Essays on Banking

The options are ideal tools for position trading as well risk management. These options give their holders some right to buy and sell their underlying assets at a quoted price on or before the expiration date. A call gives a holder the right to buy an option while a put enables a holder to sell an option. The three major option strategies are as listed below in the various case studies.

Bullish option strategy

The McDonald Company has, in past five years, expected the underlying stock price of their diversified commodities to go upward. For this very reason, the company financial management Continue reading...

Data Analysis

TABLE 1

The above stance collaborates with the fact that Saudi women are well educated, ambitious and determined. In the last 40 years, the Saudi government has built an educational infrastructure that reduced illiteracy rates, especially in women. Because of a favorable environment for entrepreneurship, the possession of advanced education and the presence of still a very limited amount of employment opportunities for women in Saudi Arabia, the interest for entrepreneurship are very high among women.
Furthermore, the analysis is in line with the postulation that much of the wealth in Saudi is under the control of women; women Continue reading...

Introduction

Financial budgets refer to monetary estimates of expenditure that the organization expects to incur in future as it carries out its periodic business operations.
Budgets have proven to be important business tools over the course of time. One of the most important uses of the budget is that it can be used by the management of a business entity to make decisions. Decision making is the most important process in a business entity because it determines the direction of the business after a financial period. Financial periods are marked by losses or profits depending on how the entity has Continue reading...

Macroeconomics 2301

18.04.2014

HCC

Spring 2014
8 week course
The world’s economy has faced several periods of crisis during the last twenty years. The financial crisis in 2008 is the one that is most recent. It emerged in the United States and then spread to Europe, later affecting the rest of the world. The most problematic sector in the US was the mortgage sector, and was one of the main causes leading to the financial crisis. The house prices have been rising from 1998 to 2006, prompting home builders to construct more new houses every year, but these injections helped rising Continue reading...

I have always been interested in selecting a career path that covers my educational needs and that, which provides me with proper skills to handle my job. The traditional bachelor’s degree programs as well as the Bachelor of Applied Arts and Science Degree requires fair amount of formal college level academic proficiency in different basic areas such as political science, English, philosophy, history, sociology, and the natural sciences such as chemistry, math, biology, and physics. However, despite these similarities, the Bachelor of Applied Arts and Science (BAAS) is more of a vocational degree, which provides the learners with Continue reading...

Industry Report: Banking

Introduction
When it comes to an industry, then there are number of things which have been taken into account for the same. The essence of effectiveness and productivity always been associated with an industry and the stance of effectiveness depends upon certain factors. There are number of industries working in the world and all of the industries have their own significance and importance lies in a broad nutshell. There are certain aspects which have to be taken into consideration by an organization or by an industry in order to become competitive and eminent in a certain industry.
Financial Productivity Continue reading...

Kwame Kilpatrick former Detroit Mayor Case

Kwame M. Kilpatrick who was the former mayor of Detroit was sentenced for 28 years in jail for being involved in a corruption scandal. The defense should not apply to either reduce Kwame’s sentence or exonerate him. Kwame had greatly embezzled the city’s funds not only during his time as the mayor but also when he was a state legislator (Spence, 2011). His corrupt actions warranted him to get the harshest sentence possible given that he was a public official. Although the defense requested that he should receive a term that is not more than 15 years, Continue reading...

Thesis topic

‘Instructor’s Name’
‘Subject’
Will Governor Brown’s Local Control Funding Formula improve the ability of districts to meet student needs compared to the former system?

Brief Background and Aims of the Research

The current education system in California lacks transparency and is extremely complicated. All the participants, be it policymakers or parents, struggle to comprehend the current system, which offers different pupil per rate across various districts. There were many allegations that affluent schools ended up getting more per pupil rate than the other schools. To negate this inequity in the distribution of federal funds, Governor Brown in the year 2013-14 introduced the Local Control Continue reading...

Misallocation of funds

The Make a Way Foundation was founded with the aim of fighting poverty and hunger that involved communities with hope and self-reliance. The foundation had planned for a children’s summer expense project but in the process of goal realization for this fiscal year, it has been realized that there is a misallocation of funds that can be attributed to the following reasons.
Some officials who do the scoring for the awarding of the funds fail to follow the right criteria in many cases. So some applicants were unequally treated and in times were awarded more or fewer dollars Continue reading...

Economics

The European countries are facing lower growth rates, just as they faced in history. The austerity measures have brought pain to the euro zone, and these measures provided no relief. The euro zone countries are reducing their spending by the double digits. Such reduction is increasing unemployment in Europe. The eurozone countries are trying to find the possible ways that are suitable for countries that are stagnant economically for the prosperity of the countries. In order to achieve the better growth for the economies, the countries are adopting austerity. Austerity is the intentional deflation of the domestic prices and Continue reading...

Introduction

A negotiable instrument is a document that guarantees payment to a specific person. The instrument must name the payee or otherwise indicate his identity. A negotiable instrument is transferable and in essence, it is a signed document with a promise to pay the holder of the document a given fixed amount of money at a specified date or on demand. Upon the transfer of the instrument, the legal title of the instrument is passed to the owner.

Promise and negotiable instruments

A negotiable instrument is a document used in contracts, and which guarantees the payment of a given sum of money unconditionally on Continue reading...

The use of bitcoins

Bitcoin is a form of currency that was created in 2009, and which is not issued by any central bank. The transactions that are made using this currency do not have middle men which imply that there is no use of banks. Bitcoin transactions do not have transaction fees, and a user does not need to provide real names. There is no physical bitcoin, but rather computers are used to create them. All those computers that create them form a network that serves to confirm the transactions that are made with bitcoins, without the help of MasterCard, Visa, or Continue reading...

Thesis

The global financial crisis was a period during which downturns were experienced in the stock markets, economic activities as well as losses in the housing market all over the world. During this period, banks had to be bailed out by national governments and consumer wealth declined significantly. The result was a major recession between 2008 and 2009 .
This paper looks at the global financial crisis in the world, its effect in the US and measures taken by the US to manage it. This financial crisis was experienced in the world in the late 2000’s and the US was Continue reading...

Mayhew; Congress: The Electoral Connection. 1974

What does Mayhew assume is the number one goal of Members of Congress (MCs)?
According to Mayhew, members of the congress of the United States of America are primarily motivated by their behavior to seek reelection. The pursuit of reelection greatly affects the way the make decisions and formulate public policy. Mayhew links the motivation of members of the congress to institutional and political structure and it has widespread applicability in the legislative world. Pursuit of reelection hinders the performance of the members of the congress. They seek to influence federal spending in their areas of jurisdiction, and Continue reading...

The role of policy makers in any economy is to regulate macroeconomic activities with the main goal of maintaining economic stability. The goal of the policy maker is to maintain stability, which is significant in promoting economic growth and social welfare of the citizens. The policy makers have implemented various policies to stimulate the economy since the financial crisis when government suffered a critical national debt. They are also trying to implement a reliable strategy for balancing the government’s budget in the long- run to solve macroeconomic problems. Therefore, implementing long-term fiscal sustainability is vital for today’s Continue reading...

[Professor’s name appears here]
[Date appears here]

Abstract
Luxor Temple in Egypt rose into prominence as the abode of various royal Egyptian dynasties. The kings honored the so-called god Amon. It became the main city of the kingdom. The Temple was managed by high military priests.
This research report summarizes the key events and historical background of Luxor Temple. It also sheds light on the building, the civilization and the culture prevalent in that period as well as the built environment. Moreover, it gives a comparison with the modern city of Luxor.

Luxor Temple in Egypt: An Introduction

The Luxor Temple was mainly constructed Continue reading...

Government spending refers to the money and resources that the government uses to cater for basic but essential national goods and services. Ideally, government spending can either be investment or consumption oriented. They include defense, education, health and infrastructure among other services. In the United States, there has been a gradual development in the rate at which government spending has been carried out since1960 (Siu par 8). First, education has taken a rising pace through which government spends to facilitate the development of education. Ideally, the proportion of the GDP was rated to be apportioned by 0.20% that has Continue reading...

General description

Mali as a country started its fight against independence in the 1930s. Political opposition did not initially emanate from political parties rather they came from individual that had organized themselves into a number of voluntary organizations (Velton 13). These voluntary organizations compromised of cultural and sporting associations where most educated individual would meet under the French approval. Political parties were formed in the 1940s where the struggle for independence from the French continued. In June 20, 1960, Mali gained its independence from France.
Mali covers an area of 478, 640 square miles. It has a population of about 11, Continue reading...

Internal control practices are the activities that enable a company to maintain an environment that is solely focused on accountability and ethics. These are systems that are put in place to safeguard the resources of the business. By putting in place these practices department benefits in the following ways; one of the benefits is that the internal controls provide checks and balances on the usage of resources. They also ensure that the areas of priority in an organization are identified as well as addressed. Another benefit of putting in place internal controls is that it allows the company to Continue reading...

Institutiona Affiliation

Healthcare dilemma:
Among the challenges experienced in healthcare service is the provision of the health services under the limited the funds. There have been many strenuous efforts to remedy the problems, but the business problem has always been a major problem. Financial problems have led to many dilemmas to the service providers the hospital, the service production and also the service delivery to the patients. On the other hand, the issues of inflation, whether it is not even higher, it is a tremendous challenge to the health providers. (Katherine 2005, p. 35) There has been this dilemma in the Continue reading...

These items were carefully chosen so they could fall within the allocated budget. I considered product quality since the hotel management needs products that can withstand heavy use. The items will be sourced from various retailers in Australia and no item will be imported because of the high costs involved in importation. This analysis requires the approval of the General Manager and Financial Controller. I secured at least three quotes for each item and made a comparison although I only had to list one.
My target was to use at least 50% of the total budget allocated, so as Continue reading...

Executive Summary

Banks such as UK bank get the money that they lend from the deposits. The level of lending is usually dependent on the demand of the funds by the public and on the economic level of the state. When the demand for money is high, UK bank will have to check on the level of money that is circulation before it decides on how much to lend out (Sessa, 2011). It is done to reduce chances of having excess money supply into the economy that may result to the inflation. The bank can use various ways to ensure that Continue reading...

Introduction

Analytically, Softwood Ltd has been experiencing growth in the recent years thanks to its large client base. In its effort to expand, the business should make sound financial decisions to avoid a possible decline of its current position.

In their endeavor to expand, Softwood Ltd has various sources of finance to rely.

1. Internal sources
Internal sources encompass all sources of finances within the company. These could be retained profits, proceeds from sale of furniture of the company’s property and personal savings by the owners of the venture (Dlabay, 2008).Examples of internal sources are;
- Retained profits
- Tighter credit control
- Reduce inventories
- Delay paying trade payables
2. External Continue reading...

Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. was ranked as the fourth largest bank in the US before it declared bankruptcy in 2008. The company was dealing in investment banking, equity and fixed income-income sales and trading, research, investment management, private equity, and private banking. A significant number of clients withdrew their accounts from Lehman Brothers and the share price of the stocks fell at an exponential rate. Consequently, on September 15, 2008 the company filed for bankruptcy under Chapter 11. Lehman Brothers played a major role in the recession of the late 2000’s which drastically affected the entire country. The Continue reading...

Golf Corporation

Liquidity Ratios:
Current Ratio for the year 2012 = Current Assets / Current Liabilities
Current Ratio for the year 2012 = 2,000 / 2,000
Current Ratio for the year 2012 = 1
Current Ratio for the year 2013 = Current Assets / Current Liabilities
Current Ratio for the year 2013 = 3,000 / 4,000
Current Ratio for the year 2013 = 0.75
Quick Ratio for the year 2012 = Current Assets – Inventory – Prepayments / Current Liabilities
Quick Ratio for the year 2012 = 2,000 - 500/ 2,000
Quick Ratio for the year 2012 = 0.75
Quick Ratio for the year 2013 = Current Continue reading...

Summary

The global economic crisis that happened between the year 2000 and 2010 was largely due to the issue of mortgage securitization. Mortgage securitization emanated from firms developing new securities from the mortgage obtained by buyers and developing business with investors from these new securities. The development of mortgage securities begins with the buyer of a homeowner paying cash to secure ownership of the house. To obtain the cash, the buyer secures a mortgage using a mortgage broker who secures the mortgage from a securitizing firm. The securitizing firm then creates new securities, which it sells to potential investors. The Continue reading...

• Assuming a constant rate for purchases, production, and sales throughout the year, what are Casa de Diseño exists operating cycle (OC), cash conversion cycle (CCC), and resource investment need?

The existing Disenos’ operating cycle (OC)    

  =average collection period + average age of inventory = (75+ 110) days = 185 days Existing Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC) 
= OC - average payment period = (185 – 30) days = 155 days Resources needed    
=cost of operating cycle investment ×CCC365= ($ 26,500,000 ×155)/365= $11,253,425
• If Leal can optimize Casa de Diseño’s operations according to industry standards, what will the company’s operating cycle (OC), cash conversion cycle (CCC), Continue reading...

The State of Texas has a regressive tax system. Lower income households see higher effective tax rates than households with higher incomes. The state does not have income taxes levied on individuals as a source of revenue. The significant sources of revenue in the State of Texas include sales taxes which accounts for an estimated 50% of the total taxes (House Research Organization 1). The state also gets revenue from the Federal Government which funds programs in healthcare, transport and education, this is done inform of outright grants or matching funds. The state of Texas gets non-tax revenue from Continue reading...

There have been a lot of crises throughout the history: South Sea Bubble (1720), Cuban missile crisis in 1960s, OPEC oil price shock in 1990s, Asian financial crisis of 1997, Economic crisis in Mexico (1994) and many others.
However, the financial crisis of the 2007-2008 is said to be the worst crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. First victims were the countries, which are the biggest financial centers in the world. Later, in a year or half, the rest of the developing countries started to suffer from the financial crisis that became global.
The term of the Continue reading...

INTRODUCTION

Since the Great Depression of 1929-30, the worst financial crisis was witnessed during the end of 2008. Numerous American and European banks declared going into loss by the end of 2007. Later, Lehman Brothers, the 158-year old investment bank went bankrupt; Merill Lynch, the investment bank and the stock-broking firm was taken over; Goldman Sacks and Morgan Stanley seek the status of bank to receive protection against bankruptcy. It was during the same week that the other four investment banks on the Wall Street collapsed.
The global financial crisis of 2008 was one of the most critical ones in Continue reading...

Financial Markets and Institutions

Impact of Credit crisis on financial market liquidity
The financial crisis which the United States economy had to face during the years of 2007 – 08 was the worst of its kind. The banking system had not faced a crisis of this magnitude since the 1930s which forced professionals who belong to this field to question the state of liquidity of the system. The central role that banking institutions, and which the financial business performs as such, is to provide the public with cash, allow them to make deposits and invest their funds in securities or provide them with term Continue reading...

Introduction

Shylock is presented as a villain as shown by his stringent terms he gave Antonio while borrowing loan from him. Shylock is evil because he treated Antonio unfairly because he was a Christian. He gave very strict conditions of repaying his loan. He argued that if Antonio failed to pay the loan a pound of flesh will be cut from his body. This condition showed how inhuman Shylock was towards the Christians. "Two thousand ducats in that and other precious, jewels my daughter were dead at my foot " Act 3 Scene 1 line 83. Shylock also wanted her daughter Continue reading...

Introduction

Banking, financial, and even insurance-issuing institutions were badly hit by the global financial crisis that happened in 2007 to 2008. It created a serious domino effect that eventually took its toll on the U.S. Federal Government. The struggling dollar and U.S. economy—the world’s largest economy in terms of GDP, led to a serious wave of financial and stock market corrections that were felt globally, especially in countries whose economy is largely dependent on U.S. commodity and financial supply and consumption. The ultimate effect of the global financial crisis of 2009 was an increased uncertainty and negativity in Continue reading...

With the ever increasing rate of shift from analogue to digital modes of communication and data processing, efficiency has improved tremendously. However, as can be expected, such development has come with its own evils, with the upsurge of cybercrime now the main headache for the companies using electronic data storage and processing. It is thus prudent to ask, how safe is clients’ electronically stored information concerning cyber-crime?
Many web developers have dedicated a big share of their time in developing hacker proof storage systems and websites to guarantee clients’ information safety, but they have not yet controlled it. Clients’ Continue reading...

In recent years, China has exhibited rapid economic growth due to massive debt and injection of government subsidies. Leveraging is essential for funding modernization efforts, but when done excessively, it signals an unbalanced economy. Statistics given by Fitch (2013) show a rise in overall credit in China from US$9 trillion to US$23 trillion since 2008. If history is anything to go by, China is headed towards a banking crisis and severe credit crunch since credit is the lifeline for its state-owned companies (Chen 2006, p. 11).This essay reiterates the chances of China experiencing an economic crash Continue reading...

Introduction

Many people have argued to the effect that disability is not inability. However, the fact remains that people with disabilities in the society face a lot of discriminations. This discrimination is always based on a number of factors. Despite the efforts by governments, the fact remains that the disabled in the community face specific challenges that the people without the disabilities do not face. Whether in the employment sector, the transportation department, the corporate world or the day to day happenings, the disabled face several challenges. Most governments have made efforts to ensure that the disabled in the society Continue reading...

For RTWMTC, budgeting is important since it will allow the company to plan its expenditures. It will allow for a balance between the capital and recurrent expenditures. This will ensure that the company maintains growth in a balanced manner hence avoiding illiquidity or insolvency. The other reason is that the budget will allow this company to manage its financial information and also review it on a real time basis. This will be achieved by maintaining an automated budgeting system which will ensure that the company makes timely and right expenditure decisions (Besley & Brigham, 2008). Thirdly, it is a means Continue reading...

- The project company, AstraZeneca PLC (AZN.L)
- Two selected competitors, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK.L) and Aeolus Pharmaceuticals (AOLS)
- The FTSE100 Index (of which both AstraZeneca and GlaxoSmithKline are constituents)
We collected the stock prices for the period 2013/10/01 – 2014/03/21 from Yahoo Finance. To compare returns, we used adjusted close prices because they take into account stock splits and stock offerings as well as dividends. The comparison of the share price behavior of the companies compared to the FTSE100 can be seen in the chart below:
As can be seen, AstraZeneca clearly outperformed its peers by a significant margin (total Continue reading...

Introduction

The Journal of Banking and Finance (JBF) essentially undertakes the mandate of publishing both the empirical and theoretical research, it doesn’t publish any other research but rather those within the span of finance and banking. Its main objective as stated within the scope of their mission is fundamentally to ascertain a flow and availability of research that pertains to capital, money, and operations of the financial institutions. Ensuing the fact that this journal accomplishes the mandate of assuring a continued flow of research materials about banking and finance, recent articles from this journal will be analyzed to deduce Continue reading...

There is a need for any country to have its central Bank. Unlike most countries, which use the central Bank system, the U.S has a federal Banking system which is also known as the fed. The headquarters of the federal Bank is in the capital Washington D.C and also has other twelve district banks in different locations. Federal Reserve Act established the fed in 1913 and was formed to solve problems of money in the country (Gali, 2009). The decisions made by the federal Bank directly affect the safety and soundness of the country’s financial system.
The federal Continue reading...