Essays on Acetic Acid.

I. Google Search A. http://www.mymsaa.org/about-ms/overview/ This is a website of Multiple Sclerosis Association of America. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease wherein the myelin sheath sof the nerves are damaged causing symptoms such as numbness, fatigue, mobility problems and more (Mymsaa.org). 5 Facts

A steroid (Cortisone) was first to treat Multiple Sclerosis relapses in the year 1951.

The French neurologist, Jean-Martin Charcot gave MS its name in 1868. The myelin sheath or the protective covering of nerves is damaged in MS. “Lesions” or “plaques” are the inflamed or damaged areas in the brain and spinal cord. Worldwide, about 2.5 million individuals have Multiple Sclerosis. (Mymsaa.org) No specific author was indicated in the page. ...

There exists about 300,000 plant species on earth, and every individual plant hosts one or more endophytes. However, it is just a few of these plants that have been researched relative to their endophytic biology. Hence, the chance for isolation of new, as well as, interesting endophytic bacteria in plants are important. Endophytic bacteria can be referred to as bacteria that can be isolated from tissues of a surface-disinfected plant or bacteria extracted from inside of a plant, which cause no visible negative effects to the plant. Almost every plant is populated by varied bacteria referred to as endophytes. Majority of ...

Introduction

Aspirin is a commonly used drug. One of the properties of aspirin is that it is an analgesic, meaning that it relieves of pain. Aspirin is also an antipyretic drug meaning that it relieves on of fever. It also has anti-inflammatory properties meaning that if readily relieves swelling from tissues (Ahluwalia, Sunita & Adarsh 231). Salicylic acid has two functional groups. One of the functional groups is the phenolic group while the other functional group is carboxylic acid group. The presence of these two functional groups means that salicylic acid can undergo esterification in two different reactions. In one reaction, ...

Section 1, Identification

Product identifier: 1750-x Manufacturer: Statlab Medical Products Inc Manufacturer address: 23654 Telephone number: 256235 Emergency phone number: 5895622 Recommended use - use within the controlled environment of a laboratory. Restrictions on use - for laboratory use only Section 2, Hazard(s) identification The chemical contains formaldehyde that is a suspected carcinogenic. If an individual is exposed to the chemical, it may lead to eye, skin, and the respiratory system irritation. If there is contact with the chemical, one should use plenty of water to wash it off the region of contact and then ...

Immunohistochemistry

Introduction The Human Papilloma virus (HPV) is an extremely common group of viruses that are found worldwide. There are more than 100 types of HPV worldwide. 13 types of HPV are associated with cancer. They are also termed as high risk type. (WHO, 2013). HPV is transmitted through sexual contact. More than 90% of cases are infected shortly after sexual activity. Cervical cancer is associated with HPV infection that are acquired through sexual contact. 70% of cervical cancer cases are caused by two types of HPV. HPV 16 and HPV 18 are the two strains associated with cervical ...

In the healthcare perspective, according to Gennaro et al. (2000), biochemical reactions are the chemical reactions involved in biochemical and cellular processes and particular actions of substances that affect these processes. Understanding biochemical reactions lead to the “understanding of the molecular bases of diseases”. The knowledge of receptor sites and metabolism (among other things) direct healthcare measures in efficient therapy management. Knowing normal cellular communication and metabolic pattern chemical reactions determine conditions that are abnormal in disease states. To Giese (2013), the scope of pharmaceutical reactions involve those of pharmaceutical biomolecules and biomolecule analogues and the chemical reactions involving ...

Lab Report

Lab Report to Investigate the Effects of Indole acetic Acid On The Tip Of The Coleoptiles. INTRODUCTION The purpose of the lab report is to examine the effect of the artificial auxin hormone on the stems of the coleoptiles. Coleoptiles are protective sheath which encloses the growing shoot of the monocot seedlings. The coleoptiles have high concentration of the hormone auxin which acts as a natural growth regulators. SONI (2010The source of the auxin is in the tip of the growing coleoptiles. This implies that when the tip is removed, the source of the auxin is also removed ...

Chemical equilibrium refers to the condition that occurs when the both the concentration of the reactant and product in a chemical reaction have not net change over time (Helmenstine). There are many chemical reactions that do not go on to completion. These reactions go on until equilibrium is attained. However, the system at this point is not static but dynamic with the forward and the reverse reactions still in progress. Equilibrium reactions are very common throughout chemistry, and most of the biochemical processes taking place in life involve equilibria. One useful feature of an equilibrium reaction is the fact ...

D. - The location of the equivalence point on the graph An equivalence volume for the reaction can be determined using the point in the graph with the greatest slope (Clark, 2002). This point was between 14mL and 16mL of NaOH. The equivalence point is determined by the midpoint between the two points, which is 15 mL. - The volume of NaOH added at the endpoint of the titration for the first trial - The volume of NaOH added at the endpoint of the titration for the second trial. The volume of NaOH that ...

Lab Report on preparation of Esters by Esterification

Introduction The organic esters are characterized using their pleasant and fruity odors. Some of these odors include lead to fruits such as banana, pear, and orange to have their pleasant smelling. When carboxylic acid is mixed with an alcohol in the presence of a strong acid leads to the production of an ester. The strong acid is used as a catalyst and the general reaction is as below. The esterification reaction is a reversible reaction with the forward being referred to as esterification, while the reverse reaction hydrolysis. The general formula of an ester compound is as follows: The experiment aimed ...

Introduction

The purpose of this experiment is to assist one to learn how different equipment in the laboratory is being use when carrying out the experiment. It tests the level of accuracy required when using different apparatus for measuring the volume. For very approximate result of volume, a beaker or conical flask is preferred when measuring volumes of liquids.

Accurate methods of measurement

This is done by the use of burette, conical flask and pipette. These measuring apparatus are discussed below. When a much more accurate measurement is required, always measuring cylinders are preferred Measuring cylinders, which are much more accurate than beakers and conical.

Also volumetric pipettes and volumetric flask the mostly used apparatus used when measuring accurate volume.

...

. Journal 1 Findings: According to Ozores-Hampton et al (2002), greenhouse pot trials conducted using immature and mature Municipal Solid Waste-biosolids (MSW) composts as a mulch decreased the percentage emergence and increased MDE (Mean Days to Emergence) of the seeds of several weed species. The greater the depth of composts, the more pronounced were the beneficial effects. Also, it was found that the immature composts, having higher percentages of acetic acid, required less depth of mulch to have the same effect. However, it was noted that the immature compost use would be most suitable where: a) the vegetable crop and the ...

Introduction

A pipette is one of the laboratory instruments utilized in the transportation of a measured volume of fluids. Therefore, the general use of a pipette is to transfer a specific volume of a fluid from one container (measuring cylinder) to another. There are several types of pipettes. They include; Volumetric, graduated, automated pipettes, micropipettes and disposable pipettes. But for the sake of the video, we will concentrate of two: Volumetric and graduated pipettes.

These pipettes are used to transport a single specific volume of a fluid, typically between 1 and 100 ml. They are shaped like rolling pins with a huge belly, one blunted end (the ...