Essays on Gamma

I. 1. Alpha Corporation’s major sources of cash from 1989- 1991 were proceeds from cash from operations, disposal of obsolete assets, proceeds from disposing of discontinued operations, sale of common stock and proceeds from raising long term debt. Its major uses of cash were purchases of fixed assets, capitalized software and treasury stock, re-payment of long term debt and payment of dividend. Major sources of cash for Beta Corporation were cash received from customers and proceeds from issue of common stock. The major uses were purchase of marketable securities and other capital expenditures, re-payment of subordinated debt and ...

Chapter 1 – Introduction to Color Study

1. What is the difference between direct light and reflected light? Give examples of each. Direct light travels from the source to the destination without being interrupted while reflected light is the light produced when the direct light bounces off a material. One example of direct light is the sunlight while reflection from the mirror is an example of reflected light (Young, Freedman & Ford, pp. 1080). 2. Describe the cause of color, the means used to generate it, and the effect. Light consists of a spectrum of light wavelengths which have a representative color; thus, upon reaching the retina ...

Gravitational, electromagnetic, strong and weak nuclear forces. Gravitational force is an attraction between any two pieces of matter in the universe. Electromagnetic force is present in pieces of matter, which are able to carry electrical charge. Strong force is holding the nuclei of atoms together. Weak force is responsible for radioactive decay. Molecules are built from the atoms and atoms consist of protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons and neutrons are built of smaller particles called quarks. Electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all the light in the universe. Depending on the wavelength and frequency there are radio, micro, infrared, ...

Question 1

Radioactivity is the process by which unstable isotopes of elements disintegrate in the nucleus to release energy in form of gamma rays, beta radiation and alpha radiation. The disintegration occurs as a result of the stability within the cell nucleus. Some isotopes of elements have non-balancing number of the protons as compared to the neutrons, as a result of the lack of balance between the negative and the positive charges in the nucleus; the nucleus becomes unstable and disintegrates. Radioactive radiation was first discovered by Henri Becquerel in 1896 as he was working on X-ray. By then the X-ray ...

The purpose of this paper is to develop a fundamental idea about the phenomenon of Supernovae and their significance in understanding the nature of our universe. This paper shall be trying to make an in-depth analysis of different types of supernovae that had been observed in universe and also the factors that cause them. Even though the paper does not go deeper into the technical aspects of observing supernovae and the characteristics of their each type, a significant amount of study has been conducted to make an understanding of how they are observed and the characteristics that make each ...

Introduction

Stem cell therapy has proved to be a boon for the medical world. It has made treatment of many diseases a lot easier than it could have been ever imagined. Diseases which were earlier considered untreatable can now be treated with the help of this latest development in the field of Medical Science, known as the stem cell transplant. Many medical researchers believe that stem cell transplant have enormous potential to change the face of disease among the humans and relieve them from their sufferings. There already are a good number of stem cell treatments existing in the medical ...

HCV or Hepatitis C virus infection has over 5 million people affected in US (Chak, et al., 2011) and over 120 million people worldwide hence a global health problem. This virus belongs to Hepacivirus genus and Flaviviridae family (Lindenbach, et al., 2007) with six genotypes and with more than seventy subtypes. In approximately 85% infected individuals it may be unresolved, hence representing a significant hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis cause. It is viewed as commonest cirrhosis cause and chronic liver disease in the world. It also represents the main liver transplantation cause in USA, Europe, and Australia (Thimme, et ...

Abstract

Thermal physics is very important when studying the thermal properties of matter. One of the most important characteristics is the heat capacity ratio that compares the heat capacity at a constant pressure (Cp) to that at a constant volume (Cv). By heat capacity, we refer to the quantitative aspect of the heat emitted or gained in a matter in regard to the temperature change experienced. This quantity is expressed in units of Joule per Kelvin. Heat capacity is denoted by the gamma symbol (ɤ). Whenever a gas is heated, the volume increases leading to more force being exerted on the ...

Nuclear activation analysis method is used in determining element concentration in the wide range of materials. The method relies mainly on neutron excitation because the sample treated produces gamma rays and thus allowing the precise quantification and identification of the trace elements and any other elements contained in the sample (Parry, 2003). (NAA) has significant chemistry applications in addition to other fields of research such as archeology, medicine, geology, forensic science and environmental monitoring. (NAA) The method mainly relies on activating neutrons and. Therefore, a neutrons source is required for the bombardment of the sample with neutrons leads to ...

Introduction

The conservation of the environment is important so that humans, other animals, and other plant species may continue to thrive. Furthermore, in order to effectively conserve the environment, an in-depth knowledge in ecology is important. This paper will likewise focus on issues that concern ecologist such as species richness, habitat depletion, and climate change.

Body

Species Richness—Alpha and Gamma Diversity There are millions of species that have already been discovered and a lot more are left unidentified. Species richness is basically the total count of species in a community and this is just one way to define biodiversity in ...

Introduction

Radiation detectors are widely applied in numerous fields for early detection and mitigation of radiation effects within premises. The advantages associated with the application of radiation detectors are tremendous not only in the medical field but also other professional fields where radiation detectors are employed. Owing to these positive benefits of radiation detectors, their application for various functions across different fields has grown at an alarming rate ever since their inception. Radiation detectors come in numerous types and shapes (Owens and Peacock, 2004). Nuclear medicine is notorious for the application of radiation detectors as compared to other professional fields. ...

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Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT scintigraphy) utilizes nuclear medicine along with gamma rays to get three-dimensional images (NLM, n.d.) of an internal part of the body such as heart with an objective of diagnosing a problem.

SPECT

In SPECT, a gamma-emitting radioisotope is administered into the bloodstream of a patient with the help of injection (Boyd, 2014; Hademenos, 1998). The radioisotope is, usually, a simple soluble ion as, for example, isotope of gallium(III) (Sharma, Prior, Belinsky, Kruh, & Piwnica-Worms, 2005; Wadas, Wong, Weisman, & Anderson, 2010). Most often, a marker radioisotope is also bound to a particular ligand ...

The article under consideration is “Radiation technologies: past, present and future” by A.G. Chmielewski and M. Haji-Saeid (2004). The research in question is devoted to the problem of radiation and its sources. The authors dwell on the historic background of studying the issue as well as on more recent findings in the sphere. X-rays and natural radioactivity were discovered as early as in the XIXth century. Very soon after that, Marie Curie-Sklodowska and her husband proved the action of radioactivity on living organism and materials. Since that time the study of radiation effect has not stopped. Nuclear reactors producing ...

Introduction

Arab Open University specializes in distance learning courses that people can take from the comfort of their home. Each course has several modules for which the students need to pass the assessments and give examinations at the exam center. The examination process is managed through a system that is looked by an administration officer. The administration officer books the exam venue by giving an initial deposit for securing the exam venue. The payment of the security deposit for the exam venue is authorized by the administration officer. The students receive the examination venue list three months before the exam, ...

Summary

Supported on carbon particles using the high energy electron beam Yuji Ohkubo, Masashi Shibata, Satoru Kageyama, Satoshi Seino, Takashi Nakagawa,Junichiro Kugai, Takao A. Yamamoto (2011) in their study of the Radiation-induced synthesis of Au–Pd nanoparticles of random alloy structure supported on carbon particles using the high energy electron beam found that Au-pd particle of ca 5-nm dispersed well on the carbon surface with ca. 30-nm without a significant agglomeration. Upon adding citric acid to the original solution, the resulting high pH was effective in the formation of alloy structures from the resulting bimetallic nanoparticles. Using the irradiation ...

Net neutrality is a design paradigm that has been used in the United States to protect the internet users. It argues that the network providers should be detached entirely from the information they are sending to their clients. Therefore, at no point should a given web information be given priority over the other. The policy implies that information networks are more important and useful to their users when it gives no focus on one issue over the other. In addition, the neutral network can be designed without prodding into any legality. The Internet is an interconnection of computers, allowing ...

If someone has made an invention to make life easier or to alleviate one’s living condition then the security of the patent for that invention is needed. According to the World Intellectual Property Organization, a patent is an exclusive right of a person for producing something that offers a new solution to a problem. Furthermore, a patent provides the maker with protection for their invention, and this protection usually lasts for 20 years. One privilege of a person who has a patented invention is that the invention cannot be sold, distributed, used or commercially made without the inventor’s consent. This right is usually enforced ...

The Sun

The Sun is known as the only one star in the Solar system. It is the center, around which the planets, asteroids, satellites, comets, space dust are revolving. The nature of each planet depends on the distance that separates the planet from the Sun. This bright star is important for all the planets surrounding it. So, how much the humanity knows about the fiery star that can kill the entire earth in one second? Since the beginning of time, people looked at the sky, hoping to learn a little about the twinkling stars and the fiery sun. As we ...