Essays on Scientific Method

The understanding of truth is an intriguing concept that has been the subject of many explanations and theories over the years. Many attempt to define its meaning and how to distinguish truth from other concepts. Truth can thus be considered a shifting, provisional, subjective and temporary concept. Its meaning varies depending on context and a variety of other factors. The attempt at understanding the concept fully remains elusive and incomplete. This analysis focuses on an effort to analyze truth; this occurs through the exploration of various types of truth. An understanding of the concept will help in knowing the Continue reading...

Traditional narrative often paints Latin America as a defenseless victim of international lust for power. Latin America has habitually been thought of as a poor region full of merry people being always exploited by countless empires or armies of greedy people willing to sack their seemingly endless resources. The fact that this region full of hard working people and vast resources, is still one of the least developed areas in the world, might lead anyone to believe they are under a permanent spell cast by the great world powers, especially the United States, that condemn them to eternal poverty. Continue reading...

The Scientific Method is a way that Natural Scientists determine, test and prove their hypothesis. It is an organized way to prove or disprove a theory ("Scientific method," 2014).
In the context of evolution, the question to ask is: is evolution true? The next step is to do some preliminary research in order to put the question in the form of a hypothesis. To do this, the background research aims to determine if there is any empirical evidence that may support the question. The other area to explore is to question what else may have contributed to the end Continue reading...

Wolfs (2013), describes the scientific method as the process of creating a reliable and consistent representation of a theory or hypothesis by actively eliminating all personal prejudice and bias from the person researching the theory, using the observation-hypothesis-prediction-experiment model. It involves the observation and description of a phenomenon followed by formulation of a hypothesis to explain that phenomenon. By using this hypothesis, the scientist attempts to predict the existence of new phenomenon especially as pertains to new observations. Finally, other independent scientists perform further and deeper experiments on these predictions.
The scientific method was important in the technological advances Continue reading...

Research Article Structure

The key sections typically used in research articles include (1) the introduction/background, (2) literature review, (3) methods, (4) results, (5) discussion, and (6) the conclusion. The introduction and literature review are sometimes not distinguished as separate sections. The choice of sections will also depend on the research topic and aims, and each section can introduce more subsection, but all research articles need to discuss the study aims and their hypotheses in the first section of the article. For example, a study on exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by Hembree et al. (2003) presents previous research on exposure Continue reading...

Question 1

Comparative politics refers to a scientific method of study in the field of political science. Comparative politics is a science because it involves comparison of two or many countries with an attempt to draw a conclusion drawing on those relationships. The method used in comparative politics resembles other methods, which scientists used in the field of physical sciences since it also tries to ascertain empirical associations between variables. Political science differs from physical science in one aspect, in that, in physical sciences, is the methods of testing available to each field. In the field of physical sciences, scientists can Continue reading...

Methods in Behavioral Research

PART I:
What is the purpose of each of the sections in a typical research article?
Scott and Hofmeyer (2009) state that research articles are a very vital part of acquiring knowledge in the academic world. This means that intellectuals need to learn the intricacies of research journals. Learning the format of an average article will enable readers learn to derive the important information from the articles. If this happens, researchers will have maximum benefits from the research sources.
The first section of every research article is the title. It should illuminate on the topic discussed as well as Continue reading...

Sociology: DS2 Part 1

The first theme selected for this discussion is social construction of reality. This theme is related to a theory with assumption that reality is relative to the socio- cultural environment where people live and interact. It consists of one’s country, religious affiliation; city, education among a few other variables (Korgen, 52). From my personal point of view this theory contains inconsistencies because reality is relative to one’s personal experience. As such, it was my proposal to investigate this occurrence by conducting a brief survey asking a small sample of respondents to explain their views of reality. The Continue reading...

During the early years of the 14th century, most of the western civilizations are active in spreading their Christian faith. They have travel half way across the globe in order to fulfill their religious duties as well as expand their political territories. Religion has been powerful during this time and anyone who opposes their beliefs is commonly punished (Henry 3). However, there are also some who are taking the odds against religion and looking up into the sky for answers about the cosmos and other realities of life. These people are the creators and initiators of the modern science Continue reading...

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The science of ergonomics is related to the characteristics of the work that is performed, the implements that are used, the bodily posture that is maintained and the workplace setting. . The objective of ergonomics is to ensure that individuals are comfortable, and less likely to incur work related injuries. Ergonomics in the workplace involves adapting the details of the task to the worker instead of making the worker adapt to the work. The most frequently encountered injuries that take place in the workplace are musculoskeletal dysfunctions. The risk factors that cause the scientific review of ergonomics in the workplace Continue reading...

Introduction

Biology and information technology holds many things in common. The two aspects deal with astounding complexity, organism representing biology and networks, computers representing technology. Experts have developed many innovations in the world today that focuses on solving different problems affecting the society. The following paper helps in naming and explaining how a specific scientific method helps solve the problem.
The definitions of scientific and pseudoscientific bring many confusion and debates. Pseudoscience refers to the abuse of a certain claim that an individual does not like for any given reason. There exists a concrete difference between science and pseudoscience.

Strengths and limitations of scientific knowledge and the scientific method

One Continue reading...

Introduction

The theory of knowledge obligation is an essential key to the educational philosophy. From a philosophic point of view, neutral question is the question that is obvious interpreted from a questioner who has not vested any interest on the answer. In other words, the questioner will accept the answer that is given out or emerges from anyone. Neutral question is a leading question in the argumentative essay that is well distinguished in the legal world of philosophy. In this case, witnesses are asked questions that are designed and produce a certain answer that will settles the questioner’s prove Continue reading...

Georg Lukacs and Sandra Harding on Standpoint Epistemology

Introduction
In general, standpoint epistemology (SE) aims to represent the world from a particular socially situated perspective or standpoint (Lammey, 2013). For both Lukacs and Harding, the standpoint taken is that of the marginalized: the proletariat and the women, respectively. It is believed that the lives of the marginalized can actually lay a claim to epistemic privilege and the production of knowledge precisely because of their unique sets of experiences in comparison with dominant classes or sex which fails to ‘critically and systematically interrogate their advanced social situation and the effect of such advantages on their beliefs’ (Harding, 1993) Continue reading...

I. Introduction
In this research paper, the relationship between science and religion is examined in terms of the potential for a harmonious coexistence. This is an old debate and currently it is a vitally significant one. The view of science and religion as warring enemies has historic roots. The Catholic Inquisition was known to persecute and execute people considered heretics because of their belief in science and scientific things. The Church found science as an explanation offensive. Galileo Galilei is one of the most well known of the victims of the Inquisition. He was imprisoned and forced to do Continue reading...

Executive Summary

Accident investigation is aimed to determine the root causes of the accident, to estimate its cost effects, and also to comply to government safety regulations. Safety practitioners have to use a scientific method for this. There are five simple steps in accident investigation: (1) collecting information, (2) reviewing information, (3) determining the causes, (4) recommending actions, and (5) evaluating the effectiveness of the actions. It starts with collection of evidence to analyze the problem better. Data is reviewed for authenticity and for differences. Determining the causes is best performed using the root cause analysis (RCA). Root cause analysis integrates Continue reading...

Introduction

Philosophy is all about questioning and setting the rules to find out the truth and its different approaches. It defines the abstract concepts and emphasizes on logic with rules of argumentation. Philosophy has researched science with good detail and influenced scientific inventions by thorough reasoning and intellectual thought (Popper, 2014). The subject of philosophy went deep down and developed various approaches, scientific method, and practices of science, adopting the strategy of discovering the facts, mechanisms, and laws to study the natural world. Science is a collection of knowledge, which is based upon predictions and testable explanation. As a result, Continue reading...

Since the time of the Ancient Greeks, western philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle -- among countless others -- have wrestled with moral questions in order to establish a more complete picture of ethical theory. Two different disciplines have focused on questions about the moral characteristics, traits, and virtues of people: philosophy and psychology (Doris & Stich, 2006). For all its merits, philosophy does not focus on the scientific method to determine the context of an ethical theory, but the blossoming field of moral psychology utilizes an empirical approach in order to determine how morality fits into a framework built Continue reading...

Elitism from perspective of pluralism and behavioralism

Elitism theory assumes that the country is run by a ruling class that has the social and economic weight, the knowledge and experience, and the power to make decisions and set policy and this is preferred because the public is not capable of making decisions about policy. Pluralism faults elitism theory for ignoring the impact of interest groups and institutional influence on power. Dahl recognized the dilemma of a society run by elitist from a pluralism point of view; elitists remove the incentive for people with the least power to undertake political activity. Pluralism states that citizens do have Continue reading...

Question 1: What is the difference between a positive and negative feedback loop? Describe and discuss one example of each feedback loop not discussed in the text or the course lecture.
Answer: Positive feedback loop increases the size of the state variable, whereas a negative feedback loop decreases its size (Cunningham & Cunningham, 2011). Further, positive feedback loop, if unchecked, may lead to instability of the system, while a negative feedback loop helps the system to maintain a constant state (Cunningham & Cunningham, 2011).
An example of positive feedback loop is the role of water vapor in global warming. Global warming Continue reading...

Research in the scientific sense means conducting a methodical study to answer a certain question or to support a hypothesis. The central goal of this process is discovery of a definite answer to the given issue/problem. The process of scientific research should always be systematic, following certain steps along a protocol, which varies in different fields of knowledge. To conduct properly research, it is necessary to successfully organize the process, plan it consistently and identify the questions that have to be answered. Research does not stop at the stage of discovery of some data or making some observations, as Continue reading...

Psychology

Identifying human personality helps understand the nature and behavior of human beings so as to help predict how they deal with stress and problems. Arguably, scientific method is among the best methods of studying human personality since it uses statistical data and methods to identify personality. The main reason for supporting scientific evaluation is because it improves accuracy and dependability of the results (Olson & Hergenhahn, 2011).
According to John et al. (2010), scientific method provides a basis and evidence of how the type of personality was arrived at. John et al. (2010) also stipulate that the efficiency of the Continue reading...

The scientific method is a general process by which all scientists gain knowledge by considering questions in a methodical way. There are five general steps to this process.
The first step of the scientific method involves observing phenomena. In other words, the scientist has to decide what it is he wants to know. This requires him to observe the world around him, and to focus in on his particular area of interest.
The second step in the scientific method involves creating a hypothesis, which essentially addresses the topic in which the scientist is interested and about which he has Continue reading...

RESEARCH PROBLEM:

Homosexuals are people that are attracted both equally romantically and sexually towards same sex. All throughout history homosexuality has been looked at in the controversial light along with lots of people seeing the idea being a shame, while other people visualize it as one accepted standard of living. Without having a question homosexuality faces resistance and is considered a taboo of minorities in our community. Scientific disciplines have an effect on the way the community sees homosexual and how they view themselves.
When pondering over homosexuality and whether scientific perspectives enjoy a component in working out whether female or Continue reading...

- The hierarchy of business decision makers categorizes organizations based on how they use business research to make decisions. List and explain the three levels in the hierarchy.
- Top level management composing of the CEOs, managing directors, general managers, etc. they are the people who plan and oversee the business performance.
- Middle level management; composing of assistant managers, senior managers etc. they are responsible for planning the implementation of the policies of the business to achieve set objectives.
- Operational level employees. This is the last level in business hierarchy. It comprises of the daily workers who Continue reading...

1. In a classical look the problem of induction was formulated by David Hume who noticed that such conclusions are based on the assumption that the future is similar to the past, or on the assumption that events of one type are necessarily bound (by means of a causal condition) to the events of the other type. (1) For example, if someone is asked why we believe that the sun will rise tomorrow, we would answer that in the Earth turns round within each 24 hours (approximately), and that in the nature, there is a uniformity which guarantees that Continue reading...

The scientific method involves making an observation, making an explanation of the observation, testing the explanation in order to see whether it is valid and either accepting or rejecting the explanation. Once an explanation is rejected, a better explanation is developed and then tested. The exact steps that are followed in a scientific method depend on the number of times the method is broken down. However, there are five major steps that are followed in a scientific method. These steps are making observations, proposing a hypothesis, designing an experiment and performing it to test the hypothesis, analyzing the data Continue reading...

- recognize and explain how the scientific method is used to solve problems
- make observations and discriminate between scientific and pseudoscientific explanations
- weigh evidence and make decisions based on strengths and limitations of scientific knowledge and the scientific method
- use knowledge of biological principles and the scientific method to ask relevant questions, develop hypotheses, design and conduct experiments, interpret results, and draw conclusions
Expectations:  Please write in complete sentences with proper spelling and grammar.  If a reference is used, cite it and provide a proper citation (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/). 
Following this practice will help you avoid plagiarism (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/01/). 
Continue reading...

Abstract

This psychological research focuses on noise irritation and problems with voice, as well as learning facilities and location towards the lecturer shape a subjective experience of Southampton Solent University students. I wanted to explore the effects of noise and scanty classroom acoustics on lecturers’ state of health and well-being. The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of sensed noise exposure and classroom reaction on information insufficiency. According to significant associations researches it leads to low education process satisfaction as well as deficiency of energy after lectures, and interest in leaving the university. Noise subjection is generally Continue reading...

In this paper I summarize, analyze, and critique "Can science prove that God does not exist.", by Theodore Schick Jr, on pages 484 to 487, a contemporary issue in Chapter 5 of the textbook. I discuss it with references to the chapter in MLA format. A short summary of the argument is provided, and then analysis is conducted on two underlying assumptions. Analysis of the assumptions is the type of analysis that is necessary to understand philosophy in these different contemporary issues. Often the actual logic used is sound; however, the underlying assumptions for the logic are typically not Continue reading...

Sometimes, the world can be a very dangerous place. Since the prehistoric times, people all over the world have been confronted by rather overwhelming events. Nevertheless, humans have balanced this through coping successfully with catastrophes that they encounter. As a result, a crucial role has been played by the evolution process with regards to the selection, preservation, and fine-tuning of a number of adaptive mechanisms that are psychological, thus promoting human species survival.
Post-Traumatic stress disorder or PTSD is a condition whereby a human being develops anxiety disorder after experiencing, seeing or living through events that threaten or cause Continue reading...

The University of North Carolina at Wilmington will help me achieve both my educational and career goals. My goals regarding education are to receive a high-level education in a rigorous program that will enable me to be a well-rounded individual conversant in a wide range of disciplines, and to continue with my education through Dental School while staying local in North Carolina. My career goals, as such, are towards healthcare generally, and dentistry in particular. Dentistry will enable me to be at the forefront of modern healthcare and to be in a position to greatly advance individuals’ health and Continue reading...

Summary

An academic area of examination may be deduced to exist when a logical body of knowledge is built to define topic of inquiry. Acknowledged levels come to be used to certify and train specialists; full-time job opportunities become obtainable in university research and teaching; learned societies are established to promote study and dialogue; and publishing sites become available to aid disseminate new ideologies and analysis. In a nutshell, an institutionalized system of scholars comes into being, a distinct study community with its own limitations, rewards.
The International political economy (IPE) is less than 50 years old since its inception. Continue reading...

In biology many experimental procedures utilize the scientific method. The scientific method is a sequence of defined steps that start from the earliest stages of the discovery of scientific phenomena to its explained conclusion. A key element in the use of scientific method in explaining scientific phenomena is to have a systematic way of analyzing problems and reporting results. There are several stages in the scientific method: question/problem presentation, background research of phenomena, hypothesis, experiment, results and conclusion. All these processes allow a scientist to gather measureable and empirical evidence to arrive at a sound conclusion which is backed Continue reading...

Abstract

We have seen changes in the way management theory and leadership strategies are looked upon in the last 100 years. Conjured under the backdrop of numerous and varied events such as the industrial revolution in the early 1900s, the equalization of the treatment of races and gender, through the various economic depressions and worldwide political changes, the management aspect of business and life in general, has evolved at a sharper and more meaningful rate. This paper examines the evolution of management, from its early beginnings, to the scientific method espoused by Taylor, the findings of Henri Fayol, the summation Continue reading...

In chemistry, a hypothesis is a means to help explain phenomena. It is an idea that might explain why something happens. In contrast a theory in chemistry refers to testing this hypothesis by trying to determine what is true about a phenomena. 
A hypothesis is used to test why something happens. This is used to help develop the theory. The theory is based upon the truths discovered by testing the hypothesis. A law includes the entire collection of observations. Laws explain things but does not describe them differentiating them from a theory (Lastrucci, 1963) . The scientific process is a Continue reading...

The term research can be defined broadly as the process that involves any data, facts and information gathering with an aim of advancing knowledge. Scientifically, research is defined as the act of doing a methodical study with an aim of proving a hypothesis of answering a given question. The central role in carrying out research is to look for a definitive answer to a situation. Research process is usually systematic and follows a standardized protocol and a set of steps (Shuttleworth, 2008).
Scientific method refers to the process through which scientists endeavor to collectively and over a long time Continue reading...

The contribution of Alfred Wegener

William C. McCullough
LAIS 370 History of Science
Colorado School of Mines
Abstract
This paper discusses the role of Alfred Wegener in the discovery of the Plates tectonics theory. It is believed that the modern day plate tectonics theory is an advancement of continental drift theory which was discovered by Wegener. The study will seek to explore his efforts and contribution to modern science and how he has helped to shape the world.

Overview

Plate tectonics also known as continental drift theory describes that the earth was at one time many years back a super continent whereby all continents were Continue reading...

Continental drift is an idea developed by Alfred Wegner which states that the continents are drifting away across the ocean. He also suggested the plate tectonic theory in the year 1915. The theory states that, all continents were brought together into a mass land million of years ago. The key evidence presented in this case is that, African and South American continents fit each other perfectly if they can be enjoined. In addition, it has been evidenced that similar fossils are found in different continents which implies that, at one point in time they used to be together. The Continue reading...

Geographical evidence

- Fossil evidence of Glossopteris flora exists in Pennsylvania and Permian age coal deposits. This is in Africa, India, Australia, and Antarctica (Trent, Hazlett and Bierman 68)
- Close fit of the continental coastlines on both sides of the continents. Presence of geological features that were originally shared between the continents. Presence of faulting that leads to the formation of faults such as the San Andreas Fault indicates that continental drift has been taking place over a long period (Holmes 629).
- Rocks had retained the record of their positions of when they were formed to indicate that their Continue reading...

Introduction

Science instruction is the area concerned with sharing technology content and procedure with persons not traditionally considered a part of-the scientific community. The area of science instruction contains some social science, technology articles, and some teaching pedagogy. The requirements for technology education supply expectations for the improvement of comprehension for pupils through-the whole class of their K-12 education. The conventional subjects contained in the criteria are life, physical, world, and space sciences.
Throughout the previous couple of years, many significant modifications have been happened in the area of training, understanding and evaluation as concurrent with driving advancements in the Continue reading...