Essays on Dividend

How should Jonathan describe the rationale of the dividend discount model (DDM) and demonstrate its use in calculating the justifiable price of PCU share?
Firstly, Jonathan should explain to Dwayne that there are different methods how a financial or a security analyst can analyze the fundamental and technical aspects of a security, which in this case is the PCU share, including its price, the forecasted growth rates, and a lot of other aspects. There is more than one way of predicting the future stock price of a company . A security analysis can focus on the fundamental aspects of the Continue reading...

Introduction: Dividend Policy

In the business platform of today, there is very stiff competition between companies. This is because of the increased number of organizations coming up every day making it difficult to survive in the market. In order to survive in the market, organizations need a strong financial background so that they can gain a competitive edge over their rivals. In a bid to achieve this, organizations go public and sell shares to them at a cost. In lieu of their investment in the company, the shareholders of the company are then paid a share from the annual profits of the Continue reading...

Introduction

Dividends are finances produced by lucrative procedures that are dispensed straight to shareholders, normally after the commencement of fiscal period. Subsequent to a lucrative stage, with the approval of the board members, a firm can distribute its income amongst the shareholders significantly known as dividend, while withholding some retained earnings.

Apple Inc. Dividend History

It’s not an essential action for the corporations to distribute dividends. They can also employ back all their earning into the business for various investment purposes. Analyzing the dividend policy of Apple Inc. will reveal that for quiet a long time; dividends were not given out to its Continue reading...

Capital plan of Apple is the issuing of debt to fund $100 billion in share repurchase plan for the first time and the company will pay high amount of dividend till the end of 2015. Company will pay a dividend in every quarter till the end of 2015 with a growth rate of 15% each quarter to $3.05 a share. Annual payment of dividend would be $11 billion (Apple).

The Meaning of Dividend policy:

Some or complete part of net income which is paid out to shareholders is known as dividend. It is paid in the form of cash or shares. The decision of Continue reading...

Cost of Equity Capital

Cost of equity can defined as the opportunity cost of raising finances through equity. Equity comprises of ordinary share capital and retained earnings of a company. The rate of return expected by investors is the same as the cost of equity. Cost of equity is therefore important in valuation of shares. However, unlike debt securities, which have fixed interest, dividend paid on equity securities fluctuate over time. It is in the discretion of the management of any company discretion to determine how much dividend to pay in case they decide to pay dividend. This makes it hard to estimate Continue reading...

- Describe briefly the legal rights and privileges of common stockholders.
Common shareholders ownership is considered to be residual. That implies that common shareholders can claim firm’s earning only after those of government, debt holders, and preferred shareholders have been met. They are considered to be a true owner of the company or the corporation. By virtue of being the true owners, they possess dividend rights, assets rights, voting rights, and pre-emptive rights.
Going into further details , the common shareholders have the legal right to elect it board’s directors. The board in turn decides and elects who all Continue reading...

Question 1

A. Yes. The dividend policy of the company is paying a constant dividend, which is occasionally increased as the company grows. For instance, in the financial years ended 1999 and 2000, the company’s dividend per share was $ 1.36 when it made net income of $ 650,100,000 and $ 861,200,000 respectively. However, in the two subsequent years when the company’s net income began to increase steady, the company has increased its dividends and paid their shareholders $ 1.48 and $ 1.70 respectively. Further, in the fiscal years 2003 and 2004, the company paid $ 1.76 as dividend to its Continue reading...

Introduction:

The concern and financial objectives of the old lady can be met on the basis of a sound financial plan. The lady is investing her money in saving bank account but because of really low interest rates, she is now preferring her investment in ABC supermarket which she considers good for her portfolio.
Another consideration that cannot be overlooked is her concern for dividends as the lady relies on regular income. Thus my decision at then end will be based on sound financial considerations and objectives of the old lady where i shall be comapring current situation in supermarket Continue reading...

Introduction

This report aims at evaluating the financial statements of Xstrata plc. In light of its corporate objectives and the industry practises and performance. To achieve this, this report provides a brief history of Xstrata and analysis of sources of finance, gearing and dividend policies. This report primarily relied on Xstrata financial statements for the last five years; 2007,2008,2009,2010 and 2011.

Xstrata Plc. is a multininational company in the minning industry which is listed in the London Stock Exchange and is part of the FTSE 100 index. It has its headquarters in Continue reading...

I. Capital Structure Choices

Table 16 TI’s Statement of Current and Long-term Liabilities

Accounts Payable

Accrued Expenses

Deferred Revenues

Other Current Liabilities

Total Current Liabilities

Total Long Term Debt

Table 17 TI’s Statement of Shareholder’s Equity
Shareholder's Equity

Deferred Income Tax

Minority Interest

Other Long Term Liabilities

Total Long Term Liabilities

Total Liabilities

Common Shares Outstanding

Preferred Stock

Common Stock, Net

Additional Paid-in Capital

Retained Earnings

Treasury Stock

Other Shareholder's Equity

Shareholder's Equity

Total Liabilities & Shareholder's Equity

Figure 6 TI’s Debt and Equity Structure, 2007 to 2011

A. Capital Resources
Texas Instrument’s liquidity comes from cash Continue reading...

1. Valuation ratio analysis
I have analyzed the health of Northwest Savings Bank (Ticker Symbol: NWBI), hereafter referred to as Northwest, with several relevant valuation ratio. These ratios are useful to determine whether its stock is currently undervalued or overvalued. These presents a kind of measure as to whether the stock is a potential buy or otherwise. We have also made comparisons between Northwest and its competitors, which includes PNC Bank (Ticker Symbol PNC) and Erie Bank (a division of CNB Bank, Ticker Symbol CCNE. Table 1.1 gives an overview of the financial data that we will be using Continue reading...

Viability Report on JV

There lies a distinguishing characteristic of Multinational Corporation (MNC) in contrast with a collection of independent national firms dealing at arm’s length is, its ability to move money to its affiliates through internal transfer mechanism. In multinational financial system there is transfer of goods, services, technology and capital.
In the interest of facilitating stronger sustainable profitability and growth, decisions on resource allocation in organizations require a systematic, analytical and though approach as well as sound judgement. Project and investment appraisals and capital budgeting which involves assessing the financial feasibility of a report should use Discounted Cash Flow(DCF) Continue reading...

Abstract

This paper is devoted to the Clorox Company financial research. The research includes analysis of financial statements, analysis of financial ratios, bonds and stock valuation methods, calculation of dividends growth rate, description of constant-growth model, calculation of beta coefficient of stock, calculation of standard deviation of stock, calculation of weighted average cost of capital. The computations are based on the data collected from annual reports for the years 2007-2011. Calculations were made using appendices and excel spreadsheets. The arguments are supported by analysis of financial performance of the Company.

Introduction

In accordance with Bloomberg (2012), Clorox Company is a Continue reading...

The “Equity premium,” written by Eugene F. Fama and R. French (2002) describes how to estimate equality premium using both dividend and the growth rate of earning to predict the rates of expected capital gain. The equality premium is important in making decisions on portfolio allocation and in estimation of capital gain. The expected market return is estimated using the returns on portfolio of stocks. To estimate the stock return, the dividend and earnings are used along with other evidence to determine if the expected return is higher than the realized average. In this case, the average stock return Continue reading...

Indeed, according to the previously celebrated bird in hand theory, firms were considered to suffice for purposes of paying dividends. The bird in hand theory advances the concept that shareholders would prefer payment of dividends rather than reinvestment of profits to be paid later. In that respect, the higher the dividends a firm paid, the better its standing in the market. It is on that premise that the dividend discount model operates. Accordingly, the value of the firm is equal to the present value of the expected dividend payment. The position now is way different especially with the Modigliani Continue reading...

Question 1

The most important issues confronting the FPL Group is whether to review their dividend policy. FPL has employed a high dividend policy over the years. The dividends pay-out has been increasing consistently in the last 47 years. 1993 was a best year for the group which saw it record the highest revenue. Management expected the company perform better in 1994. However, events took another turn. It was expected that Florida may allow Retail Wheeling which will significantly increase competition and change the entire competitive landscape in the industry. Therefore, management of FPL Group feel that the dividend pay-out of Continue reading...

Stock Valuation of Northwest Savings Bank

Many people think that investing is merely the act of buying something on low and selling it in high, which makes the investment seem very easy. But it is truly a difficult task as one needs to understand if making an investment is worth the price paid for the security and determine if the investment is expensive or cheap.
Investment is a very crucial task and should be done with great care. Making investment seems easy, but earning a good return on investment is difficult. Therefore, investment should be done after analyzing the company or stock or any instrument Continue reading...

Abstract

In order to make a sound investment, it is important to evaluate the available opportunities and come out with a proper investment decision based on the past, present and future market trends. This calls for thorough analysis of both the industry and the individual investment in order to ascertain its viability and profitability. This paper focuses on Ford Motor Company stock, which for quite some time, had been left for dead. The paper gives a brief background of the problems that the company was faced with, which resulted in its poor performance. It further highlights how the company turned Continue reading...

Investment Options Recommendations

Introduction
This paper entails an analysis and review of the available investment options in companies that fall within the start-up economy category. This analysis is based on the specific investment needs of a client who wishes to invest some of his capital in a non-publicly owned firm. The client is 50 years old, and this implies that his investment risk profile is not as high as that of relatively younger investors. In this regard, this paper will advise the client on the stock investment options that are available in his preferred company profiles. Accordingly, this paper will focus on Continue reading...

Executive summary

Regan Inc. has been involved in the installation and manufacturing of commercial heating, ventilation and cooling (HVAC) units. This report uses dividend growth model to estimate the price of the stock. The report calculates the price of the stock of Regan Inc. after including the super growth period that the company would observe after advancement in technology. Price to earnings ratio of the company has been used and compared it with the industry to analyze how the investors think about the company’s future as well as the industry future. Return on equity has also been calculated if the Continue reading...

Shareholder’s Equity

Summary of articles
Relationship between Dividend policy and shareholder’s wealth
In this article, the author examines the relationship between dividend policy adopted in a company and the shareholder’s wealth. The objective of the firm usually is for the shareholder’s wealth to be maximized. Whatever dividend policy adopted by the firm, the decision objective ought to be maximization of shareholder’s wealth. The author begins by recognizing Modigliani and Miller’s preposition on dividend irrelevancy theory. The theory asserts that the dividends do not have any bearing on the value of the firm. According to the Modigliani Continue reading...

Solvency Ratios:

These ratios indicate the long term solvency of the company, i.e., if the company will be able to honor its long term obligation. Furthermore, it also helps in understanding the capital structure of the company. Below discussed are the solvency ratios of Debenhams Inc:
i) Debt to Equity: Debt/ Equity
(Debenhams, 2013)
ii) Interest Coverage Ratio: Operating Earnings/ Interest Expense
iii) Debt to Capital Employed Ratio: Debt/ Capital Employed (Mckeith, Collins, 2013)
*Debt= Total Debt
*Capital Employed: Total Assets- Current Liabilities

Analysis:

The above analysis of the company using Solvency Ratios indicates that, over a year, the long term financial Continue reading...

The report is being made with the objective to understand the ongoing trend in J Sainsbury Plc from 2009 till 2013. However, to facilitate in-depth analysis, we have bifurcated the report in two parts with Part 1 dealing with trend discussion relating to financial structure, investing decisions and change in dividend payments while ach of the discussion will be validated using the financial notes or through calculation of ratios. On the other hand, Part 2 is related to discussion over the change in remuneration package of the executives since 2009-2013 and how it related to the agency theory.

Part 1: Trend Analysis using Ratios:

Change Continue reading...

Answer)

The Malaysian Economy which is known to be a robust economy with supportive government reforms, talented workforce and newly developed infrastructure. The country has turned out to be an attractive investment destination for the not only domestic but international investors. So the Sya Suka Berada di Sini- ‘’ I Like it Here’’ phrase is quite suited for referring to Malaysian Stock Exchange.

- Money Market Investment
- Stock Market investment

Money Market Investment:

This region of investment opportunity is a risk less investment where the investors, invest their funds in highly liquid financial instruments of commercial banks primarily in Saving Bank Accounts, Fixed Continue reading...

Introduction

The bank of Queensland was instituted in 1874 as the first permanent building society in Queensland, Australia. Initially, it was being operated as Brisbane Permanent Benefit Building and Investment Society. This society was later incorporated in 1887 and then got amalgamated with the City and Suburban Building Society in 1921. Later on in 1931, it was again amalgamated with Queensland Deposit Bank. It received a license to operate as a trading bank in 1942. The bank computerized its operations in 1970 and then underwent a series of transformations that included changing its name to bank of Queensland. The bank Continue reading...

1. Company Profile

Thomas Cook Group Plc operates within the tourism and travel industry. The Company owns, operates and manages travel agencies, tour operators and car hire agencies, as well as owning their own aircraft fleet, cruise ships and resort properties. Thomas Cook is known as one of the largest travel companies in Europe.

2. Financial Analysis

The Thomas Cook Group has reported a robust set of results for the 2009 and 2010 financial years despite the uncertain economic environment Continue reading...

i) Calculating cost of equity using CAPM Model:
Capital Asset Pricing Model, often abbreviated as ‘CAPM’, is the most fundamental concept in the investment theory of present time. This is an equilibrium model that predicts the expected return on a stock, given the expected return on the market, the stock’s beta-coefficient and the risk free rate. Considered from the borrower point of view, this model is used to calculate the cost of equity for the company using the following formula:
Cost of Equity= RFR+ Beta(Equity Risk Premium)

Below is the detailed explanation of cost of equity calculated for Tim Hortons Inc:

Risk Free Rate: This refers to rates being offered by Continue reading...

The two companies that give a good opportunity for comparing capital expenditure are Wal-Mart and eBay. According to NAICS, the industry is coded 443112. The name of the industry under which the companies are operating is known as Radio, Television, and Other Electronics Stores Industry.

Wal-Mart

Wal-Mart, List 2013 Fortune Global 500 Company, is ranked as the second largest corporations all over the world (Hays, 2014). The company has an employee base of 200 million being the largest retail in all worlds. As on January 2014, the company had 800000 workers, 6337 stores and up to 26 countries that are Continue reading...

Part I: Review of background material

The first model is the capital asset pricing model. It describes the relationship which exists between risk and expected returns and it is applied is securities’ pricing. In this model, an investor should be compensated for both the risk and the time value of money. The risk free rate is the factor for the time value of money. It compensates all investors for their fund commitment for a certain period. According to CAPM, the expected return on a specific security or a portfolio is equivalent to the risk free rate and the risk premium added together. These are the Continue reading...

Introduction

The Aetna Company is situated in the United States. It offers diversified health services such as medical, pharmacy and medical services. It also offers behavioural health plans and disability plans. Its services are offered under the three sections of health care, group life and large scale pensions. The healthcare section provides Medicare and Medicaid services in addition to the medical, pharmacy and dental services. The group life section offers accidental, dismemberment, life, disability and spouse life insurance services. The third section, large scale pension offers services such as pension and annuity plans for the employees, the individuals who are Continue reading...

Event studies are statistical tests used to examine financial market reaction and the impact of certain events of interest on the value of financial assets such as stock prices, bond prices and exchange rates. Events that may affect the market value of financial assets include; stock split, merger or takeover announcements, earning announcement and regulatory changes .

Par Value determines the minimum price that a Corporation can price its common stock. Several states do not permit a corporation to sell their common stock below the par Value. Corporations therefore set Continue reading...

Analysis of 10k of Dish Network and Direct TV

Executive Summary
Organizations have to work extremely hard to maintain their effectiveness in the market as it is something which induces them to work hard for the economic prosperity. Every company that worked under a specific industry always try to maximize its financial belongings and shareholder’s wealth, but is really important for them to mitigate the issues relating to it which certainly leads to higher economic prosperity.
Financial based competitiveness could be extremely important for the sake of an organization in particular. The main perspective of this assignment is to analyze the financial power of two different companies Continue reading...

Evaluation of Corporate Performance

Evaluation of Corporate Performance
Apple Inc. is one of the most innovative and the famous corporations in the world today. Apple Inc. is the leading manufacturers of mobile phones, tablets, laptops and other electronic devices. However, their product ‘iPhone’ is the leading smart phone brand as compared to their other products. Apple Inc. was founded in the year 1976 and incorporated in the year 1977. The main aim of the company was to make and produce the personal computer for their clients. Apple Inc. is the second largest company in the smart phone industry on the basis of capitalization Continue reading...

Introduction

Coca Cola Company
Coca-Cola Company is one of the biggest manufacturing firm which produces soft drinks in the world. It has its operation in more than 200 countries, and it sells around 1.6 billion servings of Coke, Fanta and Sprite in each day. It is an American company and produces carbonated soft drinks sold almost all over the world under the trademark of Coca-Cola.

AT&T Inc.

AT&T is an American multinational company established to deliver telephone service in the United States. At present, it stands as the largest service provider of mobile as well as fixed telephone line. It is the Continue reading...

Corning Inc. operates in an evolving industry due to which the industry goes through rapid changes. As the industry is mainly driven by consumers’ demand, the spending trends of average consumers also plays a vital role.
The display technologies industry faced a problem of oversupply as the consumer demand did not grow as much as it was forecasted by the industry expert owing to which the companies operating in this industry had to reduce their capacity in accordance with the demand. They also had to decrease the prices considerably in order to sell the excess inventory.
The continues growing Continue reading...

Introduction

Berkshire Hathaway Inc. is a major American holding company based in Omaha. Berkshire Hathaway owns several subsidiaries, which deal in different business activities such as property ownership, reinsurance, casualty insurance, energy, finance, utilities, manufacturing, retailing and services. Some of the company’s subsidiaries are major players in different sectors of the economy. For example, GEICO is one of America’s top auto insurers. Warren Buffet acquired the majority shareholding of the company in 1970. Currently, Buffet is the serving CEO and chairman of Berkshire Hathaway Inc. Warren Buffet has acquired several companies over the years and turned them into Continue reading...

More than often, financial analysis using calculated financial ratios of different companies act as a measure of the financial performance in terms of profitability, market value, leverage and liquidity levels in operations. In most cases, price-earnings (P/E) ratio is used by investors to measure the market value of company’s viability in terms of investment relative to its earnings in the market (Davies & Pain, 2011). Considerably, as a market value measure price-earnings (P/E) ratio expresses the relationship between the market price of a share of common stock and the prevailing earnings per share. As a result, investors use the Continue reading...

Steps to becoming a Corporation

A corporation is a kind business which is recognized by law to be separate and distinct from its owners. Thus the ideal definition of a corporation is that whose legal entity, obligation and responsibility are separate and distinct from its founders. In this sense, the founders establish a board that governs the affairs of the business.

When forming a corporation, first you have to identify a unique corporate name for the company. Once you have identified the corporation name, next is to identify the headquarters or location of operation. It is preferable that you locate the headquarters in your Continue reading...

The Australian stock exchange has been established to economically assist the investors by bring to together in one market the investors who have the capital and the companies in need of capital in a highly liquid and well regulated market. In this case the companies are assisted to raise capital while the investors are given the chance to create and accumulate their wealth. Investors have a pool of more than 2000 listed companies to invest in. Amcor ltd, APA ltd, amp ltd, ASX ltd, Asciano ltd and Suncorp ltd are some of the companies listed in the ASX; each Continue reading...

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ISBN 978-0-470-87479-0
Annual Report Project
The Continue reading...