Essays on Chemical

Arguably, chemical engineers are one of the universal engineers in the globe. In fact, they are universal engineers because they use biology, mathematics, chemistry, biochemistry, physics, as well as microbiology to design machines, processes and programs that convert raw materials into valuable finished products. The products produced by chemical engineers is very useful to humans, environment and economy. Chemical engineers play tremendous roles in the modern society, since most of the products are directly useful. Chemical engineers need to obtain fundamental knowledge on substance, and using such knowledge to produce solutions to crucial mechanical, societal or medical need In Continue reading...

Abstract

The fugacity is a term that has Latin origins, referring to pace and speed. Early work somewhere in the 20th century, on fugacity, demonstrated that chemical equilibrium is established by the free energies of reacting material. Since then, various approaches and concepts on fugacity have been provided. The gas fugacity of noble gasses has been studied, and models have been proposed for calculating the solubility of noble gasses. The development of various models has considered pressure effects, differential equilibrium between components and temperature changes.
The paper discusses the evolution of various multimedia fugacity models and the fugacity of pure Continue reading...

The Use of Chemical Weapons in Syria

The use of chemical weapons in Syria can be traced back in the 1970s before the start of the Arab-Israeli war. According to a report done by a research service in the United States, Syria began piling their chemical weapons in 1973 after they were issued with small quantities of chemicals and deliveries by Egypt. Since early 1970s, Syria has been in the news headlines with a recent lethal chemical attack on 21st august 2013. As a result of continued use of lethal chemical weapons on citizens, protests and group activists have ardently demonstrated for a stop of chemical Continue reading...

In this paper I will argue that keeping good chemical industry partnership with Sweden will benefit the world for years to come. Therefore further analyses and estimation of Intra-industry trade (IIT) share will be carried out from this perspective. Swedish trade flows for “Miscellaneous chemical products” group have a code of 598 according to SITC (Standard International Trade Classification) given on www.scb.se and 38 according to Harmonized System Codes Classification (Appendix A). In order to see how big the share of Swedish intra-industry trade is and what is the impact of it on the major world partners, we will Continue reading...

Chemical engineering, which gained popularity after 1890, is a branch of mainstream engineering that applies experimental/ natural sciences (physics and chemistry) and life sciences (biology and biochemistry) together with economics and mathematics to produce, transform, transport and properly use materials, chemicals and energy. Much of chemical engineer’s work involves modeling processes and analyzing how they take place in the preliminary report or on the computer (Zydney, Matsoukas, and Bainbridge 22-23; The Princeton Review n. pag). Some of the career options that somebody with a chemical engineering masters or bachelors’ degree can get are chemical plant engineer, an aerospace Continue reading...

Introduction

Recently Syria has been on global TVs for all wrong reasons. It is almost nicknamed land of fate following the extensive peace provocations in the country. It has been the point of comparison for nations renowned for insecurity through terrorism and tribal wars. Children with bear terrorism knowledge closely identifies with Syria as they consistently hear about the country in TVs and radios. It is a bad example of nation that children would wish to grow up in. In fact, not many people can tell about the origin of war in Syria. However, people have consistently thought of how Continue reading...

Introduction to Engineering Technology

The career that one takes in life is a very crucial thing in life. It is important to choose a career that you were comfortable with since it determines what you will do for the rest of your life. The career that one takes is mostly determined by the passion that you have for a particular kind of work. The job market also determined your career that one takes. For instance, course like engineering and medicine are considered more lucrative. Biotechnology is basically a science based course that deals with the microorganism. The microorganism is used to perform different Continue reading...

Introduction

The information provided by pharmacokinetics is important in the discovery of new drugs and in screening drug candidates. It helps in drug research and can determine the concentration of a drug present in the body. The discovery of new medicines not only depends on pharmacological activity but on pharmacokinetic parameters as well. Pharmacokinetics includes absorption, distribution, metabolism and execration (ADME). Absorption is the absorbing of a drug in the blood stream. There are two types of absorption, passive and active. The physico-chemical properties are responsible for passive transportation while the active transportation determines the binding of a molecule to Continue reading...

Section 1, Identification

Product identifier: 1750-x
Manufacturer: Statlab Medical Products Inc
Manufacturer address: 23654
Telephone number: 256235
Emergency phone number: 5895622
Recommended use - use within the controlled environment of a laboratory.
Restrictions on use - for laboratory use only
Section 2, Hazard(s) identification
The chemical contains formaldehyde that is a suspected carcinogenic. If an individual is exposed to the chemical, it may lead to eye, skin, and the respiratory system irritation. If there is contact with the chemical, one should use plenty of water to wash it off the region of contact and then see a doctor. If ingestion occurs, Continue reading...

Interactions with hazardous materials

Chemical reactions or interactions are key to the production of various useful chemical products including polymers, fuels, paints, adhesives etc. When the reactants, catalysts, mechanism of reaction, reactor operation, temperature, pressure and other parameters are known, as well as kept under control, the products or outcome are as expected. On the other hand when chemical interactions are unexpected and lead to unknown products, consequences could be disastrous leading to severe loss. Such hazardous material interactions are more common in chemical manufacture, processing, refining and storage facilities.
Reactive hazards are a serious concern since the magnitude of loss could be Continue reading...

The Arab Spring which began in Tunisia snowballed and among the countries that were affected is Syria. However, the events in Syria hardly followed the same course as the events in other countries affected by the Arab Spring. This was because, in most of these countries, the clamor for regime change by the citizens resulted in the removal from power of their then leaders. This was the case in Egypt with the ouster of the then President Hosni Mubarak and in Libya with the ouster of the then President Muammar Gaddafi after an approximately six months civil war in Continue reading...

Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) agents and incidents mean the uncontrolled release of chemical, biological and nuclear agents into the environment or various explosions including the same that cause widespread damage to the environment. They can be used as weapons of mass destruction and can cause severe injury to people’s lives. Chemical, Biological and Nuclear agents are classified as hazardous material. A hazardous material is a substance that because of its physical, chemical or biological nature, they may lead to health, safety and environmental concerns that may require elevated efforts to manage (Auguste, 2003). Chemical, Biological or Continue reading...

Water Contaminants from Pharmaceuticals and Chemical Industries

Water Contaminants from Pharmaceuticals and Chemical Industries

Abstract

In industrial processes, the generation of waste waters is unavoidable sometimes. It is therefore important to develop process for decontaminating this water. The treatment of toxic effluent that contains pharmaceutical and industrial chemicals cannot be satisfactorily attained through the use of conventional processes. Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) have been very vital and successful in their application to degrade these toxic compounds found in water. The high generation of extremely powerful oxidizing agent like the hydroxyl radical forms the back bone of the AOPs. This method is capable of destroying organic compounds until Continue reading...

Introduction

Pesticides are substances or a mixture of substances whose main aim is to destroy, repel, prevent or inhibit the action of any pest. A pest is any form of an insect, plant pathogens, weeds, birds, mollusks, nematodes (worms), and microbes that destroy human foods while in the field, during transportation or in stores. In addition, a pest can destroy other human properties apart from food or help spread harmful diseases. Pesticides are classified into five categories: a chemical substance, a biological agent, disinfectant, antimicrobial and a device. Since pesticides find use in both our homes and in farms, they Continue reading...

The Syrian crisis also known as the Syrian civil war (formally a “non-international (internal) armed conflict occurring in Syria opposing Government Forces and a number of organized armed opposition groups operating in several parts of the country” as declared by the International Committee of the Red Cross on July 17, 2012 (IRCR.com)) started back in March 2011 as a natural part of the Arab Spring. With Middle East region being a home to many ongoing ethnical, religious, economic and political conflicts, Syria is not a lucky exception, but a country that arouses heightened interest among the world powers due Continue reading...

Introduction

Many materials that are used in the production industry are hazardous and it is therefore necessary for production plants dealing with such materials to take the necessary precautionary measures (Ohl & Moser, 2007). In this scenario, the plant is in a mess after a fork lift punctured a drum of 55 gallon containing dangerous materials that are believed to be either strong acid, base or oxidizer raw materials. This paper analyses how the situation can be handled to restore normality in the plant.

Scenario

This type of chemical spill can be categorized as complicated since it not just a Continue reading...

The problem of chemical waste disposal has for a long time been a dilemma for the industrial sector. In ancient times, small industries, such as smelting and cloth making, had some wastes to dispose, and this was also a problem (Martin and Schinzinger 54). In modern industries, chemical engineering is a vital sector of each and every industry dealing with any chemical, either as a raw material, a byproduct, a product, or another item used in the production process.

Although several advances have been reached to improve chemical engineering in all industries, and laws are established to guide the Continue reading...

Developing nations are dependent on chemical pesticides to preserve their natural resources and to prevent insects from destroying valuable food crops. Each nation has to produce enough food to feed their population and also to rely on export that provide them with much need cash to sustain their economy. Some of these larger nations also are being depended on to provide other countries with food and sadly some are unable to keep up with such demands. The burden of providing enough food has become increasingly difficult for these nations over the past years because farmers who used to plant Continue reading...

is Communicated

Introduction

As human kind progress and improve their way of living, the use of chemicals has been a great factor of that progress. But alongside the benefits of these chemicals, there is a great threat or effect to people and the environment. With this, the countries around the world have developed a way of protecting the lives of the people through laws or regulations that require information to be prepared to those using chemicals, through labels or safety data sheets (United Nations, UN, 2011). In the past, different countries have their own way of classifying and labeling of Continue reading...

Chemical Abstract Number: 242-646-8

Common Uses Streptozotocin
The chemical Streptozotocin (STZ) is identified to be useful for the treatment of “metastasizing pancreatic islet cell tumors, malignant carcinoid tumors, and as an
investigational drug for diabetes research” (Virginia Commonwealth University ñ Office of Environmental Health & Safety, 2009, p. 1).

A determination if your chemical is a carcinogen, reproductive toxicant and/or highly toxic chemical.

The chemical is classified as possible carcinogen and mutagen . It was clearly identified as “’reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen’ based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals (IARC, 1978, 1982)” (cited in . As a carcinogen, the chemical is found to have strong potentials for causing cancer or tumor in various parts of the Continue reading...

Abstract

The Bhopal disaster is the most damaging industrial disaster in the global history. The event that led to the death of about 7,000 and 10,000 people within a few days and subsequent deaths of about 25,000 people has raised ethical debates of the person who should assume the responsibilities of cleaning up the toxins from the environment and compensating the victims, who continue to experience devastating effects of the tragic event. Union Carbide was the Indian company responsible for the disaster when it occurred and has since compensated a few victims. However, Dow Company acquired the Continue reading...

The article ‘A Rising Tide of Contaminants’ is about the alarming increase of chemicals and substances in the water bodies. The author, Deborah Blum, discusses the major reasons for the increase in the contaminants in the lakes and how the government should act for this issue. The two main reason for the increasing contaminants in the lakes is the unregulated increase of pharmaceutical and agricultural chemicals and the lack of federal government actions regarding chemical exposures. Scientists are suspecting that the production of the new pharmaceutical and agricultural chemicals are contaminating the water bodies through water sewage system. The Continue reading...

Syrian Chemical Attack August

Introduction
Social Judgment Theory (SJT) is a persuasive theory that was proposed by Muzafer sheriff, Carolyn sheriff and Carl Hovland. Epistemologically this theory states that there exists a single universal interpretation (of one truth) on how people judge received messages. Ontologically, the SJT theory is deterministic since individual behavior is predictable (Connolly et al. 2000). Axiologically, SJT is value-neutral since the theoretical propositions remain objective and free from biasness. The theory of SJT explains how individuals judge the messages get. The theory also predicts that people accept or reject particular attitudes and messages (Connolly et al. 2000). Weekley and Continue reading...

Research Paper: Chemical, Biological, Radiological

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Other

Introduction

Background/Literature Review
- Description of the chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear (CBRN) weapons
- Identification of basic threats associated with CBRN weapons

Discussion

- Summary of past terrorist use of CBRN weapons based on case studies
- Comparison and contrast of various CBRN weapons that could be used in a terrorist attack
- Examination of critical knowledge of the current CBRN threat.

Conclusion

Recommendations
Abstract
This research paper explores chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear threats (CBRN) to United States of America within the last decade. The exploration encompasses a description of the chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear (CBRN) weapons used as Continue reading...

Engineering that is applied to chemical industry is known as Chemical Engineering. Chemical engineering can be applied to physics, biology, microbiology, chemistry and biochemistry. The chemical engineers play an important role in designing and inventing new processes, planning and operating amenities. Mechanical Engineering applies the laws of motion, material science and physics and mostly deals with the machines. The mechanical engineers create machines, new technologies to make the life easier for everyone. The large industries that employ mechanical engineering are the manufacturing industries, automotive, aerospace, fabricated metal products any industries that involved machinery, sheet metal and Continue reading...

The dynamic growth of the economy leads to accelerated consumption of all types of resources (material, energy, financial, etc.). This paper will focus only on the problems of the use of raw materials and energy resources, as it is one of the most topical problems nowadays. Over the decade, global consumption of oil, gas and coal increased by almost half, while the demand for energy is doubling every 12-14 years.
About 70% of oil and 50% of coal extracted from the subsoil were mined over the last 15-20 years. Naturally, all this has led to the depletion of the Continue reading...

Introduction

The acts of terrorism have for a long time been imminent in various parts of the world and especially the US affiliated regions. In the US Joint Task Force on Terrorism, we have received many cases involving various kinds of terrorism actions. The most recent case involves a suicide bomber at Floola. The bombing was carried out by a terrorist driving the vehicle, full of explosives, into a community building in a residential neighborhood housing service members on a U.S military base in the country. This act of terrorism was observed motivated by retaliatory actions because of frequents activities Continue reading...

Latent Fingerprinting and its Reliability as Forensic Evidence

Introduction
The discovery and subsequent improvement in forensic science has been a road marred with many challenges. However, despite these challenges, its acceptance as a rudimentary source of evidence in the judicial system is fascinating. Nonetheless, there are copious number of skeptics who argue that the science is based on probability; thus does not fit to be termed as an actual science. (1) Among the source of their skepticism is in evidence collection. In this work, there is an exploration of fingerprint collection on diverse surfaces.

Ways of Collecting Fingerprint Evidence from different Surfaces

Fingerprints can be identified from several surfaces, which include the porous, non-porous, and Continue reading...

Introduction

Panter-Brake (202) asserts that most people use beauty products with the assumption that these products have undergone thorough testing to ensure their safety before they reach the consumers. The assumption comes because the government is known to regulate most consumer products such as food, water, among others. Therefore, people expect that FDA ensures the health and safety in the cosmetic industry so as to protect consumers. Unfortunately, little power has been given to FDA in regulating cosmetics’ ingredients. The people who govern cosmetic industry are responsible for ensuring safety of the beauty products. Several studies reveal that consumer safety Continue reading...

Abstract

As the majority of the people are becoming more aware of the adverse effects of petroleum-based products consumption and of the continued diminishing of natural fuel oil reserves all over the world, the search for more environmentally friendly and renewable substitute is becoming the focus of many studies. Such substitute products include the soybean-based adhesives, and soybean-based adhesive bonded wood composites and particle boards. In this study, a “literature review” was conducted in order to identify the many issues associated with the search for a replacement for petroleum-based adhesives. Accordingly, the issues identified are (1) environmental friendliness, such as Continue reading...

Question 1: environmental health

- What were the main themes that first emerged after the spill?
The first themes from the newspapers that were covered touched on the chemical spill from Kooragang Island Orica Plant. They all touched on the chemicals that were spilt at the plant and the area in which the chemical covered. The carcinogenic chemical exposure was communicated to the residents of the area three days after the event took place (Johnson 2011, p. 1). According to all the articles, the chemical that glided on seventy homes in the area for half an hour was hexavalent chromium (Fairfax Media Publications Continue reading...

Introduction

Biomass is a biological material obtained from a living organism or a recently living organism. The word biomass is derived from two Greek words; bio meaning life, and maza meaning mass (Demirbas, “Fuels from Biomass” 43). Biomass means non-fossil and bio-decomposable organic matter (originating from plants, animals and microorganisms). The products, byproducts, residues and waste from agricultural processing, all constitute biomass. Bio-waste simply means non-fossil and biodegradable waste that is composed of organic matter. Bio-wastes include food and kitchen wastes, garden and park wastes, and wastes from food processing plants. Bio-waste is therefore an element of biomass.
Non-fossil wastes Continue reading...

Impact of Triclosan on Health

Introduction
Antimicrobial or antibacterial agents are commonly used as ingredients in many of the household products. This trend has increased the concern of growing level of chemicals in the environment that ultimately bring negative impact on human as well as animal health. Triclosan is one among them. It is a synthetic, and an antibacterial agent having broad spectrum that has exploded in the consumer market in last few years. There has been tremendous debate on the safety, regulation of its use and effectiveness of triclosan (The European Consumer Organization, (2012).
Triclosan contains antibacterial properties along with antiviral and antifungal Continue reading...

Introduction

One of the byproducts of urban growth and development is the waste production. As per the report of the World Bank (2013), OECD countries produce almost half of the world's waste, while South Asia and Africa are listed as the regions producing the least amount of waste. The Basel Convention defines 'wastes' as substances or objects that need to be disposed of in accordance with the provisions of national law. European Waste Catalogue shows 850 types of wastes out of which 420 types of wastes have been classified as hazardous waste. Hazardous wastes are those wastes considered to be Continue reading...

When it comes to fire protection, it is important to know and understand the advantages and disadvantages of the many different types of fire protection agents. Dry chemical fire extinguishers are a very popular fire protection agent used in personal, professional, and commercial settings. Dry chemical fire protection agents have both advantages and disadvantages. These types of extinguishers work by “coating a burning surface, separating the fuel of the fire from its oxygen supply” which then puts out the fire (Ace Fire Equipment). By spraying this chemical agent on the fire, it can quickly and efficiently put out the Continue reading...

EMPLOYEE DILEMMA ON EITHER TO USE BUSINESS ETHICS OR MORALS

Lisa Klein is an employee who is loyal to her company but feels it is morally wrong to let the consumers of the company’s product to continue suffering in her silence. It is also wrong from business ethics to expose you company to the customers or the authorities without first informing the company of the mistake committed. Also, it is the moral responsibility of the company to protect its consumers from using harmful products.
Lisa Klein’s dilemma lies in the fact that she understands the lethal effects posed by the chemical used as an ingredient by the Continue reading...

CHAPTER 1

1.0 Introduction
The purpose of this study will be to investigate the impact of teamwork in Chemical Engineering Department in the Federal University of Technology, Niger State, Nigeria. In order to be sure of getting assistance in the course of the study, I contacted the Head of this department who gave me an assurance of help of any kind of information as well as resource that I may need during the study. In this particular study, both qualitative and quantitative methods will be used.
Debatably, overall performance of an organization depends on various factors which include; employee motivation, availability Continue reading...

Abstract

Water is one of the fundamental requirements for any form of living thing on earth. It is known for the many vital roles that it plays in the continued survival of animals and growth of plants. In animals, water plays an essential role in maintaining many processes that take place both in the system of the animal and the outside world as well. Water acts as a medium through which most chemical reactions take place within the body system of all animals. In plants, it plays several roles, mainly by allowing the absorption of dissolved nutrients and mineral salts Continue reading...

Abstract

Enzymes are the large biological molecules that play the role of metabolic processes responsible for maintaining the human life. They have the ability of high selectivity, as natural catalysts. They accelerate both the specifity and rate of metabolic processes, from food digestion and DNA synthesis. Most scientific enzymes are proteins in nature, even though some RNA molecules which are catalytic have been studied. The structures of enzymes normally adopt a three dimensional structure, and in order to assists in catalysis, it may employ the organic and inorganic forms. This experiment is meant to describe the properties and characteristics of Continue reading...

Fritz Haber, born in 1868, was a world-renowned German chemist whose multifaceted works in the field of chemistry earned him a Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1918. His most notable work involves the chemical process of synthesizing ammonia, which is used as one of the core ingredients in fertilizers and explosives (Stoltzenberg 84). The entire food industry is arguably dependent on his ingenious method, as most of the food is produced using fertilizers and other elemental components produced using his premier method. Perhaps the most unsettling role he played as one of the world’s most notable genius chemists Continue reading...