Essays on Tube

The Rate of Photosynthesis in Two Submerged Organisms (Cabomba and Ceratophyllum)

Introduction
In this experiment, the set alternative hypothesis was that the rate of oxygen production in Cabomba was significantly different from the rate of oxygen production in Ceratophyllum. This was informed by the report from a previous study by Van and colleagues (1976) that indicated that Cabomba had a lower rate of photosynthesis compared to Ceratophyllum and Hydrilla that had similar photosynthetic rate.

Materials and Methods

Experimental Design
The experimental independent variables were 6 grams for Ceratophyllum and Cabomba organisms while oxygen produced was the dependent variable. Water collected from the pond was used as the control in the experiment. The question ...

Introduction

The null hypothesis for the experiment was that oxygen production is the same in both plants while the alternative hypothesis was that oxygen production and thus the rate of photosynthesis is higher in Ceratophyllum than in Cabomba due to its efficiency in carbon dioxide utilization (Kitaya, Murakami, & Takeuchi, 2003).

Materials and Methods

Experimental Design
The research question to be answered in the experiment was whether there is rate difference, in oxygen production, in oxygen production between Ceratophyllum and Cabomba. It was predicted that each of the plants would have different oxygen production rates. The dependent variable was the rate in oxygen production ...

2734 Serenade Drive

Las Vegas, NV 89100

Memorandum
- Heating System Recommendation

Introduction

In line with your request, I have hereby looked into the matter and came up with the recommendations outlined below. I am glad that we have finally opted to overhaul our hotel’s heating system. This monumental step will not only revamp our customer experience, but also improve our bottom line. I have assessed the technologies used by our competitors and done a bit of research in emerging heating technologies. I am confident to inform you that once the transition is over, we will be the best in the country in ...

Abstract

This experiment sought to investigate the effect of substrate on activity of enzyme catalase. It was hypothesized that catalase can only influence the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide. Three test tubes were selected and labeled tube 1, tube 2, and tube 3. Catalase and hydrogen peroxide were added to tube 1; water and hydrogen peroxide were added into tube 2; and catalase and sucrose were added into tube 3. Bubble measuring 20mm was formed in tube 1 while no bubble was seen in tube 2 and tube 3. A conclusion was made that enzyme catalase can only influence the rate ...

Analysis of Culture Cell KU812F with Three Protocols

Abstract
Protein analysis for cancer cell research has been found to be extremely reliable. The culture cell KU812F (chronicle myeloid leukemia cell line) was used for this laboratory. Globin gene switching was observed by evaluating the gene expression in the cells. Gene expression and protein folding were provoked. Gene expression is the process of transcribing DNA to cDNA and then used qPCR to study gene expression. cDNA was translated into mRNA which in turn is translated into a protein. mRNA concentration was analyzed. The three protocols were Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), Enzyme-Linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA), and ...

Part 1

The advantages of top-down approach to engineering problems
A top-down approach is also known as the stepwise design and in most some cases; it is used as a synonym of decomposition. It is essentially the breaking down of a system in order to gain insights into its compositional and elemental sub-systems or sub-groups. In this approach, a brief or detailed overview of the system is formulated and specifying but does not detail any of the first-level sub-systems. Each sub-system is then defined and refined in yet greater detail, and sometimes in many additional sub-system levels, till the entire specification ...

Chemical equilibrium refers to the condition that occurs when the both the concentration of the reactant and product in a chemical reaction have not net change over time (Helmenstine). There are many chemical reactions that do not go on to completion. These reactions go on until equilibrium is attained. However, the system at this point is not static but dynamic with the forward and the reverse reactions still in progress. Equilibrium reactions are very common throughout chemistry, and most of the biochemical processes taking place in life involve equilibria.
One useful feature of an equilibrium reaction is the fact ...

(City, State)
Lactic acid fermentation refers to a biological process where sugars such as fructose, glucose, and sucrose undergo conversion to form cellular energy lactic acid. The process is an anaerobic kind of fermentation reaction and takes place in a number of bacteria as well as in animal cells like the muscle cells (Campbell & Reece, 2005). The application of lactic acid fermentation is broad especially in the food industry (Tempeh, 2008). Some of the bacteria that are involved in the production of lactic acid include pediococcus cerevisiae, leuconostoc mesenteroides, bifidobacterium bifidus, and streptococcus lactis (Tempeh, 2008). The process is ...

Introduction

During manufacture of food products, manufacturers must put different factors into consideration. The health of consumers becomes a paramount factor of consideration during food manufacturing processes .Consumers present a very sensitive and complex group. People have different medical conditions and as such, manufacturers have to put this into consideration. One common health condition that has been on the rise among consumers is diabetes .Diabetes is caused by foods with high glucose levels. Therefore, this is an aspect that food manufacturers have devised techniques to deal with during food preparation, storage and packaging. Foods with high glucose levels pose a ...

Introduction

Biological reactions are those reactions that are involved in various activities, in the body including energy production. Reactions that produce energy are called exergonic reactions while those that use energy are called endergonic reactions. Enzymes enable chemical reactions to take place within a living system most of which are under a homeostatic constraint. In these reactions, enzymes function as a catalyst by lowering the activation energy necessary in a reaction (Cooper, 2000). Enzymes bring the reactants involved in a reaction closer together weakening the chemical bonds and this enable the reactions to occur faster compared to reactions that have ...

Abstract

Water is an important chemical owing to its various uses by living things. Most chemical reactions within the bodied of living things require water in order to occur. It is purported that life evolved from water some 3.8 billion year ago following the organization of inorganic and organic molecule to form as prokaryotic cells. Besides, the well being of a cell is overly dependent of the balance between the water and the dissolved substances in the water. In this regards, the cell can permit water molecules to move in and out of the cell; the process in called Osmosis.

Introduction

...

Introduction

With people becoming more conscious of the detrimental effects of fossil fuel, the demand for green sources of energy is on a rise. The Sun is the source of all the energy in this world. Even if a small percentage of solar irradiance is collected every day then all the problems related to the scarcity of sufficient energy will be solved. However, it is not very easy to collect and store solar energy in an effective way. Solar Collectors also known as Solar Thermal Collectors are designed to absorb solar energy from solar radiation which is then reduced to ...

The Metabolism of (PABA) Para-Amino benzoic Acid

Introduction
PABA or Para amino benzoic acid is a non proteinous amino acid that occurs naturally. The molecular formula of para- amino benzoic acid is C7H7 NO2; the structure of PABA consists of benzene rings substituted with a carboxyl and an amino group. PABA is a white crystalline molecule that is only sparingly soluble in water. PABA is a very essential nutrient for bacteria PABA functions as an intermediate in the synthesis of folic acid in bacteria
The deficiency of PABA does not cause any deficiency diseases in man. Some bacteria in the intestinal tract can synthesise PABA from ...

Abstract

A polymerase chain reaction also known as PCR refers to a technique that is used in the amplification of a DNA fragment making huge numbers of the original fragment. The process uses an enzyme known as DNA polymerase to multiply the DNA fragment. Other components that are necessary for a PCR reaction are the DNA template that is provided by the sample being multiplied, the primers, and nucleotides. The experiment aimed to examine a number of human DNA polymorphisms, the PV92 Alu polymorphism and the mitochondrial control region using human DNA. This was achieved by isolating the mitochondrial DNA ...

Introduction

In this experiment, we are interested to determine the heat change of two different reactions using the ice calorimeter. The heat change values are applied together with the given values of the heat transformation of water (∆H(H2O)) and the application of hess law to establish the heat of formation of MgO (∆H(MgO))
A formation reaction has a defined stoichiometry which makes them ideal constructs to be investigated by the Bunsen ice calorimeter. When the heat is released by the reaction, it causes the ice to melt and the volume of the ice-water mixture to contract. From the ...

Osmosis is the random diffusion of solvent water molecule from an area of low solute concentration to areas where the solute concentration is high through a semi permeable membrane so as to equalize the concentration of the solute on both sides (Kylstra, Longmuir, and Grace 289). It is a biological process essential to both flora and fauna that results into various physiological effects, for this experiment water and a mixture of syrup and water will be used to demonstrate the process. A laboratory report hence illustrates what the students involved, understood while carrying out the practical experiments.
The purpose ...

Shaped tube electrolytic machining

Several methods have been employed to drill holes. Most of the time only mechanical methods have been thought up. These mechanical methods have a lot of disadvantages. Some of them being production of heat while drilling ...

Abstract

Neural tube defects are a common occurrence in many pregnancies. Some of them have fairly minimal consequences and in fact, many children born with these defects lead normal lives. Spina bifida is one of these defects and is indeed one of the most common. The defect emanates from the failure of the neural tube to close properly leaving an opening. This paper aims to look at this defect from several perspectives including a brief description of the disorder, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, the usual age of onset and relevant ethnic and cultural risk information. The paper will also look at ...

Purpose of the article

The article seeks to find out the average energy that is required for every scintillation photon as well as the energy resolutions present in crystals of sodium iodide that is activated with thallium and cesium iodide that is doped with thallium for gamma rays. Through this information, that author can comprehend the pathways that radiation energy to luminescence takes in scintillators. This information is important if one is to draw a comparison between scintillation yields from various scintillators. As such, this article adduces that the use of quantities that are related to scintillation efficiency is appropriate in understanding these ...

Purpose

Materials and Methods
Gram Stain: the test was done to differentiate Gram-positive from Gram-negative organisms. A drop of the unknown 300 was suspended on a slide and the culture spread to an oven thin film. The culture was air dried and fixed over a gentle flame. Crystal violet stain was added over the culture and allowed to stand for 60 seconds. The stain was poured off and rinsed gently. Iodine solution was added on the smear, allowed to stand for 60 seconds and the stain poured off. The slide was rinsed with running water, and a few drops of ...

The patient was a 24-year-old black male who was brought to the emergency room via an ambulance on June 21 at 03:50 pm. The report indicated that it was a pedestrian versus vehicle accident. The state of the patient reported included acute lung injury, pulmonary contusion, deep road rash extending over right side of axillary region to the abdomen, deep avulsion to the right hip area and exposed muscles. Trauma alert team and the respiratory therapist were called to the bedside. The patient developed respiratory failure and immediately was intubated by the respiratory therapist with an endotracheal tube size ...

Introduction

Bacillus Subtilis are the organisms that are aerobic, Gram Positive, spore-forming belonging to the Bacillus genus. The organisms are together with other species that are closely related play a crucial role in disease, food poisoning as well as food spoilage. Lack of methods that are standardized for the identification of the organisms whether coming from the food or environment has made the tests to be difficult. Use of morphological as well as physiological tests have offered the best ways to identify organisms in the laboratory although there are inconsistent and lack of reliance in these methods.
Identification of an ...

ABSTRACT:

A plasmid DNA is an extra-small circular structure commonly found in bacteria which is capable of replicating by itself in the cell. These are used in genetic engineering as vehicles to carry and make copies of a particular gene which can produce desirable effect. In this report, we discuss the isolation and purification of DNA fromEGFP-LC3 plasmidusing a modified alkaline lysis method and QIAprep spin columns. The concentration of the isolated EGFP-LC3 plasmid DNA was found to be 82.868µg/ml. The ratio of ODs taken at A260nm/A280nm was found to be 5.314 which could be because improper washing step ...

of HT22 Cells derived from Mouse Hippocampus

Sections I and II

Biology
Section I
1. Introduction
Fluorescent protein development research has gained increased knowledge about the range in the color palette available from the Aequorea Victoria jellyfish. The wavelength emissions in the blue to yellow range are now better understood. [1] Another area that has seen a great improvement in knowledge is the understanding of emissions of the monomeric fluorescent protein emissions in the orange to far-red spectral region. [1] The spectral region of fluorescent in the orange to far-red is derived appropriate reef coral species. [1] This area of research is particularly ...

Lab Report on Aldehydes and Ketones Experiment

Lab Report on Aldehydes and Ketones Experiment

The current experiment aimed at learning properties of some of the common aldehydes and ketones, as well as, the chemical tests used to distinguish the different classes.
Both aldehydes and ketones have the same functional group known as carbonyl group C=O. In the aldehyde compounds, the carbonyl group is located at the end the structure with a general structure shown below (McNaught & Wilkinson, 1997).
The carbonyl carbon is, therefore, the first carbon of the carbon chain. On the other hand, the carbonyl group in ketones is located anywhere on the carbon chain ...

Introduction

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the speed of sound at room temperature using the microphone connected to a computer. Sound travels at a speed which is comparatively higher than the speed many objects. Consequently, the determination of speed of sound is technically challenging task. Most experiments rely on echo which is a reflection of sound to estimate this speed. The speed of sound at standard atmospheric pressure and temperature of 0º C is 331.5m/s. The experimental value of the speed of sound is expected to be less than the accepted value because low winter temperatures.

Materials and Methods

Materials
...

Patients and family of patients requesting assisted euthanasia need to be thoroughly informed about the issue and the potential impact of the act of euthanasia in their lives. Euthanasia is defined in the dictionary as mercy killing. This means that the patient is in so much pain or his/her dignity would be further degraded by his/her sickness that terminating his/her life would be more compassionate or merciful. From a medical perspective, euthanasia is referred to as the “act or practice of ending the life of an individual suffering from a terminal illness or an incurable condition” (American Heritage Medical ...

2734 Serenade Drive

Las Vegas, NV 89100

Memorandum 2
This is a business memorandum in response to your memorandum regarding the selection of a proper boiler for our Salt City property. I am very glad that your proposal to upgrade the heating system has been approved, as it is in dire need for a superior boiler. The current heating solutions installed at Salt City make us of water boilers, which use obsolete technology. This is the reason of frequent customer complaints and inefficient heating at lower temperatures. As I have mentioned in my previous memo, we can make use of the water tube ...

1) Iodine test.

Iodine test distinguishes starch. It helps in distinguishing a polysaccharide from monosaccharide, disaccharides and other polysaccharides. The test is also called iodine staining. The iodine reacts with coiled polymer molecules and turn bluish black. Non-coiled starch does not react with iodine thereby no bluish color observed. A positive result is when there is the presence of the bluish black color.

Procedure

1. Put two drops of the solutions to be tested in three different test-tubes.
2. Add two drops of the IKI reagent to each of the tubes containing different sugar solutions.
3. Keep ...

Abstract

All cells in a living organism require energy to drive various cellular activities such as transport of molecules and movement among others. The rate of cellular respiration may be affected by the substrate concentration, pH level and enzyme concentration among other factors. This experiment aimed to study the rate of cellular respiration in isolated mitochondria under different conditions. It was hypothesized that if the concentration of the substrate is increased then there will be an increase in the rate of cellular respiration. Mitochondrial suspension was used as the source of succinate that was used as the substrate. The level ...

Abstract
Chromatographic techniques are used to separate different components in a mixture based on their solubility in the mobile phase and adsorption on the stationary phase. The most soluble components move further with the mobile the components that adsorb more on the stationary phase move a shorter distance. The main component of green leaves is chlorophyll. However more information can be obtained on the content of leaf extracts by separating a homogenate made from a leaf sample. In this experimental report, spinach leaves were used to obtain a homogenate that was separated on paper chromatography to obtain the various ...

Abstract

Osmosis is an important phenomenon for several plant and animal life functions. Like any other small molecule, water moves from one side of membrane to the other by diffusion. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane however is given a special name, osmosis. To understand osmosis, the designed experiment has been conducted as discussed in this laboratory report. This experiment begins with a dialysis tubing which is selectively permeable and is filled with water and sugar syrup. This tubing is then submerged in beaker with water and syrup. The experiment is conducted with three tubing and ...

4.2. Tube
The main Hyperloop route consists of a partially evacuated cylindrical tube that connects to the stations of Los Angeles and of San Francisco in a closed loop system (Figure 2). The size of the tube is specific which helps the air flow be optimal. It flows around a capsule which in turn helps in the improvement of the capsule’s performance. It also increases the speed, as compared to the expected speed of travel, at which energy is consumed. The inside of the tube has a pressure expectations will be maintained around 0.015 psi (100 Pa, 0.75 ...

Abstract

The purpose for this experiment was to explore the properties of Strawberry DNA. It was hypothesized that the DNA of a strawberry is red in color and soluble in ethanol. A Strawberry was placed in a self-sealing Zip Lock freezer bag from which air was removed. The bagged strawberry was mashed gently and 10 ml of extraction buffer was added. After further mashing of the bagged strawberry, the content of the bag was removed and filtered through cheesecloth into a test tube before adding alcohol. White clouds that resemble threads were seen floating on the surface of alcohol. These ...

Introduction

Gene expression is the process through which the information that has been encorded in the gene is firstly converted into messenger RNA and then finally to a protein. The study of gene expression is critical especially to the biological student and more so to one who would like to study biology related course like microbiology in future. Therefore, it is important to note that we study gene expression in order to determine how the genes and the proteins which they encode functions in the intact organism. Zhang (2006),
Another reason why we study gene expression is in order to ...

The miracle of face is a movie that explains the impacts that beauty plays as far as our life is concerned. For example, babies are drawn to beautiful faces, and they tend to spend a lot of time scaring at them. But when it comes to ugly faces, they cannot withstand scaring at them-most of the time they will cry while looking for an escape since they are scared by ugly faces. Research has been conducted, and it clearly depicts that even older individuals are scared when it comes to socializing with scary people. Henry having his eye removed-due ...

Summary overview:

The manufacture of beers has been in existence for quite a long while. Similarly, Keg beer has also been around for decades, although it has gone through a series of evolution to make it more desirable to consumers. In the process of all the evolution, the keg has become cost efficient and significantly reduced in its weight. From its initial manufacture, kegs were stored in wooden materials. This later changed as technology advanced, to usage of synthetic kegs which can withhold high pressures.
The assembly of keg is simply a process of few steps such as collection of the ...

Introduction

Composition of Dietary Fiber
Dietary fiber is an essential component in nutrition and health (Mora et al., 2013; Klosterbuer, Roughead, & Slavin, 2011). Thus, the present study will explore the effect of particle size and source of fiber on the level of cholesterol in the human digestion system. Primarily, dietary fiber is a constituent of plant foods and includes materials that have diverse morphological and chemical structure. Such materials resist enzymatic action in the human digestion system (Dhingra et al. 2012). In the gastrointestinal tracts, the dietary fiber forms a matrix that has both amorphous and fibrous characteristics. The matrix’ ...

Introduction

Fermentation process refers to the conversion of sugars such as glucose to alcohol, carbon dioxide and energy in the form of ATP (Kale and Gokhale). Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen and converts substrates such as glucose into products such as acetate or lactic acid. During fermentation, there is no oxidation phosphorylation and thus the amount of ATP that is produced is low (Pigage, Neilsen and Greeder). One specific example of fermentation is lactic acid fermentation, which is the simplest form of fermentation. In the presence of oxygen in the cells, most organisms bypass fermentation to undergo cellular ...

Introduction

This lab experiments was to see how light travels through the pin hole camera to form images. This was achieved through a number of steps. The basic functional principle of a pin-hole camera is that, when a shutter is opened-in this case a small pin hole, light that bounces off objects and is directed through the hole, an image is formed on a screen that is on the other side of the hole. However, this image appears to be inverted. Since the pin hole is very small, the light rays that pass through it will not overlap. This is ...

Abstract

The experiment aimed at explaining the interaction of the molecules at different pressure, temperature and volumes. At low temperatures, the volume of the gas was low while at high temperatures, the volume of gas increased. The experiment successfully determined the value of absolute temperature using the Charles’s Law as 202.75OC which was lower than the theoretical value. The experiment also successfully verified the Boyle’s Law. The interaction of temperature and the volume of the fluid can be concluded to be directly proportional with an increase in temperature leading to increase in volume. On the other hand, the ...

Abstract

The seawater forms 97% of water of the world, and the icecaps account for 2%. The portion of water available for human consumption is barely 0.5% and that also in aquifers. The widening gap between availability and requirement of potable water especially in the Gulf countries has necessitated newer methods and technologies for production of water suitable for human consumption. This situation in the Gulf region has developed due to non- availability of surface water, high growth of population and urbanization, and water depletion. The present paper takes account of the desalinization of seawater plant established in Abu Dhabi ...

1. Introduction:
Mass communication and technological advancements go hand in hand. In easy word, both of them act as each other’s complements. With progressing times and advancement in every phase of life, every process of communication has evolved and that includes mass level interaction too. There are a number of different mediums of mass communication. Over the history, humans have invented and witnessed the most amazing technological inventions in the field of mass communication. Some of these mediums turned to become less functional and not capable of keeping up with the global progress. However, a few mediums out ...

Introduction

An enzyme refers to a biological catalyst that mediates reactions. In the absence of enzymes, much energy and time would be required attain physical, as well as chemical conditions necessary for a reaction. An enzyme catalyzes the conversion of one molecule forming another molecule (University of Illinois, 2013). The rate at which enzymes catalyze a given reaction is, usually, influenced by several factors including pH, temperature, and the concentrations of the enzyme and substrate. Most of the factors are required to be at their optimum level for maximum activity of the enzyme to be realized.
Increase or decrease from ...

Sun plays crucial role in the life of the Earth. The entire organic world of our planet is obliged to the Sun for its existence. It is not only the source of light and heat, but also the original source of many other types of energy (oil, coal, water, wind). Since people appeared on the Earth, they began using the sun's energy. According to archaeological data, it is known that housing preference was given to quiet places, closed from the cold winds and open to the sun's rays.
Perhaps the earliest known solar system can be considered the statue ...

Introduction

Osmosis refers to the net water movement across a membrane, which is selectively permeable and the movement is driven by a difference in the concentration of the solutes on the opposite sides of the membrane. A selectively permeable membrane allows water to pass through without allowing ions or solute molecules to pass through. Other small molecules that are not charged are also allowed to pass through the membrane. Diffusion, on the other hand, refers to the movement of molecules in a random motion as a result of the kinetic energy and causes the molecules to have a net movement ...

Purpose

The purpose of this experiment is to prepare soap through the saponification process and use it to test water hardness.
Procedure
The saponification process began by placing approximately 5 grams of lard in a beaker. 15 mL of sodium Hydroxide (6 M) was slowly and carefully added followed by an addition of 25 mL of ethanol. After adding ethanol, the beaker was heated while stirring until the base fully reacted with the lard. The result was a clear and homogenous solution. After cooling the solution, 20 mL of water was added. The next step involved the preparation of saturated ...

Never judge culture by one man and never judge a man by popular culture.

- Anonymous

Abstract

In “The Death of the Author,” structuralist thinker Roland Barthes suggested the notion of the author as a distinct identity in the creation and interpretation of a text was a thing of the past. Instead, he preferred the use of the word “scriptor” to refer to the person writing or typing a work for the first time. The ideas in the scriptor's mind would have to travel through his or her semiotic filters to make it to the paper – those filters take the ideas and shape them – for example, the inspiration ...

Annotated Bibliography

Annotated Bibliography
Lacey, D. (2005). Tube feeding, antibiotics, and hospitalization of nursing home residents with end-stage dementia: Perceptions of key medical decision-makers.

Retrieved 24 October, 2011 from http://aja.sagepub.com/content/20/4/211.abstract
The paper by Lacey describes the major challenges to the use of tube feeding including PEGT in neurological patients. The paper was based on selective evaluation of health care giver at 138 nursing homes that make use of tube feeding in relation neurological patients. Lacey also discussed the views of the health care giver at those nursing homes in relations to providing quality tube feeding as a form of palliative care. ...

Spina bifida is neural tube defects that are caused by ecological and hereditary factors that are not yet fully understood. There is no known cure yet for Spina Bifida condition, the damaged nerve tissue cannot be replaced. Some surgical interventions depend on the severity of the disease. In the worst case scenario, if the severe conditions are detected earlier through ultrasound, abortion is recommended.
Folate, also called folic acid is a B group vitamin that can prevent most neural tube defects. The recommended dose for the women who are planning to become expectant is 0.5 mg every day for ...

- Introduction
A compound light microscope represents two or more lens. The term compound refers to multiple or mixture. In compound light microscope built with binocular lens and objective lens. The binocular lens present near the eyepiece and objective leans near to nosepiece. The objective lens helps in enlargement of images and also to collect the light source. According to the requirement the objective lens also changes. In advanced compound light microscope the phase contrasts also possible. In earlier 1595 Zacharias Janssen invented the first light microscope using collapsing tubes. It produced a magnification of 9x. Now the magnification ...

Studies show that stroke survivors with poor oral hygiene have a poor quality of life (Armstrong and Mosher 2011). (Lam et al. 2014) have explored the effect of clinical oral health and socio-demographic factors on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients following stroke. Oral health-related quality of life results were received before and after provision or oral health promotion interventions. Eighty-one patients faced a stroke rehabilitation ward. OHRQoL have also determined the outcomes after in-hospital oral health intervention programme. They observed a significant association between the absence of regular daily brushing and majority of measurement scale items ( ...

(Author)

Abstract

Unplanned extubation can be defined as the premature removal of ETT. It can be deliberate or accidental. Usually, it is caused by mechanical ventilation, which is the common process in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Unplanned extubations represents fourth most common adverse event in NICUs in North America. Unplanned extubation can result in several complications such as acute cardiorespiratory deterioration, bronchospasm, hypotension, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and subglottic stenosis. Duration of intubation, short length of ETT, less common use of sedatives and muscle relaxants, and time spent out of bed in the hand of parents, i.e. movements, are some of ...

Fantastic Voyage - II

It is Day 1 and I am in a mini sub, all set to travel across the wonders of the human body, as the said body ingests junk food that we eat daily. I expect this video and my report will demonstrate the effects of such food inside our body, since on the outside we are blissfully unaware about these possibly harmful. We shall see.
Now let me get into the details. This is your name from “Fantastic Voyage”, reporting from a mini submarine that is 8 microns long, and today I will show you the complex innards of ...

Ventilator-associated pneumonia

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), defined as pneumonia that was absent or not developing at intubation, is the second most common hospital acquired infection (Bahrt, 2009, p. 49). It is the most prevalent hospital acquired infection amongst mechanically ventilated patients in critical care units with an estimated 10-20% incidence rate in some hospitals. It affects approximately 28% of patients requiring mechanical ventilation for >48 hours (Button, Culmer, Southard, & Donaldosn, 2005). Patients on mechanical ventilation for >24 hours are 6 to 21 times more likely to acquire VAP than patients not on ventilator support. VAP is the most ...

Today, Social media marketing is taking the front seat as far as the practice of marketing is concerned. Social media marketing is taken as the process of gaining web traffic and attention by means of social sites. Social media marketing campaigns concentrate on creating content that will draw the attention of readers who in turn share the information with friends and acquaintances (Zarrella). The corporate message stretches from a user to another and appear more convincing coming from a trusted acquaintance as opposed to when it comes directly from the company. This form of advertising is referred to as ...

Spina bifida is a neural tube defect in which the neural tube fails to close in early fetal life. It is diagnosed using fetal ultrasound and elevated α-fetoprotein levels. It can range from an entirely asymptomatic bone malformation or it can be severe and debilitating. Due to an imperfectly closed spinal column, the contents of the column spills out and this can lead to a hydrocephalus. In fact, there are three different types of spina bifida: spina bifida occulta, meningocele, and myelomeningocele.
It is the most common disabling birth defect in America. Worldwide it occurs in 1 in 1000 ...

A basic kinetic study of a chemical reaction often involves conducting the reaction at varying concentrations of reactants. In this way, you can determine the order of the reaction in each species, and determine a rate law expression. Once you select a reaction to examine, you must decide how to follow the reaction by measuring some parameter that changes regularly as time passes, such as temperature, pH, pressure, conductance, or absorbance of light. In this experiment we will use color change to derive the initial rates of the reaction. Before coming to lab you should read in your text ...

Lab Report on preparation of Esters by Esterification

Introduction
The organic esters are characterized using their pleasant and fruity odors. Some of these odors include lead to fruits such as banana, pear, and orange to have their pleasant smelling. When carboxylic acid is mixed with an alcohol in the presence of a strong acid leads to the production of an ester. The strong acid is used as a catalyst and the general reaction is as below.
The esterification reaction is a reversible reaction with the forward being referred to as esterification, while the reverse reaction hydrolysis. The general formula of an ester compound is as follows:
The ...

Designing a Winogradsky Column

Introduction
A Winogradsky column is a micro-community designed to grow a smaller replica of a larger ecosystem. Sergi Winogradsky along with Martinus Willem Bejerink designed it when microbiology was a newly emerging science. At that time, there were few microbiological methods and most microbiologists were engaged in researching the “germ theory” of disease. Winogradsky broke away from this practice and investigated environmental by cultivating and studying microbial communities. His work furthered our understanding of microbial diversity, physiology autotrophy and environmental nutrient cycling. In particular, his efforts led to a greater understanding of sulfur and nitrogen cycling. Of particular interest ...