Essays on Magnesium

Human nutrition is associated with good health and well-being. Humans derive nutrients from food products such as fruits, vegetables, milk, and animal-based products. Nutrients should be taken in adequate quantities for proper functioning of the body. Diet provides vitamins, minerals, and all other vital components required for healthy living. Diet is one part of a healthy body while physical activity enhances growth, development, and stability to the body. People who have low nutrient intake are vulnerable to diseases and illnesses. Poor nutrition has also been associated with impaired physical and mental development (Kau, et al. 2011). Nutrition is the ...

Application– Chronic Kidney Disease

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Chronic Kidney Disease Chronic kidney disease is related to a decrease in kidney function or damage to the kidney function for a minimum of 3 months. Actually, it is an ongoing process in which nephrons’ functioning decrease, glomeruli are destroyed, and glomerular stress is increased as a result of more work by surviving glomeruli to increase glomerular filtration rate (GFR); thereby, resulting in predictable steady decline of the function of kidneys (Buttaro, 2013). Chronic kidney disease is usually difficult to detect or grasp, and symptoms may not appear with a GFR more than 35%. However, when ...

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)

CVD includes all ailments of the heart and circulatory system, including angina and heart attack. Other CVD diseases include carditis, cardiomyopathy, and congenital heart disorder. Edmunds (2014), states that CVD develops when there is plaque build-up on vessel walls. The mechanism of CVD differs significantly depending on the disease involved. For instance, coronary artery ailment includes atherosclerosis, and may occur due to hypertension, smoking, overweight, high-fat diet or diabetes. Despite the high deaths caused by CVD, it is approximated that 90 percent of CVDs are preventable (McGill, McMahan, and Gidding, 2008). Atherosclerosis can be decreased by controlling the risk ...

Introduction

Nutritional therapy is gaining popularity in the treatment and management of diseases. This paper will seek to address two disease conditions that have employed the use of nutritional therapy in their treatment and management regimens. The diseases which will be discussed include peptic ulcers and type 2 diabetes.

Condition 1- Peptic ulcers

Condition Description/ diagnostic criteria A peptic ulcer is a disease that is noted to affect the stomach as well as the duodenum region (the proximal bit). The diagnosis of the disease is based on the presence of clinical features as well as the use of specific laboratory tests. Diagnosis is not ...

Explain Hardness of Water

Explain Hardness of Water The water that occurs in nature always contains salts, which exist in water as positive and negative ions. The salinity of fresh water is 1000 mg/L (1L of water contains 1000 mg of various salts or ions). The typical cations present in natural water are sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium; the most common anions are chloride, sulfate, bicarbonate, nitrates, etc. Hardness of water refers to presence of calcium and magnesium ions. When water is heated, the reaction (Tebbutt, 1999):

takes place. Calcium carbonate, unlikely other salts, is insoluble and forms precipitate. The precipitate is ...

Mucor

Mucor is a type of fungal infection that caused by mold which is commonly found in plants, decaying fruits and vegetables, soil, manure and toxin of stored food. Mucor mainly effects the immunity compromised individuals and effects sinuses and lungs as it is usually inhaled during the breathing process. Fungus incorporates about 50 species some of them are prone to high temperatures and hence, they can cause infections mainly known as zygomycosis or mucormycosis. According to CDC (2015), mucormycosis effects the immunity comprised people at a higher pace and due to its contact with human body via inhalation, cut, ...

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Introduction

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a very influential technique that helps in amplifying the specific segments of DNA. This biochemical procedure is performed in-vitro that is quite different from cloning. This technique is a fusion of synthesis protocol of distinct repeated segments of DNA and thermostable DNA polymerase application that has given scientists a very potent analytical, immunological and molecular technique used prevalently in clinical laboratory science (Garibyan & Avashia, 2013). PCR is based on three primary steps that include denaturation of the template into single strands, annealing ...

What nursing interventions are appropriate for Mrs. J. at the time of her admission? Drug therapy is started for Mrs. J. to control her symptoms. What is the rationale for the administration of each of the following medications? 1.IV furosemide (Lasix) 2.Enalapril (Vasotec) 3.Metoprolol (Lopressor) 4.IV morphine sulphate (Morphine) Lasix is used to reduce fluid retention that occurs as a side effect of heart failure. It is additionally used to treat hypertension and lessen effect such as the shortness of breath, swelling of limbs and the abdomen. It is used as an IV to treat the immediate consequences of ...

Did Annie’s macronutrient intake fall within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) established by the Dietary Reference Intakes? Fill in the table below.

Carbohydrates List the 5 primary sources of carbohydrate in Annie’s diet, and indicate the primary type(s) of carbohydrate provided by that source (you can identify the primary sources of carbohydrate by clicking the “+” on the left side of the “Nutrients” report online). How did Annie’s fiber intake compare to her target of 25 grams? Give 4 examples of foods that Annie could include to increase her daily fiber intake (identify foods that ...

An Assignment Submitted by

Abstract This research paper studies the problem of choice between tap and bottled water, and the reasons why most people in the developed countries prefer bottled water over tap water. For this research paper 5 external sources of information were used. "Most Plastic Products Release Estrogenic Chemicals: A Potential Health Problem That Can Be Solved" by PubMed Central (PMC) presents the results of a study of plastic bottles in which bottled water is contained after packaging. Under certain circumstances like hot weather such plastic bottles can release dangerous chemicals into the water. “Thirst for bottled water may hurt environment” ...

Diabetes type 2 is a chronic disorder affecting metabolism. It is characterised by high level of glucose in blood, lack of insulin and resistance of the body to insulin action. This article outlines the pertinent aspects of the disease and how dietary plan affects its prevention and management. It is classified under lifestyle diseases because it is caused by changes in how people eat and level and nature of day-to-day activities occasioned by the current living standards.

Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes

Signs and symptoms of this condition develop progressively over a period. It is possible that a person would have Type 2 Diabetes ...

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Abstract

Nutrition is the intake of food which is necessary for survival. A healthy nutritional diet is essential for a healthy body and mind. A balanced diet helps in growth and development, strengthening the immune system, executing the all-important chemical and hormonal activities as well as cell reproduction. Food is further categorized into types and components that play a significant role in processing the biological mechanism at a very minute level. There is six main type of food that includes grain, milk products, Meat, fruits, vegetables, and oils. Water is the most important part of ...

Hypercalcemia refers to the condition where calcium levels are above normal in the blood. Presence of too much calcium in the blood may result to endless complications and defects to an individual’s body parts. No severe signs are experienced in the human body until the the accumulation of the calcium levels hits the abnormal levels. Patients with high levels of calcium in their blood stream will experience constant dehydration and this will lead to frequent intake of water hence constant urination (Marcocci & Cetani, 2011). This is as a result of the kidneys being involved in filtration of high ...

Introduction

For one to achieve success in any given casting practices, there must be a proper control in the variables required during the process. The variables may involve certain characteristics of the alloys, and metals used, the casting method, design of the mold, material of the die used, and the parameters used during processing. The casting quality is influenced by the cooling rate, gating systems, and the evolved gasses during the entire process. Precautions must be, therefore, taken to avoid defects during metal casting design. This paper also outlines the economic factors that are relevant and basic in casting operations.

Metal casting

...

Introduction

There are environmental chemical processes which require light to react. These processes are called photochemical reactions. Photochemical reaction is commonly initiated due to the absorption of solar energy or light. When molecules absorb energy in the form of light, the atoms are converted in a transient excited state (Larson & Weber, 1994). This transition state or excited has completely different physical and chemical properties with the initial state of the molecule. The excited states also have more tendencies to react since they are considered stronger acids and stronger reductants that the initial state of the molecule. The excited state of ...

Background Information

Compass Minerals International Company produces and sells minerals which may include salt, fertilizers and magnesium chloride. The company has its base in Kansas City and offers its products and services to customers in Canada, North America, and the UK. Also, the company also offers records management services to business in the United Kingdom. The business operates two segments namely salt and plant nutrition. The Salt segment focuses on mining and producing salt related products such as Magnesium Chloride and Sodium Chloride. On the other hand, the plant nutrition segment focuses on coming up with products such as sulfate of ...

Magnesium is an essential nutrient

Magnesium is a mineral which is of great abundance in the human body. Along with enzymes, it is important for protein synthesis, muscle regulation and a host of other important cellular factors such as oxidative phosporylation, energy production which involves production and utilization of ATP and glycolysis. Additionally, Magnesium is required to assist in different cellular processes such as DNA replication and transcription and RNA translation(Barbagallo, 2012). Magnesium is found usually in the bones and or in the soft tissues of humans. Next to Potassium, it is the most abundant ion in the body. The plasma actually contains ...

Introduction

Drugs may be categorized through the chemical form of the ingredient which is active or even through the method it is utilized to treat specific conditions. It will as a result be realized that each drug may possibly be categorized into several drug classes. By definition, antacids are actually agents which purely neutralize gastric acid as well as raising the pH of gastric. They are in most cases utilized to treat dyspepsia plus peptic ulcer symptomatic relief. Antacids are in fact a form of medication which can possibly control the levels of acid in stomach. It will be documented that they ...

5. Supplementing rice, cereal, wheat flour (bread), and noodles with folic acid has been responsible for the 25 percent drop in neural tube defects.

12. The minerals on the provided label are sodium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, copper, and manganese.

13. Highest DV is Manganese at 35%. This mineral is a type of trace mineral.

17. Magnesium affects the metabolism of potassium, calcium and vitamin D.

20. a) Iodine. The thyroid gland produces hormones important for metabolic processes. b) When a nuclear plant in Japan released radioactive forms of iodine, people took iodine pills to saturate their thyroids with the non-radioactive form to ...

Introduction

Traditional and well-known manufacturing companies often struggle to implement newer process changes and manufacturing practices in business. Economic order quantity was a popular concept in the early part of 20th century. Almost all companies then used economic order quantity purchasing policy. Most of the companies probably benefitted from implementing economic order quantity (EOQ), but some failed as it was not relevant for the product type and industry. In the later part of 20th century, many new manufacturing process techniques came into limelight. Just in Time system, Toyota Production System, Theory of Constraints, MRP and ERP systems, TPM, Lean manufacturing and ...

Background

More than six months ago, on June 27, a volcanic eruption occurred in Hawaii, its lava continuing to bubble till September. It crawled its way from the erupted volcano till the edges of the nearest village, causing people to evacuate from their homes. The leading edge of the lava flow was about 110 meters wide with an average speed of 5 meters per hour. The volcanic eruption occurred at the mountain Kilauea. Volcano experts quote Kilauea as “the most continuously active volcano on Earth; lava streaming into the ocean at a steady rate of around 5 [metres per second] for years ...

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Vitrophyre Rhyolite in Valles Caldera

Vitrophyre Rhyolite is a type of igneous rock found in the Sante Fe and Valles Caldera areas of New Mexico (see map). Rhyolites are the extrusive equivalents of the plutonic rocks and hence the Rhyolite outcrops closely resemble granite formations. They are composed of high content of Silica and low in iron and magnesium. The Rhyolite melts are intensely polymerized and their lavas are very viscous. The Rhyolites are also known to occur in volcanic plugs and ...

- If K65R and D113E are conserved mutations, what type of mutations are Q151M and Q151N. They are non-conserved is not the correct answer. K65R and D113E being conserved mutations implies that even after undergoing mutations they retain the original properties. There functionality remains almost the same. On the other hand, Q151M and Q151N, mutations will result in a change of their initial properties or additional functions may be gained in the process of mutation. - The K65A RT mutant had a reduction in RT activity. Explain the reasoning behind this phenotype In the cell, the presence of ...

Introduction

In this experiment, we are interested to determine the heat change of two different reactions using the ice calorimeter. The heat change values are applied together with the given values of the heat transformation of water (∆H(H2O)) and the application of hess law to establish the heat of formation of MgO (∆H(MgO)) A formation reaction has a defined stoichiometry which makes them ideal constructs to be investigated by the Bunsen ice calorimeter. When the heat is released by the reaction, it causes the ice to melt and the volume of the ice-water mixture to contract. From the ...

1- The chapter opens with these words: “ Neeru, shouei, maima, aqua. In any language, water is the most abundant compound on the surface of the Earth.” - Explain the term compound and also why water is not an element. Answer: Compound is a chemical entity made from combination of two or more different elements. These elements lose their individual identities when they combine to form a compound and possess unique properties subjected to that compound. Water is made from two molecules of hydrogen and one molecule of oxygen. Hydrogen and oxygen individually are elements but when combined in the ...

Introduction

Orthopedics refers to the branch of surgery devoted to the diagnosis and treatment of illness, injuries malformations and deformities of the musculoskeletal system (Goriainov et al. 2014). The system includes the muscles, ligaments, tendons, joints and bones. Orthopedic engineering leverages biomaterials in the form of implants such as sutures, joint replacements, bone plates and so forth. It also deals medical devices to replace damaged and defective parts of the body (Goriainov et al. 2014,"Material, Technology and Profit” 1988). Biomaterial is termed as "Any substance (other than drug) or combination of substances, synthetic or natural in origin, which ...

Chapter 9 and Chapter 11 Narrations

Chapter 9: Acids and Bases Acids are defined as molecules or ions that are able to donate hydrogen ions to bases. Other authors have defined them as substances that produce hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. They are therefore proton donors (Brent 10-11). Acids and bases have become important components in biological and environmental systems and industrial processes. In fact, most of items found at home contain either acidic or basic substances. Acidic substances, which include grapefruit, lemons, vinegar and lime, taste tart or sour (Lew 1). Acids can be either diluted or concentrated. Concentrated acids such ...

The talk in towns, homes, hospitals and even social media is how to live healthy and keep fit. This trend has led to people concentrating on what they eat. Many theories and myths have developed on what kind of food one should take. Superfood? This is one of the foods that people talk about, but do they really know what it is? Superfoods are a type of foods that are found naturally. These foods are very good sources of antioxidants; essential nutrients that our bodies require.A survey by whole Foods market LP (3) clearly points out the statistics of people ...

Water and Its Unique Properties

Water is has a unique physical and chemical properties which are essential to life and to the earth processes such as climate change. Water molecules generally consist of one oxygen atoms and two hydrogen atoms. However the atoms do not share equal electrons thereby making water slightly charged—exhibits polarity. Water molecules interact with other water molecule through a weak hydrogen bond. Hydrogen bonds allow water to interact also with other polar substances. Water is known as the universal solvent. Thus, it has the capacity to dissolve various polar substances like ammonia and nonpolar substances such as methane (Freudenrich, 2011). ...

Urolithiasis refers to the condition where there is the formation of urinary stones as well as their location in the urinary system. While the term urolithiasis refers to those stones that are in the ureter, nephrolithiasis also known as renal calculus refers to those stones that are found in the kidney, and cystolithiasis (vesical calculi) refers to the stones that are formed or located into the urinary bladder (Pearle, Calhoun, & Curhan, 2007). The urinary stones also known as calculi refer to the hardened mineral deposits forming in the kidney. The stones originate as microscopic after which they develop ...

Minerals are inorganic solid natural substances with a defined chemical composition that are stable at room temperatures and ordered atomic arrangement. They are useful to the health, development and growth of children, therefore one ought to be cautious on the correct quantity being administered as they can too be harmful. The essay will therefore discuss the merits and drawbacks of minerals best for children growth, their composition, quantity and those harmful to their health. Brain development require essential minerals like iodine for intelligence quotient development and school performance, zinc to support concentration, reasoning and cognition ability and magnesium for ...

ZICO- a high energy drink

Introduction ZICO is a company that mainly specializes in the sale of hydrated coconut water. The company’s main objective is to provide and supply its customers with natural coconut water that is highly energized. Although coconut water is originally natural and free of any artificial contents, ZICO has managed to come up with formulas to hydrate the drink in a bid to make it more energizing. The company was started in Central America by Mark Rampolla who was a volunteer with Peace Corps. Mark was also a great athlete who valued coconut water as his most favorite drink during his running ...

Substance that ionizes in aqueous solution to produce hydrogen ion (H+) is defined as acid. It is proton donor and electron pair acceptor. Acid tastes sour, changes litmus from blue to red. Whereas, base releases hydroxyl ion (OH-) in their aqueous solution. It is proton acceptor and electron pair donor. It tastes bitter; changes red (acidified) litmus to blue. Salt is an ionic compound produced from reaction of an acid and a base. It is formed by the incomplete or complete substitution of the hydrogen ion (H+) of an acid by a basic radical. Three examples of acid used in ...

Purpose

The purpose of this experiment is to prepare soap through the saponification process and use it to test water hardness. Procedure The saponification process began by placing approximately 5 grams of lard in a beaker. 15 mL of sodium Hydroxide (6 M) was slowly and carefully added followed by an addition of 25 mL of ethanol. After adding ethanol, the beaker was heated while stirring until the base fully reacted with the lard. The result was a clear and homogenous solution. After cooling the solution, 20 mL of water was added. The next step involved the preparation of saturated ...

Abstract

The paper articulates the electrolyte and fluid study by describing functions and location of various body fluids and factors that affects variations in fluid compartments. These body fluids involves Body fluids involve blood plasma, mucus and lymphatic fluid, saliva and gastric juice, and other fluids such as tears, sweat, semen and vaginal secretions. The functions, regulation, sources and losses of the main electrolytes in the body are also described. The paper also outlines the basic principles of some of the processes that occur in human body such as osmosis, filtration, active transport and diffusion. In order to understand ...

Abstract

Introduction The objective of this laboratory work is to gain an insight in the trends of both chemical and physical properties of elements across the periodic table. The experiments offer an opportunity to subject the elements to the same chemical conditions and observe the reactions. Moreover, the relationship of the chemical properties and the location in the periodic table is pertinent. The location of an element in the periodic table is determined by its family or group and period.

Experimental

The procedure followed for the different experiments involved combustion and reaction with water. For combustion the element would be ...

Outline Thesis: Conversably, chocolate is good for human health as it improves cardiovascular healthiness, heart functioning, prevents cancer, as well as brain stimulant.

Arguably, human health is the most important issues in the globe today. Therefore, people in the world would like to know entirely everything that can be good for their health. In this case, chocolate is very good for human health. Chocolate is a substance prepared from the seeds originated from a plant known as cacao. Several products of chocolate are accessible on various markets. Undeniably, the products range from cocoa, which is powdered to white chocolate. ...

Building a fire and a shelter are two of the first things you should do when you’re stranded in the wilderness (“How To”). You should try to accomplish this before night time falls to ensure that you’ll have warmth and protection throughout the night.

How to Build a Campfire

Fire is an important part of life. Whether you’re safe at home or stranded in the wilderness, you will need fire for warmth, light, cooking, and protection (Vaux). Building a campfire is then one of the first things that you should do when you’re stranded in the wilderness. Aside from the benefits previously mentioned, a ...

Some tricycle anti-depressants have been successfully used to lessen the problems associated with depression. This paper addresses information available about Clozapine (a tricyclic dibenzodiazepine), Protriptyline (a dibenzocycloheptene derivative), and Clomipramine (a dibenzazepine). Tricyclic antidepressants work by inhibiting the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin into nerve terminals. Clomipramine is prescribed to control obsessional behaviour (an antiobsessional drug); it is a very strong drug which must be used with care. The strong sedative properties of Clomipramine require careful observation of patients during the treatment. It was found the Clozapine is commonly taken by oral dosage to lessen effects of depression. Protriptyline which was marketed as Vivactil® has ...

Abstract

Depression refers to a mental condition that is characterized by several symptoms that include but are not limited to: lethargy, isolation, prolonged periods of sadness, sudden emotional outburst such as crying for no particular reason, bouts of rage, self destructive tendencies such as cutting or biting, anxiety, paranoia, loss of appetite or unusual increase in appetite characterized by binge eating, insomnia and hostility. Recent estimates indicate that 1 out of every 10 individuals in the United States in termed as clinically depressed. The study also found that those likely to e depressed are: persons without any source of income, those ...

Until today, over 2000 minerals have been discovered, and constantly on a daily basis, new minerals are discovered. Minerals just like matter is made up of atoms of elements arranged in a particular way together with a definite chemical composition. Notably, minerals are aggregates of nearly all rocks found on the earth’s crust. Geologists define minerals as inorganic materials on and in the earth’s crust with a specific chemical composition. Most minerals are always naturally occurring and it is worth noting that nearly all the minerals contain crystals. This is attributed to the fact that mineral particles are usually arranged in a ...