Essays on Ottoman

Armenian Genocide as an Act of Eliminationism

Introduction The word genocide refers to the destruction of a nation or a particular ethnic group. The word is coined from Greek words ‘genos’ and ‘cide’. Genos means race or tribe while cide means killing. A genocide is not always the immediate destruction of a nation or tribe except when it is done by the mass killing of the members of a nation or tribe. Rather genocides signify a gradual coordinated plan composed of different actions aimed at destroying the essential foundations of a group with the aim of annihilating the group. The goals of such a plan would ...

The industrialization of Europe and North America felt an urgent necessity of expansion of their markets where they wanted to sell their goods, machinery, factory equipment, steamships, etc., and to make investments. On the other hand they needed raw materials from all over the world for their industry. The Industrial Revolution demanded a new type of rapid shipping, new type of fast communications, the railroads spread inside continents and countries. Most of the industrial giants opened their offices throughout the world. Slavery was completely abolished since slaves were not necessary any more, but the demand of low paid working ...

Abstract

It is well known that the debates on the religious topics are among the hottest in our time. Understanding the processes of possible differences can significantly smooth or eliminate the conflict altogether. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to study the relationships between representatives of different religions in different countries. Comparing these relations will help to identify possible scenarios for the behavior of the two sides and the possible outcome of the conflict between them. This paper examines the relations between Orthodox Christians and Muslims in the Ottoman Empire and between Catholics and Protestants in the Holy Roman ...

The commonly believed beginning of the Israeli-Palestine conflict began with the founding of the Jewish nationalist movement known as Zionism in the late 1800 with the ultimate goal of establishing a Jewish nation in their what Jews considered their historic homeland, which included areas in present-day Palestine, which was then under the control of the Ottoman empire. Despite the fact that, their traditional homeland was under Ottoman rule, the early 1900s, so many Jews across the world who believed or followed Zionism or supported the establishment of a Jewish nation began to immigrate to Palestine. The local Zionist movement ...

The impact of the Ottoman Empire on the Arab lands that it inhabited were many and varied, as the Empire was both long standing and powerful. The Ottomans influenced the Arabs’ religious lives, their understanding of and access to their lands, and their cultural understanding of themselves. A look at the impact of this time period is paramount to understanding the Arab countries today. The religious experience of Arabs changed significantly during and after the Ottoman rule. While they had been Muslim previously, there was a shift in the nature of the people’s understanding during the Ottoman occupation ...

Introduction

Egypt is one of the oldest nations in the world. Primarily, the country is considered as a republic yet there are certain elements in Egypt’s political system that makes it less democratic than most established democracies in the world. While Egypt has a political system that features elected representatives, the country is non-secular. Officially known as the Arab Republic of Egypt, the country has adopted Islam as its official religion, which makes its political system quite similar to other Islamic states in the Middle East and on other parts of the globe. In this sense, Egypt’s political ...

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“If the Empire were to continue to exist, a new understanding of its problems and fresh solutions would have to be found.”—Norman Itzkowitz in Ottoman Empire and Islamic Tradition, p. 108 quoted in Kevin Goodman’s “The Tanzimat and the Problem of Political Authority.” The above statement is made against the historical backdrop after the Ottoman Empire signed a “peace treaty” that ended a “six-year war, 1768-1774” with Russia, which was referred to as the Treaty of Kuchuck Kainardji (Goodwin 2). This represented a final blow in a “series of defeats” that took place ...

The Armenian Genocide is one of the vigorously contested incidents of mass murder in the 20th Century. The Armenian Genocide is alleged to have been the Ottoman government’s systematic extermination of the minority Armenian population. This occurred in the historic homeland of the Armenians which is within the territory of present-day Turkey. In spite of the many claims, the Turkish government denies it was a genocide. They claim it was a war which involved the mass killing of Ottoman citizens including Muslims and Ottomans. The Turkish government also claims that the number of Armenians who died in the ...

Introduction

The Byzantine Empire was one of the longest reigning empires that lasted for 12 centuries from 332 to 1453 AD. In their prime, Byzantine Empire was the envy of the western world and Eastern kingdoms due to their strong economy, architecture, politics and military. But over time, problems started to creep into the Byzantine Empire most of which was based on their weakening economy and military. The contraction of the Byzantine Empire was due to the continuous array of religious enemies and internal decay that destroyed the empire. Between the Fourth Crusade of 1204 and the last Ottoman Turkish ...

Introduction

The ‘National Merchant’ was connoted by the Young Turks and Unionists in a determined effort of competing with the non-Muslim merchants and dominating the national trade. This was as a result of the initial dominance of trade by the non-Muslim ethnic communities that was in existence during the Ottoman Empire. The members of the ‘National Merchants’ were devoted to the development and consolidation of their positions and the positions of national manufacturers through the consequent promotion of commercial activities of Muslim Turks. The corporations that were established afterwards had little or no affiliation with non-Muslim Ottomans. These corporations were ...

Several historians have studied the development of cities over the Balkans during the Ottoman period. The explorations shed light on how the urban planning in the Balkans looked like and whether those cities could be labeled either Ottoman or a Balkan. However, the Balkan urbanism in the Ottoman era does need a much more profound approach. With the decline of the Cold War period, there was a revival of ethnic, national and linguistic identities in many parts of the world. The result was a new channel of expression within a group and community that led to a conflict of ...

I. Introduction Since the formation of the state of Kosovo, there have been disputes about the legitimacy of the state—some do not recognize the international legitimacy of this state to the current day. Kosovo faces a number of issues that are inherited from its long history of conflict; one of the key problems faced by the country and the future leadership of the country is the problem of security. Because of the conflicted nature of the territory, Kosovo faces significant internal and external pressures (Alexander 14-19; Shaw and Štiks 91). The entire region is war-torn, and this conflict ...

Historic arts are a representation of complex civilization. Islamic art creates an immediate visual impact through its strong aesthetic appeal that transcends distances and space. Since art is a representation of culture, it is influenced by Islamic religion. In this paper, I will describe the basic elements of a particular Islamic art, and see how these elements merge to create such a masterpiece. Islamic art fosters a distinctive culture with its own unique language reflected in art. The piece of art is a glazed fritware bottle (Inv. no. LNS 327 C) from the golden age of the Turkish Empire.

The art is a long necked flask/ ...

Essay for Exam

The success of liberalism is resulted from many different factors. A vast part of Europe overcame revolutions and rebellions in 1848-1849. These actions were swiftly suppressed by the own regular army as in France or with the help of invited Russian army as in the Habsburg’s Empire. The suppression caused dissatisfaction among the population. It was clear that the new legislative measures are needed to hold people and centralize the states. Besides, the system grounded on the aristocratic privileges could not exist anymore. The economic and industrial progress as well as urbanization and capitalism development also played a great ...

Qatar is Western Asian country which is sovereign. Its borders are occupied by Bahrain, the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia. Even though it is sovereign, it is not a democracy. It is a monarchy which is absolute. This state achieved its independence from Britain in 1971. In 1995, after a peaceful coup by Sheikh Khalifa who deposed his father Sheikh Al Thani, he became the Emir. Only until recently has this country emerged as a global player in the world. Through its vast oil reserves, it has become the world’s wealthiest country as far as per capita is concerned. This has boosted ...

The Field Of Struggle for State Power to Understand Of Ethnic Group in the Southeast Turkey

The Kurdish community is a minority group living in Turkey. They are believed to be the largest ethnic group that are not recognized by any state. Because of this reason, they have been involved in a continuous struggle with the government of Turkey. They have been fighting for the right to be recognized and appreciated by the Turkish government (Kaya, 2011, p.15). This paper will give an insight look into the causes behind the struggle in relation to Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of the field.

Pierre Bourdieu was a sociologist, philosopher, and anthropologist from France. He was born on August 1930 and ...

- Suleiman the magnificent:

Suleiman the Magnificent is a Muslim legendary sultan known to be the most successful ottoman ruler. He was the longest reigning sultan among the Ottoman Empire and lived to the age of 72 having reigned from 1520-1566. He steered the Empire to a great height when he extended it to cover up to the Balkans, Gates of Vienna and Hungary. He was viewed as a Muslim religious leader and a ruler for the Muslims in the territory where Islam was the only religion.

Suleiman the Magnificent was a shrewd leader who grew to be an iconic element to date. His relevance today is most ...

BUSINESS PLAN

Keshkek is an traditional food in the Ottoman Cuisine. It is a dish originated from the Turkish nomads culture and after they came to Anatolia, their new name became Ottomans, they continued this traditional food. The Turkish nomads were cooking this dish for special days like wedding celebration. We know that this food was an important dish in the Ottoman palaces.

Keshkek is a very simple food. They boil wheat with boned chicken or beef and they take bones out and blend the boiled meet and the wheat together until it becomes like a gum. This gummy mixture is used as the ...

1. Discuss the reality and significance of the Civil War in U.S. history. What were the factors that led to the outbreak of war? What were the long-term consequences of the conflict? Discuss Lincoln s role. What did emancipation mean to both sides in the war?

The reality of the US Civil War lies with the then economic and social differences between the Northern and Southern parts of the US, where Northern Federal states, grew industrialized, welcoming new cultures, while the Southern confederate states maintained an antiquated social order, and agriculture, utilizing the slaves in their farms. These socio ...

In 1929 my grandfather took the train that runs along the Mediterranean coast from Haifa in the historic Palestine, to the city of Beirut in Lebanon. He did so to catch a ship taking off to Brazil, the New World. There was a strong wave of migration to the new world, even though the only way of traveling at that time was by ship, and this took over three months to reach the port of Rio de Janeiro.

Once at the new land, officials referred to my grandfather as the Turku, even though he was, in fact, Arabic. They did so as ...

The territory of the modern Romania in the middle ages was captured by the Slavs (VI century), Bulgarians and Hungarians in the IX century, the Mongol-Tatars in the XIII century. In the XIV century, the territory of present-day Romania was formed by two feudal principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, which were conquered by the Ottoman Empire in the XVI century. In the XVI century, the Transylvanian principality was founded, which has left the Hungarian authorities and recognized the suzerainty of the Turkish sultan. In comparison with other Balkan territories, captured by the Ottomans, Moldavia, Wallachia, and Transylvania retained greater ...

Main actors were the Entente, which included the Russian Empire, the French Republic and the United Kingdom; and the Central Powers, submitted by Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria. Germany wanted war exactly as much as France or Britain. Russia, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire were slightly less interested, provided that they were the weakest links in the conflict. The proclamation of war took place against the background of the Franco-Prussian War, when France suffered a catastrophic defeat. This has become a national disgrace. In addition, France agreed to pay Germany an indemnity of 5 billion francs. To a large ...

Mr. Nick ideas of holding virtual meetings in Ottoman Empire is a good idea since the company is growing up fast at a rate of 12% annually. According to Mr. Nick the virtual meetings are going to reduce the expenses incurred in transport, meals and accommodation as the Ottoman Empire has several regional outlet around Chicago. The company day to day business is going to run as per company requirement because no activities are to be interfered with. Virtual meeting will help the staff to think critical and air their views without the fear of facing other. Through this the company ...

The Ottoman Empire embraced the ruling and subject classes and divisions by social affiliations. Each social group was often different and diverse based on wealth and rank in the society. The level of literacy in Ottoman Empire rose due to the presence of Christian, Jewish, primary and secondary schools. (Quataert 169).The architecture of the rural homes consisted sufficiently comfortable stone built houses. In the urban areas, the wealthy class lived in modernized and adequately furnished houses. The poorer class consisted of houses built with stone, which were plastered with cow dung (Quataert 156). The homes among the ...

Counterfactual History: What Ifs of the Gallipoli Campaign

Introduction Although counterfactual history is concerned with what didn’t happen, it acts as a manifestation of what did. Without a doubt, counterfactual history challenges the traditional academic ways of thinking with regards to risk management in the historical analysis. It explicitly inflates the range of plausible explanations by focusing on the number of possible outcomes. In doing so, there is a threat that a multiplicity of chaotic perspectives, each facilitated by chance and contingency might open up. In the case of the Gallipoli Campaign, the following questions may be asked if the Ottomans did not win at Gallipoli:

Would the Republic of Turkey still have been established?

Would the Russian ...

Question 1. Tokugawa policy towards Japanese isolation from the outer world was conditioned by one motive –necessity to survive. In order to protect the existing socio-political order in the state, Tokugawa dynasty had to handle threats to country’s unity and stability. By closing Japan to foreigners, Tokugawa solved three problems at a time. From the foreign policy perspective, it protected the country from the colonization by Spain and Portugal. From the perspective of the domestic affairs, prohibition of direct foreign trade weakened daimyos’ influence, which was challenging the ruling dynasty’s authority. The final benefit of isolationism was unification ...

Chapter 22: The Great War

The twentieth century marked the onset of the World War I in 1914. This Great War lasted for 4 years and came to an end when the empires of Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary and Ottoman were defeated. People called it the Great War since it was the first war they had ever experienced. This first modern war had many important causes and consequences that marked its place in the world history. The most popular reason for the start of the war is the assassination of Arch-Duke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the empire of Austria-Hungry. However, to summarize it in a ...

Essay for Exam Chapter 18

With the curtains drawn on Napoleon’s conquests, the entire European continent had to be restructured to balance power and collectively suppress revolution in 1815 and so the Concert of Europe was set up to meet from time to time under the leadership of Austrian foreign minister Clemens von Metternich. Britain, Prussia, Austria and Russia who emerged as victorious powers sent delegates to Vienna to organize this reconstitution forming the Congress of Vienna. Count Metternich allowed Prussia and the Kingdom of Netherlands to grow and a large number of small states were grouped to form the German Confederation. At the ...

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My name is Selim. I am from the Ottoman Empire where I worked as a Cassoum with my job description entailing property handling for the orphans in my city. The city of Salonica was my home, where I lived with my wife, three sons, and my sister-in-law. You should know my house was one of the largest in the city standing on a pleasantly vast property with an incredible view of the city and its residents. It is no wonder the government moved so fast to posses it upon my exile. ...

The Russian Empire

The Russian Empire was one of the most extensive empires in the history of the world. The Empire encompassed three continents and was only exceeded by the Mongol and the British empires. Prior to the 1905 revolution that led to Russia becoming a constitutional monarchy, the Empire was an absolute monarch. It was an elitist state and remained as such prior to the World War I. The leaders often paid no attention to the public opinion regarding foreign policy. Policies were made on the basis of the evaluation of the leaders. As such, the Russian government operated in accordance with ...

Part I

During the 17th century, the European underwent a social, political and economic transformation as compared to the Arab worlds. This meant that the British increased in population at a higher rate as opposed to the Arab, improved technologically and economically also (Clancy and Smith 34). This brought a superiority complex between the two worlds with the Europeans proving to be the dominant in many instances. This made the Arabs to start looking forward to the ways and culture of the European. This greatly influenced the great reformations in the Arab Empires hence inviting the British to their land in the 19th century. ...

The Turkish independence war led to the birth of the Republic of Turkey. The post-colonial government was expected to be a bastion of freedom and civil liberties. The Ottoman Empire had been defeated in the First World War, and the Sultanate abolished. The Turkish people formed the Turkish National Movement to wage war against the allied nations to grant independence to Turkey. A nationalistic government was formed in 1923 after the Treaty of Lausanne, which led to the establishment of the Turkish Republic. After independence, the government was considered to be despotic in relation to the human rights. The Kurdish ...

Islam and Democracy

Introduction The literature that has been written about Islam and democracy are both highly complicated in terms of interpretation of the fundamentals of democracy and are in an equal sense argued from several points of reference. These factors are compelling and are significant to the level of democracy in the Islamic world. The comparative debate presented in arguments by Irfan Ahmad and Bernard Lewis creates major literature that reveals the limitations in this path of inquiry. The main proposition in their argument is the discussion of the cliché aspect that surrounds Islam and their objective levels. The core ...

This article is about the artistic efflorescence in the Ottoman Empire. The Sultan’s court was considered a ‘court studio’, the center of art production. The Ottoman Emperors encouraged the architectures, calligraphers, goldsmiths and other related artists to work through rewarding them with gold and other precious items, in return. Road system was designed, and other architectural decisions were taken to improve the systems of the state. According to the Ottoman history, in their daily lives many sultans wore simple clothes, in accordance with Islamic precepts. Later Mehmed promoted and ordered special fancy clothes for the King’s Family ...

During the late 18th century, the power of the Ottoman Empire Began to decline, this is when the Eastern Question emerged. The Eastern Question in the European history refers to the political problems that came about once the Ottoman Empire started falling apart. The Eastern Questions does not refer to a particular question but refers to the many problems that came by once the Ottoman Empire declined in the 18th,19th and 20th Century. These problems were mainly on the European territories that were subjects of the Ottoman Empire; they were experiencing instabilities after the collapse of the empire. ...

In the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire, the Ottoman Egypt and Qajar Persia embarked on ambitious project to reform their countries. The empires wanted to develop form the Stone Age to the modern ages. This saw the improvement of their arm including their arsenals, the banking systems, decriminalization of homosexuality and the introduction of secular laws. There were major projects introduced all-round the empires including development of infrastructure and the economy in general. They sought the help of the Europeans as they needed funds to finance their projects. This led the empires to sign treaties and agreements that ...

Democracy, Rights, and Empire

Thesis Europe has seen it all; revolutions, plague, recession, famine, revolts, and invasions, and this was why, when opportunity came knocking at their doors, the few powerful nations of Europe, adventured to expand and control their business interests far from their shores. In order to understand how and why this transpired, one needs to go back in time and understand Europe as it was in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

Background

The Rise of Europe between 1500 and 1850 was largely accounted for by the growth of European nations which shared their borders with the Atlantic, and in particular, ...

PART I:

Britain played a crucial role in shaping the economic and political history through the way it colonized various countries in the Middle East and North Africa. The aspects of European imperialism are shown clearly how it influenced the economic and political activities in the countries in the Middle East and North Africa. Several forms of European imperialism were reflected between the period of 1750 to 1914 in countries like Algeria, Egypt and Tunisia. Napoleon brought a great influence and impact in Egypt while French colonization in Algeria contributed to the way various economic and political forces were shaped in such countries. ...

Introduction

The German nation was relatively young, born in 1871 after more than half a dozen German speaking kingdoms and duchies came together to form the German empire. However the German Reich encountered several problems during its time that eventually led to its collapse. The country not only witnessed serious political problems but social ones as well. Majority of the population was against the authoritarian rule of the monarchy but the handlers of the empire ensured power did not slip out of their hands through whatever means. Several domestic problems faced the country with civil unrest, the threat posed by the ...

Introduction:

This paper is about a particular object in the Houston Museum of Fine Arts. I have chosen the item known as ‘Glazed Fritware Bottle’ from Iznik in Turkey dating from the 16th Century and pertaining to the Ottoman Empire. The paper will attempt to analyse the object in detail with regards to its form, line, shape, color, texture, mass and composition and will also provide a detailed artistic appraisal of the object. The Glazed Fritware Bottle carries catalogue number: Lns 327C and is part of the famed Al Sabah Collection of Kuwait, which is on permanent exhibition at the museum. There ...

Essay for Lesson 1: The 1848 Revolution, the Second Reich, and the First World War

Introduction Prior to 1871, no notion of a unified Germany has ever existed. Yet, the inevitability of the unification of the thirty-nine German states and cities that used to be independent from the control of one another into a single national entity under the Second Reich did not transpire without attendant internal and external power struggles. Given the variety of circumstances that allowed for the rise of a unified German state, it is noteworthy to pay further analysis to the role of Germany under the Wilhelmine Period – the period when Emperor William II ruled (1890-1918), in the buildup to the First ...

Introduction

The Palestinian-Israeli conflict has been among most notable longstanding conflicts in world history, mainly because its controversy centers on the sovereignty over the land known as Palestine but currently occupied, in large part, by the Jewish people as Israel. Both sides have proved uncompromising – Palestinian Arabs, whose population include Muslims and non-Muslims (Christians and Judaists), claim that Palestine has been their homeland for so many years, while Jews support their claim for the establishment of Israel over Palestinian lands on account that such form what they call the Promised Land. With no solution currently in sight, both Palestinians and ...

[Professor]

Iran and Turkey are predominantly Islamic countries. Women since time immemorial share the same sentiments of male domination and severe violence and non-participation. On the other hand, both countries have women’s movements that are still in place up to this day. Both of the movements have ebbs and flows but they were able to withstand the wrath of patriarchy, and most importantly, they were able to fight back. From being marginalized and subjected to state fascism, women in Iran and Turkey are now enjoying some of the fruits of the long-running women’s movements. Their dreams of ...

Mehmed II, son of Murad II (1403-1451), was the third son and in contrast to his brothers who were born from the noble Turkish women, he was born to a slave mother. Mehmed received a good religious education and served as governor. His father Murad, a successful conqueror and skilled administrator, sought to move away from the control. In 1444, he made Mehmed the Sultan but under the tutelage of Khalil. Since 1448, Mehmed took part in all the important campaigns and administrative activities of the state (Freely, 2009). Mehmed II, as well as many outstanding representatives of the Ottoman dynasty, ...

Introduction

This paper analyzes the fall Europe into the dark ages (middle ages) after the collapse of the Roman Empire while the Islamic world entered into a golden age of learning and culture. In relation to the paper discusses the social, cultural, political and religious factors which accounted for the transformation of a largely Bedouin society into the center of the world learning while the collapse of the roman empire led to nearly a thousand years of backwardness among Europeans.

Analysis

Western medieval studies considered the beginning of the collapse of the Middle Ages the Western Roman Empire at the end of the 5th ...

Influence of Britain and Australia on Middle East during the Great War

The Great War, or the World War I, saw its end in 1918, but even after 86 years, there is no end in sight to the violence that it triggered. The end of the War influenced and shaped our modern world to an extent like none else. Although the reflection of today’s development, as a whole, traces its route back to the decisions taken during and post-World War I, the one place where the violent results still echo is Middle East. Middle East had been ruled by the Ottoman Empire since four decades. By the end of 1914, ...

Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire is one of the major forces that shaped the political, economic and the social arena of most of the countries in South Eastern Europe. Weidenfeld (1995) asserts that the might of the empire was not only felt in Europe but also in many parts of African Islamic states and in the Middle East (p.45). Osman I. was the founder of the Empire in 1299. It grew from a small state called Constantinople (now known as Istanbul) to the mighty Empire. From scratch to larger empire, Ottoman Empire was faced by numerous challenges during its rule. This article ...

How Muslim Brotherhood began as a religious institution

The Muslim brotherhood is also called the Muslim brethren or The Society of Muslim Brothers. This is an Islamic organization that has a political approach to Islam. It was founded in the year 1928 in Egypt by cleric Hassan al-Banna after the Ottoman Empire collapsed. The organization has been strongly linked to the reign of terrorism that has been downplayed by many Muslims in the world. They state that the organization only has an Islamic political approach in the country and therefore they do not involve themselves with violence. Many terror groups have been linked with the organization across the ...

Apparently it is of essence to denote that, though Albania is a country that has the aptitude to develop economically and politically. Their capacity to engage in beneficial associations is evidently suppressed due to their earlier engagements (McCormick and Jonathan 47). In essence, being part of the Ottoman Empire that was predominant in 17th century affected Albania in many apparent ways. Though Ottoman Empire was developed for as good course as it may give the impression. Times associated with it are deemed unproductive and unrefined considering that it had a lot of biases that technically alienated non-Muslim countries (Bogdani and John ...

Colonial cities were built by colonists and used for different purposes in the countries that they conquered. Most of them were used as central trading centers where the colonists performed trading activities with other countries. They had the diversity of culture because of the mixed cultures that were represented by their colonists and trade partners. Colonial cities were built by colonialists and most of them remain so to this day, with only a few adjustments. Johannesburg in South Africa is an example of a city that was built by colonialists and is at the top of the hierarchy among the most ...

Introduction

On February 28th 1998 an armed conflict ensued lasting until June 1999 in Kosovo. The warring parties were namely the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Kosovo Liberation Army constituted of Kosovo Albanian rebels. The former was operating under the auspices of the Montenegro and Serbian republics while the latter had the ground support from the NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) and the Albanian forces. According to Christian Nielsen’s Ethnic Cleansing: Kosovo, conflict traces its roots to the historical contentions dated back to 1939. It is in this year, that Serbian and Ottoman forces went to war ...

Introduction

History of the Ottoman Empire is saturated with different thrilling events. The release of David Lean's movie “Lawrence of Arabia” made it possible for the general audience to see how the British Empire campaigned during World War I to achieve independence for the Arab countries from the Ottoman Empire. The movie, however, does not answer the question why the British troops supported the Arabs and why the Turkish chose Germans at their allies. The movie also does not explain what the mission of Lawrence of Arabia in the deserts was. Other prominent authors have widely speculated on the themes ...

The terms Deep State has been derived from the Turkish origins Derin Devlet that is defining the phrase Deep State as A State within a State. Turkish people understand this phrase to be having a unique meaning, which is an anti democratic approach of running the country or the state. To give it some clarification, (although the idea of a deep state is very vague even for the people residing in the state i.e. Turkey), deep state is actually a group or collection of people with similar agendas and thoughts, mostly seen to be ill natured, who have connections with the ultra nationalists ...

Book review: The Renaissance Bazaar: From the Silk Road to Michelangelo

During 1400 to 1600, the remarkable development in European society in the fields of art, politics, philosophy, and, culture is Renaissance. French historian Jules Michelet claimed Renaissance as a French phenomenon but, as per Swiss academic Jacob Burckhardt, birth place of modern world is Italy. From the mythological explanation of the evolution of Europe to the meaning of Renaissance according to Jules Michelet, Jacob Burckhardt, Walter Peter, Erwin Panofsky, Stephen Greenblatt, `The Renaissance Bazaar` is an analytical history of the evolution of Renaissance and explains how the interactions between the east and the west through trade and exchanges influenced the ...

The institutional affiliation

This caesardom was established by Turkic tribes in Anatolia. The Ottoman Empire has existed from 1299 to 1923, in other words, more than 600 years. Its title comes from the name of Sultan Osman I, the founder of the dynasty of the Ottomans. The empire reached its peak of influence during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. Many causes contributed to the rise of the new powers. For example, the Millet System. It was a legal court refered to personal rights, in which some communities could rule according to their own rules. The Millet System of Islamic law has been ...

The development of the Zionist movement created a powerful Jewish community in Palestine. Zionism describes a type of Jewish nationality. The people from this nationality believe that their survival, both physically and culturally is only possible if they return to their ancestral home. The ancestral home of Zionists is Israel. If they do not return to their homes then, they have scarce chances of surviving in the world. In the beginning, the group was more of a nationalist movement, seeking liberation so that they can go back to the ancestral home (Anita, 67). The movement began as a way of reminding Jews of ...

Toward the end of the fifteenth Century, Islamic social orders remained at a financial, political and social zenith. They were rich and rationally, deductively, innovatively, and officially exceptional. Compelling armed forces and exchange systems had spread the authority of Islamic society from the Atlantic drift through the southern Mediterranean and North Africa to the Middle East, Southeast Asia and parts of China. Difficulties were repulsed. The Crusades influenced a little piece of the Islamic world. After the dismissal of Baghdad by the Mongols (who were changed over to Islam inside one hundred years), politically and financially, Islam more than recuperated. Be ...

What led the British to occupy Egypt in 1882? Besides the fact that it was the result of colonial expansion, and the spirit of colonialism was fueled by British imperial hegemony, what benefits did Egypt have financially for England? In this paper, the factors that took place before the British occupation, the actual occupation itself, and its aftermath, will be discussed from the point of view of economic history. Cotton, the American Civil War, an overspending khedive, the Suez canal construction, jockeying Europeans countries, and the cosmopolitan makeup of 19th century Egypt all play a part in the story. In ...

(Insert Institute) An increase in population and wealth led to the creation of governments and in turn saw to the rise of powerful empires. Said empires have since been recorded among the most influential domains in the history of the world. Consequently, as one empire rose to power another fell in the hands of their enemies thus creating a form of competition amongst neighboring domains. For instance, Greece was a colony of the Ottoman Empire until the Greek War of Independence that lasted between 1821 and 1831 (Masters and Agoston, 2009, p. 240). Therefore, the empires rose to power depending ...

Le Corbusier’s design for a city of three million people was has been adopted by many cities in today, mainly because of its modernized plan. The architecture designed by the theorist has incorporated the economic, cultural and political parts of the city but still keeps its design modernized and sophisticated. The contemporary city of three million people appreciates the use of space between where every division has a specific function. The divisions will be based on characteristics of the function or role they wish to provide. The divisions in this case are referred to as fields, which can be identified ...