Essays on Terrorists

Human rights are fundamental for any individual anywhere in the world. The world is always changing and transforming to meet the needs of the increasing globalization and internationalization. In essence, different countries have different sets of human rights. However, there are universal human rights established by international organizations, most notably the United Nations. They are mostly the fundamental freedoms. They include the freedoms of speech, religion, association, expression, and the right to life. Everyone is entitled to these rights, and there are disciplinary measures for countries or leaders who commit crimes that violate the fundamental rights. However, a select ...

Soldiers differ from political officials as appropriate targets of terrorist attacks because soldiers are considered as combatants driven by the political motives of the officials in charge. Soldiers are considered to be guided by the interests of those in power and their threatening nature compels terrorists to act against them. Therefore, orchestrating attacks on military personnel is considered ethical. On the other hand, despite political officials being considered as the agents of regimes thought to be oppressive (Walzer 7), they are noncombatants hence attacking them is not justifiable. Also, the political code stipulated prevents political officials from being targets ...

Literature Review

Literature Review

Methodology: Scholarly articles/ journals. Literature Review It is worth mentioning that most critics have blamed the Islam religion for the rise of terrorism and other insecurities across the world. The West has been especially critical of anybody that has an Islam background because most terrorists cite the Islamic ideologies to kill others. The religious intolerance has led to misunderstandings between mostly the West and the Islamic countries. The perspective has come to be popularly known as the Islam-West divide by most scholars. While explaining the Islam-West divide, Nader Hashemi (2014) states that religion and politics have been ...

Introduction

Nowadays, unfortunately, terrorism has become an issue number on the universal agenda, since its outcomes affect the global security and undermine human rights values. After the 9/11 Susan Rice, assistant secretary of state for Africa in Clinton administration, described Africa as world’s “underbelly for global terrorism”, meaning numerous physical, legal and financial safe havens (ungoverned spaces) in Africa as space for those, who are interested in training, mobilizing and operating terrorists (Solomon n.p.). Therefore, as African terrorism is to threaten the security of the whole continent as well as to erode the peace of the whole world, it ...

Introduction

Since the dawn of human civilization annihilation of millions of people has been occurring. After the two World Wars, this annihilation took place through many civil wars fought within the nations all over the world. The Genocide or the mass killing of a particular ethnic group has been a common phenomenon in civil wars. In 1990s, the Kashmiri Hindus were expelled by Muslim terrorists through severe massacre. The question is whether mass massacre is the answer to any problem. There is a universal agreement that genocide is immoral and unethical (Jones, 1999). Still even after the horrified consequences of ...

The terror threat has existed for many decades in many nations. One of the primary cause of past, present, and future of terror threats is the political interest with the aim of violating democratic values of people in a country and violate the right and freedoms of people in a country. The causes have been the same over the years. However, a current cause of terror threats is the attempt of the counter terror attack by other groups thus leading to terrorist activities. However, in future, causes would be the conflict of interest among groups claiming other nations discriminate ...

English

There are so many airports globally, that handle a large number of people than any mode of transport. Air transport has enabled the economic growth to most of these countries. They also operate at all times of the day yearly. There are several security measures in airports which have been there since long time ago. With the current revolution in technology all over the world, I personally agree that airport security should be increased. Comparing the rate of people traveling nowadays and a long time ago, the number has greatly increased as well as the number of airlines ("Global ...

The United Nations Mission of Observer in Tajikistan was initiated in December 1994 and expired in May 2000. The main aim of United Nations was to focus on the peacekeeping mission to maintain peace after Tajikistan’s Civil War. The observers were deployed in Tajikistan to promote peace and demobilization. International and national observers promoted peace by monitoring peace activities and initiating negotiations between opposing parties. The headquarters of the mission were located in Dushanbe, Tajikistan with an aim to monitor peace between the ruling government and the United Tajikistan opposition. The paper highlights three major drawbacks of United ...

In this paper, we will explore the psychological impacts of two human-made disasters. One that happened during the First World War, and the other one is a recent terrorist attack in Paris, in 2015. The Lusitania Disaster was an attack from the German army to a British ship liner coming from New York to Liverpool, UK. The terrorist attack in Paris however was not a war attack, so people were not expecting anything as such. However, it can be argued that we are on a war today, that begun by several attacks of radical Islamic groups against the West. ...

Introduction

A country’s economic and security prosperity highly relies on the aviation system that is operating efficiently. The existence of weak security poses a threat to aircraft safety and those that are boarding it. The hostile nation-states, criminals and terrorists have been viewing the aviation sector as a target for exploitation and attack. Successful airport attacks inflict grave economic damage, mass casualties and negatively affect the airline transportation system. The air transport sector should adopt appropriate ways of managing different incidents and threats. Intelligence and Threat Assessment play a significant role in mitigating numerous risks in the aviation industry. ...

Report To Respond To DHS Request for Information

Report To Respond To DHS Request for Information It is worth mentioning that the Department of Homeland Security ensures that the nation is safe from the danger of attacks, especially external threats from terrorists and other attacks that may make Americans feel insecure. Apart from that, homeland security ensures that in the case of an attack on Americans, the impact does not escalate. Hence, it is an all-around entity that was set up to safeguard the security interests of all Americans regardless of which part of the country one resides. Also, both natural disasters and human-made disasters are taken ...

The article, named “Lessons from the History of Art Crime “Saving Artifacts from Terrorists” is an adaptation of the talk, given at The Courtauld Institute at the combined Courtauld/ARCA event, "Art and Terrorism" by Noah Charney on the 26th of February. The speaker brings up one of the most actual questions, terrifying, dreadful and barbarian, regarding the art’s safety – the demolishing of art because of the terrorists’ attacks. The fact that it has been caused by humans brings even more importance to this issue, placing it on the international arena. However, the main reason to all of these ...

The 9/11 attacks became the stimulus for the creation of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for it made the people become aware of the massive destruction that can be caused by terrorist attacks. After the September 11 attack in America which destroyed the Twin Towers in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington, America decided to create an agency that is solely dedicated to secure all borders of the country, respond to disasters and to strengthen the cyber security and infrastructure, and to deter any act of terrorism. Although there are some events of terrorism occurred in ...

On November 5, 2009, the son of Palestinian immigrants, Army Major Nidal Malik Hasan randomly fired into a crowd at a processing center at Fort Hood, the largest active-duty military post in the country (Army Major kills, n.d.). One would be hard pressed to find a larger military stage to conduct such blatant murder. Despite the Major shouting ‘God is great’ in Arabic, “Allahu Akbar”, just before he opened fire on soldiers who were either returning from deployment, or getting ready to be deployed, there was a denial by the government to officially label the shooting as an act ...

William Kunstler: Disturbing the Universe is a documentary that follows the life of a radical-leftist attorney. However, the captivating and incendiary film is also based on the tragic form of liberal guilt. The movie revolves around the numerous cases that Kunstler was involved with until his demise. The film depicts William Kunstler as the passionate defender of the American people’s civil rights, earning him the reputation through defending a majority of the controversial defendants during the 20th Century. In Kunstler’s profession, he defended the American Indian Movement, Chicago 8, the Attica Prison rioters, the Freedom Riders, and ...

INTRODUCTION

There are some events in the course of the world’s growth and development that seem likely to occur; people will experience conflict, social unrest, possible warfare and any number of natural disasters that can devastate communities all across the globe. In the modern era one of the most terrifying of occurrences are terrorist attacks. Terrorist threats can exist unnoticed; no one knows when they may occur and what public place, government buildings or function that may be targeted. This makes terrorist attacks a huge source of stress, fear and shock for the people and for the governments involved. ...

Terrorism is a very important issue that is plaguing the world today with a large number of countries being affected by it. While it has had a long history, it has come to the limelight after September 11, 2001, strikes on World Trade Center in the U.S. However, terrorism can be either domestic or international and this distinction is important as the consequences of the terrorism may depend on the type of terrorism. For example, international terrorism can have a greater adverse impact on the economic growth of a country than domestic terrorism. The causes of domestic and international ...

The underlying issues and considerations in conducting covert operations within the context of counterterrorist operations are also discussed. This is done in relation to the need to established better methods for critically and judicially examining each case while simultaneously dealing with potential threats in a quick and efficient manner. The methods used in order to focus the direction of policy towards such ends are considered as well as the frameworks by which policy is shaped and maintained throughout the challenges that are likely to be faced. The underlying frameworks and systems in place in order to ensure that these ...

Introduction

The clash of ignorance by Edward Said is a response to Samuel Huntington's article The Clash of Civilizations that was published in 1993. The latter sparked tremendous controversy and diverse reactions from scholars and the civilizations discussed in the article. Said in his article that appeared in the Nation in October 2001, vehemently refutes Huntington’s perception of civilizations and identities claiming the latter had no right to do.

Article Summary

The article by Said rejects the Huntington’s belief that the current conflict in the world relies heavily on two major entities; Islam and the West. Said further dismisses Huntington's ...

Terrorism and cyber terrorism become one of the main global threats to the humanity of XXI century. Nowadays cyber terrorism is the inherent part of the modern terrorism. So we can not discuss the question of terrorism without taking into account the cyber terrorism. Both terrorism and cyber terrorism carry a threat to various states, organizations, groups of people and etc., but when the terrorism uses as a battle-field all accessible variants, cyber terrorism is only in the network. There is no doubt that cyber terrorism and terrorism have similarities but it also has a lot of differences. The ...

According to the world-famous quote, “The one who owns information owns the world”. That is why it is important to stay aware of all current state of affairs and the emergent technologies. In order to do so, a certain well-structured and complex approach to information and its analysis is definitely needed, and the one may be provided by the technique of the Intelligence Cycle. Therefore the aim of this essay will be to introduce and analyze the concept of the Intelligence Cycle, as well as consider the methods of information gathering about potential terrorists, which is one of the ...

The Clash of Civilizations as a Discourse for Interpreting Treatment of Arab Americans by Law Enforcement Agencies

Introduction The treatment of young Muslims by the FBI agents and their subsequent conviction for concocted terror charges in the Human Rights Watch’s video represents a quintessential clash of Western and Arab civilizations due to cultural, racial and religious identities. According to the video by the Human Rights Watch (2014), the FBI responded to terrorism made by the Islamic terrorist groups by rounding up and prosecuting people who are suspected to be terrorists. It is like any person of Arab descent or from the Muslim community have been labeled and generally branded as being potential terror suspects. This ...

Thesis: The role of U.S. military has become the primary force which opposes terrorism by capturing and/or eliminating terrorists as is exemplified by two raids that were conducted in Tripoli and Somali (Starr, Perez, & Botelho, 2013). These two instances also illustrate how the United States views itself as the one who should decide what to do with terrorists once they are captured as they took the terrorists without discussing it with the Libyan government giving the rest of the world the impression that the US believes they are superior.

Two International Incidents

The capture of Abu Anas al Libi in Tripoli (2013) ...

Essay #2

Humanities 4501: 9/11 Literature and Film Introduction There are different portrayals of Mohamed Atta, one of the terrorists who participated in the 9/11 attacks, in the story “The Last Days of Muhammad Atta,” written by Martin Amis, and the film The Hamburg Cell, directed by Antonia Bird. This paper examines both the story and the film and provides a comprehensive comparison of their portrayals of Mohamed Atta. It is clear that there are significant differences and similarities between how the story and the film portray Atta. In particular, this paper compares how the two narratives portray Atta’s feelings ...

In the recent past, terrorism has become a dangerous threat to the international security due to the negative publicity, economic impact and devastating casualties to the affected countries (Smith, 2012).As noted by Smith (2012) terrorism refers to a deliberate, politically motivated aggression perpetrated against innocent civilians so as to influence an audience. Primarily, terrorists use terrorist acts to convey an ideological message or express a political objection through the destruction of properties or violence. A series of well coordinated terrorist attacks in Paris on November 13, 2015, whereby three suicide bombers lodged attacks during a football match near ...

Introduction

The degree that digital terrorism is a threat to people’s safety is amongst the most challenging of themes in the twenty first century. To a limited extent, this is a result of terminological question . More far reaching originations of digital terrorism as any type of online terrorist action obviously have a tendency to be connected with a higher evaluated likelihood of the risk's emergence than accomplish more prohibitive records (Cassim, 2012). In the meantime, as itemized further underneath, contending risk evaluations stay regardless of the fact that we limit our centre to smaller understandings of this idea (portrayed, ...

CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE ROLE OF CRISIS IN INDUCING POLICY CHANGE

Introduction Most nations make policies after they enter serious crisis. There is a general notion that a critical problem requires a critical solution. Thus, nations that came under Nazi or Japanese attack in the eve of the Second World War declared a state of emergency and made sweeping changes to their national policies. These changes had far-reaching impacts on the functioning of the arms of governments and the entire nation had to suspend various activities to implement the policies in response to the crises. However, after World War II, significant events have been considered as turning points in national ...

In an article titled ‘How Religion Can Lead to Violence’, Gary Gutting explains his view on the current state of terrorism in the world. Gutting (2016) elaborates that almost all the recent terror attacks all over the world have received almost the same response from Islamic leaders who have distanced the causes of terrorists from their tolerant religion. Clearly, Gutting is of the position that Islamic teachings have failed to teach Muslims tolerance as Christianity has done to its adherents. After reading the article, I was utterly disappointed in the arguments that Gutting presented in a topic defined by ...

Introduction

Gun control refers to as laws and policies that have been enacted to regulate the manufacture, transfer, possession as well as the use of guns by the civilians. Gun control in the United States came at a time when massive shooting, killing, suicide, and gun related violence was on the rise in the United States. It is because of this that President Barrack Obama and his committee decided to propose the gun control policy. The annual review of public health statistics shows that gun related deaths tally to approximately 33,000 annually (Wintemute and Garen 9). For information on ...

Introduction

Generally, Free Thought can be attributed to almost all developments and advancements in the world. Ranging from innovations and technological developments to religion and political changes, free thought seems to be the main driver of change. Free thought requires that free thinkers hold their positions regarding truth based on empiricism, logic, and reason. This implies that a free thinker should not be influenced by such things as tradition, authority or revelation. Free thought has developed a society of civilized people and advanced technology leading to the end of ineffective and bureaucratic regimes and religions that brought about differences within ...

FTOs (Foreign Terrorist Organizations) are foreign groups that the Secretary of State designates “in accordance with section 219 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA)” (“Chapter 6,” 2012). The designation of FTOs is crucial to fighting terrorism and helps to curtail support for terror activities. Accordingly, section 219 provides criteria for the legal designation of FTOs. First, an organization must be foreign-based in order to be labeled as an FTO. Secondly, the group must be involved in terrorist operations or maintain “the capability and intent to engage in terrorist activity or terrorism” (“Chapter 6,” 2012). Thirdly, the terror activity ...

The war, US has begun in Iraq, is one of the most contradictory topics to discuss. One says it was a huge fail of the USA, other justify this war by national interests and by widespread of democracy. But it has not only positive influence on the situation in Iraq. This war has generated even more problems than not only Iraq but world society had before it. Using the article of Larry Diamond What went wrong in Iraq we should try to define the biggest mistakes that US administration has made; identify the main problems facing Iraq and find ...

Essay #2

Introduction There are different portrayals of the same character in the story “The last days of Muhammad Atta” and the film “The Hamburg Cell.” The report below examines both the text and the film and provides a comprehensive comparison of the portrayal of characters and terrorist motivations. This is achieved by examining the different perspectives used by the author, as well as, the filmmaker in telling the story of America’s 9/11 attack and the individuals behind its planning and execution. Furthermore, the report examines the different character traits portrayed in both sources. It is clear from the analysis ...

There is a controversial question whether it is possible to justify torture. A similar question arises in the debate on whether it is possible to justify the use of torture during interrogations of suspected terrorists. Arguments in favor of torture starts with utilitarian calculation. Torture is causing the suspect suffering that dramatically reduce his/her happiness or favor. From the utilitarian point of view, it can be argued that the infliction of suffering is morally justified if torture prevent death and suffering on a massive scale. The arguments of the former US Vice-President Richard Cheney, who claimed that the use ...

Ever since the infamous attacks in the World Trade Center last September 11, 2001, the view of the world regarding terrorism has changed forever. To counter terrorism attacks in their countries, governments of various nations have set up diverse procedures and operations that specifically aim to curb the terrorist organizations and their attacks, and to eliminate their threats once and for all. For example, airport terminals thoroughly scan passengers, malls and various establishments check the baggage of entrants, surveillance companies spy on telephone calls by civilians in order to search for suspicious activities, etc. have been utilized in order ...

An ever increasing number of people make use of airports on a daily basis. It is therefore inevitable that the level of security in the airports is much higher when compared to other areas and installations that do not experience as much traffic. As a result, a number of techniques have been devised to detect any potentially harmful objects and/or persons that may put the safety and security of the airport and its users as risk. It is especially the case given the rapid spread of the global terrorism phenomenon which has made air travel a primary target. It ...

Psychology of Lone Wolf Terrorism

Introduction 2 Analysis 2

Psychological aspect of Lone Wolves 4 Conclusion 7 Introduction Terrorism and activities related to it have for long been a major part of the present day world. Different wars, battles, and treaties have shaped the modern world, which has been encountering terrorist activities for a long time now. They have been carried out by different means and strategies which continue to take newer forms in the modern world. One such new type of terrorism includes Lone Wolf Terrorism, which has become a common concept these days. This paper will discuss the idea behind the Lone ...

Abstract

After the 9/11 event agro-terrorism has continually been recognized as a national security threat. It aims at depriving citizens off the confidence they have in the government. The act also endangers human life as the contaminated food is unhealthy. Agriculture has much vulnerability and although it does not have the shocking factors as other terrorist strategies it may be used as a secondary target. The US not having been a victim of a large-scale, successful agro-terrorism attack is not a guarantee that the nation’s agricultural and food processing systems are secure. Many policies have been implemented and initiatives ...

The United States has seen a change in its security situation over the last three decades. Before the 9/11 attack, U.S. concentrated on preventing the attack of its citizens and property by jihadists who were mostly affiliated to Muslim countries. Still, U.S. authorities tracked the footsteps of all foreign-grown movements that posed a danger to the property and U.S. citizens working out the United States. After 9/11 attack, the U.S. began focusing on a more comprehensive and robust system to protect the United States from both domestic and international terrorism attacks. At this juncture, domestic and international groups carried ...

Nationalist terrorism is very widespread in the world. Its existence was revealed in terrorist activities of groups that seek independence from a particular country, ensures the superiority of one nation over another within one country (Ciment, 2015). The main reason for the period of nationalist terrorism in the United States from 1960s to 1980s was the beginning of Islamization. US Islamization began in the 1960s, when there was an influx of people coming to the United States of America from Muslim countries, mainly from Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Syria and Pakistan. According to the latest statistical research, the number of ...

Introduction

The distinction between how the West and the East control their local affairs, and how they organize their institutions is enormous. In a normal context, though, even two states in similar vicinity exhibit major differences in individual economic policies, religious inclination, and political systems. Notwithstanding that, it is important to appreciate the similarities and dissimilarities that manifest due to the location in certain regions. The case of Saudi Arabia and France is a good one to understand how regional influences affect, the systems of government, political institutions, faith and economic policies of a state. For instance, the Saudi Arabia ...

The article we are to analyze is devoted to an urgent and pressing problem of global terrorism and the ways how government can prevent and preclude it. There are at least four methods that, according to the source in question, may be used in the process of fighting off terrorism. These include the following initiatives both on the part of government and general public: Computer Assisted Passenger Prescreening System (CAPPS), CAPPS 2 – a more developed and a little different system from CAPPS though the same in its essence, Secure Flight, Biometrics and Registered Traveler Program. However, the article focuses ...

In line with the position of many in the crypto community, my feeling is that banning encryption or cryptography will not stop terrorists and criminals from using it, but will necessary adversely affect its use in more worthy circumstances such as for dissidents, human rights workers, and even business associations. More practically, how would a ban on cryptography even be implemented. Just as people have historically made up their own “secret languages” to communicate with a chosen few, how would banning cryptography stop someone with enough expertise to create their own encrypted system. Furthermore, despite some of the arguments ...

Application of asymmetrical warfare in solving socio-economic and political grievances is nothing new to humanity. Over different periodic spans, the world has been exposed to some terror, which upon waging an entire war against leads to the emergence of a mutant form of the same, but characteristically unique, trends of terror. Analysts have studied the trends of terror, specifically in the 20th century up to date to come up with the infamous theory: terrorist wave theory. Definitively, the terrorist wave theory details the unique manner in which terrorism has been mutating through periods of time. This paper discusses extensively ...

Introduction

According to Jones and Libicki (2013), Border and Transport Security is an important component of a nation’s security effort, which forms a critical component of the protection of citizens from terrorists and other forms of destruction. Massey (2012) holds the same opinion with the only difference being the introduction of a systems approach perspective. This way, Massey (2012) suggests that Border and Transportation Security (BTS) appears as a “series of concentric circles that from a shell-like structure in which the outer shell is comprised of all the preventive efforts operating beyond the country’s borders” (p.6). Therefore, BTS ...

Terrorism is one of the most terrifying and perpetual threats that Americans and people all across the globe must contend with in the modern era. There are international terrorist threats, as well as, domestic ones, as seen in Dallas, Texas, this last week. However the bulk of terrorism stems from the Middle East. It was 9/11 that showed people just how organized and well-planned terrorist attacks could happen on a grand scale; the organization Al-Qaeda proudly took credit for this tragedy. Presently the threat has new name, ISIS, these vicious and violent Islamic Extremists who have attempted to intimidate ...

Abstract

The proposed study will delve into how the contemporary federal security agents can successfully combat the terrorist organizations within the United States penitentiaries. In particular, the study will aim at contributing to the body of knowledge regarding fighting the domestic terrorism, that is, the terrorism originating from the state and federal correctional facilities. The study will also aim at helping the federal agents avert the recruitment and radicalization of the inmates inside the United States prisons. The study will utilize the survey research design due to its cost effectiveness, generalizability, and efficiency. The research participants will include the security ...

Abstract

Michael Zehaf-Bibeau is a lone attacker who launched a terrorist attack in Canada in 2014. Zehaf-Bibeau is believed to have been experiencing mental issues as well as a drug problem. Several years after his conversion into the Islamic religion, Zehaf-Bibeau became radicalized and started finding ways through which he could join other foreign fighters in Syria. The Canadian government had placed strict regulations at its border which led to the invalidation of his passport, an act which is believed to have provoked him. Following his displeasure with Canada's new foreign policy to deploy its soldiers in Iraq and Afghanistan ...

Prior to and during the Second World War, Japanese Americans were seen as the enemy. This is of course due to the fact that Japan was the main antagonist of the United States in the Pacific war theater. In fact, between 110,000 and 120,000 Japanese Americans were incarcerated in camps in the mainland US, most of them American citizens at the time. Many of them were forcibly relocated from their homes in the US West Coast and moved to relocation areas that were like military camps surrounded by barbed wires from which there was no escape (Ogawa ...

In the recent years practically in all corners of the world terrorist activity that is intended to become a global threat has dramatically increased. The most attractive objects for terrorists are vehicles being the very vulnerable. The terrorist attacks on transport are usually accompanied by a large number of victims, paralyzing the activities in the most important spheres of economy and destabilizing the situation in the society. Most often the attacks occur at the air transport entailing the greatest number of victims and representing a minimal threat to the terrorists. The terrible attacks of September 11, 2001, have dramatically ...

This assignment is my own work. I have shown clearly in my work if I have used ideas and words from other sources. I have given references for any quotations or materials that come from the work of other people. I have shown if I have worked with someone else.

The Problem of Gun Control in the United States

For a long time the problem of gun control in the United States has remained open. This issue is one of the most serious to date, since it is directly related to the large number of victims who were killed because of the use of firearms. Firearms control problem ...

Aviation terrorism is the act of unleashing violence on airliners with the aim to harm or intimidate the victims. The occurrence of terrorism has increased with the rise of aviation as a mode of transport. The first known incident of air terrorism was carried out in 1930 by Peruvian insurgents who hijacked an airplane to scatter propaganda leaflets. This practice subsided in the subsequent two decades due to the effect of global factors such as world war two. Modern terrorism started in 1968 when three Palestinian gunmen hijacked a passenger airline of the Israeli Airline El Al on a ...

Question 4: Aviation Security Today

Airports are among a country’s entry points with this; they are required to have various steps that ensure that the individuals who are at the airport are safe, together with the country as a whole. With well beefed up security at the airport, the unscrupulous individuals planning to sneak contrabands into the country will not only be unable to sneak them in but further deter individuals who had plans to do so, when they see that the other individuals are apprehended and further, prosecuted. This airport security has evolved over the years and in various ways.

Question 6:

In 1970, ...

The use of drones in warfare has become increasingly questionable in its morality. Though using drones exhibit a way to minimize casualties, the very act of indiscriminate destruction caused by these drones have been criticized. Drones have allowed for the killing of people at a more discreet and maneuverable manner. The very people who have piloted these drones appear to be the ones most traumatized by these acts. These pilots show signs of PTSD caused by their murder of innocent people who are casualties caused by collateral damage. The problem with drones or with any other kinds of air ...

Introduction

Homeland Security is of prime importance in the United States of America. On 23 January, 2002, during the second session of the one hundred seventh congress of America, an act to establish the Department of Homeland security was held. Valuing Homeland Security by all citizens is due process rights and in direct observation of the American constitution and the preamble. Over the past few years, various public and private bodies, advisory panels and other think tanks have addressed myriad solutions on how to best secure the American homeland. However, some groups have classified homeland security as a combination of ...

Introduction

Ever since the infamous attack on the World Trade Center which occurred last September 2001, terrorism is a real, pertinent, and primary cause of concern as of late. Many establishments, particularly airports, are very tantamount on upholding security so as to avoid any more terrorist attacks occurring on a wide scale such as what happened at the World Trade Center. In spite of these countermeasures, terrorist attacks are still a genuine threat at large. Despite best efforts, many countries are still experiencing terrorist attacks every now and then, thereby putting the safety of many people in danger. On a ...

The Department of Homeland Security was created after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks with the mandate to protect America from the threat of terrorism. However, terrorists have been increasingly using diverse tactics in their war against the U.S. in particular and western civilization in general (Pinkowski, 2008). Despite this, the performance of the Federal Homeland Security System has proven that it is adaptable for countering the new form of warfare posed by terrorists. Since 2001, terrorists have managed to carry out devastating bomb attacks in several European capitals including London, Madrid and Paris. In comparison, terrorists have not ...

The practice of “Extraordinary Rendition” has been widely publicized and criticized. It involves the covert transfer of alleged terrorists, who are citizens of other nations, from one country to another country in which the questioning of imprisoned persons involve extreme measures because pertinent international laws there are either lax or do not exist. In actuality, these countries have low regard for the humane treatment of prisoners, more often times than not, prisoners who are victims of “Extraordinary Rendition” are tortured. According to the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), “the Central Intelligence Agency of the United States and other U.S. ...

Combating Terrorism: Extraordinary Renditions and Advanced Interrogations

Terrorist attacks have been the fiercest, threatening the national security of most countries. Various measures have developed to combat the crime of terrorism by different countries. The most common way of disciplining criminals is the use of judicial procedures where the suspects are proved guilty by the criminal courts and appropriate disciplinary measures applied based on the crime committed. However, other measures are used exclusively by some governments to punish the suspects of terror attacks. Among these methods is the use of extraordinary renditions, which involve surrendering the criminals to another country for interrogation and detention (Horowitz & Cammarano, 2013). ...

Abstract

Hawala is an informal system of money transfer that is widely used in the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent, the Horn of Africa and North Africa. The Hawala system predates the current international banking system, having been used in the Muslim world before European influences permeated the region. In western countries, Hawala is popular among immigrants, who use it to send money to their relatives back home. The main reasons for Hawala’s popularity as compared to other means of money transfer include its cheapness and anonymity. However, some countries such as India and Pakistan have outlawed Hawala because ...