Essays on Survival

Personal identity has been variously defined. It mainly deals with matters that are connected to ourselves based on the idea of our being people. There is a broad literature of personal identity both in the Western, and Eastern philosophy and discussions have emerged in the recent past on our identity over the years. The concept of personal identity in psychology relied significantly on the version of relational memory criterion by Locke. The relational theory raised many objections. The theory argued that memory presupposes identity such that past experiences play an important role in a person’s identity. However, since Continue reading...

Is the survival rate in ‘sudden death’ cardiac patients increased

when automated external defibrillators are used?

Introduction

Synthesis of Literature: Studies 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5
- Aim of study
- Methodology
- Results
- Conclusion

Synthesis and Relevance to Research topic

Conclusion
- Summary Table

Is the survival rate in ‘sudden death’ cardiac patients increased

when automated external defibrillators are used?

Introduction

This literature review encompasses five studies relating evidence based practice regarding survival rates in ‘sudden death’ cardiac patients. These rates would be examined in relation to the use automated external defibrillators. Assessments of the research aims, methodology, results/ conclusions will be embraced.

Synthesis of Literature

Study 1
Aim
Comilla Sasson; Mary A.M. Rogers; Jason Dahl and Arthur L. Kellermann (2009) conducted a systemic review and Meta-Analysis pertaining Continue reading...

Introduction

There are various studies that have been carried out in the United Kingdom, Canada and the USA on the survival of new businesses in the region over a particular period of time. The last study conducted in the USA looked at the businesses formed during the boom period of the 1990’s till 2001. The research results data incorporated information from the Minnesota Department of Economic Security. The department had released a report examining firms that had been formed and survived or exited the industry in the year Continue reading...

Abstract

This research is about the reasons why there is continued survival of the North Korean Country despite the harsh domestic and International conditions that have affected it over the years. The paper highlights the various problems that the country has gone through over the years especially as a communist country. The paper then focuses on the different survival strategies that the country has relied on in an attempt to survive. First, the paper looks at the conventional military brinkmanship strategy. The paper then focuses on the use of diplomacy as used by North Korea as a survival strategy. Here Continue reading...

- Introduction
Radiations such as  - rays, UV rays, etc. have ionizing effects on tissues and have the ability kill cells and inactivate viruses. A detailed analysis of the survival of such cells and viruses are imperative in many fields, including radiation oncology, public health and environmental photobiology. However, the mathematical and statistical tools based on target theory in radiobiology are mentioned in literature (Alpen, 1988, Smith, 1989, Hall, 2000) and are wide in use in the analysis of experimental data involving biophysical mechanisms of the repair of radiation damage. This work demonstrates the use of probabilistic approaches in descriptions Continue reading...

Introduction

Waking up to a world filled with death, more so an apocalypse, a man, his wife and their son are left at as survivors of a burnt out earth through the firestorms from the sun. The wife, sensing the worst, decides to end her life at the very start. Left with the son and the world to overcome, the father decides to take the steps and considerable measures to make sure that the life of his son is protected and to make sure that they survive. Creativity in the novel is introduced by the writer through interlacing the daily Continue reading...

Abstract

HIV/AIDS pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa is an epidemic. This is the case because out of the word’s HIV/AIDS infected population, 70% of this population resides in the region. The objective of this study was to analyse the HIV survival rate in Turkana County, a vast and remote region found in the northern section of the Kenyan Rift Valley. The study involved a sample of 1074 subjects that were urban and selected randomly from the Turkana district hospital database. The major variables were death and the time taken for the subjects to succumb to the HIV/AIDS virus. In addition Continue reading...

How EMS and medicine community instruction on CPR can improve survival rates

Cardiac arrest refers to the abrupt cessation of cardiac pumping activity which is confirmed by the absence of one, a detectable pulse, two, signs of circulation, three, breathing and finally the lack of a response to stimulation. The immediate management for cardiac arrest entails chest compressions performed during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation that is delivery of shocks via a defibrillator to stop the ventricular fibrillation that prompted the cardiac arrest. CPR is an essential emergency measure which consists of a series of measures for delivering oxygenated blood to vital organs like the heart and the brain through artificial Continue reading...

Immunotherapy of Malignant Melanoma Using Dendritic Cells Vaccines

Abstract
5 research papers on dendritic cell (DC) vaccines for malignant melanoma (MM) were studied. Study designs, patient-specific vaccine preparation, pulsing of DCs and survival rates from different types of DC vaccines were analyzed. Patients with stages III and IV MM were included for trials in all the researches. DCs were pulsed with TRIMEL, tumor lysate, melanoma associated antigens: gp100, MART-1 and tyrosinase. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) was studied to determine effect of the antigen. A positive reaction was considered to be appearance of eythema at the injection site. Pulsed DCs were selected by cloning and selection. ELISPOT was Continue reading...

More than often, language has been considered as the most obvious form of human communication. This is because, the use of either oral, written or non-verbal - language in each and every society remain as the most refined and fundamental form of communication among individuals. In most cases, the use of language is wide as it fulfills a wide range of functions that are of high critical importance to both individual and social life (Tollefson 3). As a result, in all human ventures there exists a correlation between language as a tool used to negotiate, to articulate and create Continue reading...

Evolution – The Reality of Existence

This paper deals with two articles and two conversational scripts, each of which tries to emphasize the predominant role and the process of evolutionary development that dates back to our ancestors, and which cascades down to our own lives and plays a role in determining our current behavior and lifestyle.
The first article titled Potential Evolutionary Role for Same-Sex Attraction (Association for Psychological Science, 2010), published in the Science Daily on Feb 4, 2010, tries to highlight the role of human evolution in promoting homosexuality amongst men. The article -- based on the research findings of two evolutionary psychologists, Continue reading...

Middle Eastern Culture: Misapprehensions in the Media

1)
In disaster survival, preparation is vital. One must be equipped to handle all variables in a situation in order to navigate it effectively and safely. This is doubly true when encountering a disaster related to the undead. As relevant data shows, the undead pose a serious threat to human survival, specifically in urban settings, where higher populations make it easier to contract the affliction, thus create larger numbers of undead to avoid contact with (“Zombie Survival Tactics”). Preparing an effective survival kit is, perhaps, the most vital element to traversing the undead apocalypse alive, and in good health. Continue reading...

War as Human Nature

Any individual, who had paid even a little attention to human history, would acknowledge one specific tendency in its development – most of the time humanity spent in preparing to wars, fighting them and recovering from their consequences. Peace times were not even one third of the time of human existence. In this context, the topic of warfare and human beings was the oldest topic of all poetic and verse narrations. For ages, writer and poets were discussing cruelty, nobleness, heroism and destructions of war. They would pay attention to destinies of individuals in warfare, or consequences for society, or Continue reading...

How an Animal Cell Survives

Although the animal cell is similar in many ways to eukaryotic as well as some few eukaryotic cells, there are strikingly large differences between them, especially the requirements for survival in various environments (Baitsell, 2008). The animal cell is one of the members of eukaryotic cell category, whose structure is quite complicated by the organelles present as well as the diverse functions they play towards the survival of the cell and the organism in general (Solomon, Berg, & Martin, 2004). The cell structure is defined by a plasma membrane that bounds a number Continue reading...

Melanomas are tumors that arise from the melanocytes or the pigment cells (Mihajlovic et al. 739). A common form of melanoma is the primary mucosal melanoma that is found in the mucosal lining of the urogenital tract, respiratory tract and the gastrointestinal tract (Mihajlovic et al. 739). Primary malignant vaginal melanoma is one such type of mucosal malignant melanoma that is very rare (Lin et al. 376) and very aggressive in nature (Androutsopoulos et al. 1). The first case of primary malignant vaginal melanoma was reported in 1887 and modern literature has noted about 500 cases, globally (Chen et Continue reading...

INTRODUCTION

When most people think of the phrase, “survival of the fittest” they think of the African lion dominating his pride or the biggest and strongest muscle bound warrior that outfights all the others, they are most desired by the opposite sex, and seem to have a natural gift for success. However despite that popular interpretation, these ideals and image have very little to do with the true meaning behind the statement “survival of the fittest.” There is a misinterpretation about Darwin’s phrase, which it means something that it was never intended to infer. Firstly, “fittest” as it is Continue reading...

Abstract

Natural selection is the gradual process where biological traits are changed to become either more prominent or uncommon in a given population. Individuals who have certain trait variations may have better survival chances and having higher reproduction rate compared with those who lack such trait variations. This favors such a population to thrive more compared with others and eventually result to a new population that has evolved. This experiment aimed to demonstrate the power of a small advantage in causing evolution as a result of natural selection. The number of the unicorns in the population where all the colors Continue reading...

SURVIVAL AND SUBVERSION

In the immediate aftermath of the Civil War, the Federal government enacted the 13th Amendment freeing the slaves and the 14th Amendment, which granted African Americans citizenship. In 1870, the 15th Amendment was passed, which gave black males the right to vote. In a few short years after Lee’s surrender at Appomattox, African-American enfranchisement was the law of the land. And yet, in a vast region that had been conquered in a long and bloody war, social change was superficial. In practical terms, there was little difference between slavery and the world in which former slaves lived. Segregation Continue reading...

IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) describes that Utah Prairie Dog is a species of rodent that inhabits the grassland in the southern part of Utah in the United States. This species inhabit grassland areas and feed on grasses and forbs (USFWS 5) that are readily available in their habitat. Social structure of this species is called a clan consisting of an adult male, several females and their young (USFWS 5).
Historically, the habitat of Utah Prairie Dogs were reportedly extended from Pine and Buckskin valleys in Beaver and Iron counties, north to Salina Canyon and near Gunnison Continue reading...

Introduction

Cancer is a chronic disease in which there is out of control growth of cells. There are over hundred types of cancer, and each type is distinct with the rest in the sense that particular human cells are affected initially.Breast cancer affects the breast tissues, mostly the inner lining of the ducts or lobules supplying milk to ducts (Cedolini et al. 2014). Cancers having their origin in ducts are called duct carcinomas and those having their origin in lobules are referred as lobular carcinomas. Breast cancer is commonly prevailing and alarmingly high incidences of this disease in women all Continue reading...

Charles Robert Darwin was an English geologist and naturalist who lived between 1809 and 1882. He was born in a city called Shrewsbury, England in Shropshire County. Darwin was the fifth child in their family that had six children. His father, Robert Darwin, was a wealthy society doctor and also worked as a financier while their mother was known as Susannah Darwin. His grandfathers, Erasmus Darwin, from his father’s side and Josiah Wedgwood from his mother’s side were both prominent abolitionists (EGS 1). The two families were mainly Unitarian, although the Wedgwood’s family slowly started adopting Continue reading...

Pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common type of cardiomyopathy in children and accounts for the most heart transplantations in pediatric patients. Despite the progressive nature of the disorder and high mortality and morbidity rates, few studies aimed to investigate the etiology and treatments of children affected by dilated cardiomyopathy. Treatments for children are mainly adopted from studies aimed at adults without testing their effectiveness in pediatrics. Several studies were undertaken in recent years to learn whether adult-oriented evidence-based treatments for dilated cardiomyopathy are applicable to children.

Background

Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common form of cardiomyopathy in children. The Continue reading...

How to Improve the Psychological and Social Impact of Cancer in Patients and Family Members

Introduction
A diagnosis of cancer is one of the most frightening occurrences that are usually followed by a complete shock by the patients. Irrespective of the advancements in medical technology, cancer still continues to claim the deaths of many individuals across the globe. In fact, cancer diagnosis usually follows depression, anxiety, denial, disbelief and ultimately death. These ranges of impacts are usually attributed to the changes that the patients face regarding their fulfillment of family roles, changes in the body physique, pain and suffering and loss of control of their lives. A notable trend among the cancer patients is Continue reading...

In this paper, I will show and discuss two accounts of disability, and then I will build a main argument between these two accounts.

First: Boorse account:

Before discussing the loss or the disadvantage Boorse claims that disability -disease- creates, I should first state some notes about the Boorse account.
Boorse in his paper, Health as a theoretical concept (1977), discussed the notion of health and those disadvantages health will interpret he named diseases. Since we are looking for disability, the reader should assume that any disability term in this paper would be disease in Boorse account. In addition, there are some Continue reading...

Introduction

Being able to identify how predation and competition influence natural selection is essential in understanding the evolutionary ecology of a population of species. In predation, substandard individuals are inherently selected. By substandard these are the young, sick and physically unfit individuals. As a result, preys also evolve into a more resilient ones putting pressure also to the predators. This scenario reflects a coevolution of both predators and preys. In this study, we will examine the predatory-prey relationship and understand the dynamics involved in relation to environmental changes.

Methodology

Four different kinds of prey and five different kinds of predator were Continue reading...

Preterm or premature births pertain to births earlier than 38 weeks of gestation. The WHO (2013) estimates that each year around 15 million infants are born before 37 weeks. The preterm birth rate varies across 184 countries but range from 5-18% of all live births. On one hand, estimates show that approximately 75% of preterm mortality can be prevented even without intensive care interventions (WHO, 2013). On the other, prematurity has become the top cause of newborn mortality with over a million deaths every year which accounts for 35% of total newborn mortality (Lawn et al., 2012). Third world Continue reading...

In different societies in the world, the argument whether to be or not be vegetarian has caused a lot of controversies. The problem in this essay is whether the human race should stop eating meat or whether this practice is morally and ethically acceptable. The main argument presented by vegetarian individuals is that the average human being should be able to survive on a vegetarian diet that the nutritional needs can be met without resorting eating meat. Vegetarians usually base their argument on the moral and ethical implications of eating animal meat and that animals are caused suffering in Continue reading...

The Life of Pi is a fiction novel by Yann Martel that narrates the adventure experienced by the main character, Pi Patel, who survived in a shipwreck and found himself stranded in a lifeboat with a tiger named Richard Parker. I found this story unbelievable when I read of how Pi survived for a period that seemed like eternity with a wild tiger in a small lifeboat. What struck me most however is the main character`s ability to adapt to the harsh environmental conditions that were in existence at sea. For instance, Pi, who was a strict vegetarian Continue reading...

International Relations-The Problem of the Rise of China

Introduction This research paper explores the issues related to the rise of China as one of contenders for world supremacy in terms of economic and political dominance. In the twenty first century several countries have been considered to have the potential of being superpowers and China has been seen as one of them. It has experienced massive economic growth and political development. The growth in its economy has resulted from the large skilled workforce and the efficient technology that is used in production. This has been accompanied by the strong security within its borders and the formation of a Continue reading...

Abstract

Organ transplantation is an important life-saving procedure for those people, who have some problems in their organs. However, the problem of organ transplant rejection is an important issue in this case. In this problem, patient’s immune system starts rejecting the organ as a foreign body. This problem of rejection of the organ can be acute or become chronic. Several diagnostic procedures have also been developed to reduce the problem of rejection of an organ. Scientists have done a lot of research in this regard. Acute rejection needs immediate care. In order to reduce the problem, specialists will check Continue reading...

Abstract

Social development often comes with a series of problems that generally identifies the concept of survival of the residents of a particular domain. As for the United States and its people, such series of problems could be accounted against the emergence of gangs and the conflicting values they share with the government and the society as a whole. In the discussion that follows, a distinct presentation on how gangs developed in the country and how such history redefined the face of the American society shall be given attention to.

Gangs and Drugs in the United States

Introduction
The word ‘gang’ is simply noted as a term Continue reading...

Abstract

This paper describes and discusses the various types of human stem cells, including those in early-stage embryos (the blastocyst) and those present in adult tissue, explaining the practical uses of the various types in the medical field, where stem cells can be used to repair damaged tissue and organs. Although the adult stem cell types offer fewer possibilities for medical applications than the embryonic type, their use is less ethically controversial because it does not require destruction of a living albeit very early stage embryo. Research into stem cell applications is finding improved techniques. These include the treatment of Continue reading...

Wilms tumor

Wilms Tumor
Introduction
Wilms Tumor or otherwise nephroblastoma is a rare form of kidney cancer that is often diagnosed on children more than on adults. The medical condition was first identified and described by the German surgeon named Dr. Max Williams (1867-1918) (Nordqvist, 2010). Although the tumor is often the most malignant among children particularly during the age three to four years old, but there are cases where both kidneys are affected. In the United States, there are about 500 cases of Wilms tumor reported, with almost 90% of the sufferers survive at least five more years (Nordqvist, 2010). Continue reading...

http://www.iiss.org/en/publications/survival/sections/2013-94b0/survival--global-politics-and-strategy-june-july-2013-532b/55-3-04-choong-a0c9
This articles contains political issues and the foreign policies in Japan. The issues relating to resentful realism in improving regional and global security. This article contains Abe’s revisionist views concerning the history of Japan and the global role in the world of politics. The article also contains the issues relating to post war political system. The article relates too issues which are concerns the relations between Japan and Korea. The issues concerning enslavement of the women by the Japanese Imperial Army during the Second World War.
This article contains the effects of the conservative government which may Continue reading...

Abstract

Aims: To evaluate the outcomes of NIV versus invasive mechanical ventilation in COPD patients.
Data Source: Relevant articles were identified from the following journals CHEST, Respiratory Care, European Respiratory Journal, Annals of Internal Medicine, and AHC Media.
Study selection: The articles identified consisted reports of two randomized controlled trials and three review articles which investigated the outcomes of NIV versus mechanical ventilation in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD, weaning of COPD patients on mechanical ventilation, and nocturnal management of COPD.
Data extraction: The study reviewed meta-analytic reviews, prospective randomized control trials, and retrospective observational studies. The various studies Continue reading...

When the Past and Present Collide - Can One Speak of World Civilizing?

Looking back into millennia of human history, historians and academics in general are keen to view the process of human development as evolution and progression. In this context, academics are likely to argue that the world is moving towards civilizing and subsequent improvement of inter-human relations. This statement has its reasons for existence, and, in fact, the experience of the last century has proved that total war would simply mean annihilation of human being from the face of the Earth. On the other hand, interpersonal conflicts remained an every-day reality of contemporary societies. Another argument against pacification of human Continue reading...

Introduction

The main objective of this paper is to apply statistical techniques learned in the course. For the purposes of the current paper Bank of America was chosen. The Bank experienced hard times during mortgage crisis of 2007-2008. The statistical techniques proposed in this paper are earmarked for reduction of mortgage risk. An implementation plan for application chosen statistical technique was developed. Statistical technique will be applied according to timetable that was enclosed in the paper. Also, there were financial, human, technical, and other resources identified for the implementation plan. The implementation plan contains the information needed for application the Continue reading...

Essay Question No. 1 -

The Holocaust, more than any other event in modern history, is important for the witnesses who lived to bear testimony to Nazi genocide. The sheer mind-boggling numbers involved tend, over time, to separate people who were not there from what really mattered, from what happened and what it was like on a very personal level. Firsthand accounts of survival in Primo Levi’s highly personal novel, and the stories assembled in the collections of Ed Niewyk, and Carol Rittner and John Roth are testaments not only to survival but to the determination of survivors to tell the story, so Continue reading...

In the recent past, exceptionally premature babies have been dying at a very higher rate. It is assumed that they only have 50% chance of survival. Newborns are also in this mix as they are at bigger jeopardy of developing complications in future (Whitfield & Peters, 2004). To prevent this, both the infants and the premature babies are usually kept in incubators until they are stable. In cases where the new born is stable and does not need incubators, Kangaroo Mother Care is used. This involves a direct skin-to-skin contact between mother and the new born. One of the main Continue reading...

The history of human evolution has always been a heated topic for debate; many theories abound as to what factors led to the evolution of apes into man, using the concepts of trait adaptation, among others, to help explain why we became what we became. There are those who believe that the major contributing factor was the development of language, or the forming of groups with hierarchical structures. Others believe that the development of monogamy as a social concept is the most important factor leaving to the evolution of humanity. However, it is my concerted belief that the most Continue reading...