Essays on Substrate

Abstract

The aim of the experiment is to plot the calibration curve for deteremination of antigen 4D5 by performing ELISA experiment. The primary antibody was blocked by bovine serum albumin, then it reacted with IgG (secondary antibody). Then, the system was washed with carbonate, blocking and substrate buffers. Three replicate experiments were performed, and the experiment was performed with the serial dilutions. By measuring the optical density of the diluted solutions, the calibration line was obtained and the region with the linear dependence “concentration – optical density” was determined. The callibaraion line can be used for the practical tasks: for detecting ...

THE SCIENCE OF FOOD

Cancer and nutrition – good nutrition is very important in the management of cancer and thus healthy eating habits are encouraged during this period. Tumors that develop in the stomach or intestines may, however, affect the way the body uses the food that is ingested and may not absorb all the food, although the patient may be seen to be eating enough food. The side effects that may affect eating when one has cancer include vomiting, dry mouth, constipation, mouth sores, loss of appetite among others. Nutrition therapy is advised for cancer patients to help maintain a good quality life ...

1. a. The pKa value of an amino acid is an indication of how strong or weak an amino acid is, based on the said acid’s dissociation constant. An amino acid that has a high pKa value is weaker than on that has a low pka value. Given that an acid’s dissociation constant is Ka, the pKa value is given by the formula: pKa = -log10Ka pH = pKa + log ([A-]/[HA]),It follows that for Cys12, 7.4= 7.2 + log([Cys-]/[HCys]) 7.4-7.2 = log([Cys-]/[HCys]) 0.2 = log([Cys-]/[HCys]) 100.2= Cys-/HCys Therefore, Cys-/HCys = 10-4Similarly, ...

Introducing the Microorganism

Candida albicans is a human microbiome member. It is opportunistic in nature and exists as a non- harmful resident of the genitourinary tract in 70% and of oral cavity in 75% of humans. It has shown opportunistic behaviour leading to infections in case of individuals whose immune system is compromised (immunocompromised). C. albicans is mainly responsible for 2 types of infection: superficial candidiasis like vulvovaginal or oral infections and systemic life-threatening infections. C. albicans has been observed to cause vulvovaginal candidiasis in approximately 75% of women. C. albicans is an obligate and diploid organism possessing 8 pairs of chromosomes, ...

Microbial fuel cells are devices that employ bacterial or other microbial cells to generate electricity (Singh, Pratap, Baranwal, Kumar and Chaudhary, 2010). Cells generally carry out electron transfer and oxidation-reduction reactions during normal metabolic activities. Electrons generated during these reactions can be made to flow through an external circuit to generate current. Fig 1. Depicts a typical MFC. The anodic compartment consists of microbial culture in glucose or other medium (Singh et al, 2010). Wastewater can also be used as a substrate source for microbes in a MFC intended for effluent treatment application. The microbial cells breakdown complex substrates ...

Introduction about the Company

Honeywell is one of the globally leading US-based conglomerates, with earning revenue of $23.65 billion, as per 2001 available figures. It has numerous products, used in multiple areas of different industry segments and production facilities in all corners of the world. Aerospace is Honeywell’s leading industry segment where its experience of the line benefits the customers all around the world. Otherwise, Honeywell’s technology product range is quite varied. It is a leader in the manufacturing of technology products. Customers around the globe depend on Honeywell for its aerospace control technologies used in towers, houses and industry; automotive ...

Flat roofs are roofing systems with the slop less than 10 degrees. This construction allows to use them as living space. Flat roofs exist for centuries, and people developed different types of covering for these systems. There are several most popular decisions with own advantages and features. TPO. These are single-ply roof membranes made from thermoplastic olefin or ethylene propylene rubber. TPO membranes have “resistance to ozone, are algae-resistant, environmentally friendly and safe to install” (roofhelp.com, n. d.). The typical thickness of TPO sheets varies from 40 to 100 mils. Constructors use hot air to seal seams between sheets. ...

Scientific Report

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Abstract

The experiment was performed to analyze the outcomes of temperature on the ability of fungal and bacterial amylase to breakdown starch to maltose. Therefore, the study will reveal the optimal temperature for amylase activity. The initial steps include preparing the materials and tools used during the experiment. A timetable for comparing temperature and function was generated. Test tubes and plates were properly labeled. Iodine was needed for every spot plate so that the fungal amylase, bacterial amylase, fungal amylase and the starch solution can be added to the iodine in a time and temperature dependent fashion. Observing ...

Background

Early scientists and nutritionists believed that the most vital nutrient in living organisms, for building and maintaining the body was the protein. The role of proteins as enzymes came into existence several years later. This was around 1926 when experiments showed that enzymes were proteins. Insulin was the first protein to be sequenced. Hemoglobin was the first structure of proteins to be resolved. Myoglobin was then resolved later.

X-ray diffraction analysis (X-ray crystallography) led to the determination of the structure of the proteins (three-dimensional structure). The purification of proteins can be made possible from cellular compounds. Several methods have ...

1. Introduction

Computer hard disk drives are storage devices for digital data. The digital data is stored on high-speed rotating magnetic surfaces. They are non-volatile and use the random access technique to access data stored on them. It consists of fast rotating discs which have magnetic surfaces onto which data is stored. They are permanently mounted on the computers and cannot be easily detached like floppy disks. It is known as hard disk drive as both the disk and the drive are contained inside the same unit. The costs of hard disk drives have fallen in the last few years and ...

Introduction

Crude acid phosphatase from wheat germ can be isolated by gentle aqueous extraction of pulped wheat germ to provide an enzyme-rich and vitamin-rich liquor, containing amongst other things Vit E, Vit B1 (thiamine), Vit B6 (pyridoxine), Vit B2 (riboflavin) and Vit B3 (niacin). This is generally spray dried at low temperatures and the dried product (fine powder) is sold as wheat germ extract.

The enzyme acid phosphatase is ubiquitous in nature and wheat germ provides a convenient source. It is a non-specific esterase utilising a variety of phosphate esters. It exists in three isoforms (I, II and Ill), each having pH optima ...