Essays on Scientific Research

Both the readings have a similar purpose and that is to explain what scientific research is and what its components are. Both of them are in the position to believe that science is not something that can be based on personal opinions; rather, it is based on evidence. Pring’s main argument is that the ontological dualism between quantitative and qualitative research are false (60). On the other hand, Chalmers strongly argues that in scientific research, the senses should be used objectively rather than subjectively (5). Both the scholars focus on scientific observation and how it should be done ...

Capstone Project Milestone 2

Asthma is the most common cause of in-patient admissions in acute care hospitals. Poor education and training of patients with respect to self-care and symptom management has led to an increase in the number of asthmatic patients reporting to the emergency department (ED) or acute care hospitals. It is empirical to understand the cause or trigger factors that relate to acute exacerbations of asthma. Some of the common triggers that causes asthma include exercise, infections, allergens, smoking, infection, gastric problems, hear burns, and indigestion. Based on current evidence, food allergens are considered as the most common form of allergens ...

The scientific research process can be term as research studies that require not only observable but also empirical evidence collected over a duration of time and consists points that are aimed at supporting a hypothesis. The hypothesis often surround a phenomena that are descriptive in nature through what can be regarded as independent experimental testing. On the other hand, intelligence research processes are activities that involve collecting, evaluating, conducting an analysis, as well as extracting information from a variety of sources for investigations at both the national and international levels involving topics such as terrorist activities and arson rings ...

Overview of the Case Study

The case study is about the Pacific Island families. It was conducted on several Pacific children born in Auckland, which is an island in New Zealand. The study is an analysis of the relationship between maternal acculturation and the maternal health risk indicators. The analysis on maternal acculturation was achieved through gauging an abbreviated form of general ethnicity survey. The outcome of the study revealed that infants who are strongly inclined to the pacific culture had substantially better infant as well as maternal risk factors when compared to those who are less inclined to the culture. When the findings ...

Psychology: Nature vs. Nurture Essay

Language constitutes an essential characteristic of human beings and is regarded as a primary form of communication between individuals. The role of nature and nurture in language acquisition among young children has been a continuous debate in developmental sciences, education, and social sciences like sociology and psychology. This issue is not only conflicting but also complementary. It has laid a foundation for better understanding of how biological and environmental factors interact to influence language development in children (Yusa et al. 2011). Available research shows that there is no clear pattern of the causes and effects associated with human cognition ...

Synopsis

The article describes key issues that are very relevant to the modern world. It begins by explaining how the effects of cheating can be adverse and have far reaching effects after seven-time Tour de France champion confessed to using drugs to enhance performance in the race for an approximated seven years. One fact that is even demoralizing is when medical researchers go ahead and manipulate scientific research findings. It gives facts that cheating has become a common norm among many individuals and formed a reason for acquiring things easily and at any cost. The effect of this vice is ...

The use of animals for scientific research causes numerous debates because of animal suffering, discomfort and importance of the experiment. Researches with animals are provided under controlled conditions, such animals are adapted to the laboratory life (Swart, 2004, 183). The key idea is that such experiments are provided to improve medical progress. From the other side, the use of people for experiments is strongly prohibited, therefore, a limited number of species are used because they have biological and pathological similarity with people. Sufferings in animal experimentation are as low as possible (Swart, 2004, 186). From the other side, animals ...

The Power of Knowledge

The Power of Knowledge Peer-reviewed, published research has been the cornerstone of growing bodies of knowledge for centuries. As far back as the 15th Century, journals published the work of their scholars so others could read, understand, and push past known boundaries (Ratcliff, 2015). Through published research, every new discovery can be disseminated among an author’s peers, challenged, corrected, and used as the foundation for the next new, deeper understanding. It is possible, however, for research to be misused, facts to be misrepresented, a subjective agenda supported, and ultimately to lose the objective trait on which scholars have ...

Introduction

The debate on the legality of using animals in research has continued to rage for many years now. A section of animal rights campaigners have argued that the use of animals in scholarly research contravenes the natural laws that guarantee the protection of the rights of animals. On the other hand, it is clear that the use of animals in research has yielded several positives that have seen the improvement of the lives of both people and animals in the world today. In this context, the current paper holds that the use of animals in research should be viewed ...

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Corresponding Address and email)

“Molecules Of Emotion: The Science Behind Mind-Body Medicine” is a book written by Candace B. Pert, a molecular biologist having an important role in the discovery of the endorphin molecule. She is also considered as the mother of psychoneuroimmunology, a field of science dealing with different aspects of brain, immunology, and neurology. Her work on the biochemistry of the brain at the National Institute of Mental Health helped in giving new insights about mind and body (Candace Pert, n.d.). Main theme of the book is that peptides, which are present throughout the body, are “molecules of ...

Food Security/Climate:

Nutritional interventions are measures taken up to improve or resolve nutritional problems and diagnosis by providing education, advice, technology, or actual delivery of food the food components/nutrients of a specific meal or diet plan tailored to people’s needs (Andeal.org, 2014). There are several types of interventions such as behavioral, regulatory and staple food bio-fortification. Behavioral interventions are aimed at adjusting personal habits and practices such as encouraging breastfeeding, nutritional counseling in pregnancy, complementary feeding, and dietary advice to encourage weight loss in obese adults. Regulatory interventions, on the other hand, aim to regulate certain nutrition-related actions or activities ...

Information can be represented through various ways; scientists have undertaken research studies and experiments and published their findings in different scientific journals or databases. Similarly, individuals with little or no scientific knowledge have developed an interest in research. They have increasingly adapted and interpreted scientific research articles so as to meet the demands of the layman. In this paper, a comparative analysis of a scientific research article and its adaptation is presented so as to determine the difference in the ways in which information is presented in each. The scientific article Cashew apple juice supplementation enhanced fat utilization during ...

For this article, I have located an article from a known media news source on the subject of science. It deals with scientific research and findings, as well as additional critique by a second and different article. The theme for this study and analysis is that of the physiology of human color vision. The online article by OSA specifically describes the contents of a published scientific research experiment related to the topic. Having found the media article itself, I will then find the original media article which is being referenced by the OSA article, and in which that news ...

The subject of animal testing remains a moral issue that draws different reactions globally. In essence, it entails the utilization of non-human animals in the experiment that seeks to manipulate the variables that influence their biological system under study. In the recent years, animal experiments have increasingly been adopted as research tools by various scientists and research agencies. They entail the use of live animals such as rats, rabbits, cats, dogs, sheep, and cattle among others. These are considered important in experimentations aimed at studying behavioral studies, genetics, biology, and developmental biology (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals). ...

[Your instructor's name] [The course] [The date]

People have always been interested in whether there is life on other planets, whether there are other creatures like us inhabiting the worlds like ours. Or - whether it is totally unlike ours and how it all looks like. In all times, science helped the inspired ones to search, study, investigate and predict. A huge variety of scientific researches, as well as brilliant literary pieces, was inspired by thoughts of life on other planets. Some people may say that it is not interesting of really important, but is it really not? We ...

The five supplements that will be discussed include garcinia cambogia, l-carnitine, coenzyme q10, Slimquick, and Hydroxycut. Study results on each supplement will be briefly examined. In addition, an analysis of why consumers are using each supplement will be detailed. Garcinia Cambogia: This supplement is marketed towards individuals interested in weight loss. Studies claim that its main ingredient, hydoxycitric acid, works by increasing a person’s metabolic rate and reducing a person’s appetite (WebMD). The results of scientific experiments are mixed. Weight loss with the supplement versus weight loss without it was not significant. However, the supplement did lower ...

The Belmont Report was created in 1978 in response to the issues that were made evident from the Tuskegee syphilis experiment, and aimed to provide a number of guidelines to ensure the safety of human subjects during biomedical research (Sims, 2010). The purpose of the report is to protect humans that are involved in medical, nursing, and scientific research by giving guiding ethical principles about how to protect these subjects. The Belmont Report has three main principles, which are “respect for persons, beneficence, and justice” (Sims, 2010, p173). There are also three main practical approaches that should be used ...

Importance of Entrepreneurial Activity to the UK Economy

Introduction Constantly growing and developing economic relations, both between countries and between participants within a country, are prerequisites for the creation of new forms of business. Entrepreneurship is an important, but not the only factor in economic and social development of many countries (Waschik, Fisher and Prentice, 2010). However, uncontrolled, no adjustable (wild) business (without the supervision of the state) is just as harmful as the administrative-command system. Entrepreneurship is essential for the development of a competitive environment, in order the final consumer of products has the right to choose, but does not content with goods offered to him/her ...

Question 1

The APA – American Psychological Association – is an academic formatting style that helps students and researchers to format the structure of their work in a bid to avoid plagiarism. Developed in 1929 by a group of psychologists anthropologists and business managers, the style sets out simple procedures and rules that codify the scientific writing elements (APA, 2016). The simplified writing elements outlined by APA make it easy for users of scientific information to understand and comprehend the concepts being presented by the writers. The APA guidelines also promote consistency, in addition to clarity, when writing and presenting scientific information. Some ...

Introduction

Leadership in the business plays a critical role in offering the direction to the organization, motivation to the workers, and in fostering internal relationship and smooth production (Adrian, 2011). The management plays the dual roles of structural and systematic directives as well as leadership roles along the socio-cultural perspectives. The roles and effective responsibilities of the directorship in the organization is critical in improving the business response and crisis management. Crisis may arise in the firm because of various reasons that can be centered in the internal enterprise operations or from the external factors associated with the industry operations ( ...

Psychology

Introduction The use of Null Hypothesis Significance Testing as a statistical tool for research methods in psychology became a center of debate because of the perceived errors, which was associated to the misuse of the method and erroneous conclusion in some of the published scholarly journals. Many scholarly journal publishers particularly those that are specialized in the field social psychology suggests to ban the use of NHST and the Basic and Applied Social Psychology (BASP) acted upon on this call. On the other hand, proponents of NHST argue that the problem is not with the technique, but with the ...

Anthropological and archaeological research has taken full advantage of technological progress in the past decades, and human remains have been able to answer many more questions about the origin of our species than science has ever been able to provide before. While exploring human past is an important scientific area, biological anthropology and archeology have not been devoid of ethical controversies. The motivations, methods and rights of the scientists over the remains have been often questioned by critics and opponents who have different views regarding the ways in which these artifacts should be treated. Spiritual beliefs and cultural practices ...

In the Society of Toxicology’s (SOT) public policy statement, toxicology is defined as the study of the interaction of chemical substances with living tissue in the context of the following issues: how they affect a biological organism’s processes, how to reduce the chemical substance’s potential harm to the organism, and what are safe levels of exposure (Society of Toxicology, 1999). The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the SOT’s position statement on animal testing. The topics addressed in the paper are how toxicity levels are determined, the application of SOT principles to course material, ...

Introduction

Zika is a mildly infectious viral disease whose main mode of transmission is the chomp of an Aedes species mosquito that is already infected with the virus. The mosquitoes exist in two types, Aedes aegypti, and Aedes albopictus . Emergence and spread of the virus are accredited to the Zika forest which is located in Uganda. The disease was first discovered here in 1947. The initial infections on the human species were reported in 1952 in some parts of South East Asia and Topical Africa. Since the time the disease was first reported, minimal cases have been recorded to date ...

Global warming refers to a system of climate changes that are responsible for causing an increase in the average temperature of the lower atmosphere which affects the average thermal gradient of the Earth. Global warming may have a great variation among the causes, but it is most principally associated with human interference, specifically with the release of excessive amounts of greenhouse gases”. The most popular and common definition of the global warming is “Warming caused by human activity.” (Weather Street) There are several gases in the Earth’s atmosphere which are responsible for the increase in the global temperature ...

Abstract

Economics is the science of studying behavioral aspects of the consumer market. Trends in the consumer market directly influence the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. Micro economic specifically explores the aspects of rationalization that affects the decision making of the consumer market. Research in these areas is key to the basis of institutional theory: which can be used to make future productions of the consumer market for instance. The theory of bounded rationality holds, that the decision making process is usually influenced by limitations such as time, available information and cognitive functions. The consumer therefore is ...

Introduction

Separating right from wrong remains one of the most critical factors that have generated intense debate across various contexts. Precisely, the society is clouded by an array of moral issues that have created a divide pitting those opposed and those supporting certain dynamics in the society. The rights of animals occur as one of the topics that remain controversial and raise varying opinions from the societal populations. The highly democratic nature of the society has offered a platform where animal rights advocacy thrives. While much has been hypothesized about animal rights advocacy, there is a need to note that ...

How Does the Strategic Use of Evidence Assist in the Detection of Deception?

The years past have shown important milestones when it comes to uncovering truth and deception in many areas of life, including in various fields such as law, research, medicine, and politics, among others. Experts reveal that deception is a result of a psychological issue on the individual committing the deceptive action. This paper will focus on clearly identifying what the concept of deception is as well as provide methods on eliciting truth and uncover dishonesty and fraud through the strategic use of evidence. Different tactics on how to do this will also be presented where, using the different techniques ...

Introduction

Scientific method is described as a field of practices that is used to examine various phenomena, obtain knowledge and even incorporate or correct previous knowledge. The scientific method is established on evidence that is measurable and empirical as well and which is subjected to some standard of reasoning. Scientific method can also be defined as a method that follows a systematic process of observation, experimentation and formulation as well (Hesse-Biber and Johnson, 2015).

Body

The scientific methods of research are question, hypothesis, experimentation, analysis of data and conclusion. Asking a question is the first step of a research and the ...

Jeffrey Zacks and Rebecca Treiman’s article, published in The New York Times magazine, as of April 2016, is an argumentative piece about how people will not be able to develop the skill of speed-reading effectively. Speed-reading is defined firstly as “to absorb text several times faster than normal, without any significant loss of comprehension,” (Zacks and Treiman). The message is that several companies that promise to improve the customer’s ability to speed-read are deceptive. Scientific research is not able to support the claims that those companies make. The writers are actually both professors of psychological and brain ...

Introduction

The university community has different people in its setting. Community here comprises of students, faculty and other staff. In extension, the university also comprises the management boards who are not necessarily fulltime university employees and the students’ parents. All these play an important role in the functioning of the community. The community influences the neighbors and the city at large in terms of business and other areas. The university is a large community and with today’s technology, the use of social media is highly utilized. Starting with the university as an institution to the individual members within. The ...

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/17/opinion/sunday/sorry-you-cant-speed-read.html?partner=rssnyt&emc=rss Jeffrey Zacks and Rebecca Treiman’s article is an argumentative piece about how people will not be able to effectively develop the skill of speed-reading. Speed-reading is defined firstly as “to absorb text several times faster than normal, without any significant loss of comprehension,” (Zacks and Treiman). The message is that several companies that promise to improve the customer’s ability to speed-read are deceptive. Scientific research is not able to support the claims that those companies make. The writers are actually both professors of psychological and brain sciences. One of the scientific articles that they refer to ...

During the last century, scientists involved in research and studies on drug abuse were governed by the powerful misconceptions and fabricated stories about the addictive nature of the drugs and the reason behind drug addiction. Proper scientific studies on drug addiction started in the 1930s when the research was done to learn the behavioral aspects of addiction. People who were addicted to drug usage were considered as immoral individuals and those who lack willpower. During that time, these viewpoints shaped the response of the society towards drug abuse, considering it as an immoral act rather than treating it as ...

Some researchers argue that the innovation in science has a direct relationship with the advancement in morality. This argument, therefore, shows the link that exists between science and moral aspects. These researchers address various reasons as to why they support the fact that moral values and scientific advancements have a relationship. Conversely, some scientists criticize the fact that morality has an influence on scientific research. Accordingly, these researchers also criticize the way in which scientific facts relate to moral values. This paper discusses the morals value associated with science showing both the agreements and disagreements presented by two different ...

Science is a methodical approach to the study of the natural world. Most of the questions related to the existence of the world, the past, and future are answered using the observational methods ("The nature if science and the scientific method", 2016). Science not only reflects the truth, but it allows understanding what the most correct fact with the evidence itself is. Scientists test all their nature explanations using experiments, observations, and mathematical models; though the scientific methods tend to change and the confirmation is done through observations and experiments only ("The nature if science and the scientific method", ...

Science is a word that is commonly used to mean a group of cultural values that govern scientific activities, or some accumulated knowledge that come from the application of scientific methods. Values, on the other hand, are personal preferences or judgments regarding what people consider being either right or wrong or what is liked or disliked. Many scientists have the conceived notion that science deals with facts and not values and that it is objective while values are not. But the sociologists of science have challenged the scientists’ belief in science being value-free hence raising questions regarding science and ...

Introduction

Hydraulic fracking, also referred to as hydraulic fracturing is one among the procedures that have prominently been associated with negative impacts both on the economy and the environment. While different stakeholders perceive the effects differently, we are going to focus on the effects of the extractive procedure with regard to the environment. Speaking of the environment, water, air and human health are given prominence (Capitol.Net, Inc, 2010). While the effects of hydraulic fracturing have been the topic of main political concerns in most countries across the world today, people do not fully comprehend what the procedure entails. For ...

Subjectivity refers to the situation of being a given subject. It used to show the quality of having experiences, beliefs, perspectives, desires, feeling and power. It is used for giving explanations to what affects and influences the judgement of people about reality or truth. Generally, subjectivity is a collection of experiences, perception, cultural or personal understanding, beliefs, and expectations specific to an individual.

In scientific research, subjectivity is a very delicate discipline. In carrying out quantitative research, I would argue that there is a need to maintain subjectivity at the lowest level. This is because most scientific analysis requires keen examination of ...

1. Public Concern Its influence on the scientific progress refers to issues that public may have regarding the steps taken by scientists in order to achieve scientific goals. It may arise due to a gap in public’s understanding or a poor analysis by scientists regarding public issues .

2. Financial Matters Any worse financial interests and obligations can impede the progress of scientists and researchers . In terms of scientific progress, the financial matters may refer to the management of money, capital, funds or resources to complete the scientific projects .

3. Economic Pressure The influence of the ...

Introduction

Drug abuse is major problem across the globe. The US has a big multicultural population, flexible immigration laws, liberalism, and lies in major drug transit route. These issues have made the US a big target for drug production, trade, and consumption (Hakim, 4). The federal government initiated laws and agencies to fight drug use and trade. However, dynamics in the trade, human rights issues, scientific research, economic constraints, shifting international relations, and several other policy issues have compelled the government to rethink its stand on policies regarding drugs in the country.

Major policy issues in drug Use in US

The main policy issues in the US drug policies are ...

Question 1: Determine the types of ecotourism activities carried out in your country, state or area.

Answer: Australia houses nineteen World Heritage Sites varying from Greater Blue Mountains, to the magnificent Great Barrier Reef, to the fossil mammal sites in Riversleigh/ Naracoorte, to the Gondwana rain forests, to the Wet Tropics of Queensland. Though the nature of ecotourism activities depend on the features of the ecosystem in some cases, in others, the activities are same, the place changes. Mountain biking is an example of the former, and, exploring the flora and fauna, of the latter.

The activities offered by ecotour operators include mystery tours to explore the legends, culture, myths, ghost stories and history of a ...

Psychological profiling started in ``the 1800s.”Some of the people that contributed to psychological profiling are Alphonse Bertiollon, Ernest Kretschmer, Hand Grosss and Jacob Fries. Psychological Profiling entails studying the crime committed and the manner the offence is committed, in order to establish a connection in crimes that indicate similarity in terms of the crime nature and mode of commission.

Jack the Ripper Case” is the first case whereby psychological profiling was applied to facilitate capturing the perpetrator of the crimes. Jack was a ``serial killer.”Jack killed five prostitutes before his capture. The profiling aided the investigators to formulate a mechanism ...

Immigration is the movement of people from their homeland countries to live in another foreign country permanently. There are many reasons why people migrate. People migrate due to political or economic constraints within their countries. Other factors can be family reunions or simply, change of environment (Graham, 2008).

Instability is current state in the racial and ethical makeup among the Americans. There are various large measures put in place by the Asians and the Latin Americans in respect to their large assorted of their cultural and phenotypic multiplicity. Despite their effects, there is the likely hood of those acts ...

The main aim of writing papers is to argue out an opinion or report about a certain matter. Scientific papers, especially research papers are different because they provide new findings in a hitherto unknown subject. It is because of this nature that they require special structural and linguistic formulas which will enable them to present the new information in a clear and concise manner. An analysis of the article "Academic work, the Internet and U.S. college students" by Jones et al published in Internet and Higher Education shows how structural and linguistic structures contribute to the clear presentation of new information ...

In order for the hospital to maintain the highest quality of service for all, compliance with the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 is crucial. HIPAA provides specific guidelines that assist patients and health care providers with insurance issues, confidentiality concerns, and in controlling costs of administration. HIPAA is divided into three sections. These sections include Portability, Administrative Simplification, and Privacy. Portability helps patients to maintain insurance coverage when transitioning between jobs. Administrative Simplification protects privacy by setting standards for “receiving, transmitting and maintaining healthcare information” (Dreyzehner, n.d.). Privacy provides protection to individuals of ...

Prevention is better than cure a wise say goes. This is what researchers in this article opt to pass across to the people. They spent time researching on parent’s decisions on their children’s immunization. Research methodology used here is quantitative research; this is seen by the use of numerical data in providing information about the number of people with their opinions. Quantitative approach has also been employed, and it is evident in the procedures of data collection. The use of tables, calculation, numerical and focus groups proves that the quantitative research approach was employed.

Research is regarded as ...

Psychology refers to the scientific study of human and animal behavior. The word “psychology” derived from two Greek words psyche and logia. Psyche means breath, spirit and soul while logia means study of something. Medilexicon medical dictionary defines psychology as science and scholarly discipline concerned with the behavior of humans and animals, and related to physiological and mental processes. The complexity of the mind puts into question how psychologists study the mind and brain. Psychology, like other scientific disciplines experiments, to confirm or negate theories and expectations. The raw data for a psychologist is human or animal behavior. Psychologists ...

Consumer Driven Health Plans (CDHPs) are medical insurance plans which allow a person to pay for certain medical services directly, rather than pay premiums to the insurer, who in turn caters for the expenses. Basically they save the consumer from paying high premiums in a comprehensive health insurance cover (Eagle et.al., 2009). The consumer is given the option of selecting which service to pay for based on their needs (Balser Group, 2013). High Deductable Health Plans on the other hand attract low premiums but the consumer has to bare more out of pocket expenses than in conventional health insurance policies (McKenzie ...

Providing this personal statement for admission into an academic institution with the caliber of challenges, opportunities, and focus offered by your organization constitutes a critical benchmark in my career goal of becoming a professional physical therapist. Both a passion for academic excellence combined with an extensive background in science underpins the scholastic and pragmatic foundation of what my admission to your institution offers to the expectations of the quality of learner you provide admission.

Life experiences add to the impetus driving this goal of becoming a physical therapist. This interest in physical therapy began as a small boy with my belief in the magical ...

Abstract

In this paper, I will analyze how money-making motivations are connected to subjective well-being. Money-making motivations are frequently distributed into realistic and unrealistic motivations, and that depends on the possibility of attaining them through making money. However, the distribution of motivations into realistic and unrealistic does not have to represent the absolute truth in every scientific research and real life scenario. Scientific research shows various conflicting findings on money-making motivations and their relationship with well-being. I will analyze the importance of cultural influences, value conflict, and associations with money in defining subjective well-being. Money-making motivations are an essential factor ...

The cell phone is undeniably a great technological innovation of the twenty first century. It started off as an expensive gadget used by security agencies, government agencies and members of the high society. Gradually, the cell phone became a very important tool of communication especially in business. For quite sometime, the cell phone remained a symbol of status and not many people talked about the possible hazards posed by its continued use. The few members of the society fortunate enough to own a cell phone continued to use the device oblivious of the dangers they got exposed to. As the cell phone grew ...

Executive Summary

“Be Different: My Adventures with Asperger's and My Advice for Fellow Aspergians, Misfits, Families, and Teachers”, is written by John Elder Robison. This is a bestselling memoir of the author, who was born with Asperger, when there was no mechanism to diagnose this condition. By that time he got to know about this condition, he had developed some unique strategies to deal with this condition. He identified his strengths and turned them into opportunities for himself. This book is unique in a way because it has been developed with a positive thought. It does not consider this syndrome as a burden, but recognizes ...

Literature Review

Adapting to climate change is not limited to environmental issues but rather on the policies developed by the legal instruments, socially responsible business, scientific research as well as awareness creation. The United States has already started on adapting its institutions on climate change vulnerability through conventions and National Adaptation Summits as well as being signatories to international MEA’s (Multilateral Environmental Agreements) such as the Kyoto Protocol as well as Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(karl, Melillo and Peterson, 2009). This shows that the issue is not only experienced at a regional level but on the global spectrum as well. ...

Gibbons, chimps, and other primates are not just considered evolutionary related to human beings, scientific analysis suggests that there are blood relationships between the two. The human blood types A, B, and O in human beings are approximated to have evolved about 20 million years ago, which is assumed to be as old as the human existence. This scientific research also reveals the existence of a common ancestry between these primates and human beings. According to scientific knowledge, blood types are broken down into two groups of positive and negative, which are referred to as the Rhesus factor (RH). Therefore, ...

Introduction

Pregnancy is a special period in women’s lives and while for some women it represents a time to increase their health and safety strategies for protecting themselves and their unborn babies, for others this period is solely stressful as they are trying to cope with their substance use. The alcohol and drug consumption among pregnant women is an increasingly concerning issue, as it affects both the child-bearing women’s health and the development of the fetus and later, of the child. This essay examines three research articles that discuss the effects of alcohol and drug use during and after pregnancy, ...

English

The story of Henrietta Lacks has several themes in it. It talks about family relationships, the strong spirit of Henrietta and broadly on the science of HeLa. The writer of the book Rebecca Skloot did some extensive research and study on the life of Henrietta and based on her story she has gone ahead to start an organization to help people who have greatly contributed in scientific research. She mainly focuses on the people who have not received any recognition like it was the case of Henrietta’s children before it was discovered that her cells were being used for ...

Informed Consent in Scientific Testing

‘Instructor’s Name’ ‘Subject’ Informed consent is the process of getting the prior consent of the patient, before choices about his/her health care is made. This concept is based on the, rights a patient has on her body, and the ethical duty of the physician to inform the patient about the things happening to her body. The consent might be required both for performing a therapy for the ailment of the patient, or to make them participate in a clinical trial. An informed consent is said to have been obtained from a patient, when she is fully aware of the facts ...

Introduction

Man has been dependent on the animals for its survival for food, companionship, and competition. Man has also used animals to gain knowledge about its surroundings. One of the earliest examples being that of physician Galen who used animals to demonstrate that blood flowed in arteries and not air. The man has come a long way from times of Galen and now, dogs, cats, monkeys, hamsters, rabbits, guinea pigs, and other animals are integral to the domain of scientific research. Research involves three distinct facets: acquiring knowledge, animals use in teaching exercises, and testing on animals of compounds, devices, or ...

Introduction Embryonic scientific research offers optimism for innovative therapies, but their research has always been debated. Various countries regulate such research in different ways as the subject still carries a divided opinion. What makes the topic of use of embryos so tricky to resolve, and is it so tough to resolve the issues? The research use of human embryos is currently a high ethical and political agenda in many countries. Despite the possible benefit of the research, their use is contentious because they are derived from early embryos. In this essay, some of the ethical issues surrounding the use of human ...

Millions of animals undergo distressing scientific procedures, and some of these can be very painful. Does the Legislation of animal experimentation under modern societies make the issue ethically acceptable? The “3Rs” concept focuses on the efforts to replace, reduce and refine the animal testing and experiments. There is a continuing debate going on ethical issues of the use of animal in scientific experiments (Kolar111-22). Animal testing is nothing new in the society, and it has been done since centuries. The animals have been used in different researchers working in the areas of health and food. Earlier, the animals have been ...