Essays on Gas

1. Brief History if Russian economic development and the role of nature gas in it.
2. Literature – the outlook of two articles with the relates topics, critical analysis of the authors point of view regarding the importance of nature gas owning by the Russian Federation in the geopolitical and internal policy.
3. Body:
- The place of Russia among the largest gas owning countries.
- The main Deposits locations of nature gas
- Natural gas in the fuel and energy balance of Russia
- The Russian nature gas market
- Government support and legislative background4. Summary and conclusion
1. Continue reading...

Executive Summary

The UK energy market is privatized. It is dominated by the “Big Six” players (Pym 2013). British Gas is the largest energy supplier in the UK energy market. The rate at which electricity is distributed across the UK is almost same for all the players. There is no product or price differentiation in the market, and hence, the probability of customers switching between service providers is minimal or almost none (National Grid, 2014). This makes the market less competitive. The players offering better products and better services receive no added advantage over others. British Gas has a robust supply Continue reading...

Introduction

Russia is a huge producer of oil and gas. It is the second largest producer and exporter of oil, and the largest producer and exporter of natural gas (Winfrey, 2010). Its economy largely depends on its oil and gas reserves. The funds acquired from its oil and gas reserves have greatly contributed to the survival of its political system. Boix (2004) argues that there are no examples of a successful transition to democracy in a country in which the contribution of the oil in the country’s export income is more than one third, and it seems to be Continue reading...

Dissertation Methodology

RESEARCH STRATEGY

This study was created to 'evaluate the severity of the effects from natural gas flares in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. It will utilize both a Quantitative Research model to evaluate the amounts of gas flared, the volume of contaminants released into the environment and the potential value of natural gas wasted. That will be followed by a Qualitative Analysis that uses numerical and statistical process to draw out and make generalizations based upon the information structure created from the Quantitative Research and the data sets provided by the various information sources. These information sources include, Continue reading...

Abstract

All gas in the Qatar passes through National Grid’s national transmission arrangement on its way to consumers. The owners and operator of gas transmission substructure in Qatar, work with other companies to make sure that gas is obtainable where and when it is wanted. In Qatar Gas flowing that comes from higher to lower pressure is looked at as being the fundamental standard of the natural gas delivery system that involves, pipelines, gas stations. The essay explores the connecting of gas from the natural source such as bottom of the sea (Offshore) and underground (Onshore) to the transmission Continue reading...

- Introduction- To analyze Oil and Gas prices by understanding the basics of oil and gas, major event in past and important players in the oil and gas industry.
- Key Points
- Major Players in the Oil and Gas Markets.
- Story of Oil and Gas through decades.
- Decoding the pricing of Oil and Gas
- What is the future of Oil and Gas?
- Body of the paper
- The major players that operate in oil and gas industry globally who have the political and economical clout to alter and change oil and gas dynamics.
- Continue reading...

There is a high demand for gas in the United States. Due to this high demand, many gas and oil companies have developed a new process of drilling natural gas. This process is known as Hydraulic Fracturing. Hydraulic Fracturing refers to the process of drilling horizontally by injecting a mixture of water, sand and chemicals- in high rate of concentration or pressure- into rocks as a means of creating new fissures for extracting gas and oil. This process of drilling is applied in difficult-to-reach areas. The technique was developed to stimulate oil production from wells, especially in declining oil Continue reading...

Introduction

The oil and gas industry has been in the business since the early times. It cannot be denied that the world has been dependent on oil historically, presently, and even more in the future. As the digital technology has been fast paced, more machines and equipment would need the gas and oil as blood for their functionality and efficiency.
Oil and gas are sources of energy that are sourced out naturally from the Earth. They are even considered as inexhaustible resources since they don’t run out. These under the earth sourced out energy fuels create a complex chain Continue reading...

Economic Report about Current Commercial Gasifiers

GE Energy Gasifier
GE Energy Gasifier uses the entrained flow, coal-water slurry feed, refractory lined slag and oxygen blown technology. The manufacturers at GE Energy have two variants, one with a radiant cooler and another full quench gasifier. Their products use a wide variety of fuels like low rank coals, pet coke, bituminous coal and other blends of pet coke. The design of GE Energy Gasifier emphasizes on operational eficiency. This is achieved through optimization of heat recovery and production of carbon monoxide. As espoused earlier, the GE Energy Gasifier predominantly uses the direct quench system. This design is Continue reading...

Natural gas represents a gases mixture that can be found in the ground and is created by the way of organic substances decomposition of anaerobic character. Typically, this type of gas is a mix of gaseous hydrocarbons, such as butane, ethane, methane, propane, etc., which is found in the earth's crust. It is broadly utilized as a fuel of very economical kind for various power plants in the glass and cement industry, nonferrous and ferrous metallurgy, building materials production and for household needs. It is also used as raw component for various organic compounds.
This type of gas is Continue reading...

The ubiquitous climate change and the attendant consequences in the forms of flash floods, earthquakes, tsunamis etc has further intensified efforts at seeking alternative sources of energy to the currently used fossil fuels that contribute so much to the deterioration of the environment and the menace of climate change. The alternative forms of energy, termed green energy are renewable sources of energy e.g. solar energy. Theses green sources of energy do not contribute to the deterioration of the environment. The industrial production of hydrogen gas H2 is dependent on heavy use of fossil fuel-generated electricity to power the process Continue reading...

Senate Bill 4.

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
Btus British thermal units
CA California
CASB 4 California Senate Bill 4
Chapt. Chapter
CIPA California Independent Petroleum Association
EIA Energy Information Agency
MWh Megawatt hours
SB Senate Bill
Sect. Section
US United States
USA United States of America
USGS United States Geological Survey
Introduction
On Friday, September 20, 2013 California Governor Jerry Brown signed into law the Senate Bill 4 (CASB 4) that sets up the organization of a permitting system for hydraulic fracking using the technique of fossil fuel well drilling and establishes the definitions applicable to fracking. California Senate Bill No. 4 Chapter Continue reading...

Abstract

The effects of oil drilling towards the environment or any drilling of similar nature such as drilling of natural gas has been extensively discussed. Major stakeholders such as the government, the private sector and common people that are directly influenced by these drilling activities have different views towards this topic, which makes it more controversial. Some idealist stakeholders, for example, believe that oil drilling poses serious environmental threats. For the same reason, they believe that the risk outweighs the advantages and so these drilling activities must be stopped at once. On the other hand, those stakeholders that is benefiting Continue reading...

Abstract

The fugacity is a term that has Latin origins, referring to pace and speed. Early work somewhere in the 20th century, on fugacity, demonstrated that chemical equilibrium is established by the free energies of reacting material. Since then, various approaches and concepts on fugacity have been provided. The gas fugacity of noble gasses has been studied, and models have been proposed for calculating the solubility of noble gasses. The development of various models has considered pressure effects, differential equilibrium between components and temperature changes.
The paper discusses the evolution of various multimedia fugacity models and the fugacity of pure Continue reading...

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF GAS FLARING IN THE NIGER DELTA REGION OF NIGERIA

INTRODUCTION
The development of energy resources in combination with the recent changes in world economies, climatic implications and resource management has let to greater examination of how resources are extracted, developed and utilized. The entire industry is constantly under review internally, and externally to perfect their processes with the least possible environmental damage. Because of the possibility, and the reality, of potential acute disasters as well as long range environmental effects of the energy production and extraction process each phase of the system needs careful examination to maximize production and minimize environmental impact. The Nigeria and the Niger Delta Continue reading...

MEM 695

Abstract
The purpose of this research paper is to introduce the different types of energy resources utilized worldwide. This paper discusses the history of the different resources used, starting with the utilization of conventional fossil fuel based technologies, the emergence of nuclear power and finally, the commercialization of renewable energy resources. The main objective of this research paper is to provide an insight on how these energy sources are accessed, utilized, distributed and developed. The paper also seeks to impact of the utilization of these various energy resources on the environment, especially the effect of continued utilization of conventional Continue reading...

Introduction

Shale oil/gas production has been a sensitive issue in the recent few years. Many of the advocates view the strategy as the future solution to the current oil and gas aspects that continue to affect the standards of livings based on the fluctuations on the prices due to influence of various factors such as political instability among other entities (DeGette 2011). Under what is termed as “The Shale Gas Revolution” the essence of share oil/gas has been an essential and important entity within the energy industry today. The revolution marginal impact on the natural gas market and the entire Continue reading...

An Analysis of the Formulation of California Senate Bill 4

Chapter IV: Findings
Introduction
The research had the ambitious goal of identifying the political process that took for the passing of SB 4. The subject was especially interesting because hydraulic fracturing (fracking) has taken place in California for several decades. In this chapter, data collected about the drilling style in California was presented with an effort to include the variety of data available from viewpoints of different stakeholders and their support or lack of support for the duration of the legislative process. Fracking is a national as well as a state political issue. Both external and internal factors impacted Continue reading...

Hydraulic fracturing is one of the popular methods of producing natural gas being applied in US in extraction of Shale Gas. The method has been hailed as a success in producing clean gas and as a source of energy that is responsibly produced. However, the method has its limitations in that it involves negative externalities. In this respect, this analysis seeks to explain the process, its pros and cons as well as its costs.

HYDRAULIC FRACTURING PROCESS AND COSTS

Hydraulic fracturing for shale gas extraction has been in US since 194o with an average of 90 percent of US gas and oil production being Continue reading...

Resource-Based View Analysis

Physical analysis
Husky Energy Inc. is omong one of Canada's biggest incorporated vitality organizations, headquartered in Calgary, Alberta. It is merchandized on an open market on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the images HSE and Hse.pr.a. The Company works in Western and Atlantic Canada, the United States and the Asia Pacific Region, with Upstream and Downstream business sections. Husky Energy is controlled by Hong Kong elite rich person Li Ka-Shing who possesses a larger part imparts of more or less 70% as per Bloomberg and Financial Post information. Husky's establishment is in Heavy Oil and Western Canada, where it Continue reading...

Introduction

The article, Marcellus Shale-Appalachian Basin Natural Gas Play, gives a detailed geological report about the latest discovery about the source of natural gas in Appalachian Basin. A renowned geologist, Hobart King, who has not only worked as a coal geologist but also as an economic geologist is its author. It gives the developments that have been made on the site to enhance the extraction of natural gas from 2003 up to date. The Appalachian basin has certain rocks that are have large natural gas deposits.

How the article relates to geology

Natural gas is one of the most valuable substances in any economy as it Continue reading...

According to the Department of Energy, the consumption in the United States of oil products per day is twenty million barrels (Bonsor & Grabianowski, 2012). Out of this amount, close to fifty percent is utilized for motor gasoline. The remaining amount is utilized for jet fuel, distillate fuel oil, and residual fuel among other fuels. One barrel of oil has forty two gallons that yields about twenty gallons of gasoline. Therefore, in the U.S, the daily consumption Continue reading...

Introduction

These days, after the rise of industrial revolution, almost every economy is dependent on industrial activities which businesses pursue to not only make profits but create value for the society at large. While pursuing such an activity, the manufacturing concerns are also required to take care of the environment as well. This is because the production activities not only involve the release of dangerous wastes but also involve the emission of carbon dioxide gas which is harmful for society, environment and marine life as a whole resulting in a rise of global warming.
Carbon dioxide (having a chemical formula Continue reading...

Blu, LNG, was established in the year 2012 as a joint business or venture between CH4 Energy Corp and ENN. The company has constructed approximately twenty-five permanent stations, in which trucks powered with LNG may refuel. Moreover, Blu, LNG is building the infrastructure for the natural gas trucks through developing as well as managing liquefied natural gas (LNG) stations. The company’s truck lease, as well as conversion kit programs, support corporations use the gains of liquefied natural gas. Blu, LNG, anticipates expanding its advantages of natural gas (LNG) to the U.S. The paper discusses and identifies the internal Continue reading...

Natural gas resources will continue to play a significant role in the sustainability and objective of having an independent, self sufficient energy mix for the United States in the coming years. With its objective of being able to increase its use of clean energy in the mix, American energy sector policy makers are looking to harness the extensive stores of natural gas that have become commercially viable resulting from the use of cutting edge technology in the fields of “horizontal drilling” and “hydraulic fracturing” that have allowed operators to extract greater amounts of oil and natural gas from shale Continue reading...

Abstract

The experiment aimed at explaining the interaction of the molecules at different pressure, temperature and volumes. At low temperatures, the volume of the gas was low while at high temperatures, the volume of gas increased. The experiment successfully determined the value of absolute temperature using the Charles’s Law as 202.75OC which was lower than the theoretical value. The experiment also successfully verified the Boyle’s Law. The interaction of temperature and the volume of the fluid can be concluded to be directly proportional with an increase in temperature leading to increase in volume. On the other hand, the Continue reading...

INTRODUCTION

The development of energy resources and the recent changes in world economies, climatic implications and resource management has let to greater examination of how resources are extracted, developed and utilized. The entire industry is constantly under review internally, and externally to perfect their processes with the least possible environmental damage. Because of the possibility, and the reality of potential acute disasters as well as long range environmental effects of the energy production and extraction processes each phase of the system needs careful examination to maximize production and minimize environmental impact. Nigeria and the Niger Delta region have Continue reading...

Introduction

As indicated by many scientists,( what is the authority for this, which scientists, book or journal article) the reduction of greenhouse gas emission requires a global consolidated effort with participation from all the countries across the globe. At least, those countries responsible for emitting the maximum amount of greenhouse gas are expected to comply with the cause. The current environment regime as governed by Kyoto Protocol is not helping in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. In fact, Kyoto Protocol, due to differentiating between developed and developing countries, has come under heated criticism from all corners. Common but Differentiated Continue reading...

Introduction

Mobility is a significant basis for quite a number of private and economic activities. Thus, it forms a critical part of our everyday life. In many countries, mobility demand is mainly met by road traffic, with modern automobiles and road networks allowing for a high level of individual mobility. However, there are issues that are a consequence of this mobility. For example, mobility results in significant environmental problems in terms of carbon dioxide emissions that are mainly attributed to the burning of gasoline. Another problem is the declining fuel reserves and the subsequent rise in oil prices which translates Continue reading...

Supply chain management is very vital in the oil and gas industry. The Global Supply Chain Forum outlined that supply chain management would be incorporating major business processes in all the value chains ranging from the original raw material suppliers to the end consumers of the products manufactured. The stakeholders of the supply chain gain value owing to the top notch products, information and services created by the processes (Lambert & Cooper, 2000). The supply chain is ever changing. This modern era brings in some challenges that need to be considered in order to coordinate the system effectively. In this Continue reading...

Hydraulic fracturing is a method that allows natural gas and oil to have free movement from the rock pores to a low permeability rock formation where they are trapped to come to the surface. The technology came into place in the 1940s and had been operational in most of the drilling stations. The method uses water, ceramic beads or sand, and other chemicals, as the main materials for the exercise. The mixture is pumped into the surface under high pressure and causes fractures in the rock that extends outward from the bore (Michael 2011). The main function of using Continue reading...

Abstract

This paper analyzes different studies made by researchers in order to identify economic, environmental and political aspects of fracking and provides explanations on how fracking could be both advantageous and disadvantageous to the United States of America. Most of researchers argue that fracking activities have a negative effect on our environment and public health. For example, researchers from the Colorado School of Public Health and Brown University have found that the babies born near gas wells were 30 percent more likely to have congenital heart defects and oral clefts. In economic terms fracking is beneficial for our country as Continue reading...

Table of Contents

General introduction
3

Background
4
Responsible team
4
Intended use
4
Stakeholders
5
Outcomes/consequences of the technology
5
Positive results
5
Negative results in case of wide deployment of the technology
6
Mitigation measures for minimizing the effects
8
Discussion
9
The guiding ethical principle
9
Future deployment of the innovation
10
Bibliography
11

General introduction

Technological innovation is the primary factor in development by offering possible solutions found in different industries. Innovations in the oil and gas industry have improved the quality of drilling processes leading to high energy productivity. Drilling petroleum wells uses the Continue reading...

Management

Introduction
The oil and gas sector of the United States of America supplies around 65 percent of U.S. energy. This sector includes petroleum refining and gas and oil extraction industry. Globally, the United States of America accounts for more than 500,000 producing wells for petroleum and has around 4000 natural gas and oil platforms. It is the third largest producer of petroleum in the world. In total, this country has around 144 refineries which produce crude oil of more than 17 million barrels daily (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency).
There have been several factors like alternative fuels, growing production Continue reading...

Hydraulic fracturing or fracking is a technique that involves typical mixing of water with chemicals and sand, under high pressure. The mixture is injected into wellbore to create small fractures where fluids such as petroleum, gas, brine water and uranium-bearing solution might migrate to the well. The hydraulic pressure is removed from such well and small proppant grains are used in holding the fractures open when the rock achieves equilibrium. This technique is common in wells for tight gas, shale gas, coal seam gas and tight oil. Such well stimulation is carried out once in the well’s life Continue reading...

LITERATURE REVIEW: UNITED STATES ENERGY INDEPENDENCE

Question: How the concerns relating to the exploration of Shale gas were mitigated.

The issue of energy independence is a subject of debate that has dominated US politics for several decades. Virtually, every President since Richard Nixon to Barack Obama have pledged allegiance to assisting the United States realize the goal of energy dependence. Policy debates tend to focus on the strategies that could be implemented to minimize US’s dependence on foreign oil. Homans (2012) argues that the United States has remained independent on imported oil despite increasing demands for energy anxiety across the globe. According to Miller ( Continue reading...

Results and Discussion

4.1 Introduction
In environmental Chapter Four this study will analyze the secondary data from the Dow Jones as reported in the Wall Street , the Nigerian National Petroleum Statistical Bulletin found in the “Nigeria Gas Production and Use 1970 to 2008” table from ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF WASTAGES IN THE NIGERIAN GAS INDUSTRY. It will go on to combine elements of the two creating a more comprehensive picture of the environmental impacts of gas flaring in Nigeria and the Nigerian Delta region. (See: ADDENDUM D - 1995 to 2008 Comparison Chart) Then it will further utilize a Qualitative Analysis to draw Continue reading...

An Analysis of the Formulation of California Senate Bill 4

CHAPTER IV
This research has the ambitious goal of identifying the political process that took for the passing of SB 4. The subject is especially interesting because hydraulic fracturing (fracking) has taken place in California for several decades. In this chapter, data collected about the drilling style in California will be presented with an effort to include the variety of data available from viewpoints of different stakeholders. Fracking is a national as well as a state political issue. It has been assumed that both external and internal factors have impacted the policy process. Decisions made at federal government agencies Continue reading...

Statement of the Problem

The problem of petroleum depletion has since posed problems to the global demand for energy, thus driving related costs to rise to unbearable proportions and economic crashes affecting all other sectors. Efforts to counter the foregoing have since resulted to the emergence of viable energy options using alternative resources to supplement what would otherwise require petroleum to operate. Natural gas obtained through hydraulic fracturing, also known as fracking, has become a much-sought alternative to petroleum currently supplied in known oil-rich areas such as the Middle East and Russia. In the United States (US), specifically in California (Siegel), fracking has Continue reading...

Informational Interview with an Oil and Gas Consultant

Introduction
Today, the global oil and gas industry offers exciting opportunities to young college graduates, post graduates, and experienced professionals. It is one of the most lucrative industries, which is full of challenges and exciting new opportunities. This paper deals with the reflections and advice that I received after interviewing Mr. Agnihotri, who is an oil and gas consultant of international repute. He provided me with valuable information and insights on the dynamics of oil and gas industry, and what it can offer to the next generation.

Background of the Interviewee

He has authored of a book titled ‘oil- past, present, future- An Continue reading...