Essays on Utilitarian

Joseph L Badaracco’s article “The Discipline of Building Character” discusses three cases in the workplace setting when the manager’s are called upon to take difficult decisions. The decisions that they take involves something beyond the moral dilemmas which makes the decision making difficult. They are faced with two right courses of actions out of which they must decide on one. In making these decisions, they are called upon to minimize or eliminate conflicts with their values or character, with the organization and with the society. In other words, the moments of the decision making are identified as ‘ ...

Making Moral Choices: Utilitarianism in a Dilemma

Visna’s case of moral dilemma presents two challenges: to abort or not to abort. Doctor’s argument suggests that if Visna is to continue with the pregnancy, she will suffer psychological and physical damage. Psychologist too testified that Visna’s chances of getting married to a fellow Hindu would be slim if she continued with her pregnancy. Her parents too, added that not only was Visna’s child was likely to develop genetic abnormalities but also mental retardation. On the other hand, opponents of abortion were ready to provide solutions including money for upkeep and custody of the ...

Search and seizure legal procedures draw much controversy because most people have a high level of expectations regarding privacy. This high level of expectations can be traced back to England’s ‘castle doctrine’ wherein the law recognizes the right of a person to defend one’s home or property from unlawful entry (U.S. Government Publishing Office, 1992, p. 1199). Such expectations regarding privacy, however, is not absolute. In fact, the law provides that intrusion on private property can be made lawful under certain circumstances prescribed by the law. There are several provisions under the United States constitution that can ...

Mill's utilitarian argument supports Singer's utilitarian argument about the obligation of an individual to assist starving people that are in absolute poverty. Although the Mill’s explanation makes Singer’s argument look overdemanding, both philosophers have nearly the same understanding. For instance, Mill claims that people should do good not to impress or profit the world but to achieve self-happiness (Kowalski 177). In doing so, the individual gets to help the world or the society in general. Just like Singer, Mill gives an example where one has a lunch date but on the way, meets a child in need ...

Every organization has to work on the principles of ethics and responsibility. Ethics make the foundation of every business and if ethics are not followed as such, then the functioning of the business suffers and it loses it image and reputation at a gradual pace. Sometimes, managers face ethical dilemmas where they are not able to decide whether to stick to the values of the company or opt for decisions which are better for the organization in the long run (Ford & Richardson, 2013). The given case is about the ethical dilemma being faced by George Cosgrove who is serving ...

Introduction

This report is a critical analysis of an ethical dilemma in the workplace. It will include the evaluation of the facts of the case in order to establish the fundamental issues and matters at stake. From there, a review of the fundamental theories of the situation will be conducted. This will culminate in the identification of the different approaches and views. Afterward, there will be the application of the theories to the facts of the case in order to conclude with recommendations on how to deal with the issues at hand. This will include the review of important theories ...

I had a lecturer who occasionally skipped lectures. She was an old woman who could not come due to health problems, but she saw no need to inform us about her non-attendance, and the whole group had to wait for her every time. Once, the guys decided not to come to the lecture and persuaded the others; everybody agreed, cause we were frustrated with her point of view. However, I felt remorse and came; I saw the lecturer entering the classroom and faced the ethical dilemma: I could go away, could come in the classroom and try to explain ...

Educational affiliation

Abstract Corporate Social Responsibility and Ethics The paper analyses the role of the ethics and corporate state responsibility in the terms of the automotive industry. The study is to evaluate the role of the local ethics and the Corporate Social Responsibility in the process of the international development of the automotive industry. The key objectives are to evaluate the roles of these two concepts, find out the role of the customers’ awareness of the unethical behavior, and describe the patterns of change. The study validates why the car industry should focus on the ethical considerations and the CSR. This ...

Ethical Issues

Human trafficking is a worldwide problem. For all practical purposes, this activity is nothing but a form of modern slavery. Every year, about 21 million people are caught up in human trafficking from about 130 countries around the world. Without a doubt, this is a serious issue given that it violates human rights that the United Nations takes very seriously - and should. While this pertains mostly to women who are sold into prostitution while also involving children and young boys as well who are coerced into forced labour as well. Given the atrocities around the world, the purpose ...

The use of animals for scientific research causes numerous debates because of animal suffering, discomfort and importance of the experiment. Researches with animals are provided under controlled conditions, such animals are adapted to the laboratory life (Swart, 2004, 183). The key idea is that such experiments are provided to improve medical progress. From the other side, the use of people for experiments is strongly prohibited, therefore, a limited number of species are used because they have biological and pathological similarity with people. Sufferings in animal experimentation are as low as possible (Swart, 2004, 186). From the other side, animals ...

Given the strategic nature of the situation, it is undoubtedly a hard decision to make. Firstly, in order to make an informed decision, it is important to identify and understand the ethical dilemma. Secondly, it is essential to consider the dilemma in the light of various ethical lenses, in order to decide the best approach. The following sections include an explanation of the ethical dilemma and application of three ethical models to the situation.

Ethical Dilemma

On the other hand, if I were honest with the employee, I would be foregoing my professional obligation. As a result, the employee will be ...

2.0 Introduction As identified in the first chapter of the dissertation, this study will seek to examine the elements of luxury goods positioning and branding. This will aim at examining the cultural settings in purchasing these luxury products in the British and Kazakhstani contexts. This literature review will analyse authoritative sources and ground-breaking definitions that relate to core concepts and theories in the area of luxury fashion and branding. 2.1 Positioning Strategies for Luxury Brands “Brand vision and the culture, personality relationships and presentation are key components of corporate branding that builds brand identity” . Luxury fashion and products are ...

Philosophy Questions

1. Ross’ s Moral Theory is considered to stand between Kant’s strict deontological theory and theological theory of utilitarianism. According to the philosopher, there existed several prima facie duties that people had to hold in respect if they did not contradict one another. In case they conflicted, human’s intuition would help to make the right choice and find the weightiest and the most important duty. Ross stated that any prima facie obligation could be redefined by more important ones. While Kant saw all obligations absolute and exceptionless, Ross allowed maximization of the good as one of the ...

Introduction

According to Trevino & Nelson (2011, p. 35), fraud does not happen as a coincidence. To be specific, fraud in organizations is usually premeditated and has to happen in the right conditions and members of the organization in authority often set these conditions. As such, identifying the root causes of fraud, which is called fraud deterrence, should be one of the priorities of corporate governance. Since fraud has been a common menace in the history of organizational management, various strategies, government regulations, and acts have been developed to prevent the occurrence of fraud (Giroux, 2013, p. 32). These procedures cover ...

Financial desperation is among the main factors that drive individuals, mostly women, to venture into prostitution as a way of making ends meet. The moral dilemma depicted by the woman who is deserted by her husband, friends, and relatives and has a little kid to feed generates the need for research into the moral and ethical issues involved in such scenario under different frameworks. There exist various groups that have called for tougher legislations focused on protecting cash trapped women who are going out there to support their families. However, there is a need to provide such women with ...

Critical Analysis Paragraph 10

The subject article proposes a modification of Rawlsian Justice Theory to be centered on social and subsistence security. This amendment will, however, narrow the scope of the theory as other elements that are not listed are lost. While security and subsistence justice is critical to a stable society, the input of the people existing in particular society count. It is therefore, imperative that elements and term of the agreement, remain hypothetical as Rawls intended. Listing an item of interest one by one may go to infinity and as the society is made up of different people probably with different ...

Utility of torture

All individuals have some inherent moral and legal rights that cannot be waived by any state or individual. Torturing suspects in order to obtain information however utilitarian is therefore akin to denying such individuals their basic human rights. Any attempt to obtain information through torture cannot be justified; it is especially the case considering that often times the information obtained through torture is unreliable (Talhami, 2013). It is therefore evident that even by applying utilitarian principles (greatest good for the greatest number of people), the benefits of torture do not exceed its costs and as such is not acceptable ...

Immigration Reform in the U.S.: A View Through the

Introduction to Ethics and Social Responsibility Immigration Reform in the U.S.: A View Through the

Introduction

The United States of America, a country so poetically nicknamed to be “a melting pot” of cultures, has always been a more than desirable destination for the immigrants from all over the world. However, as the “times of economic uncertainty and social transformation have complicated American ideas about national and racial identity and have raised moral dilemmas concerning America’s obligations to immigrants from neighboring countries” (Duncan, 2007), the current U.S. immigration policy has started ...

Paper 2

Ontario’s HPV Vaccination Program In this paper, I present arguments that are supportive of the ethical inappropriateness of the Ontario government’s HPV vaccination initiative. I also aim at revealing the ineffectiveness of the program as a public health strategy constructed to combat cervical cancer. The program is ineffective in combating cervical cancer because the interventions arising from the screening program poses risks on women and especially the ones of childbearing age. In addition, I will use the utilitarian approach to support my views. In September 2007, the Ontario Liberal Government began a Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccination ...

The Federal Arbitration Act (FAA)—Title 9, US Code, Section 1-14—was first enacted on February 12, 1925. FAA underwent a few developments through the years. It was codified on July 30, 1947 (61 Stat. 669). It was amended September 3, 1954 (68 Stat. 1233); added Chapter 2 on July 31, 1970 (84 Stat. 692); added two new Sections in October of 1988; renumbered on December 1, 1990 (PLs669 and 702); added Chapter 3 on August 15, 1990 (PL 101-369); and, added Section 10 on November 15, 1990. The FAA provides the guideline for the enforcement of arbitration agreements ...

There is a controversial question whether it is possible to justify torture. A similar question arises in the debate on whether it is possible to justify the use of torture during interrogations of suspected terrorists. Arguments in favor of torture starts with utilitarian calculation. Torture is causing the suspect suffering that dramatically reduce his/her happiness or favor. From the utilitarian point of view, it can be argued that the infliction of suffering is morally justified if torture prevent death and suffering on a massive scale. The arguments of the former US Vice-President Richard Cheney, who claimed that the use ...

19th Century Humanities

The Industrial Revolution During the 19th century, Europe was both divided and united profoundly, and a figure of the main cultural trends spread. After 1871, European countries were increasingly linked to the diplomatic communication and culmination in worldwide alliance networks. It was the century of nationalism expansion thus, people guarded identities jealously and established stricter border management. The European world was divided amid two regions of differential growth (Krech 15). Political liberalization and industrial revolution amendments spread fastest in France, Scandinavia, Western Europe, Britain, Italy, and Germany. Southern and Eastern Europe changed at a slow pace and in different ...

Introduction

This report takes into consideration the application and the strategies that Petsmart Company has in line with their ethical structure, the governance structure and the corporate social responsibility for the present and the future. Additionally, the business report highlights the present position of the Petsmart Company in these three categories. The company is described as one of the largest pet and veterinary product retailer services provider and the solution for pet and the owners (Petsmart, 2016). The information provided by the company’s profile is that the company has more than 50,000 associates and another 1,466 pet ...

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Is it Ethical to Subject Alzheimer’s Disease Patients to Medical Experimentation?

Introduction Treating Alzheimer’s disease has been one of the most challenging tasks of the medical and scientific community since its discovery by the German neuroanatomist and psychiatrist, Alois Alzheimer in 1906 (Hippius & Neundörfer). The disease is characterized by the gradual decline of mental functions “resulting in loss of memory, thinking and language skills, and behavioral changes”. Despite the advancement in medical technology, Alzheimer’s remains as an incurable disease that afflicts both old and young. Although there are already approved drugs for the treatments for Alzheimer’s disease, it is understood that these drugs does ...

Utilitarianism is an ethical principle that dictates that actions are ‘moral’ only when they contribute towards the betterment of the greatest number of people in society or what is often referred to as the ‘greater good theory’ . When considered within the context of Disaster Management and Response, utilitarianism implies that the ideal course of action is one that will allow the maximum number of victims to be rescued, treated and saved. The ethical and moral dilemma this creates is what criteria should medical and rescue personnel use in order to determine which individuals are more worthy of receiving help ...

1. Clearly state in your own words the “surprise ending” in the reading you selected. Clearly identify the point in the reading when you realized that there were elements in the reading that surprised you. Not all of the surprises come at the end. The “surprise ending” of Swift’s “A Modest Proposal” became evident when the work made it apparent that the argument it was making was satire. This became obvious due to the increasingly radical views that were being proposed within the text. As the author continued to monetize and commoditize human life and began discussing trading ...

Immigration Reform in the U.S.: A View Through the

Immigration Reform in the U.S.: A View Through the

Introduction

The United States of America, a country so poetically nicknamed to be “a melting pot” of cultures, has always been a more than desirable destination for the immigrants from all over the world. However, as the” times of economic uncertainty and social transformation have complicated American ideas about national and racial identity and have raised moral dilemmas concerning America’s obligations to immigrants from neighboring countries” (Duncan, 2007), the current U.S. immigration policy has started to age and cause concerns. Old ...

In 1971, John Rawls, an American moral and political philosopher, proposed a theory of justice based on the concept of the social contract. The theory stipulates two principles. The first principle states that each person in a society should have, at least, the most extensive basic rights comparable to the rights of everyone else. For example, the rights laid out in the first 10 amendments to the constitution should apply to everyone in society, because they are basic rights; other rights, however, such as the right to drive, are not “basic rights” and do not universally apply. Secondly, inequality ...

Ontario’s HPV Vaccination Program

In this paper, I present arguments that are supportive of the ethical inappropriateness of the Ontario government’s HPV vaccination initiative. I also aim at revealing the ineffectiveness of the program as a public health strategy constructed to combat cervical cancer. In addition, I will use the utilitarian approach to support my views.

The Ontario HPV Program Overview

In September 2007, the Ontario Liberal Government began a Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccination intervention for female eighth-graders (Thompson, 2013; CIHR- IPPH, 2012). The federal government made an allocation of $ 300 million towards the intervention. Gardasil, the HPV vaccine, targets four subtypes of the virus. These ...

My life has been both exciting and immensely challenging. I have had to make difficult decisions, even simple ones that turned out to be hurtful to other people. Most importantly, I have seen how other people’s unethical conduct has been hurtful. The memories of investors that lost their life savings in the Enron and Bernie Madoff scandals will live with me for years to come, and so will my utter disgust at the conduct of the men and women that were responsible for them. I am not entirely proud of all decisions that I have made in my ...

Introduction

Visited the GAP store in New York and filled this market and consumer analysis pertaining to how the retail store carries out its activities. The walls of the store are made of glass with various attires being displayed and hence this gives one the chance to be able to window shop. The store was well lit with varying colors on the walls depending on the aisle that the individual was at. Once I entered the store I was received by an attendant how was all smiles and willing to help me out to effectively be able to look for ...

Drones have been highly effective in helping America win wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. But, drones also have caused a significant amount of collateral damage as killing a terrorist by a distant strike has also led to the demise of many innocent souls. Having a utilitarian approach has been an important part of American policy, but in the past decade, there have been several morally challenging instances related to drones. Therefore, the past few years have taught us that even though the country still favours the utilitarian approach, there are times when they have shown an increased focus on ...

Between the main two philosophical currents in the book, which character is the utilitarian and who is the Taoist? Please give an example form the book. George Orr is definitely the Taoist. He has an ability to dominate and control the world through his dreams, but decides to set this ability aside. He seeks for harmony and balance that is why tries to stop Doctor Haber – the utilitarian. Haber thinks that the things he changes through George’s dreams will bring happiness not only to him, but to all other people. As the utilitarian he thinks that if the ...

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Introduction

Thesis Statement: Kantian ethics, as a utilitarian view, holds that man is the end of the act to be benefitted from instead of the means to achieve the goal. One of the most denigrating crimes known to man, the trade in people is a crime that impacts the global community. Traffickers trick men, women, and children from almost every country and then “sell” them to traders looking to exploit their situation. Though the most prevalent form of human trafficking is for the illicit sex trade, others are sold into slavery, and even at times into syndicates ...

Business Torts and Ethics

Business Torts and Ethics

The intruder has attempted theft in the apartment that is located in University Heights Apartments and has caused physical injuries on the residents. The resident manager and resident are badly wounded by the intruder whereas, the intruder is not wounded or assaulted in any manner. The actions of the intruder are considered highly illicit because he entered the apartment by force, which was also a private property and accounts for trespassing. The intruder also attacked the residents and considering this situation, this attack could also have been lethal for the residents. Civil actions incorporate such ...

Bob is faced with the dilemma of whether to be involved in an unethical trade of lumber or not. On one hand, Bob may decide to close the trade and impress his boss, Mr. White, his client, Mr. Stan Parrish and the construction site foreman. On the other hand, proceeding with the sale means that substandard planks of lumber will be used as scaffolding planks therefore putting the lives of innocent construction workers in danger. The stakeholders that are going to influence Bob’s decision include; Mr. White, Mr. Parrish and the construction workers. If Bob does not go ...

Abstract

This report analyzes the BMW’s controversial activities, which involves the production of electric Tesla cars. Although dubbed ‘green' vehicles, they pollute the environment as reported by the Company’s customers from Hong Kong, China. The paper uses a pair of theoretical concepts of Business Ethics – Kantian Ethics of Duties and Utilitarianism, which it applies to the issue at hand. In addition to that, the report compares the frameworks with the sole focus on how they relate to the BMW’s case. Lastly, it gives a few recommendations that BMW can use in handling the problem.

Introduction

This report outlines ...

Ningbo’s newly completed Central Business District (CBD) belies its status as one of China’s oldest cities. The austere downtown landscape is the equivalent of architecture’s white-washed wall: a place of erasure, forgetting, and dubious progress. With the completion of Wang Shu’s Ningbo Museum in 2008, however, the Ningbo of the present is confronted by the forgotten landscape of its not too distant past. A craggy mountain of a building inspired by the region’s natural topographical features as well its unique crafts and architectural traditions, the Ningbo Museum is not simply an obligatory nod to ...

The moral point of view refers to people’s perspective on an issue based on whether the issue is deemed morally applaudable or morally right or wrong. So it involves the resolutions or laws created based on a larger perspective about what is right or wrong, one that affects or impacts more than merely one person, and therefore doesn’t take a person’s self-interest into account. The point of view can be identified by two characteristics: a best practice of deferring to reason; in other words, the resolutions should be the outcome of thoughtful sound reasoning, rather than ...

Introduction

Pandemic influenza poses a great risk to the entire world. The disease originates from the emergence and quick spread of influenza viruses. In essence, these viruses can spread rapidly and explosively in numerous nations, thus, affecting billions of individuals. The pandemic can affect the country’s critical infrastructure as well as social and economic security if there is no adequate preparedness for as well as response to it. The pandemic affects the countries’ economies through raising their health care costs as well as causing significant loss of productivity. It is vital to note that successful preparedness for and response ...

Mini Case page 147. "Is body language protected activity?"

1a) & b) The following could be the possible reasons why the three nurses were fired: The nurses had expressed their dissatisfaction with the manner in which the Heartland Hospital was being managed Yes, the right to free speech is protected by section 7 of the Wagner Act and thus, punishing these nurses merely based on expressing their views on conditions of work is against the provisions of this Act. The Hospital’s management under Barbara Young failed to listen to the nurses’ concerns about the shortage of staff aides and the quality of healthcare services rendered to residents Yes, ...

The case regarding making a choice between accepting expensive gifts and allowing for the gift money to be donated to feed starving children is a practical example of moral conundrums solved through the application of moral theories. The utilitarian moral theory, just like other moral theories has the potential of helping to decide on which route of action to take (Vaughn 68). The utilitarian point of view notes that what defines a moral act is the level of happiness it brings. In making this choice, therefore, it will be essential to weigh the happiness the chosen action brings. Ideally, ...

One of the most common moral philosophies in the world today is utilitarianism. It was developed by John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham. Utilitarianism seeks to determine the moral stand of actions by looking at their effects and consequences (Mill 43). There are two different types of utilitarianism, act utilitarianism, and rule utilitarianism. Act utilitarianism focuses on specific individual actions, for example, the murder of a political figure. Rule utilitarianism, on the other hand, focuses on the action as a whole such as murder (Mill 44). According to the utilitarian’s, morality is supposed to better life by increasing ...

Business Ethics

Ethics can be defined as the code of moral values and principles that govern how an individual or a group relate to what is good or bad. It constitutes parts of a corporate culture that deal with inside principles. As to decision-making and conduct, ethics sets standards as to what is wrong or right. In addressing moral and economic legal concerns, ethical business decision making plays a vital role in balancing both corporate and social responsibilities. This essay is going to discuss the considerations and the criteria for the process of ethical decision making in business. In addition, it ...

In this case, IBM developed the dial-up-era dinosaur programme which was developed with the aim of connecting the customers with the company through the social media networks. This however, was similar to a similar product that had been developed by The Groupon Ltd. Groupon went further to obtain a patent to bar the other companies from using the similar product. This product as per the business ethics were said to be unfair in terms of being unfair to Groupon since it had the patent to the product (Vanian, 2016). The case brought before the court is one which was ...

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Introduction The novel, ‘City of Thieves’ by David Benioff, presents an opportunity to analyze the concept of masculinity under the circumstances of war. What is significant in this literary work is that manliness emerges under extreme adversity, which is often considered as the very test of being a man. Although Benioff’s ‘City of Thieves’ is fictional, the circumstances are realistic and is based on a historical incident that happened around six decades ago in Leningrad, which is the present day St. Petersburg in Russia. Becoming a man is one of the most confusing rhetoric there is. ...

Briefing: Climate Change

Global warming is an environmental issue which effects every single one of us. The past 50 years has seen the fastest increase in global temperatures in recorded history; since the year 2000, 15 out of 16 of the hottest days since temperatures have been recorded happened ("Global Warming 101", n.p.). The scientific explanation for global warming is that carbon dioxide (CO2), as well as other pollutants, get into the atmosphere and trap sunlight and solar radiation, causing an increase in global temperatures ("Global Warming 101", n.p.). The two major sources of CO2 are coal-burning for energy and emissions from ...

John Rawls is a great proponent of the natural rights theory. With his theory of the veil of ignorance, Rawls is of the idea that everyone has some rights that accrue to them by nature. Natural right is a philosophical perspective developed by Hobbes, and it portends that all living beings have rights, and these rights would make an individual act or fail to act in a certain way. The veil of ignorance by John Rawls is premised on the inviolable rights of an individual; this makes him fall under the natural rights theoretical concept. Rawls argues that to ...

The issue of moral community is a hotly debated topic by philosophers, especially in the field of ethics. It is paramount to realize that moral community refers to the beings that are held in high regard by an individual as opposed to a community or grouping of the people who act in a moral way. The “beings” in this context refers to the issues that a person has to consider their rightness before acting in a way that could affect them. For example, a person about to hit a wall may not be concerned whether it is right to ...

In 1886, the German Modernist architect, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe also known by his name as ‘Mies van der Rohe’ pioneered the functional designs in building construction based on utilitarian purposes such as creating new spaces for modern lifestyles. One of his notable projects such as 860-880 Lake Shore Apartments (1949) and the Riehl House (1907) both had endured the advent of modernism and still functional and widely regarded as the relics of the past even in the post-modernism. The drastic changes brought by the Bauhaus Movement of the 20th century, the building style shifted from opulent homes ...

Personal and professional accountability

In regards to my personal and professional responsibility, I consider myself to be competent based on the Nurse Manager Skills Inventory because I have just worked as a registered nurse for few years. However, I have a high aspiration of ensuring that I become an expert in the field of nursing, I plan to achieve this by progressing my education to highest levels attainable within the nursing profession. I subscribe to the school of thought that self-fulfillment comes about when one achieves whatever goals he/she has set for himself/herself. Pursuing higher education will, therefore, help me achieve my career ...

Decolonization can be defined as the act of a nation gaining independence from another country that had established authority over it. Decolonization was not in any way a new phenomenon following the Second World War; countries were progressively gaining independence from their colonial masters. However, it was the Second World War that created the greatest drive towards decolonization, which significantly altered global history. The mass drive for decolonization was aided by several primary factors among them changes in the international distribution of power and growing calls for national self-determination. There was certainly no common decolonization process; it took various ...

This is a process of harvesting cells that are already fertilized from the embryo of a human being. Undertaking this process denies the embryo a chance to develop (Zeinoaldini et al., 2013). These harvested stem cells have the potential to develop into cells that are specialized that can result in a variety of other tissues and organs. This is the reason as to why it has attracted the attention of many researchers and healthcare professionals. Embryo harvesting has raised a lot of ethical dilemmas since there are those people who are opposed to abortion, and there are those individuals ...

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the traditional institution of trade and economics among the Trobriand Islanders. The primary focus is on the symbolic interpretation of the acts involved in the kula ring and in yam production, display and distribution. The first section of the paper explains the kula ring and how it operated in Trobriand society at the time of the first ethnographic description of the Trobrianders by Malinowski in 1914. The second section examines how social hierarchy is expressed in trade within the kula ring. The third section looks at the difference between symbolic gift ...

In the summer of 1884, four English sailors, Thomas Dudley, Edward Stephens, Brooks and Richard Parker who was a cabin boy were cast away in a storm in the Atlantic Ocean and were forced to put into an open boat from which they were stranded. Inside the boat, they had only two tins of turnips. They lacked supply of water and food for three days. Fortunately, on the fourth day they caught a turtle on which they fed till the twelfth day when it was entirely consumed. The depended on the sporadic rain for the supply of fresh water. ...

Utilitarianism and Kant’s Moral Theory differ in several ways. For example, utilitarianism defines ethical values based on the end results as opposed to the anticipated consequences. On the other hand, Kant's ethical theory determines the rectitude of a deed based on the entire ethical decision with regard to the nature of the deed; the results are totally unimportant. Also, the two theories differ on the fundamental moral principles. For example, utilitarianism emphasizes on creating value for other people while Kant considers procedures to be imperative in determining the morality of an action. This paper explores the similarity, differences, ...

Utilitarianism is a theory that describes the expected behavior or conduct of an individual for the achievement of the best outcome possible. It entails distinguishing an action as right or wrong depending on whether it results in happiness or sadness respectively. The theory was developed by English philosopher Jeremy Bentham and his economist counterpart John Stuart Mill around the 18th and the 19th century. The theory, in contrast to ethical theories which determine the rightfulness or wrongfulness of without considering its outcome, states that an ill-motivated action can breed a fair result. Mill believes that an act should only ...

Since the start of the war in the Syria in 2011, there has been an influx of refugees fleeing Syrian to seek asylum in Turkey, Jordan, and Lebanon. However, the influx of refugees has reached an alarming level with the situation reaching a crisis level. Today, it is estimated that the number of refugees who have crossed the Syrian border into Turkey is 3.5 million (Fargues & Fandrich 3). The camps in Turkey are already overwhelmed and crowded, and it is estimated that 50% of these refugees cannot stay in the camps. Due to the crisis, many of the refugees ...

The fundamental principles of utilitarianism are morality and the welfare of the majority. Utilitarianism believes that morality will make the world a better place to live in. Any act that produces a good consequence is considered as morally good. The nature or intention of the act is not important in utilitarianism. Human beings are expected to act in a manner that produces benefits to the majority. Utilitarianism places more emphasis on consequence and not on the intension. People are expected to put away self-interest for the sake of common good that benefits all. Common interests are given importance over ...

Introduction

Upholding ethical principles is essential to the maintenance of peace in any community. Precisely, the nature of people’s conduct in any organization is essential to the success of the institution. As such, people can determine how ethical or unethical we are by assessing our behaviours. According to Guerrette, Ethics is the philosophical study of the principles that govern the conduct of people in society [1]. Our actions can, therefore, be said to be ethical if they are praiseworthy and unethical if they are blameable. Ethics, therefore, tries to make a distinction between what is right and wrong. This ...