our clients are satisfied with our psychology consulting services within the first three months. So, how does Facebook Company handle the recruitment of new individuals?”

Recommendation

Overall, I recommend ...

Executive Summary

The purpose of this report is to provide a comprehensive analysis of a business strategy used by Emory Atlanta Hospital. In particular, this report provides a brief historical profile of the institution, outlines its vision and mission statements, describes internal and external environments of the company (using EFE, CPM, SPACE and SWOT matrices). The final section of the report explains how the organization can improve its performance and, correspondingly, to increase its market share.

Introduction

Emory Atlanta Hospital is one of the most reputable healthcare institution of the United States of America, recognized for its medical and academic integrity, exceptional ...

The adolescent stage makes or breaks a person’s future regardless of the actions done in the past. It is a risky stage, which parents and teachers tend to fear as it may destroy a teenager’s future if they follow the wrong paths. Most addiction cases reveal that its users began while in their adolescent age as they fall prey to various environmental, social, and physical calamities. The main cause of addiction is peer pressure since most of the teenagers lack a sense of direction and would want to experiment different things that life has to offer. Following ...

TOURETTE’S SYNDROME

Abstract Considered syndrome belongs to neuropsychiatric disorders, which is widely researched in order to facilitate day-to-day lives of those, who suffer from it. This essay concentrates on the history of Tourette’s syndrome, with detailed analysis of causes of its origin, especially stressing epigenetic causes. Main symptoms are briefly, but exhaustively listed, with the highlighting of unexpected, waxing and waning nature of Tourette’s syndrome. Special attention is paid to widespread ways of its treatment, defining their positive aspects and side effects. Furthermore, an analysis of contemporary scientific articles in this field is included in the work. Their critical ...

There are various causes of depression. Therefore, it is difficult to pinpoint the cause of depression in a person. It maybe one factor or a combination of factors. It maybe be triggered by changes in chemicals in the brain. Medical research has shown that lack of certain. Depression can also be linked to inherited traits. In some cases, it occurs in families with a history of depression. IT can also be caused by emotional shock, stress or certain illness. Linking neuroscience with psychology helps it as a science. For a long time, depression has often been associated in social ...

ABSTRACT

This study was mainly focused on repeating what other studies have done in the past; to understand the relationship between marijuana and schizophrenia. The literature suggested that there was not enough research on the topic in terms of finding out the root cause of patients taking marijuana, even if they had medication. What was discovered in the literature was also the theory that there were other contributing outside factors such as genetics and family history. Patients that were also mentally healthy were having the same effects when taking marijuana. What the literature also spoke about was distinguishing between actual ...

Eliminative materialism represents perhaps the most radical complex of ideas within the philosophy of mind. The arguments which it holds may seem absurd at the first blush. Eliminativists have 'accelerated' physicalist/materialist views concerning mental states so that the concepts we usually use to describe our experience with (e.g. love, hate, desire) arrive as the aberrations and results of our long-term misconceptions and ignorance (in other words, 'mental states' never actually existed). Eliminativism main thesis is that common sense psychology shows outrageous poverty in descriptive capacity, facing the innovations of nowadays science (in particular, neurobiology). And while the theory of ...

The Advanced Nurse Role

The nervous system is a critical system which plays a vital role in every function of a human body ranging from sensations, thinking to movements (Nurse without Borders, 2016). As such, the system is instrumental in coordinating and regulating human body activities. This complex system is a network of fiber, nerve cells, and neurons which are spread throughout the human body. Thus, any injuries and trauma on the spinal cord, head, nerve cell or diseases such as meningitis, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis and encephalitis on any part of this system can have devastating effect on the body ...

In the past thirty years, humanity has moved into a digital era where billions of people are connected via an ever advancing technology boom. Yousef starts his days by waking up to the sound of the alarm, and listening to the radio while driving his car to work. Then he works on the computer to do some tasks; after that he contacts some people by calling and texting them via Smartphone. In his leisure time, he just passes his fingertip over a screen and sinks into some application to update himself with the latest news headline continuing to use ...

Neurological and/or neurovascular components of the major types of headaches

Introduction

Headaches are classified as one of the most renowned neurological complaints. At some point in life, most people experience headaches, and the World Health Organization (WHO) consider the phenomenon as the most disabling condition because of the harmful effects on the quality of life. According to Winn (2011), headache is a common physical manifestation of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and either produce either new primary symptoms or worsen pre-existing symptoms in patients with a prior headache history. The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) provides a clinical criterion that categorizes headaches into ...

The Issue

The Children and Young Persons Act of 1963 provides ten years as the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) for England and Wales (Goldson, 2013, p.113). This implies that for more than half a century, the exposure of children who reach ten to the law's full force has been much the same way as adults. Children as young as ten years are being convicted of crimes and subjected to a police investigation. In this regard, they may end up having a criminal record for life. England and Wales' MACR is the lowest in Europe. It also fails to consider developmental psychology ...

How Photographs Influence What People Believe

How Photographs Influence What People Believe People have many ways that they examine information to decide whether it is factual. Talking to others, doing experiments, looking at pictures, reading, and doing research are just a few ways that people form ideas about the surrounding world. Most people are familiar with the phrase, “seeing is believing,” which suggests that visual confirmation is a good way to establish whether something is true or false. It is easy to imagine how this works, because using the evidence of what is seen in order to make decisions is an essential part of life for ...

Today, it is common knowledge that people live a very stressful life. We force ourselves to wake up too early in the morning despite having a massive lack of sleep since the night before just to go to school. We go to school just so we can have a job and go to work and then repeat the vicious cycle of waking up too early to punish ourselves all in an effort to make an ample amount of money that we usually spend on things that we do not really need and on people that we do not really like. The point ...

“Incognito: The Secret Lives of the Brain” is a book on the topic of neuropsychology written by David Eagleman. He is working as an assistant professor of neuroscience at Baylor College of Medicine, in Houston (Bilger, 2011).The book was published in 2011 by Vintage publishers.

This book is appealing and interesting in that it has presented the scientific concepts in an easy-to-understand manner and has successfully given surprising lessons in neuroscience. Eagleman has presented the tricks that are played by our brain and senses in this physical world. In the ...

Psychology is simply the study behaviours and the way peoples mind function. Psychology tries to understand the relationship that exists between mental activities, an individual’s behaviour and what motivates a person’s action to behave in a certain way (Westen, Kowalski and Burton 2006). There are several perspectives or rather; approaches to understanding psychology and in this essay two of them will be emphasized as they will try to explain reasons for people to have road rage. Road rage is a behaviour that is very common among people especially drivers and includes behaviour such as people making threats to other drivers ...

Revealing both the best and worst aspects of humanity, the Renaissance was characterized by extraordinary human achievements, a heightened interest in human potential and, paradoxically, by superstition, witch-hunting, exorcism and torture. The humanism of Renaissance had four main themes: the belief in the individual’s potential, a tendency to view religion as being more personal rather than institutionalized, an increased interest in the classics, a rejection of Aristotelian philosophy in order to develop a more scientific attitude. As the ecclesiastical power started to deteriorate, the pressure of having to fit scientific inquiry with Christian dogma decreased, making inquiry steadily more objective. Copernicus ...

Psychology

The retina is one of most important part of the eye and among the most affected part as the person ages. It is apparent that every measure of visual functionality declines as the age increases (Salvi, Akhbar and Currie 2006). Given the increase in socioeconomic relevance of rapid assimilation information particularly the visually communicated information, visual impairment constitutes severe problem to the person in functioning productively in its environment. By definition, the eye retina is the sensitive layer located at the back of the eye, which covers about 65% of the eye’s interior surface (hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu, N.D.).

It is ...

1. What is biological psychology?

Biological psychology is the study of psychology of psychology is three different ways. The first way is the comparative method. The comparative method is when a variety of animal species are studied and compared to each other. The second way is physiology. Physiology is how the nervous system and hormones work, how changes in structure affect behavior, and how the brain functions. The third way is investigation of inheritance. Investigation of inheritance is what an animal is going to inherit from their parents.

2. What is the historical development of biological psychology?

Between 1805 and 1836, Darwin came up with his theory of natural selection while he was observing a ...

How does the human conscious and unconscious mind and the external bio-social forces adapt in the process of development? What then is the role and significance of psychoanalysis? Researchers in the field of neuroscience have made great findings on the effect of the biopsychosocial perspective on child development. They have already accentuated on the fact that the interaction of infants with their neurobiological predisposition and interpersonal social and environmental experiences influences the development of the psyche, a concept earlier on stated by Freud in his ‘Project for Scientific Psychology’ (Sasso 2009). The development of consciousness is evidently a complex process ...

Cognitive functioning is an intellectual process in which people become conscious of the things that happens to them. For example, perceiving the changes and effects and comprehending new ideas. The process that concerns symbolic operations of cognitive functioning is a gradual process. For example, memory, thinking, and creation of imagery concern the activities of the mind. It particularly encompasses the essence of being aware and having the capacity to make judgments (Poon, 2006).

Various activities need to be done in order to maintain the cognitive functioning. Since mental dysfunction would occur, a mental illness which causes emotional stress and cognitive problems. ...

Criminal behavior

Psychopathy or sociopathy as it is called at times, is a type of personality disorder, clinically regarded as ‘Antisocial Personality Disorder’ (APD). Although a big percentage of incarcerated convicts may be described as suffering from APD, only about one-fourth of them could be diagnosed for psychopathy. Also only a small percentage of these psychopaths are violent offenders. Exhibition of superficial charm and persistent lying are the two common traits of psychopaths. The emotional deficit of psychopaths limits them to experience only a narrow range of emotions. Psychopaths are very skilled in projecting themselves in good light and can beat psychological tests. Adult ...

Cognitive psychology refers to the study of mind and related mental processes including memory, learning, thought, and perception. It is based on the idea that brain can be considered as the complex computing system. Cognitive psychology is not only based on working of the mind but also on the constitution of the mind that results in the formation of cognitive theory and related hypotheses. In this study, psychologists try to find the processing of mind in producing a behavior. This field of psychology is comparatively new as compared to other branches of psychology. However, its foundations can be extended back ...

Month and Year

Brain imaging techniques are useful to study different areas of the brain. There are many popular imaging techniques present in the media. Any technique that deals with the structure of the brain and evaluate the mechanism of the brain comes in cognitive brain imaging techniques. In a research study, I read about two techniques PET and MRI. PET stands for positron emission tomography. It helps in identifying disease, working of organs and tissues in the body. MRI stands for magnetic resonance imaging. It also scans the detailed images of organs and tissues present in the body. However, these brain imaging ...

Abstract

When an individual suffers from a traumatic injury, their ability to form short-term and long-term memories may be negatively impacted. People suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder have reported memory loss after the event that brought about the condition, as well as uncontrollable thoughts and nightmares. As research expands into the mutability of long-term memory formation, treatments for patients with post-traumatic stress disorder may soon be at hand.

Introduction

Since the late 19th century, clinicians, biologists, and psychologists have undertaken research to gain insight into the mechanisms of memory formation, storage, and recall. A recent breakthrough in this study of memories has ...