Essays on Egypt

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Abstract
Luxor Temple in Egypt rose into prominence as the abode of various royal Egyptian dynasties. The kings honored the so-called god Amon. It became the main city of the kingdom. The Temple was managed by high military priests.
This research report summarizes the key events and historical background of Luxor Temple. It also sheds light on the building, the civilization and the culture prevalent in that period as well as the built environment. Moreover, it gives a comparison with the modern city of Luxor.

Luxor Temple in Egypt: An Introduction

The Luxor Temple was mainly constructed Continue reading...

Discussion Paper: Review of Egypt in Crisis

Introduction
After more than 30 years of authoritarian rule under Hosni Mubarak, Egypt has finally moved towards democratization – a theme that is highly apparent during the so-called Arab Spring that caused massive uprisings and protests within the nation in 2011. With resounding calls for the establishment of free and fair elections following the ouster of Mubarak, Egyptians finally succeeded in electing their first-ever democratically elected leader in 30 years, Mohammed Morsi. Morsi, a leader of the Islamic political faction Muslim Brotherhood, won the elections not through a landslide victory, but rather through a mandate highly skeptical over his opponent, Continue reading...

Abstract

The Lake Moeris Quarry Road built while the Old Kingdom of Egypt between 26th and 22nd centuries B.C. is the oldest paved road of the world and is testimony to the excellent sense of planning and execution of the ancient Egyptians of that period. The 8-miles of the main road was built by placing large stone blocks that were kept on the desert sand and to facilitate passage of sledges filled with blocks of Basalt to the quay of Lake Moeris, and then on to River Nile. Those Basalt blocks were shipped downstream of Nile to construction sites in Continue reading...

There is a reason as to why people behave in any manner. These reasons may be practically or theoretically explained as to their causes. Theoretically, behaviors can be explained using theories such as the relative deprivation theory and the frustration aggression theory. This paper identifies a social behavior i.e. a revolution and tries to explain it using the available theories. Precisely, the paper discusses the Arab Spring revolution and provides its details as related to the frustration-Aggression theory.
The Arab Spring is a pan-regional turbulence which affected the Arab countries such as Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Jordan, Continue reading...

Part.1 Country Background:

- Neighbouring Countries: Gaza, Israel, Libya, Sudan,
- Territorial Size of the Country: 1,002, 450 square kilometres
- Size of the Population: 86,000,000 (2014 estimate)
- Type of Political System: Democratic System, multi-party system
- Who is the Prime Minister, President?

Acting Prime Minister: Ibrahim Mahlab

Acting President: Adly Mansour
- What Political Party is in power? Democratic Alliance of Egypt
- Derivation of the form of law: common, civil, other: The country has mixed legal system which is based on Napoleonic civic law and Islamic religious law.
- How would you classify its economic system? Egyptian economy is diversified and Continue reading...

The Middle East experienced various issues concerning feminism, poverty and colonial rule especially in the period of the European invasion and control. During the colonial invasion, Syria remained under French rule while Egypt fell under British rule. The history of the two colonies experienced different events through both the colonial and the post-colonial periods. Harem Years by Huda Shaarawi and Fragments of Memory by Hanna Mina explore various issues that characterized the Syrians and Egyptians during this period. One of the stories occurs in Egypt while the other occurs in Syria. Harem Years describe the lives of the people Continue reading...

Egypt is often seen by many tourists and experts as a land with many undiscovered treasures as the country became the home of one of the richest and oldest civilizations since the ancient times. Many would often fly to Egypt to see the remaining evidences of the once powerful civilization and even at the present day, experts find new information regarding the ancient civilization. However, while there are other ancient civilizations scattered around the globe, Ancient Egypt remains as a favorite for debate and study. This growing puzzle of understanding Ancient Egypt continues to deepen even further, driving the Continue reading...

Marriage is an extremely important institution in the human society in all parts of the world. Indeed, this event marks the beginning of a new bond to be shared between the newly wedded couple. While the customs, traditions and ceremonies pertaining to weddings might differ from culture to culture and country to country, the sanctity of this institution remains the same everywhere. As with any other country in the world, in Egypt too, marriage is regarded as a very important occasion. In fact, it is the Egyptians who are said to be the first to have declared the laws Continue reading...

“The Square”, directed by Jehane Noujaim, is a documentary that was based on Egyptian revolution. This movie received wide acclamations and lodged its presence as a successful entertainer. This paper intends to discuss the movie, “The Square” and several other related aspects.
The story of this movie revolves around the revolution that took place in Egypt in the year 2011. Egyptian citizens came out on the roads of Egypt and demonstrated at “Tehrir square” against the authoritarian rule of Hosni Mubarak. The transfer of power has been portrayed in this movie. The movie portrays different faces of Egyptian revolution Continue reading...

Introduction

King Tutankhamun also known as King Tut or Tutankhamen was an Egyptian pharaoh who ruled between the period of 1336 and 1327 BC. He is believed to the 12th ruler of the 18th Dynasty of Egyptian history (Carter and Romer 2008). His precious mummy discovered in 1922, in the Valley of Kings by Howard Carter and George Herbert first brought king Tutankhamun to light.. It is the discovery of Tutankhamun’s mummy that first made Tutankhamun and his lineage a subject of public interest worldwide. A lot of facts have been uncovered about him ever since, and all these Continue reading...

Position Paper

- Preserving Linguistic Diversity and Protecting Endangered languages
Egypt dedicates itself to maintaining and preserving linguistic diversity and protecting the endangered language since language is the culture, heritage and identity of nations and states. Egypt supports the UDHR goals of UNESCO’s Universal declaration on culture diversity (2001) and is willing to participate in international agreements.
Nationally, Egypt wants language diversities to be an accepted norm among the citizens. The country wants the diversities to be a point of unity and not segregation among the various cultures in the country. Egypt understands the fundamentality of languages towards their native Continue reading...

Introduction

The report is a discussion on Egypt’s current political influences on my business of exporting gypsum boards from Canada to Egypt. As can be learnt from Central Intelligence Agency website, Egypt has a republican form of Government that is guided through a new constitution affirmed most recently through a nation-wide referendum. The interim head of the Republic is currently President Adly MANSOUR following the Republic’s military ousting of Mohammed MURSI from the presidential helm in the mid of July 2013. On the same note, Prime Minister Hazem el-BEBLAWI holds the interim Government leadership position as the next Continue reading...

Essay Questions

- The afterlife was centrally important to ancient Mesopotamian and Egyptian cultures. Describe the ways in which the afterlife affected the art and architecture of these ancient civilizations. Be sure to use specific examples in your answer.
The ancient Egyptian civilization was based on belief in gods of other worlds. However, the Mesopotamian revolution relied on the belief in gods of this world. Therefore, the architecture of the ancient civilizations, especially the Egyptian civilization took place with reference to the gods and belief in the life after death. The Egyptians believed they should adhere to the respect of the Continue reading...

Question one

How did the civilizations of Minoan Crete and Mycenean Greece differ from one another?
The Minoan Crete civilization and the Mycenean Greece civilization differed from one another in the following ways. Firstly, the Mycenaean civilization occurred during the period between 1600 BC and 1100 BC. During this period, the Helladic culture of Greece mainland was being transformed under the rule of Minoan Crete. During the civilization, the Minoans’ societies benefited from trade while the Mycenaean’s only advanced by conquering. The Mycenae-ans defeated both the Minoans and Troy, the city that brought them into power. On the other hand, Continue reading...

(Book Review)

Synopsis

Egypt after the Pharaohs revolves around the period through which Egypt witnessed the coming of the Greeks as well as the Hellenistic culture. It also covers the empire of the Ptolemy -from Ptolemy I to the rule of Cleopatra. The book also explains Egypt’s conquest by Rome, along with scientific and cultural achievements of Alexandria. It also covers the rise of Christianity I Egypt. Moreover, it explains the rich cultural, social, and intellectual formation within the period that comes light through the narrative by Alan Bowman.

Themes

There are four major themes displayed from this book. Firstly, Continue reading...

The Rise of Cities played an important role in society as well as documented history. Cities have risen up in a variety of cultures, from Egypt and Mesopotamia, to Rome, to Western Europe. Even the Aztecs and Mayans saw a Rise of the Cities. Cities marked the epicenter for development and change. The rise of cities in Mesopotamia was a great leap forward for the complexity of society because it essentially helped shape society. With the Tigris and Euphrates rivers flooding annually the farmers eventually came up with the idea of irrigation. For the time period, rivers were portrayed Continue reading...

When Yahweh spoke to Moses through the burning bush as it is recorded in the book of Exodus chapter 3, it marked the beginning of the fulfillment of Yahweh’s covenant to deliver the Jews from captivity.
According to Exodus 3:1-3, “Now Moses was tending the flock of Jethro his father-in-law, the priest of Midian. And he led the flock to the back of the desert, and came to Horeb, the mountain of God. And the Angel of the Lord appeared to him in a flame of fire from the midst of a bush. So he looked, and behold, Continue reading...

Egypt has been on a political turmoil following elections that failed to satisfy the will of the people. Several incidences led to a political turmoil with a series of demonstrations across major streets. The elections follow an attempt by the military to oist the sitting president. This trend has followed a series of events, which characterize the Arab spring. Evidently, there has been a significant impact on the current process, which has been very evident in the determination of political stability across the globe. Possibly, most Arabic republics have succumbed to a series of political setbacks, a factor that Continue reading...

Valuable insight into the main teachings of Atenism is provided by the Great Hymn and all of foremost principles of Atenism have been outlined in it. Moreover, the differences between the philosophy of King Akhenaten, the supposed composer of this Hymn, and the primary Egyptian religion that existed before his reign have been further outlined in the lyrical verses of the Hymn.
In the very first couple of lines, the sun is portrayed as a life giver who enforces justice by journeying across the sky. The New Solar Theology also shared this belief that life on earth exists because Continue reading...

I am passionate about business. I’ve been passionate about business ever since I was a child watching my father run the family real estate business. I started working as soon as I was old enough. To be sure, I got my first job at the age of 14 working in door-to-door sales. Before I went on to college, I worked for a time in telesales, then on a kiwi farm and finally in customer service. The unifying theme to my early work was that they all focused on some aspect of doing business.
My passion for business did Continue reading...

Cleopatra was the queen of Egypt, a symbol of beauty, intelligence, power, and bravery. Her romance, politics, and entire life have encountered many magical appeal that strongly captivated Egypt, Rome, and the world. The effect of her unique characteristics has been told in every generation that highly considered the style of art and fashion. Cleopatra was rich, cruel, and extremely appealing. She has made a history that fascinated the people during her time and today. People have found different inspirations in the fascinating characteristics of Cleopatra through the ages. Her influence as a person or a woman has demonstrated Continue reading...

Abstract

This paper considers the problems, such as how sexual harassment and flirting become interchangeable in a social context and lead to suppression of sexual harassment, when there are no significant definitions that delineate them. It also shows the need to have such a definition in a culture that has not been able to give women an equality status in the society. By observations and collating anecdotal data, a survey of the factors that could potentially be regarded as crossing over the line of flirtations and treading on sexual harassment are listed. Offline and Online encounters are considered for this Continue reading...

“WOMEN ARE PEOPLE TOO”

We all live in 21st century, where almost everyone is talking about democracy and human rights however, those are not followed in each country. Therefore, the question about human rights is to be discussed. There are still some countries, which do not take into consideration the rights of women, who suffer from the patriarchy. In this paper I am going to discuss this issue on the example of Egypt.
Egypt has been trying to change their perception in the world in last three years. This country did not want to be “the third world” anymore, so people started to Continue reading...

The economic crisis in Egypt post January 2011

Abstract
The paper looks into the economic crisis in Egypt and how the background was formed for the January 2011 revolution. How the crisis happened, what were the consequences and how Egypt can get back on track are some of the important questions that need to be looked into. The stability of the Mubarak regime was well under pressure even before the major changes in the political system followed. Even before the present revolution and reforms in Egypt, there were significant changes taking place in the political system. The nation was experiencing relative freedom of expression for the first Continue reading...

Social media technology played a pivot role of support to protesters in Egypt, Iraq, and Tunisia. I had discussed and described the issues in a report titled ‘Arab Springs’ hoping it would support the cause of protesters. Arab Spring had an excellent use with Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube in the mission. User-friendly approaches made active users to come together for organizing protests in humongous volumes. Cutting across language barriers voice from different languages got translated through ‘transliteration’ technology to reach across the world. Anonymous peaceful supporters extended their support giving worthwhile ideas. Based on worldwide response through the power Continue reading...

Report Title

Introduction
“There is an eternal landscape, a geography of the soul; we search for its outlines all our lives” –Josephine Hart. The famous quote by bestseller novelist is absolutely true and this could be understood well by travelers who are adventurous. For explorers, geography is the landscape that extends up to the horizon and well even beyond it. According to Bonnett (2008), “More specifically, it is towards geography that people have turned when seeking answers to the questions, ‘How and why has the environment altered?” (p.4). Mapping is a popular activity with which people tend to associate geography more Continue reading...

The origins of the Sphinx was derived from Egyptian, Persian and Greek Mythologies. A sphinx is a mythical beast with a body of a lion and a human head. In Greek mythology, it is portrayed as a winged beast who preys upon humans who cannot answer its riddles (Pinch, 206). Early Persians also believed that the Sphinx was a guardian deity whose mission was to protect the royal Persian Gods (British Museum, n.p.). Meanwhile, the Egyptians also built a sphinx of their own. The Great Sphinx located in Giza, Egypt had been buried in the sands for hundreds of Continue reading...

Introduction

The pyramids of Egypt are undeniably full of mysteries, especially regarding how they were managed to be built. However, it seems easier to focus on the number of pyramids, instead of their architecture or engineering, because of the existence of historical texts and archaeological data found within these pyramids that could explain their purpose (Rawlison & Gilman 59-67).
Most historians and scientists agree that the pyramids were made as a monument for a deceased pharaoh. The pyramids would serve as the ruler’s palace in the afterlife, so they were made with highly decorated rooms and passages filled with worldly Continue reading...

Organizational Communications 504

The political upheavals that shook much of the Arab World when the Arab Spring first broke out in 2010 introduced the region to a political trend that has swept much of the world during the 20th century – democratization. Although the Arab World is, in many ways, a “late-bloomer” in terms of adopting democratic virtues, the fact that several people from Arab nations have expressed their dissent through manifestations distinct to the globalized world shows how globalization has opened the eyes of the people against authoritarian regimes (Smith &Gaviria, 2013). The mass demonstrations that toppled long-standing authoritarian figures in nations Continue reading...

Mary Lefkowitz’s book Not Out of Africa: How Afrocentrism Became an Excuse to Teach Myth as History is Lefkowitz’s defense of the teaching profession against people who view the opportunity to teach a college class as a chance to inculcate the next generation with one’s own political views. Lefkowitz originally ran into Afrocentrism in the early 1990s when she found that actual scholars were teaching and writing that the civilization of the ancient Greeks had come wholesale across the Mediterranean Sea from Egypt, as well as that people in ancient Egypt like Cleopatra were black – in Continue reading...

The Rosetta Stone

The Rosetta Stone is a stone slab carved from granodiorite, an igneous rock resembling granite. It acquired its name from the area where it was found in the in 1798. The British Museum estimates it originated during the lifetime of King Ptolemy V, around 196 B.C. Etched with Egyptian hieroglyphs, it displays a Greek translation of the king’s Memphis Decree issued at Memphis (British Museum 2014).
Three scripts appear on the stele. Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs comprise the upper text, Demotic script occupies the middle portion, and the text finishes in Ancient Greek. The text is essentially the same, Continue reading...

The article provides in-depth information on Egypt’s effort to reinforce its accounting and International financial reporting standards (IFRS) over the last twenty years. Egypt’s decision to liberalize its economy has indeed created more benefits for the country and this has allowed it to become a dynamic market economy incorporating both the private sector as well as the global economy. Subsequently, the Economic liberalization enabled the reactivation of the securities exchange market and the establishment of a privatization program. As a result, Egypt sought to integrate the International Financial Reporting Standards in order to enhance the efficiency and Continue reading...

Egypt is located is the northeastern part of Africa, and the majority of the country’s economic activities is concentrated in the Nile valley, a highly fertile area that bisects the country. The economy of Egypt is mainly represented by agriculture, industry, and services sectors, which comprise approximately 14.5%, 37.5%, and 48% of the country’s GDP respectively (CIA World Factbook, 2014). Key economic sectors include tourism, construction and manufacturing. Governmental actions and political uncertainty negatively impact the country’s economic condition for the past several years. As a result, Egypt shows a declining economic growth and rising unemployment Continue reading...

Discussing the Great Sphinx of Egypt

ABSTRACT
The Sphinx is one of the most famous images of the Ancient World. However, despite its immense, stone image, the Sphinx has and remains a great mystery to layman and experts from many different fields. There is continuing research hoping to determine the true origins, age, image, and purpose of the Sphinx. It is likely much older than previously thought and therefore not built when it had traditionally thought to have built. There are theories that work to explain the Sphinx. However, the only thing that we can be absolutely certain of is that the Sphinx is a Continue reading...

English

Egyptian feminists and activists of women’s rights have long been struggling for a more justifiable and fair societal status women in the society. At present, there is almost no industry or business vertical into which the women of Egypt have not entered and proving their mettle; irrespective of this, the social status of women in Egypt continues to be prejudiced when compared to that of the social status enjoyed by men. And while there are a plethora of aspects that can be regarded as the reasons behind the prevalent gender gap, male-dominated organizations have unrelentingly been relegating the Continue reading...

World History

We stand in awe thinking of these modern female leaders. Many of them made names in our history and were given special names. The late prime mister of the United Kingdom, Margaret Thatcher was called the iron lady. She gained her name because of her firm decision and dedication as a female leader rising to the top in a political arena dominated by men. She brought England to economic progress. In spite of the political crises manifested by labor strikes and constant battle for supremacy in the House of Commons, she came up to be a champion. Another woman, Continue reading...

God, or Yawheh, has a number of roles which define who God is in Old Testament writings. Among them are creator, one who calls forth, deliverer, law-giver, provider, leader, one-who-is-to-be-praised, and prophet-provider.
A second identity of God is as one who calls forth. After Moses has fled to Midian to become a shepherd, God calls him forth to be a deliverer of the suffering Israelites in Egypt. Moses is very reluctant, but God overcomes that reluctance by giving him a staff, a symbol of power. The initial calling occurs in Exodus 3: 2-4: 17. God names Moses deliverer with Continue reading...

In the recent past, Egypt has faced a myriad of economic challenges, ranging from an economic degradation to the popular uprising in 2011 that led to the establishment of new successive regimes. Apart from the political problems, Egyptians are now faced with personal problems that may in the long-run interfere with its social fabric (Bohn). The marriage institution has adversely suffered as a result of all these turmoil.
Since the 1990s to the late 2000s, the average cost of an Egyptian wedding rose by 25%, and it is estimated that the cost will still continue to increase as time Continue reading...

Introduction

The Yacoubian building is book that was written by Alaa-Al-Aswany. Originally, the book was written in Arabic but it was later translated into English. This book gained popularity by many people in the world. The book looks at the lives of the Egyptians and the Yacoubian building especially after the revolution that occurred in 1952 (Aswānī, 2004). The book starts showing the building was colorful and beautifully made building that changed its beauty over time. The building was occupied by the rich foreigners and Egyptians who were housed in the building. In the book, it claims that the Continue reading...

The ancient Egyptians were skilled artisans, pottery and ceramics was one of the fields that they excelled. Pottery was initially practiced for functional reasons rather that the decorative reasons although the decorations in some of the vases is quite remarkable. The oldest pottery technic involved hollowing clay into a lump and leaving it in the sun to dry. The Egyptians started to make pottery before they built the pyramid which is evident from to the presence of characters and images in the older hieglyphic writing which resembles earthen made vessels. From 3000BC pottery was decorated by images depicting boats, Continue reading...