Essays on Oxide

Introduction

The issue of global warming has recently become more contentious. Ideally, a great debate exists among numerous individuals on whether it is real. According to MacMillan (Par. 1), the average global temperature over the past fifty years has risen at the most rapid rate in recorded history. In essence, the climate scientists connect the warming of the oceans and atmosphere, a strong decrease in the sea ice, and ocean level rise, among other climate-associated changes to the rise in the global temperature. The greenhouse gasses including carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, and nitrous oxide contribute to global warming by ...

Abstract

The study of tiny particles and their applications have emerged as an important area of research in recent years. In particular, magnetic nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention due to their unique properties that make the particles useful in numerous applications. Accordingly, the present review investigates the synthesis, characterization, and biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles. The introduction section examines recent advances in nanotechnology and explains the significance of magnetic nanoparticles in scientific research. The section on results and discussion presents the findings of various researchers with a focus on the magnetic properties, synthesis, characterization, and biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles. ...

Many disasters have occurred in many parts of the world due to both deliberate or unintended human error and actions. Below are some of the most shocking incidents that led to mortalities.

London’s Killer Fog

The London Killer Fog of 1952 has always been judged to be based on the natural adverse weather conditions. Being that this incident happened during the winter period, many people re said to have thought that it was a weather-related incident. It was marred by cold weather and as usual; many people always resort to making ire to warn themselves. This incident has been chosen as one ...

Question #1

Hazards posed when one interacts with hazardous materials available at the refinery and related facilities, including the by-products, incident fire and release of acidic gas. Crude oil consists of petroleum hydrocarbons. When the products are discharged into the environment through leakage, spillage, or combustion; physical, chemical as well as biological activities occur. The aliphatic compounds in crude oil react with oxidizing compounds like nitric acid, oxygen or heat; they burn to generate carbon II Oxide and water. Sulfur in crude oil burns in air to produce sulfur dioxide. At about 400 – 500 ppm, exposure to sulfur oxide is considered ...

Introduction

The cost of manufacturing ammonia using the Haber process plant constitutes the following components: the cost of energy, raw materials, equipment, labor and sparking substances (catalysts). Energy (gas or electricity) costs are incurred to maintain the temperature of the reaction. The Harber process is operated at very high temperatures, and pressures thus higher costs of energy are incurred. Some of the raw materials consumed in the Haber process such as nitrogen and hydrogen are recovered at the end of the process. The recovered materials are recycled back to the system to reduce the cost of raw materials. Starting and ...

Abstract

The field of Nanoscience has evolved due to the other advancements in the other fields of study such as the Nanotechnology. While the latter is a subset of the former, there is credible evidence that points to the fact that Nanotechnology has been developed thanks to various areas such as biology, material science, engineering physics, chemistry and much more. It is the foundation on which the Magnetic Nanoparticles have been embedded. MNP is nanoparticle that has the magnetic manipulation ability. Thus, this paper focuses on the study of the Magnetic Nanoparticles especially how they are formed or synthesized and ...

Abstract

Application of the nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF) processes is applied in the handling of water that is produced raw. The application has been investigated in the current day through various studies (Wang 14). The experiment of the processes of both nanofiltration and ultrafiltration is conducted in the laboratory unit which is operated in a pattern of cross flow (Ashaghi, Ebrahimi, & Czermak, 46). The study that was conducted in Oilfield of North Sea using the process of membranes of ultrafiltration (UF) and microfiltration (MF) indicated that the content of hydrocarbon decreased from 50 mg/l to 2 mg/l which recorded ...

Overview

Polyvinylidene fluoride is one of the polymers that are used as membrane material. This is because of its outstanding properties. Besides its comparatively high amount of fluorine, the polymer also has a high level of crystallinity. The result of these properties are exhibited in the performance of the Polyvinylidene fluoride polymer. For instance, the chemical stability of Polyvinylidene fluoride in chlorinated solvents and environments that are highly caustic and acidic is very high. Another property of the polymer is its hydrophobicity. This means that it is not compatible with water. This would create challenges if the polymer were to ...

Abstract:

This paper charts the student’s reaction to three videos about the use of glass in CSI forensic investigations, all narrated by Dr. Richard Saferstein, a former chief forensic scientist for the New Jersey State Police Laboratory. In these videos, Dr. Saferstein offers short explanations of the types of glass used in CSI, how they are analyzed, and the way in which this evidence is used in criminal investigations. Keywords: CSI, forensic analysis, glass, soda-lime glass, refraction index, density, perpetrator, tempered, laminate 1. What are the different kinds of glass studied in CSI? According to the video, there are ...

Strategic Analysis Alacer Gold Corp and Gold and Mining Industry

Introduction Gold is a precious metal with high ductility and malleability, and it finds application as jewelry and investment. It is considered to be one of the safest bet for investment, especially during economic instabilities. Consequently, rapid political instabilities in the Middle East and financial crisis led to rapid increase in the price of gold worldwide. Technological innovation is also a major factor that affects the gold and mining industry. Therefore, the strategic analysis narrows on the gold industry, with a specific focus on Alacer Gold Corporation. It looks at the trends in the industry and how Alacer Gold ...

Diets with the least environmental impact - Carbon is the main component of the building blocks of living organisms which are carbohydrates, proteins, and vitamins. The composition of carbon in the three biomolecules is relatively comparable, but carbohydrates have a higher composition of oxygen occupying about 50% of the carbohydrate molecule while proteins have higher concentrations of nitrogen due to the amino acid building blocks. The animal kingdom has the highest concentration of proteins as their building blocks while the plant kingdom is basically made up of carbohydrates. There are three main diets in the world with many other ...

VOLKSWAGEN CASE STUDY

Executive summary: Volkswagen is the leading manufacturer of car products. This company holds Volkswagen group and produced a variety of models. Recently, Volkswagen has been involved in the emission scandals of their equipped vehicles. The company vehicles are equipped with software that was cheating on emission tests. Hence, Volkswagen is the top selling brand of Volkswagen group. Since 1975 the company has been treated as world largest automaker in the world. Volkswagen has the most cars of the automobile manufacturer which has multiple revisions of model names. In this, the crisis management of the Volkswagen emission scandal has been ...

The blood requires a balance between alkaline as well as acid components to function appropriately. Such a balance is referred as acid-base balance. The lungs, as well as kidneys, function to maintain such balance. Whatever variation causes acid-base imbalance. High levels of acid are referred as acidosis, and high alkaline is referred as alkalosis. Metabolic acidosis, as well as alkalosis, results from kidneys problem. Respiratory alkalosis and acidosis occur because of lungs' problem (Schrier 162). The levels or concentrations of acid or alkaline are determined on a scale of pH. Acidity makes pH levels fall, and alkaline condition makes ...

Abstract

The literature defines hypertension as a medical condition experienced when the systolic blood pressure (BP) is equal or greater than 140 mm Hg or when the diastolic blood pressure is equal or greater than 90 mm Hg. Additionally, it offers a description of systematic, cellular, as well as molecular causes of hypertension. High blood pressure within the arteries is referred to as systemic hypertension (SH). The primary role of the systemic arteries is the transportation of oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues of the body. The constriction of the arterioles (small arteries) is responsible for the high ...

Introduction

In the adsorption-membrane hybrid system for ethanol steam reforming: Thermodynamics analysis by Dang, Amornchai, Yaneeporn, and Suttichai, (2011, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy), the authors seek to explain how an adsorption-membrane hybrid system, which uses a carbon (IV) oxide as an adsorbent can be used to eliminate unwanted carbon (IV) oxide in the hydrogen separation process. The authors aimed at improving the ethanol steam reforming performance through comparison of thermodynamic analysis that comprised of adsorptive, as well as membrane reactor. Then the authors were able to find that membrane separation process for the hydrogen removal had a higher impact ...

There are both molecular and physiological events that support the statement that the concentration level of FENO is a measure of the degree of asthma in an individual. In the molecular sense, the measure of FENO level in exhaled air is a measure of the intensity of Asthma, and depending on the molecular cut points stated it could be concluded that certain Asthma is reasonable or outrageous. According to Ricciardolo, et al., (2010), there is an evidential fact relating the concentration of FENO to the asthma level in children. Thus, the use of the specific measure of the molecular ...

Summary

This seminar covers a broader spectrum of utility breath analysis by shortlisting and discussing interventions that can be used to assess and determine the existence of various diseases. The speaker’s point is mainly anchored on the manifestation of Nitric Oxide in the breadth, and how it invokes different medical implications in the breath. In a nutshell, this speech conclusively discusses how breath examination and analysis leads to the determination or realization of diseases such as Asthma, Pulmonary Hypertension, Heart Disease, Lung Cancer, and other diseases. The concept of breath analysis serves in the interest of medical diagnosis to ...

Question 1

It is evident that particulate matter is becoming increasingly concentrated in Asia as reported by WHO. Power plants, dust storms, fossil fuels burning in vehicles as well as various industrial facilities result in highly significant amounts of particulates in the Asian continent. People in countries such as Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, and Nepal are prone to and in most cases suffer from aggravating respiratory and heart diseases such as emphysema, bronchitis, and asthma. Bronchitis, characterized by coughing up of dry mucus which is sometimes colored, is an inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes that carry air to the ...

Fuel Cell Technologies in Passenger Cars

Fuel Cell Technology The last decade is characterized by the rapid development of research activity in the field of fuel cells, thus, creating the conditions for their uptake in electric systems. The basic fuel cells’ operating principle has been known for 150 years. However, a variety of technical and financial problems had kept them on the margins of technological applications (Brandon & Hart, 1999). The basic difference between a fuel cell and batteries is that while batteries store energy, fuel cells directly convert a fuel’s chemical energy into electricity by an electrochemical reaction (i.e. Without requiring combustion or movement ...

Human life and survival are connected with the environment. With the changes in the environment, human surroundings appear to undergo an adjustment or modification to continue the life. More probably, some climatic changes tend to interfere with the human life from several corners. These could be lethal or life threatening. For example, climate change might modify the occasional examples and plenitude of irritations and illnesses; in turn, this may influence the use of pesticides, herbicides and fungicides. Reactions will vary in the middle of harvests and between geological areas. There are studies that use of these pesticides within the ...

Definition of Coatings

Coating is the process whereby one material is used to continuously cover another surface. According to Dewo et al. (2015), coating is a surface modification approach that involves the addition of a new material onto the surface of a substance or element that is at risk of corrosion.

Formula: Rusting of Iron.

iron + oxygen + water ==> hydrated iron(III) oxide (RUST) 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) + xH2O(l) ==> 2Fe2O3.xH2O(s)

Different Types of Coatings

The process of coating utilizes multiple films of coatings as primers and top layers. The purpose of each layer is particular; however, the layers often interact with one another (Özçam et ...

Business Final Essay

Abstract Global warming is a serious issue that is facing the world today. Despite the tireless efforts put across by various nations to reduce the effect, it remains an issue to be addressed urgently. Many scholars have conducted research with an aim of determining the causes of global warming and have concluded that it is subject to environmental pollution by human beings. Human beings actions such as cutting down trees, burning forests, industries gas emissions, and emissions from vehicle exhaust fumes to the environment are some of the main human actions that accelerate the issue of global warming. This ...

Background

Wound healing is one of the most important processes in maintaining the health of a person. Multiple factors affect wound healing in humans regardless of age. A partial list includes diabetes, hereditary healing disorders, obesity, drugs, alcoholism, smoking and compromised immune condition. Infection, stress, nutrition, and radiation therapy can also contribute to delayed or incomplete wound healing (Guo & DiPietro, 2010). In the start of a wound, an inflammatory response is initiated. Blood vessels expand, helping white blood cells and nutrients to reach the wound. Wound healing is achieved through the processes of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Proper sequence ...

Introduction

Advances in research have brought a substantial progress in the field of nutritional therapy provisions. The current advancement has seen researchers combine Arginine and Proline dietary that have been fed to diabetic rats to accelerate wound healing in these mammals. A combination of the two nutrients has several important functions, which include; enhancement in wound healing and angiogenesis as well as improved repair of damaged tissues, help keep both cartilage and collagen production at optimal levels. It is also important in protein synthesis by working as a primary substrate, triggers cell proliferation when it breaks down to Polyamines and ...

Material Extraction of Dry Battery AA:

A typical alkaline dry AA cell comprises a cylindrical external case, cathode, anode, and electrolyte and separators. The external casing is made from nickel-plated steel and is lined with a separator to divide the anode and cathode. The separator is made of either a porous synthetic material or layered paper. On one end, the battery canister is sealed with an epoxy or asphalt sealant underlying a steel plate and at the other end with a brass rod driven through the cylinder. The rod is welded to a metallic end cap and passed via an outer plastic seal. Inside the ...

Introduction

Stainless steel is an important component in the modern industry having various uses in the industry. This has forced new developments in its manufacturing especially in terms of its composition. This can be the steel made from aluminum, manganese, and iron. All these materials makes the finished stainless steel product unique in terms of its composition, physical metallurgy, and other factors. This paper is going to discuss the development in stainless steel technology with regards to its composition in terms of the materials used. The materials that are going to be discusses are Al, Mn, and Fe. The paper ...

Mechanical ventilation (MV) causes oxidative stress that is responsible for adverse consequences on organs. In a situation of MV, the excessive pressure impairs the function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain leading to oxidative and nitrosative stress (Kavazis, 2009; Hafner et al., 2014). MV is commonly associated with hyperoxia where an excess of oxygen is provided. In such a case an oxidative stress can be induced when the oxygen pressure in the alveolar exceeds that of the normal breathing conditions because the biological system is not able to readily detoxify the environment from components such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) ( ...

The ozone is a layer of gasses in the stratosphere that protects life on Earth against ultraviolet rays from the sun (Aggarwal et al., 1). Anthropogenic activities leading to the emission of nitrous oxide and chlorofluorocarbons can result in the destruction of the ozone layer. Organohalogens also contributes to the destruction of the ozone layer (Lee, 858). The depletion leads to secondary ozone layer close to the ground called terrestrial ozone layer that is responsible for the degrading effects on humans, plants, and their environment. In the article published on August 27, 2009, on the New York Times, Dean ( ...

Abstract

This paper discusses how exercise stimulates the release of growth hormone. Older people tend to have lower levels of the hormone. As a result, mechanisms have been formulated to help deal with the deficiency which includes inducing the growth hormone into the individual’s body. This, therefore, leads to the discussion of the exact mechanism through which the growth hormone facilitates exercise, maintains growth and repair of worn out muscles or even reverses the aging process among the aged. Also, the functions of IGF-I binding proteins during exercise and its importance in aiding the release of the GH is ...

Financial

The population in corona in California as per 2013 was 159 503 with 100% living in urban. The males population was 80,961 (50.8%) and the females population was 78 542 (49.2%). The median resident age is 33.6 years in comparison to 35.7 years of California median age. The estimated median household income as per 2013 is $66, 094 as compared with $60,190 in California (City-data, 2016). The estimated per capital income was $25, 372 in 2013. The median gross rent is $1, 330.

Social challenges

In Corona there are high crimes rates which have continue to be a challenge ...

Uranium (U) element was discovered by a German chemist, Heinrich Klaproth, in 1789. Uranium is a radioactive element with an atomic weight of 238.02891 and an atomic number of 92. The uranium element initially discovered by Heinrich was an oxide, uranium oxide. A French chemist, Eugène-Melchoir Péligot, was the first person to produce pure uranium by reacting it with potassium in a heated platinum crucible. The element’s radioactive properties were established in 1896 by a French physicist known as Antoine Henri Becquerel. Currently, uranium can be extracted from various ores such as carnotite (K2(UO2)2VO4· ...

Increasing concentrations of nitrogen in the environment, a phenomenon called as nitrogen saturation occurs when the inorganic nitrogen levels exceeds the demand by organisms and plants. Increased concentrations of nitrogen have detrimental impact on the air quality, owing to the oxidizing capacity of nitrogen oxides and their function in the formation of ozone layer . Excessive nitrogen deposition causes an increase in foliar nitrogen content, which subsequently leads to increase in tree growth . Other negative effects on the ecosystem are frost-hardiness in conifer trees in the presence of large doses of nitrogen. Excessive nitrogen concentrations may also lead to tree ...

Executive Summary

Corporate social responsibility is an issue that needs to be upheld by all firms in the market. This ranges from the large to small firms. The essay will therefore look into the corporate responsibility in connection to Volkswagen. The company has been facing issues due to the diesel emission of their vehicles that later translated to a scandal. The company depicted inability to provide the right information regarding its emissions. The essay will also give some of the recommendations that the company undertook and the implications on the various stakeholders and the mission as well as the corporate responsibility ...

Chapter #16:

Question 1. Insect-eating birds will decrease in number since their source of food has been reduced. The birds may also migrate to warmer areas during this period.

Question 2.

The habitat is the specific place where the organism lives e.g. a fish’s habitat is water. On the other hand, niche is the position and the role played by the organism in an ecosystem. It includes how the organism obtain food and shelter, the mode of survival, and the mode of reproduction (Sutton & Anderson, 2009, p. 46). For instance, a lion’s niche in the ecosystem is that of a predator.Question ...

Calpine cooperation was founded in 1984 and currently the cooperation is the largest in America. The corporation generates electricity and thermal energy from natural gas and geothermal resources. With a fleet of around 84 power plants, the company generates around 270000 megawatts of electricity and through wholesale operations and retail business; the center serves in over 21 states and Canada. The corporation has taken a lead to ensure a cleaner energy for future use is in place. The focus of the center is to provide its esteemed customers with clean, efficient and reliable electricity and thermal energy. With this ...

Biotechnology has emerged as a major field few decades back but the art of science behind biotechnology primarily emerged with the discovery of natural process of fermentation by microorganisms. The microscopic world of microbes is diverse and huge as they are of multiple types classified into genus and species based on their morphological, biochemical and genetic abilities. They are helpful as well as harmful to the extremes for humans in many ways. Despite continuous efforts by biologists, their identity has been ambiguous and still a lot is waiting to be explored. Only 0.5% of the microbial world is known ...

The objective of this experiment was to prepare Beer-Lambert calibration curves for different forms of nitrogen and to determine the concentration of nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia ions in different water samples from the Biscayne Bay.

Introduction

Nitrogen is the most abundant element in the Earth atmosphere. In is not surprising that it is one of the most crucial elements not only to human life but all life on our planet. The chemistry of nitrogen is rather diverse because it can exist in different oxidation levels – from +3 to -5. Due to its large impact on the biosphere, the circulation of ...

Volkswagen Scandal

Dear XYZ, In response to the work assigned for preparing a report on Volkswagen emission controversy, please find enclosed the detailed internal report containing my findings and recommendations pertaining to the issue. As I found, the company is going through the tough time when it is facing actions from the regulators and other agencies for violating the emission norms of the different countries. Also, there is a big blow to credibility in the eyes of customers. Concerted efforts of all the stakeholders are required to tide over the crisis. Based on the sources I referred to, the report goes ...

Writing Hypothesis

Question 1: (a). H0: Supplementation of arginine reduce the volume of nitric oxide, a major sign of inflammatory reactions in asthma patients. H1: Supplementation of arginine does not reduce the volume of nitric oxide, a major sign of inflammatory reactions in asthma patients. (b) Sample: Diagnosed asthma patients of age between 19 years and 50 years (c) Data needed: Data on quantity grams of arginine supplementations (AS) and data on volume of nitric oxide (NO), as a sign of inflammatory reactions. Data on confounding variables such as grams of alcohol, and grams of chemical irritants such as phenol. (d) ...

Climate Change

Earth is the only planet in the universe that supports life, and this uniqueness is attributable to its optimal temperature and climatic conditions. Earth’s temperature is affected by variations in solar energy that reach earth, changes is earth surface as well as atmospheric reflectivity, as well as changes in concentration of greenhouse gases (EPA, 2016). Earth’s distance, rotation in its axis and revolution around sun in its orbit primarily determine change of seasons in earth, as well as its climatic patterns. Variations in light reflectivity or albedo of various surface features on earth also contribute to climate ...

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to know the properties of oxygen and to prepare different oxides, acids and bases. Experiments Carbon is reacted with oxygen in order to form carbon dioxide. Sulphur is reacted with oxygen in order to form sulphur dioxide and calcium is reacted with oxygen in order to form calcium oxide. As calcium is metal, the formed metal i.e. the calcium oxide is a metallic oxide. On the other hand, as carbon and sulphur are non – metallic, therefore, the formed oxides i.e. carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide are also non – metallic oxides. If non – metallic ...

Introduction

The total number of patients with cancer keeps soaring globally with around 14 million cases diagnosed by 2014. Each year, about 8 million people die of cancer-related illnesses globally. There are quite some remedies that have been proposed to mitigate in the cancer menace. This study is focused on cancer treatment by curcumin through tyrosine kinase inhibition. Curcumin is the primary coloring agent found in turmeric, a tuber of the herb Curcuma longa Lin. It has widespread use as a flavoring agent (Aggarwal and Bokyung 87). It is also well known for its medicinal value commonly used to suppress ...

Introduction:

Corrosion refers to the partial and gradual dissolution of materials used in water treatment and supply systems, pumps, pipes, tanks and valves. In most circumstances, almost all water is corrosive and this may lead to structural failure, water leaks, capacity losses and deterioration of the microbial and chemical water quality (WHO 2011). The pipes used in water distribution are made of different materials such as plastic, metals (galvanized steel, copper, lead and iron), and even concrete. Pipes made from concrete and plastic tend to be corrosion resistant. In piping systems, however, there are several water quality factors working singly ...

Chapter 9

Question 1

Binary mission in prokaryotes Mitosis and Meiosis in eukaryotes Question 2 The development of embryos as well as the growth and development of bodies. Important in asexual reproduction. Question 3 The term cell cycle refers to an ordered set of events leading to cell growth and division into two daughter cells.

Question 4

Interphase is a phase of the cell cycle characterized by the absence of cell division. During this phase, the cell obtain nutrients, the organelles duplicates, protein synthesis takes place, and cells duplicate its genetic material (its chromatids). The genetic material is located in the nuclei of ...

Every commercial aircraft is fundamentally designed for safety, passenger acceptance, fuel efficiency and airport compatibility among other important features. Numerous challenges face all current passenger aircrafts, for instance the conventional wing consists of a number of moving parts which increase the weight of the plane and are difficult to adjust and maintain. The current control surfaces also increase turbulence and drag since the smooth flow of air is disrupted, and the aircraft cannot adapt to different flight stages and conditions. Design architectures such as the vertical and horizontal stabilizer surfaces increase the overall drag of the plane, for example, the ...

Introduction

Quality of air is a determinant in the quality of life, indoor air is important as people spend on average 80-90% of their lives in door (WHO, 2007). Indoor air quality began a long time but only been a health concern decades ago when awareness of contaminants presented in the air. The problem begins when the construction of building are highly insulated to conserve energy, which caused a trap to air intoxicants inside the building (E. Willard, 2005). This causes the exchange of outdoor to indoor to lessen and therefore the indoor air pollution builds up.

Indoor air quality is a complex issue as ...