Essays on Neuroscience

Abstract

There is a great need to understand the relationship between Neuroscience and Psychopathology. The understanding of Neuroscience and Psychopathology can be attained by a consideration of the causation of a psychological disorder like Schizophrenia. Pointedly, nature and the environment role-play in the causation and manifestation of various psychological disorders. Understanding the manner in which factors such as genetics and the surrounding environment affect the etiology of various disorders is considered an important step towards gaining an understanding neuroscience behind psychopathology. Based on the information presented by three journals with regards to the causation of schizophrenia, this paper seeks to bring to light ...

Month and Year

Brain imaging techniques are useful to study different areas of the brain. There are many popular imaging techniques present in the media. Any technique that deals with the structure of the brain and evaluate the mechanism of the brain comes in cognitive brain imaging techniques. In a research study, I read about two techniques PET and MRI. PET stands for positron emission tomography. It helps in identifying disease, working of organs and tissues in the body. MRI stands for magnetic resonance imaging. It also scans the detailed images of organs and tissues present in the body. However, these brain imaging ...

Introduction

Biological Psychology is the biological study of human behavior through various theories. It is said that every behavior, action, emotion and thought originates from the brain. In the past, this study was known as physiological psychology due to the fact that the methods employed to study the brain functions and behavior correlates with the physiology. For instance, stimulation and lesioning are among the methods used. There are three major theories that try to link the biology of humans to their behavior. They include: evolutionary psychology, behavioral genetics and behavioral neuroscience. These three theories hold different backgrounds in regard to ...

Evolutionary Psychology

Evolutionary psychology (or EP) examines psychological traits like memory, language, and perception, from an evolutionary perspective, which is modern. This theory seeks to identify the human psychological traits that are evolved adaptations. These are the traits, which are the functional products of sexual selection or natural selection. According to the adaptationists, physiological mechanisms are related to psychological processes. They consider the physiological mechanisms of the heart, immune system, and lungs. Some of the evolutionary psychologists apply this thinking to psychology, and argue that the human mind has a similar modular structure to the human body, where different modular adaptations ...

Assignment

Richard W. Robins, Samuel D. Gosling, and Kenneth H. Craik Psychology is a science, and as such, it uses the scientific method to explore previously unknown areas, while elaborating written reports to share with fellow peers and the general community, in order to guarantee its own progress. An important component of a modern psychologist then, is the ability to accurately read and interpret the works of others. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to critically analyze the paper entitled An Empirical Analysis of Trends in Psychology (Robins, Gosling, & Craik, 1999).

Research Question

Introduction In the introduction section, the authors perform a ...

The regeneration of nerves throughout the human body has been a subject of much interest in biology recently. The unique characteristics of both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) provide insights into the mechanisms occurring after once damage occurs. A good understanding of tThe differences between these mechanisms also may lead to new therapies for nerve-damaged patients, including stroke patients. Following injury, the nerves in the CNS of an adult mammal will not regenerate, while the PNS will. These differences appear in every stage of axon regeneration. Within hours of axotomy, the PNS begins ...

This paper attempts to explore some of the components of the neuroscience approach to the study of psychology. One would realize that the study of the brain and its functions have lead to great insight into the study of human behavior and also the study of behavioral abnormalities in humans. The reason why I agree with the Neuroscience perspective is that it continues to lead the way as we continue to unravel the mystery of the human mind, the behavior and its disorders. Neuroscience has led to a lot of advances in the field of study of human behavior in ...

Admission Essay

Admission Essay I have always been enthusiastic about the Affective Neuroscience and social cognitive. As a child, I had a vivid imagination and a strong desire to assist the members of the society at large. Additionally, I have always enjoyed interacting with people of diverse cultural backgrounds and more specifically people facing different challenges. Moreover, I believe that there is no better feeling than realizing that someone feels positive and appreciated through my hard work and effort. Therefore, working out to help the less advantaged has become integral to my life. As such, in order to acquaint myself with adequate knowledge and ...

I, Consumer

I, Consumer One of the things that has interested me most throughout this course is the idea of consumption as a form of personal identity expression. While I was aware that my own preferences in music or clothing or other categories of goods communicated something about me, I didn’t realize the depth of importance that had to me—and, to be honest, my ego—until I read the various theories of consumption that were included in our course material, as well as the additional research I did in preparing to write this paper. Gradually, I have come to ...

Cognitive psychology is one of the branches of psychology that is relatively young. It is worth noting that cognitive psychology has tremendously grown within a short period and become among the famous subfield in psychology. There are various research that have been undertaking in the field of cognitive psychology. The practical application of cognitive psychology tends to assert more meaning to the field. Some of the topics include memory, learning styles, language acquisition, as well as forgetting. Cognitive psychology refers to the division of psychology that studies the mental process, which include how individuals remember, perceive, learn and think. These ...

Introduction: An Overview

Cognition is a mental process used in acquiring knowledge, and how this knowledge is used. This encompasses features like judging, memory, sensation, and thinking. Hence, it shows how human beings get information, apply it in their daily living, and transform their lives accordingly. Cognition and the mind are closely interrelated since the mind processes information and how such information is used. Cognition can be classified into two types: conscious or unconscious; and natural or artificial (Lovett, 2013). Since time immemorial, it has been considered an abstract characteristic of living organisms and over the years been studied as a property of the ...

Abstract

The field of psychology continues to offer several means of measuring empathy different from the traditionally known empathy measurement styles. Empathy has a relationship with age and autistic spectrum trait of an individual. The research aimed at determining the different AQ scores for adults between 19 and 70 years of age. In addition, the relationship between age and AQ and empathy measurement was investigated. The research used mixed methodology research design where interviews, questionnaires, and surveys were conducted. In addition, the Adult Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) was used to test autistic like-traits among participants. The research results indicated that the ...

“Incognito: The Secret Lives of the Brain” is a book on the topic of neuropsychology written by David Eagleman. He is working as an assistant professor of neuroscience at Baylor College of Medicine, in Houston (Bilger, 2011).The book was published in 2011 by Vintage publishers.

This book is appealing and interesting in that it has presented the scientific concepts in an easy-to-understand manner and has successfully given surprising lessons in neuroscience. Eagleman has presented the tricks that are played by our brain and senses in this physical world. In the ...

Chronic Stress and the Brain: Response

Stress can occur in varying levels of severity and lengths of time and result in physiological responses that proportionate to the level and duration (Greenberg, Carr & Summers 2002). The functioning of the amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex are negatively affected by chronic stress in humans. The amygdala is the control center in the brain for emotions, emotional behavior and motivation (Wright). The hippocampus works closely with the amygdala; its primary functions are long term memories and declarative memory (Wright). The prefrontal cortex is responsible for goal oriented behaviors and executive functions such as short term memory, motor functions and ...

Annotated Bibliography – Lesson 7

Green, C. Shawn, and Daphne Bavelier. "The cognitive neuroscience of video games." Digital media: Transformations in human communication (2006): 211-223. C. Shawn Green and Daphne Bavelier are experienced scholars in the field of video game neuroscience, having previously written papers on the cognitive effects of video games on visual selective attention. In this article, the authors explore the theory that video game playing provides practical gains in enhanced perceptual capabilities, including hand-eye coordination, faster reaction times, benefits in peripheral vision and more. Evaluating the literature on hand for this type of neuroscience, the authors determine that ...

The article titled “Mediation Has Power to Influence Your Gene” by Christopher Bergland gives a summary of the findings of two researchers conducted to investigate the relationship between meditation and pain. The first research explored by the article was conducted by a group of Scientist from Spain and France. According to Christopher, it was the first study to establish that there was an alteration of gene expressions in individuals practicing mindfulness mediation. The article reported that the comparison of gene alterations was done between experienced mediators who had undergone intensive mediation and untrained control participants who were involved in non meditative ...

<Student Name> <Name and Section # of course> <Instructor Name>

Introduction

Psychology is the branch of science which deals with the study of the mind. It has a further sub-category of behaviorism which is the study of behavior. But the extent of Behaviorism Psychology had flaws. Scientists and researchers needed something more in-depth and advanced to study the internal mental states. Behaviorism only dealt with the external behavior that a person observed. This gave birth to Cognitive Psychology. Cognitive Psychology better interlinks itself with linguistics, neuroscience and philosophy. The development of cognitive psychology circled back to the ...

Abstract

“Cultural neuroscience is an interdisciplinary field of research that investigates interrelations among culture, mind and the brain.”. It postulates in part that culturally based daily routines yield culturally patterned neural brain patterns and lay the pattern for the embodied construction of the self and identity. Other studies have found evidence for the prevalence of the diagnosis of disorders like AD/HD in some cultures and not in others. Implications for research on a possible link between culture, cultural neuroscience, OC/HD, diagnosis methods, illness perceptions and help seeking behavior are discussed.

Introduction

The DSM-IV-TR criteria for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and international classification ...

Avena, N., Rada, P. and Hoebel, B. G. (2008). Evidence for Sugar Addiction: Behavioral and Neurochemical Effects of Intermittent, Excessive Sugar Intake. Neuroscience Biobehavioral Review, 32(1): 20-39.

The nervous system evolves to motivate and reinforces an individual to subconsciously eat sweet foods and other foods that may trigger such addictive behavior similar to that of alcohol addiction. In this research, Avena and colleagues attempt to find whether or not sugar should be included in the ranks of heroin and cocaine that could also lead to a natural form of addiction. Avena and colleagues contend that food addiction may be a plausible explanation to explain how the brain pathways evolved in response to natural reinforcements that are activated in the same vein that pathways for narcotics are also activated. ...

Revealing both the best and worst aspects of humanity, the Renaissance was characterized by extraordinary human achievements, a heightened interest in human potential and, paradoxically, by superstition, witch-hunting, exorcism and torture. The humanism of Renaissance had four main themes: the belief in the individual’s potential, a tendency to view religion as being more personal rather than institutionalized, an increased interest in the classics, a rejection of Aristotelian philosophy in order to develop a more scientific attitude. As the ecclesiastical power started to deteriorate, the pressure of having to fit scientific inquiry with Christian dogma decreased, making inquiry steadily more objective. Copernicus ...

How does the human conscious and unconscious mind and the external bio-social forces adapt in the process of development? What then is the role and significance of psychoanalysis? Researchers in the field of neuroscience have made great findings on the effect of the biopsychosocial perspective on child development. They have already accentuated on the fact that the interaction of infants with their neurobiological predisposition and interpersonal social and environmental experiences influences the development of the psyche, a concept earlier on stated by Freud in his ‘Project for Scientific Psychology’ (Sasso 2009). The development of consciousness is evidently a complex process ...

Cognitive psychology refers to the study of mind and related mental processes including memory, learning, thought, and perception. It is based on the idea that brain can be considered as the complex computing system. Cognitive psychology is not only based on working of the mind but also on the constitution of the mind that results in the formation of cognitive theory and related hypotheses. In this study, psychologists try to find the processing of mind in producing a behavior. This field of psychology is comparatively new as compared to other branches of psychology. However, its foundations can be extended back ...

Capacity of making decisions is the thing that differs those who dream from those who act. Every person makes thousands of various decisions every day. Most of them are so usual for us that we don't even pay attention to them. Every morning a person decides whether to drink a cup of coffee or a cup of tea for breakfast, to go on foot or by public transport, to put on a raincoat or take an umbrella. Such decisions come to us immediately, and we cannot say if they were either caused by some reason, or made subconsciously. But what we can say ...

Communication Issues for Children with Autism

Introduction Autism spectrum disorders are a collection of developmental disorders that have been increasing over the past decades. Autism affects every aspect of the child’s development, especially verbal and speech development (Parr, 2010). The communication challenges facing a child who has been diagnosed with autism is an important topic. Millions of parent with autistic children long to have normal communication with their children and the whole experience of having simple conversations with this child can be an overwhelming experience. Parents with the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis report in their hand already are well aware of the differences they ...

A myriad of baffling questions foster educated inquiries regarding the types of causes for schizophrenia, in terms of neurological foundations. Psychiatry and neuropsychological research continues to engage professionals in exploring the role of the frontal lobes in schizophrenia. While more questions persist than answers, it appears that the elements of memory and behavior correlate in ways that bond to either a region or function that is important in the disorder. According to medical researcher, Dr. Raphael Bonelli (2007) “schizophrenia, and mood disorders may result from disturbances that have a direct or indirect impact on the integrity or functioning of” various loops ...

There are many aspects to the field of psychology, and this has led to separate perspectives of psychology that have developed as approaches to understanding the mind and behavior. The major perspectives of psychology are Psychodynamic, Behaviorist, Cognitive, and Evolutionary; and they are based on very different underlying assumptions (Kowalski & Westen, 2011). The brain is also an integral factor in psychology as well as the biological processes occurring throughout the nervous system, and behavioral neuroscience is a field which studies these processes in relation to behavior (Kowalski & Westen, 2011). This paper will examine the main assumptions of the perspectives of ...

Color Signals in Human

For more than 20 years there has been confusion and contradiction about whether and how the visual system can examine the motion of pure color patterns that contain no luminance variety. Three new papers have reported proof that, given their force, color patterns match luminance designs in the motion related sensations and utilitarian attractive resonance imaging signals. They evoke in people, and in the neural signs they inspire in the motion region of cortex of acting monkeys. This key aspect of the most seasoned and the most modern of cognitive neuroscience strategies decisively reject the proposal that color signs ...

Introduction

Is there a life after death? This is one of the questions that most people in the world have been asking themselves for years. The survival of consciousness after death is a very complex situation for most people in the world. This is the reason why it has been discussed by many philosophers as well as other people in the world. According to the researches that have been conducted by the scientist is that, they believe that the consciousness and the mind are connected in that the they functioning of how the brain works even after death (Stanislav Grof & Marjorie). The ...

Psychology

2014-11-20 Former study has recognized age dissimilarities within the mere scope and arrangement of social networks that of which propose that most methodical networks tend to cultivate lesser through time while they includes an ever more superior amount of eminent communal associates. Rendering to socio sensitive selectivity theory, such variations within the social network arrangement aid a precursor feeling controlling purpose in which provisions an age-linked upsurge in the importance that general public place on emotive happiness. Moreover, the expressive quality of social networks, mostly when undesirable feelings tend to associate with network associates, usually predicts the ways of ...

Question 1: Rationale and Comparative Advantages

The technology behind PET-MRI presents a major stride in terms of nuclear medicine. Since the inception of nuclear medicine as a discipline, the overall medical domain has received a huge boost in terms of precision in diagnosis and treatment (Boss at al., 2010). However, the PET-MRI is the most recent advancement in this field and is promising to impact on medicine in a very positive manner. The contemporary world is faced by a myriad of intricate health conditions that require an equally sophisticated approach. It is the technologies such as the PER-MRI that hold the key to the 21st century medicine. PET-MRI is a hybrid ...

Abstract

Sexual addiction is a controversial topic that lacks substantial data. However, a psychosocial and neurotransmitter theories have been postulated in order to shade light on this disorder. Sexual addiction denotes sexual urges, thoughts or behaviors that appear out of an individual’s control or extreme in frequency; extreme addiction to sexuality (Kingston & Firestone, 2008). Addiction, on the other hand, denotes the state of behavior that goes beyond the boundaries of social norms and hinders a person’s ability to develop healthy relationships or function appropriately in life’s general aspects (Kingston & Firestone, 2008). In this paper, I provide theoretical explanations for John’ ...

As humans, we enjoy experiencing pleasure. Pleasure, in itself, is reinforcing since we will repeat an action that resulted in pleasure over and over again for as long as it continues to bring us that positive reward. Sometimes the things that we enjoy most are always pleasurable such as being with family or our favorite meal. Other times what gives us pleasure may lose its saliency so we may try to find something to replace this source or pleasure or do something to increase the intensity or the overall effect of cause such as when we need to use ...

The impact of poverty on the young population is greater than would appear from an outside perspective. Approximately one in six children in Australia lives below the poverty line, a figure that has increased since 2003. Those in poverty are defined as making less than half of the median income. In all 575,000 children were in poverty according to 2009-2010 data. There are some effects of poverty on childhood development that are not immediately tangible. According to Lipina and Colombo, the impact of various types of deprivation early in life can have lasting cognitive and neurological impacts on ...

Human behaviour is a complex topic because it is determined by various biological, social, and psychological factors. Depending on the factors influencing behaviour, a human being may act in a certain way without knowing why they had acted in such a manner. In Brain on Trial, David Eagleman explains the relationship that exists between neuroscience and criminal acts, and how this information can be used to build a better society with a justice system that is not ignorant of the facts of advances in brain science (121-123). This information can better equip those in the justice system to understand better why crimes occur and may ...

Introduction

Psychology was in its rudimentary form in the early nineteenth century. It was just beginning to separate its own identity from the discipline of Philosophy. Various concurrent developments were happening in Europe and the US. Major advancements were initiated by Germen psychologists Wilhelm Wundt and others, who believed in experiments as a way to develop theories by actively interfering in the natural phenomenon. A few decades before Wundt established a laboratory for psychology, rapid strides in understanding of the nervous system was happening. By 1830s, human physiology was turning into an experimental discipline from being a descriptive science. The emerging physiology influenced ...

Introduction

There are many techniques that are being used today to examine the functionality of the human brain. Most of the current technologies emerged in early 1990s. Some of the technologies that are used for brain imaging include; computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), event-related potentials (ERPs) and magnetoncephalography (MEG). This paper will look at the history of these techniques used for brain imaging(Katz & Alexander 1994). 1895 – 1900 Early uses of brain imaging The process of imaging human dieses started in 1895 following the discovery of Wilhelm Roentagen. He was a physicist that ...

- Introduction The human brain plays an instrumental role in the cognitive stability of human kind. The process of memory consolidation and retrieval entails complex biological mechanisms. This paper gives a common assessment about human memory from the beginning to end. The description of this process will include biology and neuroscience, identification of each step in the human memory, factors that might impede the process of human memory, interferences in the process, and an explanation of the different kinds of memory loss. - The Biology and neuroscience. - Identification and description of each step in the human ...

<Name> <Subject> <Professor> Prior to the 1960s, many experts in the field of clinical neuroscience thought that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) does not have any suitable treatment. Attempts to treat OCD with psychotherapy and medication measures on psychodynamics have failed, and it was only during 1966 when experts were able to realize that exposure and ritual prevention is a much more effective treatment for said disorder. Foa (2010) seeks to show the degree of effectiveness of the aforementioned treatment for OCD, focusing on current techniques in cognitive behavioral theory (CBT) through variations of exposure and ...

Cognitive psychology is one of the important disciplines to human cognitive understanding. It is actually a science that focuses on investigating human mental abilities. These mental abilities include understanding, thinking, reasoning, perceiving, remembering, as well as learning. In most cases, cognitive psychology is compared to aspects of behaviorism. As a matter of fact, cognitive psychology focuses on them nature of human psyche that cannot be observed and uses the abstracts constructs in producing the observable behaviors. In defining cognitive psychology it is worth noting that the discipline is related to linguistics, neuroscience, and philosophy. The contemporary study of cognitive psychology rests ...

Despite the fact that most of college students avoid unsafe use of drugs, they have high likelihood to be affected by the consequences of the high-risk conducts of their peers (Borsari, and Carey, 2001). Students engaging in substance abuse do not just harm themselves but also their peers, and not just occasionally, but with a frequency that is truly disturbing. If the college campus management and the students become informed about prevention of substance abuse, potential college students can increase the chances that they will avoid problems related with substance abuse and their college expectations and dreams will be achieved. ...

Discussion Question 1 Sun 05/01/2011 07:19 AM , by: Instructor

The five major perspectives in modern psychology are psychodynamic, behaviorism, humanism, neuroscience, and cognitive. Psychodynamic deals with the idea that people are out of control of their actions and behavior, and that there is an underlying reason behind what people do. School psychology is a subgenre that deals with the behavior of elementary school children. Behaviorism emphasizes behavior that is observable and identifiable. Personality psychology addresses how people act and why they act that way. Humanism is identified as an ethos wherein people are in control of the things they do – social psychology addresses humanism and how the behavior ...

Psychology is simply the study behaviours and the way peoples mind function. Psychology tries to understand the relationship that exists between mental activities, an individual’s behaviour and what motivates a person’s action to behave in a certain way (Westen, Kowalski and Burton 2006). There are several perspectives or rather; approaches to understanding psychology and in this essay two of them will be emphasized as they will try to explain reasons for people to have road rage. Road rage is a behaviour that is very common among people especially drivers and includes behaviour such as people making threats to other drivers ...

Psychology

The retina is one of most important part of the eye and among the most affected part as the person ages. It is apparent that every measure of visual functionality declines as the age increases (Salvi, Akhbar and Currie 2006). Given the increase in socioeconomic relevance of rapid assimilation information particularly the visually communicated information, visual impairment constitutes severe problem to the person in functioning productively in its environment. By definition, the eye retina is the sensitive layer located at the back of the eye, which covers about 65% of the eye’s interior surface (hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu, N.D.).

It is ...

1. What is biological psychology?

Biological psychology is the study of psychology of psychology is three different ways. The first way is the comparative method. The comparative method is when a variety of animal species are studied and compared to each other. The second way is physiology. Physiology is how the nervous system and hormones work, how changes in structure affect behavior, and how the brain functions. The third way is investigation of inheritance. Investigation of inheritance is what an animal is going to inherit from their parents.

2. What is the historical development of biological psychology?

Between 1805 and 1836, Darwin came up with his theory of natural selection while he was observing a ...

Cognitive functioning is an intellectual process in which people become conscious of the things that happens to them. For example, perceiving the changes and effects and comprehending new ideas. The process that concerns symbolic operations of cognitive functioning is a gradual process. For example, memory, thinking, and creation of imagery concern the activities of the mind. It particularly encompasses the essence of being aware and having the capacity to make judgments (Poon, 2006).

Various activities need to be done in order to maintain the cognitive functioning. Since mental dysfunction would occur, a mental illness which causes emotional stress and cognitive problems. ...

Criminal behavior

Psychopathy or sociopathy as it is called at times, is a type of personality disorder, clinically regarded as ‘Antisocial Personality Disorder’ (APD). Although a big percentage of incarcerated convicts may be described as suffering from APD, only about one-fourth of them could be diagnosed for psychopathy. Also only a small percentage of these psychopaths are violent offenders. Exhibition of superficial charm and persistent lying are the two common traits of psychopaths. The emotional deficit of psychopaths limits them to experience only a narrow range of emotions. Psychopaths are very skilled in projecting themselves in good light and can beat psychological tests. Adult ...

Abstract

When an individual suffers from a traumatic injury, their ability to form short-term and long-term memories may be negatively impacted. People suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder have reported memory loss after the event that brought about the condition, as well as uncontrollable thoughts and nightmares. As research expands into the mutability of long-term memory formation, treatments for patients with post-traumatic stress disorder may soon be at hand.

Introduction

Since the late 19th century, clinicians, biologists, and psychologists have undertaken research to gain insight into the mechanisms of memory formation, storage, and recall. A recent breakthrough in this study of memories has ...

One big risk of psychological reductionism is its allure. The core reductionist belief that all of these complex components can be broken down and understood leads to a shift in focus from larger models of psychological awareness to more specific models, which may not hold the relevance to everyday people. Often, psychological conditions have social impacts as well, which these ideas would have difficulty taking into account. Often, reducing behaviors to specific psychological events can be more difficult than this idea accounts for. In focusing on the processes of the individual only, and not the larger context of family and ...

Depression

Psychodynamic psychology also called dynamic psychology is the chronological approach to the study of psychological forces and state of the mind in relation to human characteristics stressing the connection between unconscious and conscious procedures with effects to general mental functioning. Dynamic psychology is directed to the idea that humans life undertakings affects their unconscious and conscious ideologies and motivations which in turn correlate with the feelings, character, and general nature of behaviors. Freud the psychologist suggested that the conscious and unconscious parts of the brain come into conflict with each other, resulting to an observation known as repression. This ...

Psychology

Psychoanalysis is considered as a treatment concept that relies on observation that people are often unconscious about various factors that influence their behavior and emotions. Originally the concept of psychoanalysis was developed by Sigmund Freud and later developed and modified by various experienced psychoanalysts. These unknown factors entail the source of considerable unhappiness and distress, where sometimes is acquires identifiable symptom trait and at other times troubling personality characteristic. Those factors may, therefore, cause difficulties in love relationship or the workplace, or mood disturbances and self-esteem. Because those factors are unknown, the advice of family and friend, self-help books, or ...

Introduction

Memory is the capacity to recall information one has experienced or learned. Many people struggle with remembering events which they have experienced or previously had information on. Students are particularly aware of this fact because they are constantly tested on what they can remember from previous class work. Today, research indicates that there is a noticeable shrink in the hippocampus during late adulthood, which leads to impaired memory, as well as a heightened risk for dementia. However, fitter adults who undertake physical activity have larger medial and hippocampal temporal lobes (der Borght, Havekes, Bos, Eggen, & Zee, 2007). According to Erickson et ...

<INSTRUCTOR’S NAME> <COURSE NAME> A well-known Greek philosopher, Aristotle’s popularity lasted from prehistoric time, middle ages and all the way up to the modern ages. He lived through the principle that every problem has an equivalent objective and unbiased solution. He even became more popular when his literatures covered countless knowledge, ranging from different subjects including biology, physics, music, theater, zoology, metaphysics, science, aesthetics and theater. He is the primary reason why we can categorize and recognize the nature of time, motion, matter and space. This exceptional development in Physics allowed us to ...

Introduction

In the recent past, studies in the field of cognitive science have brought forth overwhelming evidence on the relationship between moral judgment and emotions. However, research on this topic a couple of decades old. For instance,StanleyMilgram, a social psychologist, carried a research on this topic in the 1970 where he instructed his students to approach strangers in New York subway and request for a sit. The research did not receive the kind of reception Milgram expected, he noticed that most of the students declined to participate. However, one student who offered to do the research aborted it prematurely. Left with no alternatives, ...

Meet me at The Museum of Modern Art in New York (MoMA) is a monthly museum program for people with Alzheimer’s disease and their caregivers (Chancellor et al., 2014). In this program, curators from the museum lead discussions about a handful of artworks from the museum’s collections. This encourages people with Alzheimer’s disease and their caregivers to interact with each other and share their opinions with art experts about the artwork in the galleries. Rosenberg (2009) stated that the MoMA program improved the mood of people with Alzheimer’s disease during and after the visit, decreased social isolation ...

Psychologist believe that all human behavior can be explained in one way or the other. There are theories that explain the origin of behavior and how people come to think of themselves and others. one such theory is the operant conditioning developed by B. F. Skinner (Bruce Tuckman, 2009). Skinner held that behavior that is positively reinforced, even when it is negative tends to continue while the one that is negatively reinforced tends to diminish with time. According to skinner one would behave depending on what one has been conditioned voluntarily or involuntarily. Is this applicable to anyone in ...

Syntax is the study of principles and rules for sentences’ construction in natural languages. Syntax also studies the patterns of sentences and phrases’ forming. It exists in human communication only. Many scientists study this phenomenon and are trying to understand why it is not a characteristic feature of other living beings. Researches worked out several theories to explain the evolution of humans’ syntactic language. Regarding the human’s anatomy that contributed to syntactic language development, Joshua B. Plotkin and Martin A. Nowak state in their article that “everyone knows around 50,000 words in his primary language. The words ...

Psychology Questions and Answers

Psychology Questions and Answers

Question #1: Is there a language function in counting?

The link between language function and counting is as evident as is the connection between neuroscience and education. Even though, the connection of the two elements is evident with cognitive development. The connection between these two factors (language function and counting) could be proved for aggregated effect on grounds of application and practice, as well. Moreover, research is being conducted to unleash the learning patterns and the subsequent function of each factor in cognitive learning. It is only the exploration of practice in the light of research and theories that the connection or integrated maneuvering ...

Ryan is a bright student; he understands lectures, finishes homework early and has an eye for detail. However, Ryan’s test scores do not reflect the diligent effort he puts into studying. His teachers are concerned and same is true for his parents. Ryan has had many sessions with the school counselor who diagnosed him with test anxiety. Test anxiety or anxiety related factors can affect the performance of students in exams and other classroom tasks. A significant body of research exists on the type of stressors on students that implicitly affect test performance. Anxiety-related performance deficits can have a selective ...

Introduction to Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a severe mental ailment that affects about one percent of the population worldwide. It is a major mental disorder that inflicts an enormous burden on the victim causing poor quality of life (Jones PB, Barnes TRE, Davies L, et al, 2006). It increases morbidity and mortality (Murray C J and Lopez A D, 1997), disrupts interpersonal connections and upsets family structures and adds substantial economic costs to the society (Freedman R, 2003). Typical symptoms of schizophrenia, include, delusions, disordered thinking, hallucinations, and bizarre speech or behavior. Though it is very rare to observe the onset of this disease ...

Abstract

The research deals with the problem of phobias, the types of this irrational behavior, the history of research as well as the key founders and co-researchers who contributed significantly to studying this psychotic disorder. It was also studied whether phobias have relationship with age and gender of those being prone to the disorder. The questions of reasons, symptoms and treatment were given a particular focus in the concluding part of the project. The question of whether phobias are acquired in the course of life or transmitted genetically was scrutinized based on the opinions of world’s finest psychology experts, professors ...