Essays on Smoking

Respiration is essential in the survival of all living organisms. It is a process where gas exchange occurs in all biological organisms. In the case of animals such as humans, respiration is affected by the ratio of the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. The human body generally requires oxygen gas because it is only through this aerobic respiration by which metabolic functions are assumed to maintain homeostasis. In humans there is a specific organ system which is solely dedicated to respiration known as the respiratory system. The human respiratory system constitutes different types of organs ...

Conferas, Sofia (2010), In Climate Change and Its Causes, Effects and Prediction. New York: Nova Science Publishers.

The source is relevant as it includes the climate change and the land variability resulting from changes in the land use. That includes the major drivers of ecosystems alterations. These are includes the factors that influence the human health as well as the effects on the ecosystem. This includes both economic and ecological issues that influence and threaten the native species that in most cases may lead to extinction. The article has a wide review on the climate change effects especially on ...

Introduction

Smoking is universally accepted as one of the main problems affecting the modern society. This is a problem which does not come from nature. This is a problem created by us. Smoking is an activity voluntarily taken up by people of different ages, races, caste, creed and religion in full knowledge of its harmful effect. Sioux Falls is the biggest city in the state of South Dakota. South Dakota has one of the highest percentages of cigarette smokers in the country. As per data from CDC for the year 2012, 22% of the South Dakota residents either smoke or ...

Question 1

Non equivalent Control Group Design – in this type of quasi experimental design both the treatment group and the comparison group are compared with the use of pretest and posttest data. The researcher can confidently have her claim regarding the effect of the treatment when the above groups are similar in the pretest measures but different in the post test measures.

Non equivalent Interrupted time series Group design – in this design, the researcher looks into a sequence of observations made before and after the treatment. Treatment effect takes place takes place when sudden changes occur during the implementation ...

Introduction

Smoking is universally accepted as one of the main problems affecting the modern society. This is a problem which does not come from nature. This is a problem which is created by us. Smoking is an activity which is voluntarily taken up by people of different ages, races, caste, creed and religion in full knowledge of its harmful effect. This not only affects the person who smokes but also indirectly affects the person nearby. Smoking is a source of an array of health hazards including cancer, respiratory problems and cardiovascular diseases. Smoking during pregnancy can cause serious birth defects ...

SCENARIO ONE

EXPERIMENT TO INVESTIGATE THE SUDDEN FLOW OF WATER IN THE TAPS AT HOME

This study is going to investigate the sudden floor of water in my house. Water running from the tap is usually enabled by many factors such as shortage in the reservoir tanks, absence of power to pump it up and down the reservoirs among other factors.

In my house, there is a massive water reservoir located at the top of the building. Water is pumped from the public water lines to the dam at the reservoir tank by use of electricity. Once the water is pumped, ...

The validity of the ancient testimonia as regards the origins of the Oracle of Apollo still remains controversial. To test the validity of the tesmonia, a research has to be conducted on the evidence for geological faults and gas emissions at the sanctuary of Delphi. Modern doubts as to the availability of chasm and vapor at Delphi are rooted from unsuccessful archaeologists. Surveys at Delphi have continuously indicated the presence of the two; hence Dr. Jelle de Boer and John Hale are to investigate the presence of geological faults and gas emissions so as to test the soundness of ...

Short title-Modeling the Water Cycle

Full title- Effects of weather on water cycle and modeling the parameters of water cycle for experimental purpose Lab 5 - Experiment 1: Modeling the Water Cycle Hypothesis: Despite water existing in three different forms, namely, solid (ice or snow), liquid (water) and gas (water vapor), the total amount of water on the earth remains constant over time (Gunn, 2013).

Post-Lab Questions

- Restate your hypothesis. Was it confirmed or denied? How do you know?

Our hypothesis states that the total amount of water on earth remains constant over time.

The hypothesis is confirmed. Reasons-

The weather prevailing on earth at a given point of time comprises of the different processes related to conversion of water ...

Human/behavioral diseases are diseases associated with human behaviors and lifestyle. These diseases also referred to as chronic diseases are caused by human behavior such as smoking, drinking alcohol, poor diet and lack of exercise. Common preventable diseases in the US are cancer, hypertension, heart diseases, diabetes, obesity, and pulmonary diseases (Frieden, 2010). The economic impact of these diseases cannot be underestimated. Chronic diseases cause significant economic pressure in the United States due to increased health care costs and loss in productivity due to some individuals not working due to their conditions. For instances, direct medical expenditures credited to smoking ...

Introduction

This photograph shows the loaded with log at a location near the blue mountains in the north eastern region of Oregon. This gives an account of the transportation department in Oregon. This photograph was captured and placed in the Oregon State archives in 1937.This photograph gives us the way in which logs were transported from the mountains to the factories for further processing to make other wood products.

Very tall trees are seen from the scene showing clearly that it an area where the main activity is logging for the purposes of timber and other wood products. The trees ...

Question1.

In the area two types of sprinklers can be used one is the pre-action sprinkler system, and wet sprinkler system. However, pre-action has more advantages over the wet.

Purpose behind utilizing pre-action sprinkler framework. A pre-action sprinkler framework is resembles the storm sprinkler framework aside from the sprinklers are shut. This sort framework is ordinarily utilized as a part of ranges holding heightened quality supplies or substance and spaces, which are exceptionally delicate to the impacts of incidental sprinkler water release. The pre-action valve is typically shut and is worked by a differentiate identification framework. It is adequate in ...

Question 1

Critical value method involves determining the likeliness or unlikeliness by determining whether the test statistic observed is more extreme than the null value or not. P-value is the probability of getting a value of sample test statistic that is far from the expected to be observed if null hypothesis holds true.

Question 2

F distribution is a ratio of two chi square random variables. The variance has a tendency to match the chi square distribution if one contains a normal random variable. It is used to determine if two variances are equal and to analyze variance and covariance figures. ...

Introduction

A Public good is that which is non-exclusive that is, it is available to all irrespective of who paid for it. Non-rivalry meaning that, the use of the good does not cause any rivalry amongst the users of the good. Free riding explains that the good is for the generally defined public and no specific owner thus, there are no means and end to privatize the good (Winston, 2006 p.23).

Roads to some extent are closing to be public goods as it satisfies the all the other characteristics except for non-rivalry. Reason being that when roads get congested rivalry ...

Introduction

Caring for the patient with chronic respiratory disease

Competency based education is one in which the learning is majorly student based instead of teacher centered. They are to make proper documentation concerning the study and not just making the assumption of what they are studying. In addition to that, they are to show the level of competence but not the work they have done to completion. The learning is also believed to be based on the principles of the adult learning that the learners are believed to be having their own learning needs and interest.

The type of the ...

Findings

Based on the 2010 HSE data, we have done statistical analysis of all the variables as potential attributing factor to asthma. Variables such as salary, Smoking habits, Ethnicity, Drinking habits and Sex were analyzed. It was found that salary is negatively correlated with asthma or in simple words as the income of a household increases, chances of asthma reduce. Drinking was also found as a contributing factor to asthma. Heavy drinkers are less prone to asthma than non-drinkers. Also, it was established that there is not enough evidence that smoking causes asthma. It was also found that asthma is ...

- Review of the Functions of the Skeletal System

The skeletal system has about six general functions in the body of an organism. It is indicated that the skeletal system forms a vital section of the body because there are other numerous functions that particular bones perform in the body. These different bones are situated in the various parts of the body according to their functionality. The first function of the skeleton is the provision of support to softer tissues as well as giving points of attachment for most of the skeletal body muscles. The body tissues and muscles ...

Fidler, Jennifer A., and Robert West. "Enjoyment of Smoking and Urges to Smoke as Predictors of Attempts and Success of Attempts to Stop Smoking: A Longitudinal Study." Drug & Alcohol Dependence 115.1/2 (2011): 30-34. Academic Search Premier. Web. 2 Apr. 2013.

This article provides a background concerning the reasons why people view smoking as an act of enjoyment and stress reliever. The authors examines the reasons why people continue smoking despite the increased dangers associated with smoking. In their study, the authors conducted a survey to measure the levels of enjoyment and factors that urge smokers to continue their ...

Question 1

Researchers at the Centers for Disease Control hypothesized that the salt intake of children is increasing their risk of developing hypertension, similar to that seen in adults (Park, 2012). The study included over six thousand children between the ages of eight and eighteen, a good sample size for statistical analysis. One potential drawback in the design of the study is that it only involved a detailed interview of the children and not an actual measurement of their daily salt intake. However, the results were clear. Children appear to be eating as much salt as an adult every day and ...

Introduction

A contract can be defined as a relation between two parties, who enter into an agreement that will be bidding to them and enforceable by law. The consent of the parties should be a voluntary affair. There are various categories of contracts. The following cases studied below fall under the category of a sale of goods contract. For a sale of goods contract to be legally binding to the two parties, it must fulfill all the legal requirements of a valid contract. This means that there should be adherence to the requisite elements which include an offer, an unequivocal ...

Among the most celebrated artists of the Impressionist movement, Edgar Degas was also one of the most prolific, leaving behind a wide range of both two-dimensional and three-dimensional works (Pioch, 2002). In a Café or L’ Absinthe was created in 1873, it measures 36 1/4 x 26 3/4 inches and is a characteristic painting by Degas (Pioch, 2002). The artist used oil on canvas for the creation of the work, which depicts an objective scene from a Parisian Café of the end of the 19th century, the time ...

Sampling refers to the research technique or method that involves selecting part of the population with a view of developing solutions or drawing conclusions on the entire population. It involves the selection of a portion of the total for investigative purposes. A sampling frame consists of a predetermined number of units from the total population (Burns & Bush, 2008). An ideal sampling frame is that which is able to identify a unit or an element of the population only once. Such a sampling frame is a rarity in practical research because of the existence of defects within the sampling frame. ...

Clarkin, P., Tisch, L., & Glicksman, A. (2008). Socioeconomic correlates of current and regular smoking among college students in Rhode Island. Journal of American College Health, 57(2), 183-190.

According to this study, the students from higher economic status are more likely to become current smokers although it does not necessarily follow that they would become regular smokers. Data was collected for four academic years, from 2000 to 2004, among 3,984 students with ages of 17-24 and coming from 10 colleges and universities in Rhode Island. The researchers also reported that during college, students are very vulnerable to start ...

Report on Case 1: Diagnosis of Hereditary Fructose Intolerance

Enzymes act as biological catalysts, they speed up biological reactions and are also capable of regulation. Enzymatic reactions can be anabolic – where a new substance is built from smaller ones; or catabolic – where a substance is broken down to yield simpler molecules. In the example of fructose, enzymes catabolize this simple sugar to substances that are intermediates of the glycolytic pathway, allowing fructose, a 6-carbon sugar, to be used by cells to obtain energy in a way similar to glucose (also a 6-varbon sugar). Aldolase B is one of the enzymes involved in the catabolism of fructose, and its ...

1. Several cultural and social values are presupposed by the 1920s-1930s era Lucky Strike advertisement. The image presented, a woman riding a jumping horse followed by a large man also on a horse sets the viewer up for the language and text of the advertisement itself. For example, she is a slender, well-dressed woman in full color, while the man who is following her is dark, in silhouette, and morbidly overweight compared to the woman. She is ahead of the man; the image presents them as opposites. She is getting away from him and things that are like him. ...

“Air toxics” is defined as “air pollution,” where pollution is an “undesirable state of the natural environment being contaminated with harmful substances as a consequence of human activities.” In addition, the EPA (2012, July 16) says pollutants include compounds that are known or suspected to cause serious health effects, which may include, but are not limited to, cancer, reproductive effects, or birth defects, and/or to cause harmful environmental effects. The pollutants may come from natural sources (such as radon gas rising from the ground) or from man-made sources (such as chemical compounds emitted by factory smokestacks ...

The negative effects of some global economic practices on the planet and society’s health prompted voluntary organizations to establish frameworks that aim at standardizing CSR initiatives (Benn & Bolton, 2011). There is a lack of a worldwide-standardized CSR governance structure and the voluntary organization frameworks attempt to come up with these structures. A challenge that would undermine the goal of voluntary organization networks and similar initiatives is the political interference of corporations in the implementation of policies that would negatively affect their business returns.

Fooks et al. (2011), reports that since the year 2000, the British American Tobacco (BAT) ...

Fear appeals are now widely used not only to sell merchandise but to promote issues like health, security, financial safety and other things. LaTour, Snipes and Bliss noted that: “In using fear appeals, some negative behavior is usually associated with a negative effect, like smoking and lung cancer, or a positive behavior, unpracticed, is associated with a negative effect, like brushing teeth and cavities” (1996, cited in Mayfield, 2006).

Over the years, several theories have been developed that thought to have influenced the swaying effect of fear appeals. One of these theories is the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) which ...

Introduction

Taekwondo is a sport which originated as a form of martial arts in the ancient Korean states which were divided into three. It was basically used as a means of combating fighting skills among the soldiers but it was later adopted as a sport. The sport usually employs heavy use of fist and foot as well as flexibility. There have been claims that this sport heavily impact on the physical fitness of a person as well as health of the person. The popularity of the sport has spreads to over 180 countries in the world with about 80 ...

Smoking is an addictive habit that leads to many health problems to the addict and the people around him or her. Currently, the number of people who smoke in the world is very, World Health Organization estimates the figure to be around half a billion. People start smoking due to various reasons; some are introduced to smoking habits by prevailing circumstances, others are introduced to it at their tender ages when they see and emulate the elderly people around them smoking. However, the most common reason why people start smoking is peer influence and bad company. This is where ...

Arguably, smoking is among the most dangerous behaviors that cause harm to human health. Just, like the use of drugs and alcohol, smoking is not exceptions on its effects to health. As a matter of fact, debates have been there for a long time on the legalization and criminalization of smoking based on health issue. In the 21st century, the number of minors smoking is increasing tremendously. Therefore, the law enforcing agencies and health care practitioners should look into the issue critically. Through critical analysis, the criminalization of health related conduct should take place.

Undeniably, on a personal level ...

A thunderous ringing noise roused the somnolent house on Maple Street, number 92, lulled in soporific breeze of the autumn night. A corpulent, pale yellow fingered hand picked up the receiver of an obsolescent, antiquated phone, the noise of which perforated the bucolically alveolated inside of the house. “Yes?” A raucous and slightly hoarse voice breathed languidly. “Detective Davidson? It’s lieutenant Kowalsky… I apologize for calling this early, but we need you over at the high school… there’s been a murder,” the voice was cacophonous and discombobulated. “I’ll be right there,” Maximilian Davidson answered instantaneously, as ...

Bottled water is the world's fastest growing beverage, but customers prefer turning on the tap. Water Bottlers generally take advantage of consumer concerns regarding municipal water supplies, hence increasing demand for their product. A number of bottled waters, nonetheless, differ from tap water simply because it is distributed by bottles rather than through pipes (Mark, 2012) Tap and Bottled water come from basically the same sources: springs, aquifers and lakes, to list a few. Actually, a considerable fraction of the bottled water products on store shelves are tap water although treated and filtered with extra steps to perk up ...

Psychoactive drugs are chemical substances that affect neurotransmitter transmission in specific parts of the brain. The chronic use of psychoactive drugs results in drug addiction; a compulsive urge to continue using the drug, physical and or psychological dependence on drug and a tendency to increase the dosage of the drug. Compulsive drug-seeking behavior and psychological dependence have biological and psychological dimensions. The psychological dependence implies the compulsive self-administration of the drug, caused by both its reinforcing or rewarding effects and the unpleasant experience, such as abstinence syndrome produced by the sudden interruption of its consumption. The biological dependence implies ...

Introduction

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are very important processes. This paper highlights these two processes by giving an in-depth explanation of how these processes occur, where they occur, their importance, and the equations. The paper starts with the photosynthesis process as it answers the guiding questions, and ends with the cellular respiration process. Photosynthesis is the process of conversion of light energy into chemical energy and then storing it in sugar bonds. It occurs in plants and algae of the kingdom Protista. Photosynthesis is a process whereby the green plants utilize energy from the sun to convert water, carbon dioxide ...

Introduction

Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach inner lining which is often accompanied by vomiting blood vomiting, abdominal pain and discomfort. The GIT disorder is caused by various factors key among them certain lifestyle choices that introduce irritants into the stomach. The major irritants implicated in the causation of gastritis include excessive alcohol, coffee, tobacco and certain drugs such as aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ’NSAIDs’, potassium supplements, iron tablets and cancer chemotherapy medications. Other causes of gastritis include physical stresses, autoimmune disorders and certain bacterial infection and parasites. The disorder is diagnosed by endoscopy.

Prevention and ...

Part 1

Gastric cancer or stomach cancer affects one part of the stomach before spreading to the rest of the stomach. On its advanced stages, gastric cancer spreads to the lymph nodes, the oesophagus, the lungs and the liver. The causes include Helicobacter pylori infection, preservatives, especially nitrosamines, in processed foods, excessive alcohol intake, and obesity. The symptoms include vomiting, bleeding, weight loss, swelling of the abdomen, bloating of the stomach and constipation. Stomach cancer affects people who are over 55 years (Kapoor 40). This is the ageing generation who have retired from working life and have a lot of free ...

According to experts, feeding to satisfy our feelings is rated 75 percent, in that the meals we choose reflect our emotional state. It is also believed that responding to emotional feeding with positive mind, we can avoid temptation by 50 percent of the total duration. That explains why we should not eat to satisfy hunger but also to consider factors like hormonal changes, stress, and anger we face in life. Feelings are part of human make up and feeding in regard to them is taken to be normal. Emotional eaters are individuals who feed on large quantity of food ...

1. Author and major thesis of the Yes side. The authors of the Yes side are Marion Nestle and Michael F. Jacobson. They argue that a public health approach is needed to encourage Americans to eat a healthy diet.

2. Author and major thesis of the No side. The author of the No side is Michelle Cottle who argues that the relationship between Americans and food are too complex and nonnutritious foods should not be regulated. 3. State in your own words two facts presented by the Yes side. i. Food consumption should be regulated since excess consumption of ...

Term Paper

Our respiratory system is composed of the air passages provided by 1) nose, 2) pharynx, 3) larynx and 4) the respiratory surfaces of the lungs. The primary function of this system is ventilation and gas exchange. However, there are certain secondary roles played by this system viz. olfaction, phonation, and stabilization of the thorax during the mechanical exertion and certain other biochemical functions. Anatomy and physiology of the larynx: Larynx (commonly known as Voice Box) is a part of lower respiratory tract and is the organ for phonation (generation of sounds). Basically, Larynx is an air passage and has ...

Objectives

The aim of this experiment is to study the effective thermal conductivity of a heat pipe. This is achieved by measuring the difference in temperature across the heat pipe and another conductor made of the same material and size. The temperature measurement for both the pipe and conductor is done under identical thermal conditions.

Apparatus

- Copper-water heat pipe – The specimen whose thermal conductivity is to be found. It is represented in Figure 1. - Solid Copper Wire – The reference material of same size. - Thermocouple (quantity – 3) – Temperature measuring instrument (analogue). - Multi-channel digital thermometer – Temperature measuring instrument (digital) ...

Heated hose pipes are the pipes that offer constant water supply in freezing temperatures. Mostly, they are built and designed to fit personal equipment, structure and requirements. Mainly, they are made up of thermostat switches. As temperature approaches freezing zones, the heat from the heaters keeps the water flowing if need arises. Mainly, the heating element used is copper wire. It’s mainly inside the hose pipeline. It mainly regulates the water flow by turning on and off the heater. The element is usually 50 feet long as it runs with the hose pipe. The length and diameter plays ...

Article name: Lead levels in drinking water spike when copper and lead pipes are joined

http://news.wustl.edu/news/Pages/23098.aspx In this article written by Diana Lutz talks about the harmful effects of lead if present in drinking water and how the replacement of the lead pipes to copper pipes can increase the lead content in water. Lead pipes when mixed with copper pipes, this leads to the increased concentration of lead contamination due to galvanic corrosion which is the process of corrosion wherein the zinc coating of the pipes is oxidised. According to the US environmental protection agency, the lead concentration in drinking water could be to a maximum of 15 parts per million. But the level ...

Abstract

Customer request that this page be left blank. If tobacco remains legal, all other drugs should be made legal. The one difference between tobacco and other drugs is, it takes longer to manifest its harms; therefore it should be made illegal just like all the other drugs. Less than half century ago for the rich, smoking was the fashionable thing to do and it was the proclamation of adulthood for the poor. It was a time when one could not look into a magazine or drive two miles without finding a very handsome man with a lit cigarette, or ...

(Candidate’s Full Name)

Effects of Hookah Smoking A hookah is a water pipe used to smoke (usually) flavored tobacco which is specifically made for this purpose. It has various names in various languages, such as water pipe, narghile, argileh, shisha, hubble-bubble, goza and etc. The origin of the device dates back to the 16th century in Persia. Today, hookah bars and cafes are gaining popularity around the world, including Britain, France, Middle East, Russia and the United States. Hookah smoking has now become a trend and Hookah itself has been classified as a socially-acceptable drug, with countries all ...

English

The article in question is titled china and the toll of smoking and was done by the editorial board of the New York Times on the 17th of April 2014. The article is quite informative as to the vast nature of smoking in china. The article also contains startling statistics to that effect. According to the article one million people die in china due to cigar rete related complications. The article further adds that this number could rise to three million people a year if measures are not taken to curb cigarette smoking in china. The article thus urges ...

Introduction

Smoking occurs as one of the widely discussed topics across various settings all over the world. This can be attributed to the effects that smoking has on the overall health of smokers and those who live with smokers. Smoking mainly refers to the act of smoking cigarette and other tobacco containing substances. In addition, smoking can occur in cases where someone smokes certain substances such as marijuana. As previously mentioned, smoking has a negative effect on the smokers as well as those who live with the smokers. For people who live with smokers, they are affected because they inhale ...

Exercise 1: Anatomy of the Respiratory System

What are the two functions of the larynx? Larynx is a cartilaginous and a muscular structure while holds vocal cords together. It is used by human beings to talk, swallow and breathe. It is lined by the mucous membrane hence forming part of the respiratory system. Larynx protects the airways by closing quickly after mechanical simulation hence stopping respiratory and curbing the entry of foreign substances into the airways. The larynx also produces sound, controls ventilation and acts as a sensory organ.

Where does gas exchange take place in the lungs?

Gaseous exchange occurs in the lungs and for it to take place; there is the need for ...

Texas should have 100% smoke-free laws. This is not a debate that should be carried out on the basis of rights but the health of people (American Nonsmokers’ Rights Foundation, 2009). This is because rights can only be enjoyed in a healthy and free environment. Moreover the fact that smoking is such an open thing makes it a violation of the rights of the people who do not smoke but have to live with the impact of secondary smoke. A map by the American Cancer Society cancer action network indicates that currently, only 14 states have non-smoking laws in ...

Mercy Cancer Centre is a premier community cancer treatment centre located in the ghetto of a major city. It caters for treatment and management of cancer cases for the members of the public at no cost. Hundreds of underprivileged members of the community and others from outside the locality are undergoing treatment at the centre. A number of these patients visit the centre on appointment with doctors while 30 terminally-ill people are admitted at the facility. Mercy Cancer Centre depends entirely on well-wishers for all its financial needs. Samantha Peters, the founder, also doubles up as the executive director. ...

Ethics is the principle of conduct governing an individual or group. It is also a study of morality. Ethics is the discipline that examines the moral standards of a person or the moral standards of the community. Ethics asks whether those standards are applied to our life and whether they are reasonable or unreasonable. Business ethics is the specialized study of moral right or wrong that focuses on business institutions, activities and organizations. Business ethics is the study of moral standards and how they apply to social systems and organization through which modern societies are supplied with goods and ...

Ethical dilemma

Since the United States is arguably the most natural disaster prone area in the whole world, it occurred to me that working at the center for Preparedness and Recovery might be wise career choice for me. Besides, helping people in times of need has always been a calling of mine. This work was also very well suited for me since I grew up in a morally strong background. Everyone in my family was involved in one way, or another in giving back to the community. Therefore, this job is much as a duty for my country as much as ...

We use Minitab 16 Software to solve the problems.

Question #1. - Find the range, variance and standard deviation of this data set

Descriptive Statistics: NICOTINE

Variable N N* Mean SE Mean StDev Variance Minimum Q1 Median NICOTINE 500 0 0,8425 0,0155 0,3455 0,1194 0,0500 0,7000 0,9000 Variable Q3 Maximum Range NICOTINE 1,1000 1,9000 1,8500 - Create the relative frequency histogram for the nicotine level.

Graph -> Histogram -> With Fit

- Compute the interval y ± 2s y =0.8425s=0.3455y +2s=0.8425+2*0.3455=1.5335 y -2s=0.8425-2*0.3455=0.1515 Hence, the interval has the following form: (0.1515; 1.5335) - Estimate the percentage of brands with nicotine levels less than 0.5 mg

There are 62 observations with nicotine levels less than 0.5 mg out of 500 total observations

...

Abstract

All cells in a living organism require energy to drive various cellular activities such as transport of molecules and movement among others. The rate of cellular respiration may be affected by the substrate concentration, pH level and enzyme concentration among other factors. This experiment aimed to study the rate of cellular respiration in isolated mitochondria under different conditions. It was hypothesized that if the concentration of the substrate is increased then there will be an increase in the rate of cellular respiration. Mitochondrial suspension was used as the source of succinate that was used as the substrate. The level ...

Introduction

Smoking among college students is a modality of interacting, of sharing a specific habit and behavior, which represents desired outcomes for fulfilling the need of belonging. The college students are usually teenagers who need to feel accepted, even admired by their peers (Walton, Cohem, Vwir & Spencer, 2011). Like this, smoking is considered a tool that enhances the social connections by college students and this is a social problem, because it changes their behavior, attitudes, personalities and it affects their health, while they pursue their goal of being accepted by a group. Sociology is the discipline that studies society, describing ...

Assignment 10 Questions & Answers

Assignment 10 Questions & Answers. - Guangzhou has one of the poorest air quality ratings of major Chinese cities. With high levels of nitrogen oxide, its air quality is rated as III 1, which means slightly polluted according to china.org.cn - The following cities are ranked as per their sulphuric acid concentration levels, with the highest level on number 1: - Calcutta, India. - Kiev, Ukraine. - Athens, Greece. - Copenhagen, Denmark. - Montreal, Canada. - Vancouver, Canada. - Oslo, Norway. - About Carbon Monoxide (CO): a. CO is an air pollutant because it is a poisonous when released ...

Introduction

A turbulent jet is a source of energy and momentum in a fluid tank. A jet is considered fully turbulent at a jet laminar for Rej below about 100 and Reynolds number Rej above about 1’000 – 2’000. Therefore, the limit between a turbulent jet and laminar is around the Reynolds number of 3’000 and the significant characteristics of the jet are its discharge and momentum flux.

Eq. 2; Qj = vjAj – jet volume flux Rej = vjdjv = jet Reynolds number Frj = vj√g'dj = densimetric jet Froude number

Where;

Vj is the jet velocity at entry point Aj is the ...

Introduction

The object of the paper is to analyze the above relationship over a range of pressures extending above and below atmospheric pressure. Data were obtained for the pressure and temperature of a saturated steam-water mixture in equilibrium over a wide range of pressures and temperatures. The “raw” experimental data are given at the end of this document and the apparatus used are described below.

The object of this exercise is to:

a) Use the raw data to produce a table of absolute pressure .v. absolute (thermodynamic) saturation temperature over the whole range of the data provided. b) Compare this data to equivalent data taken from steam ...

Introduction

Before passing any law, the congress as well as the senate should undertake careful consultations from the public as well as special interest groups. In this context, issues regarding health policies are very critical. For instance, it might have been deemed that the legalization of Marijuana to the young adults is to the benefit of the society. According to the new amendment to Article XVIII of the Colorado constitution, the use of marijuana has been deemed legal to people who are above twenty one years of age. However, there are some things that should be considered optimally before the ...

Inmate Rights

Inmate Rights and Prisons Part 1: Supreme Court decisions Helling v. McKinney (91-1958), 509 U.S. 25 (1993). A Nevada state prisoner McKinney filled a suit against prison officials claiming that his uncontrolled exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) from his cellmates violated the Eighth Amendment. He argued that the second hand smoke from some of his cellmates especially one who smoked five packs a day presented unreasonable risk to his health, therefore subjecting him to cruel punishment (Supreme Court Media 2014). At the time, the Eighth Amendment “deliberate indifference” only applied to current medical conditions and not future as ...

The project was to test the salinity of the water in the hotwell. On checking the salinity meter, the readings were unexpectedly high at 500ppm from the normal 0.5 to 2ppm. One possible explanation would be the failure of the meter. The problem that the team faced is that the engineer that had left did not leave any indication of the meter being faulty. This led to the team having to inspect the hotwell to find out what could have caused the problem. On inspecting the hotwell, there was thick formation of dark sludge, which showed that the water ...