Essays on Pharmacy

Introduction

Pharmaceutical wastes contain ingredients that are designed to have pharmacological effects and provide benefits to the society (WHO, 2012). Pharmaceutical wastes include illegal drugs, pharmaceutical products, and pharmaceutical ingredients. Regulations dealing with pharmaceutical wastes resulted from studies indicating that fish and wildlife were suffering from an increase in the content of drugs in the water resources. A study conducted by the Geological Society in the United States, in 2002, indicated an increase in the percentage pharmaceuticals released to water streams (Smith, 2002). This indicated a clear lack of a proper disposal system for pharmaceutical wastes.

RCRA

This refers to Resource Conservation and ...

The world of pharmacy is one that has interested me for a very long time. With this in mind, I would like to go down a career path that follows that discipline to its highest level before retirement. In this presentation, I will map out my career path plan from college graduation to retirement, as well as all the jobs I wish to have within that industry.

Right out of college, I will become a pharmacy technician. A pharmacy technician or aid works under a licensed pharmacist to work with customers and prepare medications within the pharmacy. The technician would be in charge ...

Medication errors can have potentially serious consequences for patients and healthcare workers. For patients, they can lead to serious injuries, disability, and even death (Hashemi, 2007). For healthcare workers, they can lead to withdrawal of practicing licenses and other disciplinary actions. The indictment of three registered nurses for negligent homicide following the death of a newborn occasioned by a medication error in 1997 ushered in a chilling novel level of disciplinary action: criminal prosecution. This paper will discuss emerging issues related to an instance of medication error that resulted in criminal charges against the nurses who were involved. The incident involved three ...

Many people who suffer from a substance addiction also suffer from a mental health problem at the same time and the difficulties they are faced with far outweigh the effects of either alone. Often, only one of the two problems is identified and that depends on the primary problems treated where the diagnosis is given and which problem is most prominent. When one of the problems is severe it may eclipse the other problems the individual is suffering from.

Although one problem may be considered primary and the rest secondary, this does not mean that the individual isn’t experiencing serious ...

An EHR system is an electronic health records system that stores all the medical information about a patient. The system is a digital version of keeping records that can be located at any moment. When accessed, the system will show the medical journey of a patient, from a previous diagnosis, allergies, the medication they have been given and the laboratory test results. Because of this, the system helps in promoting the management of the risks that occur with errors on medication. In addition, the systems operate on a digital network that makes it easy for any healthcare to access information about a patient at any ...

Different cultures have different beliefs, methods, communication, and medication used for different illnesses. Such medication and its methods in a particular contradict greatly with the modern medicine and procedures. In the Asian Culture, the Indians have a rich history of medication and practices. Some traditions that have passed the test of time in India and are today integrated with the medical practices today. For example, the Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha commonly referred to as folk traditions or the “Lok Parampara” is a tradition passed from generation to another (Gayatri Palat, 2012). Word of mouth is the most used method of passing ...

For the given pharmaceutical organization, the key objective of installing appropriate IT systems will be to deliver better services to the customer, keep the track records of the patients for increasing the efficiency of the operational activities, keeping the records of the stocks of all medications present in the shop, and maintaining the financial records of all the transactions that are carried out within the organization. This will help the organization to create a center of excellence for the patient care. With the help of this technology, it would be easy for the employees to carry out all the procedures ...

Part 1

Community oriented policing services or COPS developed as a response to public fears in the early 1990s of rampant crime and politicians promises to “put 100,000 officers” on the streets at a minimal cost (Roth & Ryan, 2000). At around the same time new research into policing methods began to question the traditional police approach to fighting crime. According to the research, simply putting out more patrols to respond to crimes after they happen was not enough to substantially decrease crime. Instead, the research argued police needed to attack the underlying issues that facilitate the occurrence of crime (Roth ...

SMOKING CESSATION: HELPING YOUR PATIENTS KICK THE HABIT

Ans. 1. There were two primary learning goals before I started this exercise. These goals were a) To learn about various pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions helpful in smoking cessation programs and b) To understand the role of pharmacy technicians in supporting the patients attempting to quit smoking.

Ans 2. Specific patient cases or practice-related problems motivated me to choose this learning goal. The harm caused by cigarette smoking is well-known and documented. Smoking poses the risk of cancers, heart attack, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and many other ailments. I am specifically concerned about the effects of smoking on children and passive ...

Pharmacology refers to the study of the functions of drugs and the effects on living systems. The main basic principles of pharmacology include pharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacotherapeutics and pharmacognosy. All these principles are related to nursing because it provides clinicians with the essential pharmacology information they require in order to administer drugs effectively and safely. It also promotes clinical reasoning related to nursing pharmacology.

Pharmaceutics is the study of how various drugs influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics activities. The second is pharmacokinetic, which is the study of what the body react to the drug that is absorption, distribution, metabolism and ...

- What is Lipinski’s Rule of Five and why is it important to drug design?

Lipinski's rule of five is popular as the Rule of five (RO5) or Pfizer's rule of five. It is a standing rule that evaluates drug likeness in determining whether chemical compounds that have certain biological or pharmacological activities have properties that make it a probable orally active drug for human consumption. This rule is on observing that many medication drugs have lipophilic molecules (Anastas 56). This means that the rule is applicable in drug discovery when lead structures that are pharmacologically active optimized. This increases the activity and compound selectivity insuring proper maintenance of drug-like physicochemical properties as illustrated ...

Health professionals make decisions with legal and ethical consequences each day (Furlong, n. d.; Reamer, 2005). This paper will analyse the actions of health professionals in two case scenarios for their ethics and legality. The first case scenario involves a 12-year old boy who has terminal cancer and has accepted he is going to die. His parents have; however, having talked with the physician consented to a trial therapy which the nurse consequently administers. The second scenario involves a physician who admits to a nurse that he routinely prescribes antidepressant medication to new residents of a nursing home. He further instructs the nurse to ...

A multi cultural and vivid personality, who is proficient in English and Korean, and has completed a full comprehensive 3-year training course in School of Pharmacy, I am applying to the Doctor of Pharmacy program. Internationally astute, with a great aptitude for details, and excellent time management, communication and interpersonal skills, I am especially gifted at problem solving and providing the first-class health care services and practice management. Growing up in a family of health care professionals in Korea, among which my grandfather was a pharmacist and other family members were nurses and a doctor, I spent my childhood in the surroundings of pharmacy. ...

In normal people, sexual response has four phases namely: desire, arousal, and orgasm and resolution respectively (Montgomery, 2008). Sexual motivation and desire and sexual wish are the chief components of phase one. These components are the psychological, biological and social aspects of sexual response. On the other hand, phase two is triggered by psychological and physiological stimulation. Phases three and four occur only after the first two phases have been fulfilled.

There are, however, two forms of sexual desire disorders: sexual aversion disorder (SAD) and hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). These disorders occur in a small percentage of the general ...

The exchange of health information is a critical component of healthcare service provision. All modern healthcare institutions have an integrated patients’ information management system. These systems store patient’s records in electronic format for retrieval by the care providers in various departments. The electronic exchange of patients’ information has many advantages. It enables the care providers to get patients’ medical records in a timely manner. Thus, it helps improve the quality of medical services provided by the institution. It also minimizes costs by reducing incidences of repeat tests. Moreover, it facilitates the transfer of patients’ records to insurance companies. The quick ...

Question 1

In my clinical practice, I have used Point of Care (POC) systems and Electronic Medical Records (EMR). An Electronic Medical Records (EMR) is a patient’s computerized medical record which contains health-related information and enables easy access to it. The function of the EMR is to enable care providers make diagnosis and treatment in an easy and efficient manner. I was satisfied with this system because it is efficiency in that it allows the healthcare provider to quickly track patient data over time. According to Hsiao, Hing & Socey (2010), it is efficient because it enables physicians and nurses to ...

Admission Essay

Growing up in Egypt, my family did not have much – my parents were extremely loving people who taught myself and my sister the value of a good education. Working often menial jobs, they scrimped, saved and worked as hard as they could to allow us to follow our dreams. When the time came to graduate high school, my family’s limited finances left us with a dilemma – allow me to go to school right away, or to save that money and work harder to help my sister achieve her dream of becoming a medical doctor. I immediately knew the right ...

Diabetes affects nearly >20% of adults older than 65 years in the US (CDC website, 2011). Diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes) occurs when the body fails to produce insulin appropriately or does not properly respond to insulin. Glucose, the fuel for various cells in human bodies, requires insulin, a hormone to absorb and suitably utilize it. Blood glucose level gets elevated when the insulin signaling mechanism gets compromised. This can lead to a host of metabolic abnormalities that leads to serious health complications. Complications caused by persistent elevated sugar level include heart disease, stroke, kidney failure blindness, foot amputation and ...

Paraphilia refers to psychosexual disorder that is characterized by intense and recurrent sexual urges, fantasies and behaviors that involve unacceptable sexual content. They are the sexual correspondent of compulsions and obsessions. The content of common fantasies can occur occasionally in the sexual imagery of people who have conventional sexualities . There are some problems associated with the treatment of people with paraphilia; patients can be homicidal, gravely disabled or suicidal if they feel confronted or exposed. They can also be dangerous to themselves, other people and are not able to take care of themselves. Avoidance and counter transference of ...

Introduction to Pathophysiology and Nursing

Congestive heart failure and cardiomyopathy in general terms are complications of heart diseases: a good example is heart attack which damages heart muscles. Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the myocardium or heart muscle where the heart loses the ability to beat at a normal rhythm and pump blood normally. Cardiomyopathy and Congestive heart failure result from various complications and heart diseases such as heart valve disorders, arrhythmias and hypertension (Ghosh, 2010, p. 49). Congestive heart failure affects both right and left sides of the heart, although depending on severity of damage and the location, it may affect one side more than the ...

Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapy that aids people to address dysfunctional or unhealthy thinking habits, feelings and behaviors. CBT has been known to be effective in the treatment of psychological and psychiatric disorders. These psychological and psychiatric disorders may range from problems such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorders, eating disorders to even drug misuse. According to Simone (2013), Cognitive behavioral therapy is well-suited to address the varied and often longstanding problems of patients with psychological disorders such as Personality Disorders for several reasons. Unlike other forms of psychotherapy, CBT only deals with the current issues ...

Medication errors are estimated to cause approximately 7000 deaths annually and cost approximately $2 billion in added health care spending. Improving the safety outcomes of medication-use processes in hospitals has been cited as a means of addressing this issue. Careful and planned use of information technology is a proven approach to solve a majority of medication errors made with paper-based systems (Paoletti et al., 2007). These systems have been found to provide much better compliance with the “five rights” of medication administration: right patient, right dose, right route, right time, and right medication (Hook, 2008). Accordingly, the present paper describes a test ...

If I prescribe medication to my friend without looking at the medical history or without a suitable diagnosis, I am violating both legal and ethical regulations. According to the nursing code of ethics, the nurse has to establish professional boundaries (American Nurses Association [ANA], 2001). Unlike purely personal relationships, relationships with patients need to be structured relationships aimed at improving the patients’ well-being. Several other ethical standards are violated as well because I engaged in a questionable practice that could possibly jeopardize my friend’s safety. Furthermore, prescribing controlled substances without a systematic approach and diagnostic evidence is a violation of the ...

1) What is the pharmacodynamics effect of angiotensin-converting enzymes inhibitors (ACEI'S and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB'S) in reference to the cardiovascular system? 

The pharmacodynamics effect of angiotensin-converting enzymes inhibitors (ACEI'S) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB'S) in reference to the cardiovascular system is based on its overall function of inhibiting the function of angiotensin II and aldosterone hormone production (Woo & Wynne 12). These drugs are purposely used to control high blood pressure, and they tend to act on the renin angiotensin aldosterone system to lower blood pressure. The mechanism of action ARBs is quite different from ACE inhibitors which act by inhibiting the formation of angiotensin II, which increases blood pressure by stimulating smooth muscles and water retention ...

I am doing my externship program as a Medical Assistant in an ABC Medical Specialist located in Jackson County, P.C. My normal working days at this center are Tuesdays and Thursdays as from 8 to 5 P.M. My duties are, to take patients vital signs such as Blood Pressure (B/P), temperature, pulse rate, respiration, SPO2, and peak flow meter (patients do undergo this test twice for established patients and thrice for new patients and then documenting the highest proceeds). We measure the height and weight of new patients. We also take the rest of the vital signs together with the ...

High Costs of Cancer Medications

In this paper, the plan of action to be followed in addressing the problem of high costs of cancer medications will be outlined and its components described. The following aspects will also be addressed in the paper, my personal role in the plan of action, anticipated barriers and contingency measures for addressing these barriers, and the role of technology in budgeting and nursing management contingent to the plan.

Plan of Action

Based on the findings of the literature review and interviews of two senior hospital administrators, the following measures for addressing the problem of ever-escalating costs of cancer care will be instituted:

Clinical Care Pathways

...

How long has the organization tried to address this issue?

I have been the CFO of the organization for the past 10 years and the ever-escalating costs of cancer medications and health care in general has always been a problem for the hospital and patients. This has been worsened by increased cost-cutting by insurers like Medicare. Some of the cancer drugs cost on average $ 60, 000 which is simply beyond the reach of many patients. New drugs are even more expensive. Although insurers cover part of the costs of the drugs for most patients, patients still bear a significant proportion of these costs. Some of our patients have become bankrupt due ...

According to the Mayo Clinic (2012), depression is also known as “major depression, major depressive disorder, and clinical depression, and it will affect almost 15 percent of the population at some time in their lives (Turnquist, in Payne, 2011).” It is more than just a sense of being “down;” it is a real, persistent disorder that affects your mood in such a way (i.e. sadness or loss of interest in former activities) that it interferes with your daily life. It is a chronic condition, and it can last for weeks, months, or even years. People who suffer from it ...

When interviewing men with a combination of Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder I and Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder with Male Erectile Disorder it is important to first rule out the possibility that there is an underlying physical cause creating one or more of the psychological problems. In the best possible scenario, the interviewer has full access to the patient’s medical history, and it includes hormonal work ups to eliminate these possibilities. For example, a patient with a hypoactive thyroid may suffer from mood swings, a loss of desire and associated erectile disorder, experiencing these symptoms on an ongoing basis could cause ...

The reason as to why I am making this application is mainly because I have a passion for the pharmacy field and I feel that this is the only chance that can make me fulfill my ambition. In my Bachelors level, I gained much experience in Chemistry and public relations. My years of practice have seen me learn to relate with different kinds of people even under demanding situations. I have learnt to work as a team player and deliver results even when the odds are against me. In interacting with the people and helping them solve their issues, I have ...

When I was in eighth grade, my close friend Rick was diagnosed with a hole in his heart. After repeated attempts to repair it, his doctors just decided that he needed a new one. It took two years to find a donor, but Rick finally got a new heart. A year or two went by, and he started developing the same problem that he had before. His immune system was causing the hole which had by then grown so large that he needed another replacement. Another donor was quickly found, and he was back by the end of junior year. This time his ...

Health Information Systems is a discipline that connects computing and information technology and health care practices and research. Computer hardware, software and communication equipment, forming a complex network. It entails the resources, equipment and means of obtaining, storing, retrieving and analyzing information in the health sector. This involves use of programmed systems to manage health information and securely exchange it between patients, health institutions, insurers and even government agencies. This interaction will improve value, safety and effectiveness of health delivery. These health information systems will find application in multiple healthcare disciplines including nursing, public health, pharmacy, pathology and dentistry.

Increased and ...

Hospice care is a complex issue that needs a multi-disciplinary approach. As a patient’s disease progresses to its final stages, the patient needs increasing emotional, social, psychological, and spiritual support. A community hospice nurse is at the core of the healthcare team.

Quality of Life and Functioning

Perceptions About Quality of Life and Health Promotion and their Effects on Quality of Care

I see health as an active state of being, not just the mere absence of disease. For me, the most important duty of a healthcare giver is to increase a patient’s level of wellbeing, from whatever level the patient may have been at the moment ...

Introduction

There are several ways in which drug delivery to body is being achieved. One of the most important methods is via the oral route. Administration of oral drugs has its merits and demerits. An important merits is that which relates to the 'ability of patient to use it anytime, anywhere' while the major demerit is non-compliance with the usage of those drugs that are not sweet to taste. Drug taste is a significant consideration to achieving a full compliance hence health care administrator or provider must take note of such factor during prescription. In order to provide achieve full compliance, ...

An old person is one who can make a sound decision on key issues. He/she is a person who commands respect at all levels of the society. This definition is based on the fact that only a few people live for more than 80 years and most leaders i.e. presidents, special UN envoys, ambassadors, etc range between 50-75 years of age. This was the opinion of 57 years old man. In fact, most countries have a set minimum age below which you cannot hold a certain office, mostly 35 years. Different people have a wide range factors and physical appearances associated with ageing. Some will ...

Abstract

It is disheartening to stand and watch infants and children come for clinical checkups and get pumped with one antibiotic after another. Sad still is the fact that most parents tend to believe that by so doing, they are helping their children overcome illnesses. Acute otitis media, an occurrence that is quite prone to children between two months and two years, has shown warring trend lately. The challenge that is present is in the fact that enormous works have supported antibiotic administration to cure and curb the spread of the infections. However, it is not until lately that the ...

Aphthous stomatitis is also known as a canker sore. It is one of the most common mucosal lesions that dentists and physicians observe in patients. It is seen more commonly in females. No specific etiology has been documented for Aphthous stomatitis. However, some factors like auto antibodies, and vasculitis mediated by immune complex have been brought forward as possible etiological factors. Some factors that can precipitate it include stress, trauma, hormones, heredity and chemical irritants. (Casiglia, 2010). Certain food materials have also been implicated, including coffee, cheese, potatoes, figs, nuts, citrus and chocolate (Casiglia, 2010). Also, some nutrient deficiencies, like ...

1. Introduction

Taste is a chemical reaction from sensory response of four main taste perceptions sweet, bitter, sour and salt. In the pharmaceutical industry oral administration is the most popular method of drug delivery and most of the drugs elicit bitter taste. Taste is an important factor in determining the drug palatability which in turn is vital in ensuring the consumers compliance in taking the drug and hence effective chemotherapy. In addition, in the ever competitive market, organoleptic properties (test, mouth feel and smell) are vital factors in marketing of drugs. Thus taste masking technology is an important factor in ensuring high ...

1. Project management is often defined as a process of applying managerial tools, knowledge and skills in order to achieve the project goal and to fulfil the requirements set by the customer within a predefined schedule and at a preset cost. The main benefit of the project management is customer satisfaction. It is achieved through the completion of a project in full, on time, in a quality manner and within a predefined budget (Gido, & Clements, 2009). In my career I have often relied on project management in order to define project objectives and to design a plan for project implementation. As pharmaceutical industry is time ...

I come from a family that lays great emphasis on the attainment of quality education and this has been a driving force in my journey through school, college, and now, university. I firmly believe that learning is a continuous process and that a person needs to grow and develop throughout his life in order to be intellectually satisfied. I have had a lifelong interest in the field of science. For most of my childhood, chemistry was a great passion, to be able to create new products from scratch. I participated in several science fairs at the school level and found success. However, science itself is a ...

The field of pharmacy has always held a tremendous interest for me - ever since I was a boy, I have wanted to understand how the world works. The way things react to each other on a chemical level helps me to comprehend a sense of order to our world - a step-by-step process by which something changes into something else. The organic chemistry that goes into understanding these reactions, and pharmacy in general, is a particular passion of mine; this had led to an ardent fascination with the field.

This need for order stems from a desire to understand not just chemical reactions, but sociological ...

1.0 Introduction

Nano-thermal analysis is a primary technique used in the study of the characteristics of pharmaceutical materials in the initial phase of drug design and development. Some of the drug properties that can be studied using nano-thermal analysis include the spatial distribution of the constituents, shape, and size particularly in multicomponent drug sample. Using nano-thermal procedures the different components of these multicomponent drugs can be studied and characterized without having to dissociate the drug. The technique is particularly useful in increasing the dissolution of drugs with low water solubility hence improve their bioavailability. This is by facilitating the formation of solid ...

Cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular disease is one of the commonest chronic diseases globally. It tend to affect either of the cardiac arteries such as the coronary vessels, it could also affect the valves and then the musculature. This disease poses a major challenge to the physician managing the conditions because of the diverse nature of the non-modifiable risk factors and the location of the organ in the body. It is one of the leading and major cause of death in the united states with almost 700, 000 people dying of the condition annually. Diseases or conditions affecting the flow of blood and other ...

Medicating the children suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and emotional and behavioral disabilities (EBD) has always been a matter of concern for the doctors and parents. Both the abovementioned disorders are related to children behavior and there are Different views and questions on this big problem in the society. In this paper we would have a look on different aspects of the issue and analyze them to get a conclusion.

A study was done by National Institute of Mental Health in the year 1999 on almost 600 children to find out an effective treatment system of the behavioral disorders among ...

As a nurse, I was attached to the patient because of his loneliness. As much as the subject was on his deathbed, I felt compelled to develop a relationship with him although of his unresponsiveness. The patient, Mr. Z is an old man of almost 88 years with no wife. His wife died about 14 years ago living him with two children a son and a daughter who both reside in New York. I developed a personal knowing of the patient when I spent some time with him at the hospital as his nurse. Although he had clearly lost his power of hearing, I ...

Introduction

Research, according to Burns and Grove (2011), means to examine carefully. In essence, it is a diligent, systematic study, which refines or validates existing knowledge or develops new knowledge. Planning, organization and persistence are the key underpinnings of a diligent and systematic study. The main objective of nursing research is to develop an empirical body of knowledge for this profession. In addition, Burns and Grove (2011) contend that reading and critiquing research studies requires learning of new terms, understanding the steps of the research process and applying a variety of analytical skills. This paper critiques a study conducted by Karavasiliadou and Athanasakis (2014), ...

The documentary focuses on the increased prescription of stimulants such as Ritalin in children. It evaluates the diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children and teenagers via prescription of antipsychotic and antidepressant medications. Therefore, the Frontline documentary is extremely inspiring given the alarming number of children being medicated for psychiatric disorders. Although the program did not mention any alternative approaches to diagnose this disorder, I think the prescription of antipsychotic and antidepressant medications is the conventional solution for children suffering from behavioral problems. A major issue in the Frontline program is that many children who were diagnosed with ADHD ...

Education is the key to a better life in the world. Because of this, many people consider education to be a basic necessity and thus explore all means to ensure that they attain good education. The exposure that a person gets through education is essential in tackling the day-to-day challenges in life. In essence, education introduces one to better decision-making when faced with a number of challenges. College education is an improvement of what one has learned throughout their lives. It is very important for one to attain college education. In the current competitive world, getting opportunities without college education is very difficult. ...

Introduction

Regarded are the gold standard diagnostic tool for mental disorders, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), was engineered by the American Psychiatric Association (Maddux & Winstead, 2012). This tool provides a common language, as well as, standardized criteria for the categorization of mental disorders. DSM is widely used by a host of professionals including guides researchers, clinicians, pharmaceutical firms, health insurance companies, legal entities, policy makers and other entities such as the World Health Organization during the evaluation of mental disorders (Maddux & Winstead, 2012). The most recent version of DSM was published in May 2013, and it is the ...

Antifungal Medications

In dentistry and oral care medicine, antifungal medications are prescribed less compared to conventional analgesic or antibiotics. However, it is mandatory that a clinician or dentist is familiar with common antifungal indications and medications available in the market. Antifungals are used to treat oral candidiasis. Oral candidiasis is known to cause complex oral health problems. Oral and pharyngeal candidiasis is caused by the primary fungal organism Candida albicans. Oral candidiasis is listed as an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Due to imbalances in the oral flora, patients using oral antibiotics could develop case of ...

Introduction

Medication process is the series of steps involved in the administration of medication to patients. The process begins from prescription to monitoring and evaluation of the effect of the drug on the patient. A number of health professionals are involved at different stages of the process with physicians participating in the initial stages and nurses at later stages as they are the ones who administer the medication to patients. It is, therefore, important that an effective coordination be ensured so that the process is free of medication errors. Medication errors refer to occurrences of avoidable nature that may harm ...

INTERNATIONAL EXPANSION OF PRICELINE PHARMACY, AUSTRALIA IN TURKEY: INTERNATIONAL MARKETING REPORT

INTRODUCTION This is a feasibility study report for Priceline Pharmacy, an Australian pharmaceutical company that seeks to expand into Turkey, within the primary peripheral of Istanbul and Ankara. This research project will involve a critical review of the internal components of Priceline Pharmacy and its female-oriented product portfolio. This will be followed by an analysis of the Australian business environment and markets.

INTERNAL ANALYSIS OF PRICELINE PHARMACY

Priceline Pharmacy opened its first store in Highpoint, Victoria in 1982 and it has grown and expanded into many developed countries over the past 30 years. “Priceline is dedicated to helping women look good, live well and feel ...

Medication processes entail the cooperation of healthcare professionals such as a physician, pharmacists and nurses that play major roles in medication processes. The procedure usually starts from the physician's prescription, towards pharmacist’s administration and then the nurses' contribution towards monitoring and administration to the patients. We need to understand that along these medication processes is where medication errors tend to occur. This is a major concern for both the patients and healthcare professional. According to the definition of the American National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention (NCC MERP), the medication error can be defined as "as ...

Sampling is the process of selecting a group of subjects to act as a representation of the entire target group. The selected representative portion of the population is called a sample, and it upon which generalizations of the research findings is done to apply to the whole target population. There is one principal way through which a sample might not be a representation of the entire population. This occurs when randomization is not done during the process of compiling the sample. It should be noted that randomization is the key to building an effective representative sample for the study. Randomization involves the selection of ...

Introduction

Stroke is defined as the onset of sudden death of brain cells as a result of lack or deficiency of oxygen in the brain. There are two types of stroke that can affect an individual namely Ischemic and Hemorrhagic stroke. Ischemic stroke is caused by the blockage of an artery leading to lack of oxygen in the brain. On the other hand, Hemorrhagic stroke results from a tear in the wall of an artery that causes bleeding in the brain. The part of the rain affected determines the severity of stroke suffered by an individual. The extent of damage on the ...

(School/University)

Rehabilitation of mentally ill in prisons and jails: issues and concerns

The California Department of Corrections (CDC) in 2005 added the term “rehabilitation” as a part of the agency’s official title, becoming the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, or the CDCR. However, the change in title did not result in a change of philosophy in the treatment of prisoners in the United States. Though the reintegration of the methodology of rehabilitation officially entered the regime of the CDRC, there is little or no evidence that the methodology has significantly changed (Berkeley- University of California, 2009, p. 277). Berkebile (2010, p.1) reported that by 2009, California’s penal facilities ...

Medical error refers to wrong administration of medication with the intention of healing. Medication errors have serious direct and indirect harm to the patient. The medication errors arise from various parts but mostly they arise because of system breakdown. The medication errors lead to many costs. The direct costs include direct harm to the patient. It sometimes even leads to loss of lives and disability. It leads to loss of income through the need for replacements. It leads to loss of assurance in the health care professionals. The satisfaction of the patients and the practitioners reduces. The patients who ...

Introduction

It is important to take the patient history. Nurses should take this history during assessment. When this is done, the patient’s problems are easily captured for the purpose of treatment. This has been made by nurses routinely. Roles of nurses are expanding with the new technology. They take information from patients, type it and make changes where necessary. Information from patients is private and confidential. Taking information from patients requires a practitioner or a specialist, nurse. In addition, taking the history is a fraction of assessment made to the patient. There is a need to use other information gathering techniques. Assessment covers ...

Recommendations for AbbVie’s Overdependence on Humira

Patent Cliff and AbbVie Patent Cliff, referred as drop in sales after the patent expires, is a global revenue threat to major pharmaceutical companies. Around 45% revenue dependence on a single medicine, Humira, by AbbVie is quite high in comparison with the industry, and the company can face major drop in revenue after the year 2016. As this product is currently a hit in the market, there are already many companies who have developed a biosimiliar of this medicine. These biosimiliars will be launched in the market after the patent expiry in 2016. Apart from major drop in revenue, the company is ...

Abstract

Patients put immense trust in the healthcare providers, and in return expect safety in their hands. Healthcare Informatics, and electronic health records in particular goes a long way in ensuring their safety. The EHR improves care through safer, more accurate and complete information being shared among all the healthcare providers. Wait times for appointments - procedures, and access to community care facilities - are reduced. So are for the laboratory test results and clinical diagnosis. The electronic systems also ensure enhanced security of health information through encryption. It also allows doctors access to secured patients’ information. These include patient physicals, ...