Essays on Health

Question 1

Fiduciary Relationship

A patient in a comatose state presents to the physician with diabetes and high blood pressure. The patient needs mechanical ventilators, dialysis machines and artificial hydration to prolong life. The doctor is informed by the patient’s wife that the patient had previously indicated that he never wanted mechanical ventilation if he fell ill. The doctor is presented with the conflict of interest on the basis of the principle of respect for patient’s autonomy. On the hand, the doctor can ascertain that it is in the best interest of the patient to put him on the ...

Introduction

Cognitive disorders are those which often affects elderly people especially those who are above the age of 65. In this kind of a disorder there is a significant change in the manner an individual behaves and functions. The function of the brain is impacted in cognitive disorders and hence this may have severe impact on the physical and mental functioning of an individual affected by such ailment.

Impact of cognitive disorders on the elderly

Elderly people suffering from cognitive disorders like dementia, Alzheimer’s ...

While many scholar psychologists argue that abstinence is perhaps the only viable way of treating drug addiction, other scholars have demonstrated that controlled use of alcohol and the addictive drug can also provide a realistic solution to the problem. It is paramount for stakeholders to agree that drug addiction is a treatable condition. However, treating drug related syndromes requires that the treatment model is tailored to the needs of the victims. One way of administering this treatment model is by allowing the victims to control their condition and live normal and productive lives. I think that drug and substance ...

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is the virus that causes AIDS, a condition that affects over 33 million people worldwide. When HIV enters the body, it attacks the immune system by destroying CD4 positive (CD4+) T cells, a type of white blood cell vital to fighting off various infections, and it eventually overwhelms the immune system's capacity to regenerate or to fight other infections. HIV can also affect bystander cells with toxic byproducts (AEGIS, 2012). Scientists believe HIV came from a similar virus that first occurred in some populations of chimps and monkeys in Africa, where they're hunted for food. ...

Interest in Health Care

Health care has been a source of controversy in the United States. Many policy makers and think tanks have argued that the current status of health care in the United States needs a lot of improvement. A section of policy makers have opted for the initiation of more reform in the section lead to major legislation in both legislative houses like the Obama care bill. Though there is a split among policy makers about the exact framework that should be adopted in streamlining the health care, one of the things that remains paramount is the fact that there is ...

In the study conducted at the Presbyterian Hospital, there were several differences and similarities in the information needs of nurses and physicians in the New York based hospital. The physicians and nurses are two different groups of professional workers at the hospital whose duties are not very much different. The study was aimed at identifying the information needs as well as communication patterns of the two sets of healthcare employees. The perceptions of the two sets of professionals about how the information requirements relate to medical related errors was the main focus of the study.

The information needs of ...

Leadership and motivation is an essential element for every organization. This ensures proper co-ordination among organizational individuals, reliable communication system, proper usage of resources, and ample working environment. Good and motivational leadership, also, plays a key role in ensuring ample working environment. PLIS aids in assessing the principle of ethical leadership.

Perceived leadership integrity scale (PLIS)

PLIS identifies the behaviors that contribute to the impression of a leader’s integrity. The co-workers of a leader use the PLIS to measure the ethical behaviors that, when acted according to the rule, would produce a positive result. A low score on the PLIS indicates the co-worker’ ...

Abbey St. Claire Quality Care Services and Certifications is a home health care company that provides medical services that include, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and nursing from medical professionals who qualified and competent to handle other services such as bathing and eating.

For the sake of records, the company has compiled an extensive records and information that provides details of funding and state dealings. For many consumers, the cost of home healthcare warrants a proactive planning that weighs on the budget and income level. Abbey St. Claire Quality Care Services and Certifications charge a high of their visits a ...

Medicalization growth is the process by which certain aspects of life that were initially not part of health care become medical problems. Biomedicalization is the current process of medicalization that is undergoing constant transformation influenced by new social forms and practices of technology in medicine. New technoscientific innovations transform how health care institutions are managed and how they offer their services. Clinical innovations such as new methods of diagnosis and treatment, bioengineering, and evidenced based medicine are core of biomedicalization. A wide range of knowledge that is now ...

Health Information Systems is a discipline that connects computing and information technology and health care practices and research. Computer hardware, software and communication equipment, forming a complex network. It entails the resources, equipment and means of obtaining, storing, retrieving and analyzing information in the health sector. This involves use of programmed systems to manage health information and securely exchange it between patients, health institutions, insurers and even government agencies. This interaction will improve value, safety and effectiveness of health delivery. These health information systems will find application in multiple healthcare disciplines including nursing, public health, pharmacy, pathology and dentistry.

Increased and consistent adaptation and usage of Health Information Systems in the above named disciplines will improve the quality of healthcare, decrease healthcare costs, increase managerial efficiencies, increase access to cheap healthcare and also avert medical errors. These systems will monitor chronic diseases while outbreaks of infectious diseases will be detected and contained in time.

Health Information Systems trace their roots to the second half of the 20th century when computer usage began and started increasing. Universities in Germany, France, Netherlands and Belgium dedicated departments and training programs in health informatics during early 1960s. In the U.S and Poland, these research units started in the 1970s. Health informatics has experienced massive investments in manpower and infrastructure and continues to advance as technology advances. The United States National Bureau of Standards used digital computers for dental projects symbolizing the earliest use of computers in medicine. Other agencies were to follow suit later, and many publications would follow with a view to introducing medics to computing methods. They included 1959’s “Reasoning Foundations of Medical Diagnosis” by Lesley and Lee B. Lusted. This has resulted in a rapidly growing community of health informatics in the Americas and European Union nations.

In mid 1960s at the Massachusetts General Hospital’s Computer Science Laboratory, the MUMPS programming language was developed for clinical application. MUMPS is an acronym for (Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System). The MUMPS operating system supported the specifications of this language. As recently as 2004, a version of this system was still in use, in hospitals like the U.S Veterans Affairs Hospital. This hospital’s system has an electronic medical record. It also has a graphical user interface that allows different providers to assess and update patients’ e-records at any of their branches. This underlines the relevance of integrating communication technology to modern healthcare.

With time, both information communications technology and healthcare have advanced tremendously. This can be attributed to increasing opportunities and challenges witnessed in the past, currently and certainly in the future. Medical scholars have come up with noteworthy factors that have and will continue to manipulate healthcare systems and health informatics at large. Trends and factors with the most significant clout on current health information systems include:

1. Pressure to manage healthcare costs: Need to suppress operational costs as much as possible is of top priority since most healthcare providers are profit-making institutions. This will see corporate restructuring in favor of lean and effective workforces. Increased use of health information systems will see more low-grade employees laid off as these systems take over their jobs. These measures will cut across the board and affect both managerial and medical staff that will be rendered jobless.

According to a report by Price Waterhouse Coopers' Health Research Institute (Needles in a haystack: Seeking knowledge with clinical informatics), 52% of health providers said that informatics will help reduce costs by increasing patient involvement in their own preventive care. 85% of Health insurers believed that preventable hospital visits and admissions would be reduced drastically by health informatics. This implies reduced costs for not only the health providers but also for the patients. Cost controls will undoubtedly affect all healthcare disciplines, including but not limited to, dentistry, medical research, nursing and pharmacy.

2. Increasingly complex disease handling technologies will depend on the presence of reliable and efficient health information systems. Efforts to improve treatment procedures covering all ailments increase by the day. With the emergence of new diseases and drug resistant strains of existing ones, the need for investment in research cannot be underestimated. As clinicians and medical researchers develop new tools to counter these diseases, computer technologies will come in handy. They will help carry out extensive online research on diseases and medicines, record and store the findings safely and share this knowledge with other researchers over the internet. Computer programs and simulations will help monitor costs, efficiencies and outcomes of these researches. Such programs will help predict how commercially viable the products will be. They will also establish whether similar research has ever been carried out and their success rate.

Biomedical research, pharmacy and pathology are major casualties of how treatments and handling of diseases are administered. This is because they are intimately related to either the medicine used in the treatment or to the causes and nature of the diseases.

3. Introduction of powerful electronic gadgets like personal digital assistants (PDAs) will tremendously manipulate the healthcare systems. PDAs are minute and portable electronics devices that can store and transmit information. First and foremost, these equipments have multiple uses and will be bought for other reasons like entertainment and communication.

This factor will increase their client base hence a wider acceptance and purchase by a majority of the population. If effective voice recognition and reliable wireless communication systems are integrated, access to health services will be much increased.

For instance, a PDA installed with dietary software can be used for accurate self monitoring, as opposed to paper records which are cumbersome when checking on weight. PDAs can also be used by persons with diabetes for self-care especially the elderly who live alone or have no reliable helper. Also, patients can follow digital videos displayed on PDAs to carry out routine procedures. An article from the American Sexually Transmitted Diseases Association “Personal Digital Assistants Used to Document Compliance of Bacterial Vaginosis Treatment” concluded that PDAs accurately documented compliance rates hence can reliably assess compliance in drug or contraceptive trials.

The use of these gadgets will affect the healthcare fields like nursing and pharmacy that are concerned with administering of drugs and taking records for each patient.

Works Cited

Burke, Lillian, and Barbara Weill. Information Technology for the Health Professions. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005. Print.
Reilly, Edwin D. Milestones in Computer Science and Information Technology. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 2003. Print.
Pantazi, Stefan, Felicia Pantazi, and Karen Daly. "Clinical informatics in undergraduate teaching of health informatics.." Studies in health technology and informatics 164 (2011): 58-63. Print.

SARS Disease Outbreak

The SARS disease outbreak occurred in 2003 when the World Health Organization issued a global alert on the disease that was similar to pneumonia (Wei et al., 2009). Similar cases were experienced in China, Vietnam, Thailand, Taiwan, Indonesia, Philippines, and Thailand. Other countries affected included Germany, United States, and Canada. The disease spread from Beijing leading to an outbreak in Tianjin city. According to Wei et al., (2009), 175 probable cases of SARS were reported. This included 21 deaths. The transfer of patients from one hospital to another stimulated the spread of the disease. A patient that was suspected ...

How systems theory can be used to propel the field of public health to the next level.

Improving people’s health entails understanding and changing societal functions and structures, while at the same time countervailing forces that undermine these changes. This, in turn, reflects the adaptive intricacy inherent in public health systems (Von Bertalanffy, 2004). Due to the changing times, improving public health will need a greater understanding of the intricate adaptive systems that are involved in both instigating and cracking public health concerns. For instance, containing and preventing the pandemic influenza will require partnership across a wide array of fields and disciplines, including global reconnaissance to prevent further outbreaks. There is also need for prompt ...

The current united state healthcare is not very good. There are many problems that the citizens of the United States face as a result of the poor condition of the healthcare. In the first place, a high percentage of the people in the United States have no insurance cover such that they cannot receive treatment sometimes due to the fact that they cannot afford. The other problem is that the healthcare is very expensive and therefore many people end up not accessing the Medicare care they deserve. In addition, these high costs make it difficult for the citizens to ...

The negative effects of some global economic practices on the planet and society’s health prompted voluntary organizations to establish frameworks that aim at standardizing CSR initiatives (Benn & Bolton, 2011). There is a lack of a worldwide-standardized CSR governance structure and the voluntary organization frameworks attempt to come up with these structures. A challenge that would undermine the goal of voluntary organization networks and similar initiatives is the political interference of corporations in the implementation of policies that would negatively affect their business returns.

Fooks et al. (2011), reports that since the year 2000, the British American Tobacco (BAT) ...

Introduction

Infectious diseases have been affecting humans since diseases and germs were discovered. No sophisticated antibiotics or antiviral medications were available to treat neither disease nor epidemiological records to trace ...

Introduction

Central Intelligence Agencies are capable of making predictions about terrorist attacks in communities. However, accuracy of predictions is always the greatest challenge. The same is true of weather reports that foretell earth quakes, tornadoes, flooding, hurricanes, fires, and the list can become expansive. This is why emergency response management is so essential in disaster preparedness for communities. Therefore, the community health nurse must be ...

Experts in mental health use DSM-IV-TR system of classification to label and diagnose treatment for their patients. This classification has been universally accepted by all mental health experts because it is thought to be beneficial and accurate in diagnosis and determination of treatment approaches. However, the system of diagnosing and labeling mental health patients has been criticized by some experts who claim the method is harmful to patients. The DSM-IV-TR approach of labeling and diagnosing mental patients is beneficial and has been used successfully to treat mental health patients. However, this approach is ineffective in some cases and can ...

Introduction

Quality of life and functioning relates to fulfillment of low level demands for life as outlined in Maslow’s hierarchy of basic human needs theory. It is the ability to acquire and enjoy fresh air as well as breathe efficiently. Also, it is to articulate one’s existence into self-actualization, which is the peak of successful living (Maslow, 1954 ). Therefore, in discussing this case study regarding the quality of life to be envisioned by a community health nurse for this ...

Introduction

This presentation outlines a community assessment conducted at South Ozone Park, Queens, New York. It would entail a description of the community; display and explanation of data; designing of a genogram; interpretation of important features portrayed in the diagram and making a community diagnosis.

A.1: Community Description-South Ozone Park, Jamaica, Queens, New York

South Ozone Park is geographically located at the southeastern boundary of Queens’ borough. This awesome development aroused out of low class housing projects in the 1990s. On the north of its magnificently ...

Sample portion of an emergency plan

Emergency planning is a very important part of public health intervention. It relates to keeping citizens safe when disaster occurs or developing a preventative strategy. This document will discuss the necessity of an emergency plan in communities and how they must be emerging from the background of a needs assessment. Fort Drum, New York is the community identified for this research and a sample emergency plan will be developed based on the evaluation of needs for that community.

Public Health: Emergency Planning Sample EOP

Introduction

Developing and maintaining emergency operation plans is a public health responsibility. Therefore, communities ought to always design measures either to ...

Research asserts that Health Information Management (HIM) is a critical profession which resides along various legal, moral and ethical issues (Morrison, 2008). Therefore, HIM professionals are likely to face various challenges, which are closely correlated to ethical, legal and moral dilemmas. This proves that the legal system plays a crucial part in the procedures which are involved in medical facilities. This includes the way the nurses in a health facility take care of patients. Nowadays, an individual can easily file a suit against a health practitioner, health facility or even companies, which produce medical products and equipments in case ...

Indirect Health care cost of obesity

Total Cost of obesity

In this research presentation the author will discuss how obesity in United States of America impact health care costs. This topic will be approached from the perspective of direct and indirect costs. Direct cost is related to treating obesity as a health disorder in itself without accompanying complications. Indirect costs emerge from associating medical conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, heart failure and arthritis among other serious diseases medical science is now discovering. These add up to what can be considered the total health care costs of obesity in United ...

The ethical issue which this paper wants to address is the normative set up in the patient doctor relationship. This is a highly paternalistic model. In this set up, doctors are the experts in medicine. Most patients have only scant and dependable medical knowledge. Hence, the overall trust in one’s medical practitioner is focal to the medical process and doctors carry the main responsibility for the patient’s wellness. The sole duty to decide on every crucial medical evaluations and decisions relies on them.

The patient-doctor patient relations must be a two-way street between the patient and the ...

Q. 1. Why have private pension plans grown so rapidly since the 1940s?

Although the formal introduction of private pension was made a hundred years ago, it is only in 1940 that the private pension industry has emerged as a major social and economic driving factor in the economy. The early pension plans were initiated by large companies between 1900s to 1940 and some of them were implemented through the help of labor unions. However, most of the companies are not in favor of idea, thus making private pension discretionary and, therefore, unfunded and noncontributory. The growth of the ...

Significant characteristics of a disease

Virulence is a term that describes “the capacity of a microbe to cause disease after infection”. It is a multifaceted phenomenon is dependent on the “context and nature of the interaction between the host and the microbe.” The number of fatalities that occur as a result of infection by a given pathogen is used as a measure of the virulence. Based on this parameter, the Ebola virus would therefore be considered to be highly virulent as compared to small pox. Give that research has provided better understanding of pathogens thus led to the development of potent forms of therapy; ...

Drug and substance abuse is a significant problem in the workplace. It is estimated that approximately 70% of illegal drug users are employed and of all working adults, 7% are heavy drinkers (Wickizier et al., 2004; Slavit & Reagin, 2009). In this paper, the issues relating to on-job drug use, employer responsibility in assisting drug-addicted employees and the type of workplace programs effective in curbing this vice will be explored.

Body

On workplace issues related to substance use, empirical evidence suggests that substance abuse is strongly correlated with the risk for occupational accidents and injury, absenteeism, turnover, reduced productivity and disciplinary ...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome is a life threatening condition that is caused by a virus from the Coronaviridae family. The SARS virus is believed to have originated from the Guangdong province of southern China before spreading to Hong Kong, Canada and the United States of America. The virus has an incubation period of 2 to 7 days but it may last up to 10 days. Like other respiratory disease, SARS is spread through direct contact; long range and short range. The major agent of transmission is the droplet nuclei. The symptoms of the disease include: fever, chills, malaise, cough, ...

A Johari window is an excellent exercise which can be done with the help of two or more people in order to improve a relationship or interpersonal communication. This methodology is extremely helpful in creating a proper channel of communication and identifying and bridging the gaps. This exercise will also conduct an analysis based on Johari Window technique and will also interpret the results, in order to create a better understanding of a chosen personal relationship.

I have met my best friend Roger and have discussed with him about our friendship and how close he has been to me ...

Basal metabolism is the cumulative amount of energy that is spent by all animals at rest. For humans, rest hereby implies existing in a neutral self-controlled environment in a post absorptive state. On the other hand, physical activity is the movement of the body that is produced by the skeletal muscle and it requires energy expenditure for it to occur. Contrariwise, thermic effect of food, also referred to as TEF is the amount of energy that animals require above the basal metabolism following the demands by food processing and food storage. Basal metabolism is highly increased for Ken. In ...

Our organization has been subdivided through the identification of social stratum. This means that the organization as a whole has been subdivided into groups of individuals who play various roles within the organization. Each of the individuals in these groups is vital for the good running and continued existence of the organization. As a group, the organization has a sense of cohesion and use of rules, which is highly encouraged. Both formal and informal organization is applied in this organization while maintaining a diverse nature in the organization (Wang, 2005). Formal organization is practiced here because many people are ...

Introduction

Taekwondo is a sport which originated as a form of martial arts in the ancient Korean states which were divided into three. It was basically used as a means of combating fighting skills among the soldiers but it was later adopted as a sport. The sport usually employs heavy use of fist and foot as well as flexibility. There have been claims that this sport heavily impact on the physical fitness of a person as well as health of the person. The popularity of the sport has spreads to over 180 countries in the world with about 80 ...

Question 1:

The board and the executive leadership team of Northwestern memorial hospital should respond to the finding of the Illinois court case as discussed hereunder:

Provena Covenant Medical Center “relies on private physicians to fill its medical staff.” This is through utilizing numerous third party providers in order to deliver other services at the hospital. These include but are not limited to lab, laundry, pharmacy, MRI/CT services. Despite this being a non-profit motivated institution, some of the services were provided for a fee/profit under disguise. Therefore the executive leadership and the board of Northwestern memorial hospital should bind itself with ...

Placing a cap on “Pain and Suffering” in tort actions is essential; this is because there are many cases that arise from tort actions. Tort action is in itself a civil action or injury that does not arise from a contract. The law for such action provides for some outline of money damages. The actions arise from accidental laws like personal injury and negligence. This calls for a cap on the tort actions regarding pain and suffering. Reforms are needed, for proposals and enactment, to have a clear outset of the nature of tort actions.

The laws that are ...

Arguably, child growth and development is very important crucial for the entire life. In society, every individual has the responsibility to adhere proper growth and development of toddlers. Family is the immediate socializing agent to any child; hence, parents and members of the family play a significant role in supporting the child’s spiritual development and growth. In this case, parents and family members employ various strategies to achieve the ultimate objective of raising an upright child. Every parent in the world today has the objective of raising a well-adjusted, rounded, and productive child. Family members do their best ...

1. Community Description

The field work of the research paper was performed in the Queens County, New York where I live. The Queens County is located in the eastern part of the city of New York and it is considered to cover the largest area covering an area of 283 square kilometers. It is also second largest in terms of population size. Queens County is geographically located in the Long Island western part together with its neighboring county that is Brooklyn. The county is an urban area which consists ...

End of life palliative care can be a stressful, even traumatic time for not only dying residents, but also for families and the medical staff working with them. Fortunately, there is much staff can do to alleviate stress. In my own experiences as a Health Care Assistant in a nursing home, I have helped residents, families, and other staff members deal with this difficult segment of life through palliative care, and I have learned much from them as well.

Working and Interacting With Others in Palliative Care

Making sure that dying residents and their family have as stress-free an experience as possible is extremely important as a ...

Hypothetically, evidence and theory are alike. However, they are not the same in practice. Evidence-based practice has acquired eminence over most theoretical techniques in a number of fields, particularly in the sphere of health care. Both practices share the mutual objective of making the correct decisions and finding the most efficient solution for an identified difficulty. However, the two practices posses some underlying philosophical distinctions (Gilles, 1998).

Features

The distinction between the two practices can be traced to an ancient rift frequently found in philosophy and science, rationalism versus empiricism. Rationalists claimed that their senses are limited and that they ...

Trainer certifications are necessary legal requirements for a person who wishes to start training other people. These trainings involve body fitness and mind building. Personal trainer certification is required for one to be certified professional in giving exercise prescriptions and instructions (Bates, 2008). Trainers are supposed to motivate their clients during exercises and set some goals they are supposed to achieve at the end of the exercise. There are different certifications in the United States of America which are authorised by law to give certificates to qualified individuals.

One of these certifications is the National Strength and Conditioning Association ( ...

A union is an important part of any labor workforce. It encourages a two-way form of communication between the employer and the employees who are usually also members of a particular labor or otherwise known as a workforce union. Now, there are some things that a pre-made union leader may consider and take before finally being able to form a new labor union. Almost all general principles applied in a normal union can be applied to the Healthcare Administration setting. However, it has to be remembered that the differences between the nature of the job of one industry and ...

1. Components of Metaparadigm

There are a number of factors that influenced the nursing theorists when it came to the definition and description of the metaparadigm components. In order to understand these factors, it is important to start by understanding and identifying these metaparadigm components. To start with, it is important to have a complete overview and understanding of the person (who is in this case the client for example a patient). Understanding the person societal, psychological, physical as well as physiological variables that might affect him is therefore important (George, 2011). Secondly, the environment in which ...

The need for an insurance plan is necessitated with the need to have timely and proper medical care in the event of an illness or an accident. In this respect, there are three basic types of health insurance medical plans that are utilitarian in serving different purposes. These health insurance medical plans can be differentiated from one another with regards to their salient features. This paper canvases the differences between Preferred Provider Organization (PPO), Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) and Point of Service (POS) plans. The paper also seeks to institute some of the pros and cons of ...

The skyrocketing per capita Medicare spending is accelerated by aging population, fraud, and healthcare cost. These progressively accumulate unfunded liabilities threatening the sustainability of Medicare programs.

The aging population is susceptible to chronic or acute illness making them to fall sick quite often making the elderly population to demand more medical services than the younger generation for example in 2002 Canada used approximately $8,208 per year per elderly persons and $1,428 per year per persons below the age of 65. As the medical costs increases with age, the cost of medical services given to the aged people ...

Part I

What is being done to address the issues you identified?

Ageism is a major problem that affects the elderly individuals in society. Usually, these people are treated with a lot of prejudice where in society; people look down on them and treat them as if they are not part of that society. There is also the issue of discrimination at work places. The old people are not given much attention because they are thought to be slow, ineffective and lazy. This puts them at a very high risk of being laid off from work. They are usually not considered for promotions since they are thought to be conservative. The media also gives a bad image of the old people. Most of the mass media refer to the elderly as people who are helpless and are dependent on the other people in society. This creates a wrong mentality towards these people. Therefore, the law now allows the elderly people to have equal rights at work, which protects them from being fired or mistreated.
The elderly people in society are also likely to face social problems. The elderly people are very much likely to be lonely and isolated.

This is because most of their peers have passed away or are confined to similar conditions of loneliness or solitude. When people retire from work, their social activity reduces significantly. They become more or less idle and as their bodies become weak and sickly, they become confined to their homes where they are likely to have no company. These isolation and social issues usually lead to depression which could lead to serious implications like death. Therefore, the elderly people can now be taken to social centers where old people are maintained and taken on holidays to avoid isolation and neglect.

When the elderly people retire from work, their bodies are usually weak and prone to disease. The health issues become more common because of weak immunity and less activity. When they are retired, they also do not have a steady source of income which will result into financial problems. This is being helped by providing health services for the old people as well as providing necessities for those who are in need.

Is the number of gaining population expected to rise in numbers or decrease?

The gaining population is expected to rise in numbers because of the several reasons. First, statistics from the 1990 and the 2000 census show that the population of the elderly people in society increased significantly between those ten years. The number of people over the age of 65, 75 and 85 increased significantly. This gaining population is further expected to increase because of the developed technologies which have ensured that the health of the elderly can be maintained. The new technologies and improved health care allows for procedures like blood transfusion, organ transplants, therapies and so on which help elongate the lives of the elderly people. Similarly, the population of the elderly people is expected to increase significantly because the baby boomers are approaching their 60s. The baby boomers were born in the 1940s when there was the baby boom. This group of people is now elderly and with the high technology levels and excellent health care, this group of individuals is expected to have a longer life span hence the gaining population is more likely to rise in numbers in the near future rather than reduce.

What types of legislation may or may not be affected by the aging population?

There are several kinds of legislation that are directly affected by the ageing group of individuals in the country. First, the Medicare laws require that all those old people in society must be subscribed to at least a health insurance plan. This is meant to ensure that every individual in the country, the old included, has access to good medical attention when needed. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act affects all people who are over the age of 40. It protects these individuals from being discriminated in any way at their place of work. This is meant to protect the disabled and promote equality amongst all employees regardless of their age.

How does poverty affect the ageing population?

Poverty has adverse effects on the ageing individuals. This is particularly to do with their health. During old age, the elderly require frequent medical care, good balanced diets, comfortable environment and a good state of mind. However, these can only be achieved when the individual is rich. When they are poor, they will not be able to afford medical checkups, good healthy food and their living conditions will generally be poor. This will cause the health problems, mental problems and at times frustration which leads to depression and death at times. Therefore, poverty should be dealt with carefully to avoid cases of the ageing population suffering in poverty.

Part II

How have people with disabilities been treated in the past?

In the past, individuals with disabilities have been treated unfairly as if they were not part of the society. These people were discriminated and abused openly because of their incapacity. They were thought to be liabilities that heavily relied on the society for help. To some extent, the disabled had no access to proper education because they were thought to be disabled and unable of anything else. However, with time, people have realized that the disabled are also human and have rights and deserve good treatment.

How has the attitude toward people with disabilities changed over time?

The attitude towards the disabled community in the past was so negative that the disabled were mistreated and overlooked very often. However, there were human rights activists, organizations and government efforts which have helped to campaign for the rights of the disabled. The public has now been convinced to change the negative mentality of overlooking the disabled. Today the disabled have access to a good education, health care, they now have equal chance of getting jobs and many other privileges. The American Disabilities Act is one of the legislations that have been passed in the past to help protect the rights of the disabled as well as change the public’s attitude towards the disabled.

What are some unique circumstances or issues encountered by people with disabilities?

The disabled people in society usually encounter various issues. Most of them are not good because they are degrading and abusive. The disabled individuals are often overlooked and despised at their place of work because of their incapacitation. These people are treated as if they are not human, often looked down upon. The disabled are not usually treated well by their employers, especially when it comes to promotions and other employee upgrades.

The disabled usually encounter awkward circumstances such as tough experiences when they visit places where the Visitability requirements have not been adhered to. They usually suffer because they cannot move around freely. More so the disabled individuals experience hard times when they are required to go through an inclusion system of education because they are not able to carry themselves out like the non-disabled students. In an inclusion setting, the disabled are likely to be mocked, abused and at the same time find it hard to adapt to the system of learning.

What is being done to address those issues?

To address the issues experienced by the disabled people in the country, the government passed the Americans with Disability Act which was aimed at helping the disabled find their rights. His law requires that the disabled have equal access to resources like education and employment just like other people. There is also the Visitability movement which has moved to help the disabled by requiring that all buildings be made to suit the disabled people too to avoid them suffering. Human rights organizations have also been on the fore front to defend the rights of the disabled in society. The introduction of special education that is specifically meant to benefit the disabled by focusing on what they can do is also a very important step towards solving the problems experienced by the disabled people in society.

What types of legislation have been introduced to address issues faced by people with disabilities?

The Americans with Disability act was passed by the government to protect the rights of all individuals with disabilities. This includes proper access to a good education, employment and a good social life. The disabled would report any form of abuse and their rights would generally be observed.

The Disability Discrimination Act was passed in 2005 and it was meant to help do away with discrimination and harassment against the disabled in society. It was meant to enhance equality of opportunities between the disabled and the non-disabled, ensure fair treatment of the disabled and ensure a positive attitude towards the people who are disabled in society. Finally, this law was meant to promote the participation of disabled individuals in society by encouraging them and giving them positive attitudes.

Nutrition is the act of providing the body cells and the whole human body with the necessary nutrients to support life. The nutrients include carbohydrate, proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins and water. Taking these nutrients in the right amount will eventually dictate an individual's state of health. If taken in the right amount commonly referred to as a balanced diet, the individual remains healthy, vibrant, strong and highly productive. A poor diet is deleterious to health. Diseases and illnesses such as Kwashiorkor, Scurvy, Obesity, Diabetes mellitus, Metabolic syndrome X result. Also, other common chronic and vicious systemic diseases such as ...

Hospice care is a complex issue that needs a multi-disciplinary approach. As a patient’s disease progresses to its final stages, the patient needs increasing emotional, social, psychological, and spiritual support. A community hospice nurse is at the core of the healthcare team.

Quality of Life and Functioning

Perceptions About Quality of Life and Health Promotion and their Effects on Quality of Care

I see health as an active state of being, not just the mere absence of disease. For me, the most important duty of a healthcare giver is to increase a patient’s level of wellbeing, from ...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an infectious disease caused by SARS corona virus (SARS-CoV). It is a dangerous, not well understood, and easy to transmit disease. Its most dangerous features are that SARS outbreaks occur within the hospital setting, it can be deadly, and has no definitive set of symptoms. There is a distinct probability of another global outbreak of SARS.

On February 28, 2003, Carlo Urbani, a medical doctor working for the World Health Organization in Vietnam, examined an American patient in a French hospital in Hanoi. The patient presented with atypical pneumonia, ...

The article suggests that the root cause of workarounds majorly is the issue of poorly performing work systems. For instance, nurses are sometimes faced with issues such as broken equipment, wrong dosing of patient medication, breakdown in information communication and other bottlenecks that serve as hindrance to the smooth flow of work in the clinical setting. These bottlenecks hinder patient care due to the operational failures. In the face of this, health care professionals, especially nurses still manage to provide quality care to patients. The only way they are able to achieve this feat is by working around these ...

Introduction

Plainfield is a city in the New Jersey with a population of 46,318 and a population density of 7690 people per square kilometer. It has over 15180 households and about ten thousand families living in the city. The city is racially diverse with African Americans being the dominant race, accounting for 50 percent of the population (Onboard, 2011).

The white population in Plainfield is 23 percent, Native Americans account for 0.91 percent, 0.05 percent of the population are Pacific islanders and 0.95 percent are other races. Children account for 35 percent of the population while married population account ...

Each year, parents and students alike often worry about the extremely high costs attached to funding a high-quality education from top-notch and respected colleges and universities. From tuition fees to miscellaneous fees, budgeting is crucial to save money, and secure student future. A part of the miscellaneous fee is the living expenses of a college student, who can be given the choice of staying in campus or commuting at home. Some students opt to stay in the campus residences because they believe that it is much cheaper than commuting back home. For international students, this has been their only ...

Position Paper on the Feasibility

Advancement in technology has become widely spread all over the globe. Implementation of utilization of technology in everyday life applications is increasing at a high rate. Technology has been seen to improve the quality of life of the elderly people. In addition to that, it is evident that technology enhances, the safety, independence as well as the security of the elderly people. It has been noted that the technologies involved in the limitations that people face in their old age has, for a long time not drawn the interest it deserves.

The main aim of this paper is to ...

An old person is one who can make a sound decision on key issues. He/she is a person who commands respect at all levels of the society. This definition is based on the fact that only a few people live for more than 80 years and most leaders i.e. presidents, special UN envoys, ambassadors, etc range between 50-75 years of age. This was the opinion of 57 years old man. In fact, most countries have a set minimum age below which you cannot hold a certain office, mostly 35 years. Different people have a wide range factors and physical ...

Diabetes is one of the diseases that are affecting many people in the current world. It is a situation whereby the body sugar is too low or too much such that the sugar is not enough to the cells or it is too high such that it is dangerous to the body. When food is digested, it needs to be absorbed by the cells so that it can be used by the body. Glucose that has been digested in the body combines with insulin so that the cells can absorb it. The insulin is manufactured by ...

Anxiety can be defined as a normal reaction experienced by human beings and involves the physical being and the brain as well. Anxiety serves as an alert system that is triggered when and individual recognizes peril or risk. It is an imperative fundamental survival function. An individual feels sensations of anxiety when the brain and the body respond to a threat or peril.

Anxiety is characterized by quicker heartbeats and panting, unsettled stomach, tense muscles, shivering legs and hands and sweaty palms. This response is an element of the body that is meant to fight flight. This is the ...

Electronic Health record is the acquisition, storage and retrieval of health care information in digital form. It has the potential to improve the safety, efficiency and quality of data being utilized in the health care industry. (Wilder, 2010). Electronic health records would become an easy and ready source of information for research and administrative purposes for the development of public policies (Wilder, 2010). However, concerns and issues with protection of the data are threatening to derail the implementation of electronic health records. This article proposes strategies to address these issues.

Concerns with the privacy and security of electronic health ...

Smoking is an addictive habit that leads to many health problems to the addict and the people around him or her. Currently, the number of people who smoke in the world is very, World Health Organization estimates the figure to be around half a billion. People start smoking due to various reasons; some are introduced to smoking habits by prevailing circumstances, others are introduced to it at their tender ages when they see and emulate the elderly people around them smoking. However, the most common reason why people start smoking is peer influence and bad company. This is where ...

Research faces various problems as it tries to come up with conclusive evidence that describes the causes of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). A cardiovascular risk factor is associated with coronary heart disease. The association is nearly always a statistical one, and cannot be used as a foundation for conducting research. Equally, the fact that an individual does not have a particular cardiovascular risk factor does not guarantee protection against heart disease.

Direct evidence, which stress, as well as other similar behavioral factors have a relation to cardiovascular disease is conclusive; However, the information collected, is not conclusive. This is ...

The medical field to me represents an interesting field with immense possibilities. My journey in the medical field started out with a bachelor’s degree in biology from the Milkins University followed by another degree in clinical laboratory science from the Illinois University. I had made the decision to be part of the medical world after my mother had a brush with cancer. Prior to that, I had weighed several options but none had particularly impressed me. Watching her recover fully and later on become cancer free was proof to me that being involved in the diagnosis, care and ...

Cardiovascular diseases include all diseases that affect the heart and the circulatory system of the body, including coronary heart disease, stroke, valvular heart disease, heart failure and cardiomypoathy. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally, with more deaths recorded for cardiovascular diseases than any other disease. It affects both men and women of all races and ethnic groups.

Many heart diseases are caused by atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is the process by which plaques build up in the walls of blood vessels. This process causes narrowing and hardening of blood vessels. This leads to increase in force of contraction ...

Introduction

It is rare to witness maternal infanticide in the United States. However, cases of maternal infanticide still come to pass. Postpartum mental illness contributes to a high proportion of maternal infanticide cases. This paper will focus on the contemporary, legislative and historical psychiatric points of view on infanticide. The paper also gives a discussion on the ways of promoting appropriate treatment of women committing infanticide out of mental illness and ways of improving the prevention of infanticide (Barak, 2003).

There was an history of psychiatric disorder in Mrs. Yates. Her first reported psychotic incident came after the birth of ...

Arguably, smoking is among the most dangerous behaviors that cause harm to human health. Just, like the use of drugs and alcohol, smoking is not exceptions on its effects to health. As a matter of fact, debates have been there for a long time on the legalization and criminalization of smoking based on health issue. In the 21st century, the number of minors smoking is increasing tremendously. Therefore, the law enforcing agencies and health care practitioners should look into the issue critically. Through critical analysis, the criminalization of health related conduct should take place.

Undeniably, on a personal level ...