Essays on Infant

Infant care and production in tamarins

Infant care and production in Tamarins: An Introduction
Parenting patterns vary extensively both amongst human and primates. Cooperative care is rather unusual in the primates, however; it is found mainly in tamarins (Saguinus oedipus), the small monkeys. This report delves into infant care and production in tamarins, in a social system, explaining the methods they maintain their relationships in a cooperative care.

When offered an option for caretaking of mother or the father, infants generally prefer the father, who offer more care. Hence, in biparental and cooperative breeding groups, the infants do not create a major fondness to the ...

Recent research has shown the importance of breastfeeding to infant babies for healthy growth and development of important organs such as the brain. Children who are breastfed developed a high IQ and a good cognitive functioning ability. The infant gets the nutrients from the mother inside the worm and through breast-feeding after birth. The mother's milk has important nutrients such as fatty acids (which promote neuronal growth), iodine, vitamins and carbohydrates. Prenatal maternal nutrition is concerned and addresses the nutrients that the infant gets during the pregnancy after birth which have an impact on the infant birth weight and ...

A stroll through the city at night and the picture is traumatizing, it was one of those days I had delayed my travels due to a puncture I encountered on the road. I did not have adequate cash to book myself lodging and therefore had to travel home late. What I saw on the streets that night changed my perspective and I thought to myself, I might not have had cash to book myself lodging but at least I had a home I could retire to after a tiresome day. I saw a number of people wrapped up in ...

Conflict of interest is one of the challenging scenarios among nurses. This is because it affects their service delivery and the attendance of clients based on allegiance either to individuals or a company. One of the scenarios where a nurse faces conflict of interest is when dealing with an infant in the Newborn Intensive Care Unit (Gott, 2000). There is a situation whereby the nurse knows exactly that the infant chances of survival are very minimal, yet the family f so optimistic of the situation (Joel, 2013). The family members are undergoing a lot of expenses for no reason; ...

Infant Behavior and Development

INFANT BEHAVIOR AND DEVELOPMENT
Infants have a tendency to prefer one care provider to another under distress. For instance, if the mother is the primary caregiver, the infant feels more attached to her than it feels to its father. The primary caregiver refers to the parent with whom the child spends most of its time with.
When a child is in pursuit of closeness or physical contact for that matter, they prefer the individual who is more likely to be responsible for them when they are sick or when hurt. When separated from their caretakers babies appear to be ...

Infant Mortality

Infant Mortality
Infant mortality is basically the death of a child that has not attained one year. The population heath and consequently infant mortality of a population in this paper will be the outcomes of a specified group of individuals and the distributions of the results within the group. The groups can be any amalgamation of people including by geographical areas or even ethnicity.
Access to healthcare is the single most determiner of infant mortality of a population. To begin, the infants who are delivered in a hospital have lesser chances of developing complications than those delivered elsewhere. In ...

Business Ethics Comparison

INTRODUCTION
The People’s Republic of China has evolved into becoming a major actor in the global economic system. The population of the People’s Republic of China is assessed at 1.3 billion people. The GDP of the People’s Republic of China has been experiencing unprecedented increase over the past decade. Notwithstanding, the GDP per capita is less than a number of developing nations. The People’s Republic of China demonstrates market potential that very few countries have shown (Fang 10). This research paper will review the differences in business ethics, legal systems and business practices of The ...

Environmental factors and Health Promotions Pamphlet

[Institution’s Name]

Part I: Environmental factors and Health Promotions Pamphlet

Preventive Measures Against The Environmental Factors That Can Affect The Health Of Infants.
Preventive Guidelines
Introduction:
Infant care is the huge responsibility of parent and care givers. The environmental factors are the fundamental elements that are to be monitored to secure the potential hazards of the health and safety of infants. The most evident factor in this lieu is the water consumption. Polluted and contaminated water can cause massive harm to the health of the infant. The immune system of the infants is not developed to survive the consumption of polluted or contaminated water. Hence, the ...

A baby and parents are pieces of the one unit called family. From baby’s first yell, the world for two starts to change with the impressive quickness and every single day brings new discoveries not only for a child, but also for happy parents. The interaction between parents and their child is very interesting and productive; often, parents don’t even notice how baby is affecting their word outlook once and forever, positively or negatively, but always irreversibly (Leach, 1989). Children, especially infants, need to feel the endearment and caring; just parents are the first teachers for their ...

Infant and Toddler Development

Infant and Toddler Development
“A person’s a person, no matter how small.” The underlying message in this quote is that people should not get dismissed because they are less powerful or appear smaller in comparison to us. It means that everyone’s interest and opinions should receive due respected even when coming from people not in power or less educated you. Most people tend to dismiss the individual needs of children. Such attitudes are disrespectful. We should know that children have individual needs, and the caregivers should help the children be the best they can be (Genius, 2014).
...

PSYCHOLOGY

Psychology
3a.
This is a very wide research problem. An infant named MB was reviewed. The infant was two months of age and was in the stages of infancy. MB spent the majority of her time resting. In the time that MB was awake, there were several experiments that has d been conducted in order to examine her reflexes. MB demonstrated consistent signs of reflex activity with the exceptions of the tonic neck and stepping reflex. MB did not have the capacity of holding her head upright and did not demonstrate any signs of motor development initiations. MB’s ...

1. Poverty is a cause of poor health in a community. “The biggest enemy of health in the developing world is poverty”, these are the words of Former Un secretary general Koffi Annan in his2001 address to the World Health Assembly. Globally, there is a definite relationship between poverty and poor health. Life expectancy in the Least Developed Countries is just 49 years and ten percent of newborn children do not reach their first birthday (Allen, 2006, pg.73). Interestingly, in highly developed countries, the average life span is 77 years and the infant mortality rate is six per 1000 ...

Abstract

No one should have to endure and experience the death of a child, particularly when a child is such an early age. However, there are factors that would tend to redirect the focus of the death of the child to more scientific reasons rather than just mere negligence. True, there are situations that criminal angles are factors in the death of these infants, but whether these were in control of their faculties’ remains to be discussed. The paper seeks to determine the reasons behind “sudden infant death syndrome,” the possible scientific and legal foundations, and when can these be ...

Describing some of the countries as developed countries means that they are certain defined criteria and features, which are considered as symbol of high development. The criteria, which have been set for such classification of such countries, are sometimes considered as contentious and are debated by different authorities and organizations. However some of the most accepted and frequently used parameters or indicators for measuring development, and which are considered as the common characteristics of the developed countries are high rate of economic growth, high income per capita, a low rate of unemployment, population growth rate, infant mortality rate, literacy ...

According to attachment theory the quality of the bonds we form early in life affects our adjustment, coping and relationship throughout the lifespan. Secure attachment is represented by the infant’s capacity to feel comfortable and safe exploring their environment using their primary caregiver as a trustworthy base from which to depart and return (Waters & Cummings, 2000). By the time infants are six month old they recognize and internalize the response of their primary caregiver to their needs and alter their behavior to fit their caregiver’s response pattern. This first relationship sets up an attachment pattern in the ...

Question 1 (Word Count = 332)
Is there a difference in hemoglobin concentration at enrolment between women with detectable peripheral malaria parasites and those without detectable parasites?
In order to test whether hemoglobin concentration recorded at enrolment is different in women with detectable peripheral malaria parasite from those without detectable parasites, a Student t-test is required. Using the student, the mean of two samples are compared to determine whether there is any significant difference between the two samples.
Analysis of the data for “Hb at enrolment visit” variable and the “Malaria at enrolment” variable was done using SPSS to obtain ...

WIC (Women, Infants and Children) program refers to the policy passed to safeguard the health of low-income women, infants, and children up to the age of 5 who are at a nutrition risk by providing nutritious foods to supplement their diets, information on healthy eating and referrals to health care (Oliveira et al. 2 ).
The policy’s focus is on providing nutritional assistance to pregnant and breastfeeding women who must eat nutritional foods during the critical times of a child’s growth and development, as well as providing infants with supplemental nutritional foods to prevent future developmental or medical ...

Infancy Newsletter

Overview
Prenatal development and infancy are very crucial stages in the wellbeing of a human. Prenatal development has some stages that are very important in ensuring that the development objective in human life from infancy, if achieved as appropriate. There are three stages that a very crucial that have to be adhered to ensure that a positive development is enhanced. The three areas include the physical, cognitive and socioemotional stages (Goldstein, 2003).

Development can only be indicated when there is growth. When there is growth, one cannot talk of development. When talking about physical development, a number of areas ...

Low birth weight and preterm delivery are significant birth outcomes that affect both the families and societies alike. Despite the fact that great improvements in dramatically reducing infant mortality have taken place in the medical world during the 20th century, racial and ethnic disparities in health still exist, in the US, as well as the rest of the world. It appears that specific racial groups are more favored than others, and infant health causes a rising concern in the US healthcare system (Anachebe, 2006 p.S3-71). The black-white disparity in extremely low birth weight in the US is persistent, with ...

The children bureau is an act that was to be established in the department of labor. The publication had the description of what the creation of the children bureau and how it will execute its services and also the resources it requires in its implementation and achievement of its objectives (Government printing office, p. 1). The bureau was meant to investigate and report to the department of labor all matters pertaining to children welfare and life among all the classes of the people of the United States with its focus more on infant mortality, birth rate, orphanage, juvenile courts, ...

The aim of this essay is to present you with the answers to the following questions deriving from the book ‘The Song at the Scaffold’ written by Gertrud Von Le Fort. As one can get informed by the relevant link on the Wikipedia regarding the biography of this writer ‘Gertrud Von Le Fort was born in 1876 and died in 1971. She was a popular and widely acknowledged writer of novels, poems and essays.’ (Wikipedia, Gertrud_von_Le_Fort). Her novella ‘Die Letzte am Schafott’ being translated into English under the title ‘The Song at the Scaffold’ is a book which has ...

Language is an important tool of communication. It is through language that we are able to determine the regions and geographic areas that various people are from. One of the important questions that we often forget to ask is how we are able to learn a language. This paper looks at the features, properties, and/or experiences in the world and/or with people allow for language learning in infants. This paper makes the argument that language learning in infants is shaped by three important factors. These include the social interaction of the infant, the cognitive ability of the infant, and ...

Introduction

We measure population health by comparing the status of health over time. Infant mortality is one of those measurements that serve as a barometer for this comparison and makes understanding the effect of health systems and programs between comparable periods (Reidpath and Allotey).
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is defined as “the number of deaths in children under 1 year of age per 1000 live births in the same year” (Reidpath and Allotey). The IMR reflects the overall health scenario of a country and statistical measures of developed and developing cuontries indicate that a high or very high IMR is ...

The World Health Organization has prioritized the aspect of dealing with social determinants of health as part of their objective in the coming years. They have recognized the social determinants of health as the economic and social conditions that influence the health of people and communities. These conditions are brought about by the amount of money people earn, the power they command and the resources they have. These conditions are also related to factors that consider the kind of jobs people do, the type of food they eat, their early childhood development, the education they obtain, their access to ...

In a few short months, I will graduate with a degree in pharmacy. With the increasing demand for pharmacists in healthcare, my options are wide and diverse. In approximation, 62% of all pharmacists serve in community pharmacies. This is significant because they aid in reaching out the services to the hard to reach areas. Other settings where pharmacists work are managed care, pharmaceutical industries, armed forces, hospitals and public health. With my innate need to help those in dire need, I reckon that a career in public health settings and more precisely service in the community is more enticing ...

Health outcomes in developed countries differ substantially for mothers and infants who formula feed compared with those who breastfeed. For infants, not being breastfed is associated with an increased incidence of infectious morbidity, as well as elevated risks of childhood obesity, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, leukemia, and sudden infant death syndrome from diseases such as pneumonia, otitis media, gastroenteritis such as necrotizing enterocolitis, and lower IQ scores (Stuebe, 2009, pp. 222, 224). Breastfeeding offers infants the immune resistance of the mother, which comes from the mother’s plasma cells which are developed to fight specific immune threats ...

Middle Range Nursing Theories

Middle range nursing theories are different from grand nursing theories and nursing practice theories in a way that the latter lies somewhere between the two latter theories in terms of scope and limitations. Middle range nursing theories also act as a bridge between nursing practice and grand nursing theories . In this paper, the middle range nursing theory of parent to child interaction as proposed by Kathryn Barnard will be discussed. The discussion will focus on the background of the theorist and how some significant life experiences affected his work as a nursing theorist; scrutinizing the principles as presented by ...

“Student’s Name”

“Institution Affiliation”
The National Center for Health statistics established the birth rate for teenagers aged 15-19 to be at 31.3 births per 1,000 teens as at 2011 (Phila.gov, 2011). This number has reduced arguably as compared to the previous year where rate of birth among teenagers was quite high. For example, in 1991, birth rate among teenagers was at 61.8 per 1,000 teenagers and this number has continued to reduce because of various programs initiated to curb rampant teen pregnancy. The preterm birth dropped to 11.7 percent while the rate for low birth weight babies considerably declined ...

Introduction

The birth of a child in a family brings a new ray of hope and happiness. The new member brings a lot of anxiety along with the added responsibilities. The responsibilities in upbringing a child must be dealt with great delicacy and care. To raise an infant and make him capable to be a school going person is the responsibility of the parents. To understand the emotions, expressions, and feelings of such small child is a challenging job. Parents need to learn the language of signs and implement their learning in order to meet the needs of their infants.

Body

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The Effect of Working Mothers on the Cognitive Development of Infants 0-3 years of age.

Prospectus: The Effect of Working Mothers on the Cognitive Development of Infants 0-3 years of age.
Problem statement
According to Ruhm (2010), a child’s first three years of life are of significant importance. Research has indicated early influences play a key role in brain development. This implies that, for an infant/child, these formative years are likely to have great significance on how the infant/child develops learning skills, emotional security, and self-esteem. In addition, O’Reilly (2012) argued that implications of maternal absence have generated widespread controversy and debate in recent years. These researches conform to Becker’s theory ...

Introduction

The development of children is one of the most important topics in psychology. There are several theories that have been developed to explain the behavior of children at different stages of their life. Some of the renowned theorists include Freud, Erickson, Lacan, Piaget and Melanie Klein. Melanie Klein is one of the few women who developed theories that seek to enhance our understanding of children at their infancy stage. This paper explores Klein’s object relations theory within the treatment of children.

Major concepts of the theory

The Kleinian theory seeks to not only explain some of the fears and anxieties of babies but ...

Anxiety in Infants

Anxiety is one of the most common mental disorders among the infants. Anxiety is expressed in various ways among the infants. Excessive crying and baby tantrums are some of the ways infants express their anxiety. However, the greatest concern is the source of their anxiety at this young age. Parents are the infants’ first interactions circle and therefore affect the infant’s social, cognitive, and mental growth. The parents therefore are responsible for the child’s reactions to the world in its first years. How does parenting affect the anxiety levels among infants? Does anxiety in the parents affect ...

In my life there was a major lack of physical touch and affection. My father passed away when I was 6 and since that point my mother didn't know how to show us her love. She would buy my sister and me jewelry to show her affection. I always needed physical touch and affection but when I reached out for it, I was always asked what I wanted. What I really wanted was to be held. I grew up with a big vacuum left in my life. I personally knew that if my father was alive I would have ...

In this paper, we will cover an observation of an infant, named Nicholas, aged 9 months. We will examine his physical development, his cognitive development, and his language and social development. Observations will be marked by the letter “O”, and reflections will be marked by the letter “R”.

Description of the Infant:

O: The infant is a male, aged 9 months. He is Caucasian. On this day, he has a few minor red rashes on his skin, particularly his face, which his mother says he gets frequently. He has significant hair, and it is a dark blonde color with red hints. It is ...

Teratogens are non-genetic factor present in the body of a human being that disrupt the normal fetal and embryonic differentiation and also the morphogenesis.Their effect are usually seen during birth and this children who are exposed to them in the utter will not be able to pass on the defect to their children.
The most common teratogens include the age of the mother.If the person giving birth is of old age, then the number of complications increases. Old mothers are prone to hypertension unlike the younger ones. The effects of the old age would lead low birth weights thus ...

Pros and Cons of caring for infants in a Childcare facility

Pros
The quality and level of care plays a noteworthy role in the development of infants. According Sigelman and Rider (2009), a study done by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) indicates that children who were raised in a quality childcare facility performed better than children raised at home did. This was based in terms of the measures of languages skills, social skills and cognitive skills.
Childcare facilities also promote the physical development of children (Benson and Haith, 2009). The childcare facility progresses a child’s motor development by increasing height and weight thus reducing ...

Human development I often influenced by a number of factors. The factors may be biochemical, historical or environmental. For instance, a congenital malfunction experienced during human development results from genetically and environmentally charged factors experienced during the prenatal development. During the first two weeks of gestation, tetragonal agents usually kill the embryo rather than causing congenital malfunctions. Based on the Freud’s stage theory, the theory explains especially on the oral stage where the infant does not experience the loss of physical intimacy to the parent. In this case given, it’s the period that the child does not ...

Question 1 of 15

Explain why overproduction of synapses and synaptic pruning are adaptive processes that foster brain development.
Synaptic overproduction is one of the key concerns that have been attributed to child brain development in the field of neuroscience. One think to realize is that the infant brain grows considerable as infant grows in age and matures into adulthood. Neuroscientists argue that the infant brain grows more than five times as an infant transitions from infancy to adulthood. Despite this development, it is worth noting that the in some cases overproduces neurons which can obscure effective brain development. In order to reduce ...

In developmental psychology, there has always been a question, “how do new skills come to infants and where do they come from?” Some believe that new skills develop from prior accomplishments; others feel as one skill disappears, the new one quickly appears; some others believe that the skills are based on physical similarity - where old and new skills are similar in form. However, most widely believed theory is the shared psychological function where the old and the new skills rely on the same underlying psychological mechanisms with an objective to achieve the same goals.
We have summarised below ...

Infant’s Causal Understanding Development

Psychology
Infant’s Causal Understanding Development

Introduction

Parents tend to think that behind every baby’s gurgling is a mind that knows no awareness of its environment and that the collective movements and responses are part of meaningless gestures. However, scientists are beginning to unfold the long-standing question of whether babies can understand words and actions before they can learn to speak. This question of infant’s causal understanding and its development will be the focus of this study. The study aims to explore the origins and how an infant’s perception of causality develops. The importance of understanding causality ...

Infant’s Causal Understanding Development

Psychology
Infant’s Causal Understanding Development

Introduction

Parents tend to think that behind every baby’s gurgling is a mind that knows no awareness of its environment and that the collective movements and responses are part of meaningless gestures. However, scientists are beginning to unfold the long-standing question of whether babies can understand words and actions before they can learn to speak. This question of infant’s causal understanding and its development will be the focus of this study. The study aims to explore the origins and how an infant’s perception of causality develops. The importance of understanding causality ...

Introduction

Bronchiolitis is an infection in the lower tract of the respiratory system common amongst children. “The major cause of the infection is RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) accounting for over 90% of infections in Australian children and infants” (Lenney 2009, p. 36). Globally, it is a leading cause of infant hospitalization being associated with increasing morbidity rates and costs in recent decades. For instance, it was reported that 21% of infants in North America developed the disease in the first year of their life, with an annual cost of $390 million annually (Checchia 2008). In the UK, the ...

Objective discourse

The World Health Organization recommends that an infant ought to be exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life as from the first hour of life. It is estimated that out of 136 million babies who are born annually, only 32.6% are able are exclusively breastfed for six months. The breach of the WHO recommendations has had dire consequences on infants with estimates revealing that at least 1.5 million infants who die worldwide from preventable diseases could have been saved if they were fed as per the recommendations. The practice of breastfeeding has evolved over the years. In ...

Kangaroo Mother Care: The Benefits of Skin-to-Skin Contact with Newborns

Kangaroo Mother Care, or Skin-to-Skin contact with a newborn immediately after birth, has proven to be a highly beneficial practice, with hardly any negative impact. Kangaroo Mother Care, or KMC for short, provides a newborn the warmth, stimulation, safety, protection from infection, and love that they need. KMC has benefits for not only the newborn, but also significant benefits for the mother, including a boost in her self esteem. Through various studies, pediatricians and obstetricians have found little negative impact through the use of the Kangaroo Mother Care method. The only time it should not ...

How to breastfeed.

Introduction

Breastfeeding is the action feeding of an infant through suckling of milk from the female human breasts.

Breastfeeding for both the mother and the baby is motor-sensory procedural task mediated by processes of the right part of the brain. Breast milk contains a unique balance of nutrients ...

Introduction

Infant development is important because it represent the future. The major prime concern of the society is to ensure an infant grow healthy and develops to become a responsible adults. If not well nurtured, infants are likely to suffer from various infectious and malnutrition diseases. In a bid to further our knowledge on infant development, each member of our class was required to visit an infant of age between 2 and 6 months and observe it with the guide of a caregiver or parent.

On my part, I visited the infant with her mother at their home for two ...

Biography and Contribution to the Attachment Theory

Mary Dinsmore Salter Ainsworth (1913-1999)

There is no doubt that Mary Ainsworth was born an intellectual judging from her contributions and discoveries in psychology and other academic fields. Perhaps, Mary Ainsworth is best known for contributions in the development of the attachment theory and as well, her works in developing of the strange situation (Bretherton, 1992). Her professional career was hugely shaped by Bowlby’s research unit.

Early Life

Mary Dinsmore Ainsworth (nee Salter), the eldest in a family of four sisters, was born to Mary and Charles Salter, Dickinson College graduates, in Glendale , Ohio, in 1913 (Bretherton, 2000). Her parents ...

Abstract

Breastfeeding is a recommended method of feeding infants, as its proven positive effects can improve the health and well-being of both the mothers and their children. Human milk can improve the immunity system of the infant and help develop the infant’s digestive system, as well as reduce the risk of certain diseases in both the mother and the infant. Breastfeeding can also be economically beneficial to the families and to the country, as it can help save money on health care in the long run. Despite the possible negative effects it can have on the health of the ...

1. Task one critically reflect on the meaning of the flowing sentence " the key to seeing these infant initial seeking and feeding behaviors is to permit both mothers and baby to be calm, relaxed and interacting with each other, with no other agenda"

There are many factors which influence an infants feeding behavior and most of these factors are determined by the mother. Failure to maintaining a conducive environment for a child’s feeding behavior may result to poor feeding and hence child malnutrition. Once this occurs, the infant is prone to illnesses that are nutrition related. It is ...

Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

We experience development in various forms throughout our entire lives. Arguably, however, the most crucial development we experience takes place when we are first born. From infancy to a baby’s first birthday, it often does not appear that they do more than cry, eat, sleep, and lose control of their bodily functions. In reality, they begin learning about the world around them almost immediately. Many consider babies below this form of intelligence but, just the same, they experience physical, cognitive, and even social development as they age. Factors throughout their environment and genetic influences may impact how the ...

1.0 Introduction
The study of human development remains widely varied and complex, thus giving rise to many debates, controversies and issues. As each developmental theory tries to explain a limited area of development, the end result is a wide range of competing theoretical views leading to a major controversial issue of continuity vs. discontinuity. At the core of the controversy is whether human development is solely and evenly continuous or it consists of age-specific stages. The proponents, for instance the environmental or behavioral theorists, of the continuous model believe that development is a linear increase in abilities and competences ...

ABSTRACT

A mother's touch or her reaction to her infant's crying will affect how the way her child will bond or attach to her and the child's future relationship with others. Making this kind of determination enables authorities to come up with interventions and allow mothers to change their behavior and thus, become closer to their children and contribute to their positive development as adults.

Certainly man cannot live in milk alone,'' and so says developmental psychologist Harry Harlow in summing up the findings of his experiments that eventually changed the way people think about how mothers ...

Reaction

Infant mortality is one of the greatest worldwide problems. In a report prepared for CNN, Jeff Green (2006) states that “An estimated 2 million babies die within their first 24 hours each year worldwide and the United States has the second worst newborn mortality rate in the developed world.” Available statistical data is more than frightening. In terms of this paper we would like to focus our attention on risk factors and specific dangers that newborn babies face during their first year of life. In addition, we will discuss low-weigh birth babies and dangers they will have to ...

Introduction

The recent studies have shown that infant mortality has increased in the horn of Africa. The horn of Africa especially the refugees camps have one of the utmost infant mortality rates in Africa. Approximately almost 800 children die every year. The causes for these flabbergasting figures of mortality rate are many (Unicef, 2005). One of the main causes of these deaths is the failure to immunize infants against disease. There is, therefore, a need to come up with immunization programs that will work in hardy to reduce infant mortality in this region.

The purpose of the report and recommendation

The following report and recommendation are ...

Introduction

Through the years, circumcision of male infants occurs worldwide for a variety of reasons. The reasons range from; religious, medical, cultural and even personal preferences. Though it is a widely practiced ritual, recent debates have seen debates rise over its importance and necessity according to the Royal Australasian College of Physicians (2010), arguments arise on the ethical, and human rights issues, and health benefits of infant male circumcision. Circumcision is a safe procedure; however, in some cases, there may be minor or major complications. The process involves the surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis. Before the process, ...

Ethical issue: practicing defiant/ignorant promotional exercises of infant baby formula at the expense of breastfeeding in third world countries.

Context: Profitability vs. social concern
Facts
A baby should be breastfed exclusively during the first six weeks of its life.
Breast milk contains nourishing and immunity-giving components
Third world countries face low literacy levels, poverty and sanitation which affect safe administration of infant baby formula in babies by young mothers.

If action is taken to compel Nestle to act ethically:

The company will cease providing misleading information
The company will improve the quality of its products to avoid blame on any issues relating to consumption of its products

Mothers will follow advice from nutritionists and breastfeed babies instead of promotional adverts thereby reducing infant mortality rates

The company’s profits will dwindle initially
Adoption of factual promotional practices will regain people’s trust
Company reputation will increase ...

Introduction

Institutionalized care is often perceived as care outside the home. In developing as well as developed societies it could be formal or informal depending on the desires of parents along with prevailing psychosocial factors. It was my privilege to observe Institutionalized care at a renowned Infant Day Care are Center in ...

Infant Brain Development: From Conception to Age 3

Early development of the brain puts focus on the infants from the prenatal period to the age of three years. The present research indicates that the quality of the interactions children have as well as the experiences that they have determine these children’s emotional and social development as well as their intellectual development. The early years of a child are quite important in giving out prediction of the eventual child’s success in school and in life in general. According to Wiggins (2000), researchers have come to a ...

ABSTRACT

A combination of harmonic, melodic and rhythmical sounds make up music, which has now been used for centuries for a variety of medicinal purposes. The therapeutic intervention of using music to ease the pain in patients in various conditions has been used for a long time and has been shown to be effective in relieving pain. As an element of pain control, music has stirred an interest amongst various researchers to file exactly its effect in various health conditions in which patients may be experiencing. ...

Psychological, Social, and Moral Development of the Infant and Preschool Child

Both Jean Piaget and Erik Erikson emphasized that the children develop in the predetermined order. Specifically, the Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial development consists of distinct stages with possible results in every stage. The theory explains the successful completion in every stage that results to a healthy personality and interaction with others. In contrast, the failure to complete successfully leads to a reduced capability to complete the other stages resulting to more unhealthy personality and interaction with others. Additionally, Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development applies the different genders and cultures.

Psychosocial Stages of Infants (0-12 months)

Trust versus Mistrust
Preliminary, from birth to 12 ...