Essays on Supplementation

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Differences between a causal and a correlation Causation refers to the cause of something to happen. A causal claim shows that the two events are related to each other in such a way that one event is the effect of the other. Suppose there are two events; b and c, then a causal claim can take the form of “b causes c” in which b refers to the cause and c refers to the effect. On the other hand, correlation shows that the two variables (events) are related to each other in such a way that ...

Introduction

Nutritional needs changes throughout a person’s life that if not properly assessed may lead to malnutrition. Malnutrition is the state of the body lacking important nutrients or having excess or imbalance of energy. According to studies, 16% of people over 65 years and 2% of people over 85 years are malnourished. Studies also show that approximately two-thirds of people occupying hospital beds are above the age of 65 years (Ahmed & Haboubi, 2010). Malnutrition is associated with a number of health outcomes such as poor wound healing, slow recovery from surgery, higher hospital readmissions, and deaths. Malnutrition is high ...

Information can be represented through various ways; scientists have undertaken research studies and experiments and published their findings in different scientific journals or databases. Similarly, individuals with little or no scientific knowledge have developed an interest in research. They have increasingly adapted and interpreted scientific research articles so as to meet the demands of the layman. In this paper, a comparative analysis of a scientific research article and its adaptation is presented so as to determine the difference in the ways in which information is presented in each. The scientific article Cashew apple juice supplementation enhanced fat utilization during ...

Stone Formation in the Kidney/ Role of Citrate in the Kidneys

Kidney stones are calcified or solidified molecules taking place in the upper urinary tract and the kidney. Kidney stones are usually composed of calcium as oxalate, phosphate, or carbonate. Stone formation in the kidney happens when the amount of mineral salts in the urine becomes saturated, during which the mineral will automatically crystallize (Rao et al., 2011). Stone formation is further facilitated by increasing amount of calcium in urine and dehydration. High levels of calcium in urine can indicate kidney disorder, prolonged incapacitation, hyperthyroidism or overactive thyroid, excessive intake of milk or aluminum and vitamin D. Stone formation in ...

Iron Supplementation

Currently, documented evidence indicates that iron deficiency is a risk factor for anemia during pregnancy and can lead to either preterm delivery, low birth weight or an inferior neonatal health outcome (1, 2). Intake of Iron supplements during pregnancy is hitherto, a challenge to most women in developing counties (3, 4). The long term goals of this research are to improve the nutritional status of children and mothers. The recommendations of the project also aim to decrease child mortality and morbidity while ensuring countries raise healthy women. It aims so improve the quality and quantity of food taken at ...

Background

Wound healing is one of the most important processes in maintaining the health of a person. Multiple factors affect wound healing in humans regardless of age. A partial list includes diabetes, hereditary healing disorders, obesity, drugs, alcoholism, smoking and compromised immune condition. Infection, stress, nutrition, and radiation therapy can also contribute to delayed or incomplete wound healing (Guo & DiPietro, 2010). In the start of a wound, an inflammatory response is initiated. Blood vessels expand, helping white blood cells and nutrients to reach the wound. Wound healing is achieved through the processes of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Proper sequence ...

Iron supplementation on the hemoglobin levels of pregant women in Kenya

Over the years, prenatal iron supplementation has been the customary recommendation in addressing maternal anemia especially in developing countries for over thirty years (1). Currently, documented evidence indicates that iron deficiency is a risk factor for anemia during pregnancy and can lead to either preterm delivery, low birth weight or an inferior neonatal health outcome (2, 3). According to Pena-Rosas (4), raising iron levels by supplementation results in an increased level of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin level in this regard is dependent on the dosage of iron taken. However, it is still unclear the ideal level in which iron supplements can ...

Introduction

Advances in research have brought a substantial progress in the field of nutritional therapy provisions. The current advancement has seen researchers combine Arginine and Proline dietary that have been fed to diabetic rats to accelerate wound healing in these mammals. A combination of the two nutrients has several important functions, which include; enhancement in wound healing and angiogenesis as well as improved repair of damaged tissues, help keep both cartilage and collagen production at optimal levels. It is also important in protein synthesis by working as a primary substrate, triggers cell proliferation when it breaks down to Polyamines and ...

This Questionnaire will be used to gather data on the effects of iron supplementation on pregnant mothers in a developing country. In order to achieve this goal, the questionnaire will be divided into three segments namely socioeconomic status, to establish the social and economic level of the mothers. Secondly, the use of healthcare services will be established and finally, knowledge and practice concerning the supplements. The inclusion criteria involves Women aged above 16 years conformed to be pregnant and at <16 wk gestation. The women will have to be registered at the local community health facility. Women with ...

IRON SUPPLEMENTATION DURING PREGNANCY

Iron Supplementation during Pregnancy Iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy is a risk factor for adverse maternal and perinatal care. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 56 million pregnant women globally get affected with anemia, which is associated with iron deficiency. The large group of pregnant women affected with iron deficiency are mostly the poor and most vulnerable, especially those living in developing countries like South-east Asia. They have insufficient iron to meet the increased iron needs both for them and the foetus. According to Staff (2013), approximately 29% of the pregnant women experience iron depletion. Iron is vital ...

Introduction

In this paper, the article titled “Effect of 2-yn− 3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementations on cognitive function in older people: a randomized, double-blind, controlled” by Dangour et al., 2010 will be critically appraised. The article describes a study that sought to establish whether 2-yn− 3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation has an effect on cognitive function in older people. In the study, a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial was used. Reduced cognitive function and dementia in older people continues to increase and pose a significant challenge to the elderly. Several studies have reported an association between the intakes of ...

ABSTRACT

Abstract Practically, chocolate has been something that athletes are advised to avoid at all costs. However, different research has shown that the consumption of 40g of dark chocolate on a daily basis would culminate to a massive improvement in (GET) i.e. gas exchange threshold which a measure used in cardiorespiratory fitness, the performance of a time trial and also the endurance capacity of one. This is in comparison to the results associated with the white chocolate, as well as, baseline values. In other words, the supplementation in dark chocolate can immensely reduce the cost of oxygen in an intensified ...

Introduction

Prenatal iron supplementation has been the customary recommendation in addressing maternal anemia especially in developing countries for over thirty years (West, et al., 2014). There is paucity of information regarding the correspondence between hemoglobin levels in pregnant women and iron supplementation. The limited information in this pertinent public health issue is more pronounced in developing countries as West, et al., (2014) opines. The main purpose of this research is thus to establish the efficacy of prenatal iron supplements on the hemoglobin levels of pregnant women in developing countries.

Research design

In order to achieve the study’s objective, the methodology will ...

Individuals with advanced age are prone to acquire a spectrum of illnesses due to a decline in their body functions. This group requires a thorough care management from the health care system to overcome further consequences. In such context, the present description deals with a topic entitled ‘Nutrition and Hydration in Older Adults’

Significance to nursing students:

This topic is important to nursing because nurse serve as the ideal candidates who could provide the care and warmth needed for the patients of this particular old age. In the nurse profession, geriatric nurses are special category of nurses who assist the older patients. The ...

Magnesium is an essential nutrient

Magnesium is a mineral which is of great abundance in the human body. Along with enzymes, it is important for protein synthesis, muscle regulation and a host of other important cellular factors such as oxidative phosporylation, energy production which involves production and utilization of ATP and glycolysis. Additionally, Magnesium is required to assist in different cellular processes such as DNA replication and transcription and RNA translation(Barbagallo, 2012). Magnesium is found usually in the bones and or in the soft tissues of humans. Next to Potassium, it is the most abundant ion in the body. The plasma actually contains ...

Writing Hypothesis

Question 1: (a). H0: Supplementation of arginine reduce the volume of nitric oxide, a major sign of inflammatory reactions in asthma patients. H1: Supplementation of arginine does not reduce the volume of nitric oxide, a major sign of inflammatory reactions in asthma patients. (b) Sample: Diagnosed asthma patients of age between 19 years and 50 years (c) Data needed: Data on quantity grams of arginine supplementations (AS) and data on volume of nitric oxide (NO), as a sign of inflammatory reactions. Data on confounding variables such as grams of alcohol, and grams of chemical irritants such as phenol. (d) ...

Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy: Effects, treatment and the outcomes

The aim of this study is to evaluate vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and its impact on pregnancy course, the best way of management, and the outcome of this management Bone metabolism in humans is associated with a complex steroid hormone system which comprises of vitamin D (Harvey, et al. 2014). Many reports have suggested the potential benefits of vitamin D across therapeutic areas including vascular health, placental function, metabolism, and immune function (McAree, et al. 2013). Data based on biological and clinical findings suggest the key role of vitamin D in women reproductive health. However, there is ...

Abstract

In the following case-study, Joshua is a newborn infant presented by his parents Samuel and Rachel to the pediatric outpatient unit of Robertsbridge, Sussex for screening and medical advice for sporadic vomiting at the time of breast feeding and seizure-like episodes. Samuel and Racheal also report sweet odor in the urine and loss of weight. Blood tests demonstrated increased concentrations of leucine and isoleucine. Genetic testing on the skin biopsies reveal mutation at Exon 6, c.659C>T of the of BCKDHA gene with a protein level p. A220V and Joshua exhibits about 1.5 % lesser than normal deficiency in the ...

Creatine is an amino acid. It is naturally occurring i.e. it is made in the body in the kidney, liver and pancreas. Creatine is obtained from foods such as meat and fish. In the body, creatine is converted to creatine phosphate and taken to reserves in the muscle. In the case of extreme intensity, short intervals of exercising such as weight lifting and sprinting it is used as an energy source. The storage form phosphocreatine is converted to the body's energy currency, ATP and used. The fact that it has this use has meant that athletes and body builders ...

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder that is related with difficulties in behaviour and academic life (Sherman). There are various treatment options that are available to the children with ADHD, for example, medication and behavioural therapy, nutritional supplements etc. However, there are many other factors that can have significant psychological effects for a child with ADHD. In this report, we are going to discuss the reasons for over diagnosis and over medicating of ADHD, the alternative treatment methods for ADHD and how educators and families can help with psychological effects of ADHD.

Reasons for over diagnosis and over medicating of ADHD

When patients are diagnosed with ...

Pain: State in which the individual experiences and communicates the presence of severe discomfort or an uncomfortable feeling.

Related factors: Pain resulting from musculoskeletal disorder; in this case, osteoarthritis; immobility

Features: Verbal communication of pain descriptors, level 8-9 pain reported by patient

Evidence: Mrs. Hardy experiences great knee pain when climbing stairs, a symptom associated with her osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis cannot be cured, but pain can be controlled.

The primary client-centred goal for Mrs. Hardy is pain management (Bijlsma, Berenbaum and Lafeber, 2011). Expected measurable outcome is that Mrs. Hardy will experience relief of pain as evidenced by Mrs. Hardy’s ...

People used to think that if they ate a certain animal, they would acquire some of the characteristics of the eaten animal. People now think that if they ingest certain chemicals that enhance the performance of a laboratory rat, they too would develop greater power. Athletes, and others, are in constant search for the latest supplement— hopefully legal— that might enhance their performance and make them better athletes. But, for most supplements, the evidence is weak, or completely lacking. Nonetheless, there are a few dietary supplements, including caffeine and creatine, that have been shown to help. A novel type of ...