Essays on Production

Production planning and quality management is one of the key indicators of any company’s productivity. This is especially the case for multinational companies that conduct business in diverse and highly competitive business environment. In such a scenario, an optimized production process is one of the key factors that give the company competitive advantage and profitability. Some of the key factors of production include quality, productivity, efficiency, cost of production labour characteristics and cycle time to mention but a few. In this case analysis the chip manufacturer can only optimize its production process and eliminate the inefficiencies by focussing on the three major factors of production i.e. quality, cost of production and labour characteristics. Continue reading...

Introduction

Regional industrialization is an essential step in the process of economic development. The economists and the politicians believe that regional industrialization can form an economic structure in the regions to provide the necessary ground for socioeconomic development. Industrialization reveals the potentials of the regions by exploiting the regional resources including natural resources, human resources, and financial resources.
The basic theoretical expectation from regional industrialization is to develop new jobs for the people and stimulate the entrepreneurship in the region. At the first step, regional industrialization stimulates the human resources in the region. Assuming that regional industrialization brings new opportunities Continue reading...

VOLTANIA

Executive Summary
Voltania is a landlocked country in Africa. The Voltanian economy mainly depends on the agricultural production. In another word, the country is one of the less developed countries in the African continent. The country's agricultural production is the base production on that the government can develop an economic development program. Having based on the agricultural production is a big disadvantage for the country because of the fragility caused by the climate change. The country with a fragile economy does not produce enough income and new jobs for the people. Subsequently, the citizens face an unstable economy.
The Continue reading...

Introduction

Managing the inventories in the modern manufacturing operations is a tough process. Many manufacturing plants, both big and small, are facing problems in managing their inventory properly. Hence, companies are exploring new systems and software that can help in managing the inventory properly. One of the most popular software that is used to efficiently manage inventory is the Material Requirement Planning or MRP. MRP helps the companies in taking informed decisions regarding the efficient management of the company’s inventory (Vonderebse & White, 2013).
Other than helping companies in efficiently managing their operations, they also help them in improving the Continue reading...

According to Marx, revolutionaries required a new historical theory. Marx preferred the theory by Hegel, which he supported in his argument. Marx started his argument with the social class and furthered to the people’s relation, and the means of production. According to Marx, m6en are classified into definite relations that are independent of their relations of production. The relations of production are made of the foundations, the economic structure, and the political superstructure. According to Rigby, Marx states that historical change is because of contradiction, and conflict. The mode that is used in production affect the overall process Continue reading...

Summary

Organic beef production is still a new concept in the field of beef production. However, it has developed so fast and has become widely accepted all over the world. Organic beef production is somewhat similar to natural beef production but it involves additional steps of inspection and verification before the beef is sent to the organic market. The process of producing organic beef involves using natural feeds without any trace of inorganic components. Such livestock are also not exposed to any kind of growth stimulating hormones or the use of antibiotics. This research is mainly going to cover the Continue reading...

The Rate of Photosynthesis in Two Submerged Organisms (Cabomba and Ceratophyllum)

Introduction
In this experiment, the set alternative hypothesis was that the rate of oxygen production in Cabomba was significantly different from the rate of oxygen production in Ceratophyllum. This was informed by the report from a previous study by Van and colleagues (1976) that indicated that Cabomba had a lower rate of photosynthesis compared to Ceratophyllum and Hydrilla that had similar photosynthetic rate.

Materials and Methods

Experimental Design
The experimental independent variables were 6 grams for Ceratophyllum and Cabomba organisms while oxygen produced was the dependent variable. Water collected from the pond was used as the control in the experiment. The question Continue reading...

- You are required to evaluate, the two options for the production of product Z.

Comment and advise Tony accordingly in the production of product Z.(25 marks)

Answer:
Assuming 40,000 production levels, the cost associated with both the options are as below:
It can be easily seen that the cost of producing 40,000 units is less in case of labor intensive option than the machinery option. For low production levels, it is recommended that labor intensive option is a better option.
However, as the production level goes up, machinery option covers up for the extra machine rental expense and at some level produces units at a lower cost than Continue reading...

-How is Toyota affected by Globalization?-

Individual Assignment for Managing Resources in the International Business Environment

4.2 The role of national culture in shaping Toyota`s lean mean production system 6
5. Toyota`s expansion of production in the United States and Europe 6
5.1 Entering in the NUMMI joint venture 7
5.2 Relationships that Toyota used to manage suppliers 7
5.3 Evidence and long-term competitive advantage for becoming more of global corporation 8
5.4 Pros and Cons of globalization 8
6. Conclusion 8
7. References 8

Business

04 December 2013

How is Toyota affected by Globalization?

The reaches and access of Toyota is approximately everywhere in the world.
The company has its plants every continent Continue reading...

The ubiquitous climate change and the attendant consequences in the forms of flash floods, earthquakes, tsunamis etc has further intensified efforts at seeking alternative sources of energy to the currently used fossil fuels that contribute so much to the deterioration of the environment and the menace of climate change. The alternative forms of energy, termed green energy are renewable sources of energy e.g. solar energy. Theses green sources of energy do not contribute to the deterioration of the environment. The industrial production of hydrogen gas H2 is dependent on heavy use of fossil fuel-generated electricity to power the process Continue reading...

Introduction

The ideology of leanness is a concept that researchers have been trying to develop new and improved methods that will reduce to a very large extent all the wastages that are associated with the manufacturing industry at every stage and activity. Lean manufacturing is the production of more by doing less or by use of less material through reducing wastages at every level of a production stage. Leanness has become a very critical evaluation tool that is used for the comparison of recently developed approaches. It is nowadays used by all the new researchers in determining the viability of Continue reading...

Background of the Issue

With increasingly difficult organizational structures and continuously evolving markets, modern companies face more severe competition. This competitive market environment is no longer determined by the high level supply and demand curve and product features, as it used to be somewhat forty and even thirty years ago. Contemporary businesses have to learn to compete on price and upstream effectiveness to be able to develop sustainable competitive advantage in their respective markets. Past decades put in focus an emerging trend of production and manufacturing outsourcing, where large corporation found a great cost advantage in offshoring their operations in lower labor cost Continue reading...

Introduction

Material Requirements Planning (MRP) and Kanban control systems are one of the most prominent production planning and inventory control systems of today. These systems are the most popular implementations of push and pull strategies respectively. Speaking of MRP, it is a material control system that tries to maintain adequate inventory levels to ensure that the required materials are available, when needed. MRP is used where there are multiple items with complex bills of materials. It is not suited for continuous processes that are tightly linked.

The major objective of an MRP system is to simultaneously:

- Ensure the material availability, components, and products for customer delivery and planned production.
Continue reading...

Abstract

The use of a systematic approach which eliminates wastes by the creation of a flow that is determined by customer pull has greatly transformed process design in organizations. This approach is known as lean thinking while the process of deploying this methodology and achieving its aim is known as the Lean process. This paper describes the concept of the lean process and manufacturing with focus on the Toyota Production System. A brief history and background of the lean process is described and the background of the Toyota Production System is also described.

Introduction

Several organizations today are making the lean Continue reading...

Henry Ford is one of the greatest industrialists in the United States of America being the founder of the Ford Motor Company. Though he did not invent the motor vehicle, Henry Ford has a reputation for making landmark innovations in the motor industry. Henry Ford has the credit for building the first motor vehicle affordable to the ordinary American. By lowering the cost of the motor vehicles, he created a large consumer base that marked the genesis of mass production and consumption of motor vehicles. He also has the credit for developing revolutionary labor policies that shaped the American Continue reading...

International trade

Technology is a critical factor in production and international trade. The competitiveness of a country correlates with the level of technological development. Posner’s technology gap model explains the trade that exists between an innovative country that comes up with a new technology and the country that imports products from the innovative country. According to Posner, a country that has a technology lead will benefit from international trade so long as it keeps the lead. Due to the economic differences between countries, technological advancement and product innovation do not take place simultaneously in countries (Krugman & Obstfeld, 2012).
Innovative countries Continue reading...

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY POLICIES

References13
Abstract
Energy consumption and energy production is the major industry. Energy production and exploring ways of producing energy in an efficient way is necessary. Some countries prefer conventional sources and some have more natural resources so they prefer to produce energy through renewable energy resources (RES). So here in this paper we will discuss some of the energy production sources and their impact on the economy of the state. On the other hand, merits and demerits of the selected energy resource will be discussed. At the end, it will be concluded that which energy production source is efficient Continue reading...

Micro Manager Computer

Utilization of budgets and Pro-forma statements

Competition has and continue to influence the performance levels of different production firms all over the globe. Nonetheless, production firms in increasing their competitive capabilities can utilize several strategies. These strategies offer a competitive edge in both production and marketing of products. As such, being the manager of a firm that manufactures and markets personal computers, I will articulate on how budgets and pro-forma statements were utilized in ensuring the adequacy of funds in increasing the firm's production capacity, which is essential in attaining the required competitive capabilities.

Budget and pro-forma statements are Continue reading...

This paper develops an outlook into the automated businesses in companies, the advantages and merits of adopting such a policy in the running of the factories and the possible consequences that may be experienced as a result of the same. There is a bias taken towards the critical analysis of the factors that may lead a company into adopting automation of its systems. A comparison of the traditional methods of running business and the modern technologically savvy approach is also given preference in as far as the business automation is concerned. There is also the analysis of the consideration Continue reading...

In supply business, the duties of a supply chain manager are to work with manufacturers, suppliers, distributors, retailers and customers. The sale of goods and the services for delivery are managed by them. The supply chain managers must be well acknowledged about the market, and they must have a keen decision making capability so that they can accomplish their goals. The managers are expected to have knowledge about procurement; quality, service, and project management; production planning; transportation and inventory control. The supply chain managers must be able to counter any day to day changes and apply strategies to overcome Continue reading...

Standard costing and variance analysis

The standard cost is the predetermined cost that is carefully and definition. The estimated cost of the production of a single unit or the cost of different service performance is done (Rajasekaran & Lalitha, 2011). This is the narrow definition of the standard cost. The broad meaning of the standard cost is the estimated production cost that is involved in the projects, operation production and the administrative purposes. The standard costing uses the techniques that standardize the cost and the revenues. This is in the purpose of controlling the cost factors and the determinant through the variance analysis.
It is Continue reading...

The term “historical materialism” refers to a methodology for studying history, economics and society. Its first expression came from Karl Marx, who presented it as the materialist conception of history. This theory seeks to explain changes in productive capacity and technology on the basis of the organization of economy and society as a whole. The theory focuses on the means that humans use to generate the necessities of existence. The relationships among the social classes, the political structures at work in a society, and the general ideologies at play all are part of the consideration. Since the time of Continue reading...

Implement lean elements on project management

Operation management is a comprehensive process of coordinating all activities in a project in order to achieve the set goal within the stipulated framework. Every operation manager designs a network schedule of the sequence of all activities, their succeeding process, slack time and the maximum time which the whole project should consume from the initial to the final stage. The goal of managing a project is to ensure that the process is time-framed, cost-effective and maximum utilization of resources. A lean operation is a production strategy that strives to improve the project schedule, carriage costs and improve the value Continue reading...

Introduction

The modern age has brought forth a series of innovations that have enabled people to organize themselves better through the formation of various structures. Modernism, as it stands, focuses on the presence of structures that provides for the organization of human actions. Verily, the concept of nationalism is a crucial aspect of modernist thought, standing as a prevalent status quo starting from the 19th century.
This study explores nationalism under the lens of modernism. How is nationalism a uniquely modern concept? What preceded nationalism in terms of organizing people politically? How did the modern period feature the emancipation of Continue reading...

Managerial Accounting helps in the provision of important information that supports the internal management processes of an organization. In so doing, Managerial Accounting greatly helps the organization’s management to achieve the set goals. This is realized through planning and control, and appropriate decision making. Both standard costing and budgeting techniques help in planning and control, while direct costing and capital budgeting, among other techniques, help in decision making. In general terms, Managerial Accounting is all about the methods and ideas that provide accounting information aimed at supporting directly the managerial roles in an organization.
On the other hand, Continue reading...

Management

Management

Introduction

This report seeks to evaluate lean systems, inventory management, aggregate production planning and master scheduling and recommend the best philosophy to be adopted by Unico Plant.

Lean system, which is also known as Just in Time (JIT) system refers to a system that seeks to purchase or produce components or products when they are required for use or by customers and not for stock. Lean system is a pull system that responds to consumer or internal demand. Therefore, lean systems can be applied in both production and purchasing. Lean systems seeks to eliminate non-value adding activities, keep zero Continue reading...

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Introduction
Proper nutrition is essential for protecting and maintaining the health of every person. Food consumption is a primary way to gain nutrients; with that, proper nutrition lies on proper practice of food consumption. Therefore, it is important to note the kind of food taken for consumption if one is to practice the ways of proper nutrition. A careful examination of the kinds of food taken for consumption is essential for taking in the right nutrients.
In contemporary times, food production has imposed a significant effect on the nutritional factor of food. Some Continue reading...

Introduction to Materials Management

Logistics or material management (MM) basically handles the processes of procurement to payments, from inventory management through final receipt of invoices and verification process. This includes overseeing a placement and movement of related tangible items. The basic elements associated with materials management are quality control and inventory management. Some analysts consider spare parts as one of the major elements as well. Materials management is vital in huge production and distribution environments. The prime objective of this type of management is to maximize quality service and to minimize the cost; to be able to fulfill customer demands at required place Continue reading...

Introduction:

Operation management is an essential element of any organization. Every organization has to produce some products and services and therefore they have operation functions for the production of those services or products. Operation management of manufacturing sector differs from service. The automobile sector is a manufacturing sector in which production of the product (car) take place and all the activities that take place during the transformation process (from input to final product) come under the header of operation management.The automobile industry is amongst the biggest industries of Europe. The competition in this sector is exemplified by high market diffusion, Continue reading...

Introduction

Traditional and well-known manufacturing companies often struggle to implement newer process changes and manufacturing practices in business. Economic order quantity was a popular concept in the early part of 20th century. Almost all companies then used economic order quantity purchasing policy. Most of the companies probably benefitted from implementing economic order quantity (EOQ), but some failed as it was not relevant for the product type and industry. In the later part of 20th century, many new manufacturing process techniques came into limelight. Just in Time system, Toyota Production System, Theory of Constraints, MRP and ERP systems, TPM, Lean manufacturing Continue reading...

Cement is an integral material in the construction industry and apart from infrastructure and building construction; cement has its vital role in economic development of the nations. The consumption and production are on the increase due to rapid population growth and fast industrialization. As a matter of fact, that industry is facing numerous challenges in the context of energy resources and environmental issues in the form of greenhouse emissions during the process of production. In addition, its production is associated with differently economic activities and it is predicted to grow even with a faster rate in the future years. Continue reading...

Question One

- Craft production system
One of the main advantages of craft production systems is that even if the volume of production is low, the products fetch very high prices. Additionally, the quality of the products is high because the process is coordinated by the owner while he is directly in contact with the customers, contractors and workers. This notwithstanding, the production can only be owned by the rich because it is capital intensive. The quality of the products is still unpredictable because all products are essentially prototypes.
- Mass production systems
This system is advantageous in that it leads Continue reading...

IS THE GDP OVERRATED?

Introduction
Gross Domestic Product (the GDP) is accepted as one of the main economic indicators. By definition, the GDP is the sum of the values of all the goods and services produced in specific time period in a country by using the current prices. We consider that high amount of production allows us to build a well-designed civilization. If a country can produce more than the needs of the citizens and export the excess production to the other countries, then this country can reach the desired goals. In another word, the GDP is generally accepted as an indicator of Continue reading...

As it is well known, agriculture serves a huge role in sustaining the growth and reducing poverty in developing countries. It is important in the Sub-Saharan Africa as it's about two-thirds of the population rely on it for employment and food. The sector of agriculture has been termed as the backbone of developing countries as it contributes to the GDP where employment and income are generated to bring growth and development (Phillip, 2011). Over the years, agricultural productivity has received much attention through strategies that aim at resolving the problem issues of low production. It has become evident that Continue reading...

Market Audit Report for E-cofueling
Executive Summary
E-cofueling company produces ‘clean’ fuel that has very minimal carbon emissions to the environment. It uses plant remains to produce ethanol which acts as an alternative source of fuel. The purpose of this report is to conduct a marketing audit report for the E-CoFueling Company. The report is detailed and Continue reading...

Inventory Costs

Introduction
Production can be described as a flow concept, which measures the volume of output per unit of time. The efficiency of production refers to the proportion of total resource content that can be transformed into a product that can be sold to the market. There are a number of ways that can be used to improve the efficiency of production techniques that are used by the firm. These strategies are either qualitative or quantitative in nature. They are the subject of discussion in this report.

Raw materials refer to the inputs used in developing the final product. They Continue reading...

24, 03, 2014

QUESTION 1
- Develop a master production schedule for the bread-maker. What do the projected ending inventory and available-to-promise numbers look like? Has Realco “overpromised”? In your view, should Realco update either the forecast or the production numbers?
In this case, master production schedule form the core of this approach even though the stability of the approach is question because of the numerous assumptions on which it is based. The quantities supplied and demanded are derived from Jack’s unverified assumptions. Thigh heightens the cost of inventories, which consequently leads to the lowering of the profit margins for Continue reading...

Oil and its products comprise some of the key commodities and products for any economy from their crucial role in energy supply. In addition, oil has been a commodity whose sourcing, production as well as marketing has being of great concern to many economic stakeholders as energy is one of the key drivers of economic growth and development. In addition, oil has been at the centre of governments’ policies focus as countries seek to secure supply and enhance production as well as tap the benefits that come with the precious commodity. In that respect, this analysis seeks to establish Continue reading...

Introduction

Japan is among the countries that experienced vigorous adjustments in agricultural structures in the economic development process and liberalization of the world trade. Paths of adjustment in agriculture that have been taken by Japan are different from other countries that are advanced like North America and Western Europe. This makes them conflict during negotiations of trade and world agricultural policy reforms. The agricultural sector in Japan has become the main talk of other nations concerning its strategy towards trade and liberalization. Many nations want to form partnerships with Japan. Policy makers have not created any sustainable policies towards agricultural Continue reading...

Introduction

Quality management is perhaps one of the most important strategies in the current business world. Several big firms are shifting attention from sales projected businesses to production of quality goods as well as quality service provision. In developing long term strategies, businesses in different fields have developed keen interest in quality assurance and making it a priority in business management. This paper looks to examine how Toyota Company has risen to the top of vehicle manufacturing through implementation of quality management systems in its operation.

Quality Assurance and Quality Management

In business, the term quality may refer to a reliable product as well as Continue reading...