Essays on Pharmacy

Introduction

Research, according to Burns and Grove (2011), means to examine carefully. In essence, it is a diligent, systematic study, which refines or validates existing knowledge or develops new knowledge. Planning, organization and persistence are the key underpinnings of a diligent and systematic study. The main objective of nursing research is to develop an empirical body of knowledge for this profession. In addition, Burns and Grove (2011) contend that reading and critiquing research studies requires learning of new terms, understanding the steps of the research process and applying a variety of analytical skills. This paper critiques a study conducted by Continue reading...

The documentary focuses on the increased prescription of stimulants such as Ritalin in children. It evaluates the diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children and teenagers via prescription of antipsychotic and antidepressant medications. Therefore, the Frontline documentary is extremely inspiring given the alarming number of children being medicated for psychiatric disorders. Although the program did not mention any alternative approaches to diagnose this disorder, I think the prescription of antipsychotic and antidepressant medications is the conventional solution for children suffering from behavioral problems.
A major issue in the Frontline program is that many children who were diagnosed with ADHD before Continue reading...

Education is the key to a better life in the world. Because of this, many people consider education to be a basic necessity and thus explore all means to ensure that they attain good education. The exposure that a person gets through education is essential in tackling the day-to-day challenges in life. In essence, education introduces one to better decision-making when faced with a number of challenges. College education is an improvement of what one has learned throughout their lives. It is very important for one to attain college education. In the current competitive world, getting opportunities without college Continue reading...

Introduction

Regarded are the gold standard diagnostic tool for mental disorders, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), was engineered by the American Psychiatric Association (Maddux & Winstead, 2012). This tool provides a common language, as well as, standardized criteria for the categorization of mental disorders. DSM is widely used by a host of professionals including guides researchers, clinicians, pharmaceutical firms, health insurance companies, legal entities, policy makers and other entities such as the World Health Organization during the evaluation of mental disorders (Maddux & Winstead, 2012). The most recent version of DSM was published in May 2013, and it Continue reading...

Antifungal Medications

In dentistry and oral care medicine, antifungal medications are prescribed less compared to conventional analgesic or antibiotics. However, it is mandatory that a clinician or dentist is familiar with common antifungal indications and medications available in the market. Antifungals are used to treat oral candidiasis. Oral candidiasis is known to cause complex oral health problems. Oral and pharyngeal candidiasis is caused by the primary fungal organism Candida albicans. Oral candidiasis is listed as an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Due to imbalances in the oral flora, patients using oral antibiotics could develop case Continue reading...

Introduction

Medication process is the series of steps involved in the administration of medication to patients. The process begins from prescription to monitoring and evaluation of the effect of the drug on the patient. A number of health professionals are involved at different stages of the process with physicians participating in the initial stages and nurses at later stages as they are the ones who administer the medication to patients. It is, therefore, important that an effective coordination be ensured so that the process is free of medication errors. Medication errors refer to occurrences of avoidable nature that may harm Continue reading...

INTERNATIONAL EXPANSION OF PRICELINE PHARMACY, AUSTRALIA IN TURKEY: INTERNATIONAL MARKETING REPORT

INTRODUCTION
This is a feasibility study report for Priceline Pharmacy, an Australian pharmaceutical company that seeks to expand into Turkey, within the primary peripheral of Istanbul and Ankara. This research project will involve a critical review of the internal components of Priceline Pharmacy and its female-oriented product portfolio. This will be followed by an analysis of the Australian business environment and markets.

INTERNAL ANALYSIS OF PRICELINE PHARMACY

Priceline Pharmacy opened its first store in Highpoint, Victoria in 1982 and it has grown and expanded into many developed countries over the past 30 years. “Priceline is dedicated to helping women look good, live well and Continue reading...

Medication processes entail the cooperation of healthcare professionals such as a physician, pharmacists and nurses that play major roles in medication processes. The procedure usually starts from the physician's prescription, towards pharmacist’s administration and then the nurses' contribution towards monitoring and administration to the patients. We need to understand that along these medication processes is where medication errors tend to occur. This is a major concern for both the patients and healthcare professional.
According to the definition of the American National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention (NCC MERP), the medication error can be defined as " Continue reading...

Sampling is the process of selecting a group of subjects to act as a representation of the entire target group. The selected representative portion of the population is called a sample, and it upon which generalizations of the research findings is done to apply to the whole target population. There is one principal way through which a sample might not be a representation of the entire population. This occurs when randomization is not done during the process of compiling the sample. It should be noted that randomization is the key to building an effective representative sample for the study. Continue reading...

Introduction

Stroke is defined as the onset of sudden death of brain cells as a result of lack or deficiency of oxygen in the brain. There are two types of stroke that can affect an individual namely Ischemic and Hemorrhagic stroke. Ischemic stroke is caused by the blockage of an artery leading to lack of oxygen in the brain. On the other hand, Hemorrhagic stroke results from a tear in the wall of an artery that causes bleeding in the brain. The part of the rain affected determines the severity of stroke suffered by an individual. The extent of damage Continue reading...

(School/University)

Rehabilitation of mentally ill in prisons and jails: issues and concerns

The California Department of Corrections (CDC) in 2005 added the term “rehabilitation” as a part of the agency’s official title, becoming the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, or the CDCR. However, the change in title did not result in a change of philosophy in the treatment of prisoners in the United States. Though the reintegration of the methodology of rehabilitation officially entered the regime of the CDRC, there is little or no evidence that the methodology has significantly changed (Berkeley- University of California, 2009, p. 277).
Berkebile (2010, p.1) reported that by 2009, California’s penal Continue reading...

Medical error refers to wrong administration of medication with the intention of healing. Medication errors have serious direct and indirect harm to the patient. The medication errors arise from various parts but mostly they arise because of system breakdown. The medication errors lead to many costs. The direct costs include direct harm to the patient. It sometimes even leads to loss of lives and disability. It leads to loss of income through the need for replacements. It leads to loss of assurance in the health care professionals. The satisfaction of the patients and the practitioners reduces. The patients who Continue reading...

Introduction

It is important to take the patient history. Nurses should take this history during assessment. When this is done, the patient’s problems are easily captured for the purpose of treatment. This has been made by nurses routinely. Roles of nurses are expanding with the new technology. They take information from patients, type it and make changes where necessary. Information from patients is private and confidential. Taking information from patients requires a practitioner or a specialist, nurse. In addition, taking the history is a fraction of assessment made to the patient. There is a need to use other information Continue reading...

Recommendations for AbbVie’s Overdependence on Humira

Patent Cliff and AbbVie
Patent Cliff, referred as drop in sales after the patent expires, is a global revenue threat to major pharmaceutical companies. Around 45% revenue dependence on a single medicine, Humira, by AbbVie is quite high in comparison with the industry, and the company can face major drop in revenue after the year 2016. As this product is currently a hit in the market, there are already many companies who have developed a biosimiliar of this medicine. These biosimiliars will be launched in the market after the patent expiry in 2016. Apart from major drop in revenue, Continue reading...

Abstract

Patients put immense trust in the healthcare providers, and in return expect safety in their hands. Healthcare Informatics, and electronic health records in particular goes a long way in ensuring their safety. The EHR improves care through safer, more accurate and complete information being shared among all the healthcare providers. Wait times for appointments - procedures, and access to community care facilities - are reduced. So are for the laboratory test results and clinical diagnosis. The electronic systems also ensure enhanced security of health information through encryption. It also allows doctors access to secured patients’ information. These include patient Continue reading...

Atomic force microscopy (AFM): used for imaging, visualizing, taking measures and manipulating objects in nanometer scale. The device has a mechanical probe that senses the material placed on its surface (John 1).
Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM): the STM is used to perform atomic level imaging of surfaces. Its lateral resolution is about 0.1 nanometers while its depth resolution is around 0.01 nanometers. This measure suffices in manipulating an image that is good enough (John 1).
Nanoimpellers: Tubes made from light-sensitive silica. They are used to carry cancer-killing medication and target only cancer cells. These nanoimpellers are injected Continue reading...

Introduction:

- The impact of medication/dosage calculation

Position: Nursing faculty improves student performance with medication/dosage calculation

Body: Relevant information
- importance of medication and dosage calculation
- types of calculations
- A clear connection between nursing faculty and medication/ dosage calculation

Conclusion

- Summary
- Recommendation based on the reviewed literature.

References

The sources used included at the end of this paper
Introduction
Dosage calculation is the computation of the amount of medication to be administered in a required dose, strength and unit volume. Calculations are significant sources of medication errors (Cowan, 2009). The patient safety depends on the practitioner ability to calculate dosage accurately and in a timely manner. The Continue reading...

Introduction

As technology continues to advance every single day, health care systems are also advancing together with this technology. One aspect of heath care system that has witnessed massive advancement is the Electronic Health Record Systems, usually abbreviated as EHR. Electronic Health Records refers to a record of a patient’s health information and history generated and stored in electronic databases. The information may be in regards to aspects such as allergies, x-rays medications, immunizations amongst others. More and more health institutions are adopting this brand of health technology and abandoning the traditional methods recording health data that involve manual Continue reading...

Let me begin with explaining what Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is. In this condition, the upper chamber of the heart experiences irregular impulses, resulting in rapid and chaotic heart beats. The may case shortness of breath and intolerance to exercise. Its serious long-term consequences include; stroke; serious bleeding; cardiac arrest, and even death.
Traditionally treatment used to be started with medications. But, this approach had a limited effect. Since 1990s, hospitals had been performing a procedure, which does not require elaborate surgery or drugs. It focuses on the causes of atrial fibrillation. This procedure is called catheter ablation. In this Continue reading...

When a person is diagnosed having a psychotic disorder, especially schizophrenia, the first choice of therapy is to give antipsychotic drugs. Of course, for decades the antipsychotics have helped the schizophrenics to come out of distress and disability (Frank, E. & Judge, R. (2001). It is one of the reliable methods of controlling the chronic and distressing symptoms of schizophrenia. But it has various challenges associated with it. The side effects, aversion of the patients to take medications, drug resistance, etc. are issues that challenge the therapy by antipsychotics. A metanalysis is carried out to find out the current status Continue reading...

Introduction

Obsessive compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder of the brain and behavior which causes severe anxiety and involves both obsessions and compulsions which may interfere with the normal activities of a person. People with OCD fall into different categories. They maybe washers, checkers, doubters and sinners, counters and arrangers and hoarders. According to Robinson et al. (2014), washers are those who are afraid of contamination while checkers are those who repeatedly check things associated with danger like gas stoves. Doubters and sinners are those who think that they will be punished if they do not do things right. Counters Continue reading...

Introduction

Pharmacy involves the occupation of prescribing medication to patients suffering from various conditions. Pharmacists work either as independent pharmacists, selling drugs in chemists/ drug stores, or under a medical facility administering drugs prescribed by a doctor. The main occupation of a pharmacist is prescribing the correct medication to patients for a certain ailment. Whether working under a health institution or as independent pharmacists, they still provide an invaluable service to society without which the practice of medicine would be impossible.

Importance of the study

Pharmacy is a fascinating career, the idea of helping people choose the right medication for conditions affecting them is Continue reading...

Today, the most popular media through which the public get to know about the pharmaceutical products is through Direct-to-Consumer Advertising. Since drugs and other pharmaceuticals are involved, it is consequently referred to as ‘Direct-to-Consumer pharmaceutical advertising DTCPA’ (Pardun, 2009). Though the Federal Drug Agency ‘FDA’ regulates this sector, there are many critics that have been leveled against it. The critics say that the rules and regulations are too relaxed. Some also say that DTCPA is both detrimental and beneficial to the society. These arguments are balance, with opposes and proposers both making good points. There have been actions aimed Continue reading...

Summary of the article

The information on this article is centered on leadership and management. It explains their traits and roles in managing organizations. The article adds that leaders recognize their personal strengths and weaknesses while maximizing productivity by leveraging on their strengths and that of the staff in their organization. According to the article, leaders are concerned on the overall output and not whether they will get credit for their actions. This article contains this information in the backdrop of ethical lapses in pharmacies and their impacts on the entire healthcare system. Some of the impacts include shortage of pharmacists and increases Continue reading...

Background

Polypharmacy is defined as “taking multiple unnecessary medications.” According to , the percentage of Americans using multiple prescription drugs in the past month showed increased preponderance among those who were of the age 60 or over. In that age-group, 36.7% had 5 or more prescription drugs and 76% had 2 or more drugs. It is very likely that a large percentage of such people might be taking unnecessary medications. In general the use of prescription drugs was found to be higher in the elderly; women; and non-Hispanic white population and the lowest in Mexican-Americans. Further, those with a regular place Continue reading...

Introduction

Nebulization is the most effective method for delivering medications to patients suffering from respiratory disease.  Nebulizers do not require special inhalation techniques; therefore, hospitals utilize a variety of nebulizer designs for medicinal delivery.  One of these devices is called AeroEclipse, which can be operated via one of two different modes.  The breath actuation mode generates aerosol only during the patient’s inspiration while the other mode allows for the continuous generation of aerosol particles regardless of the patient’s inspiratory and expiratory efforts. Also, the AeroEclipse has two different patient interfaces: the facemask and the mouthpiece. The hypothesis of Continue reading...

Horne et al. (2005) characterize adherence ''as the degree to which the patients' conduct matches concurred suggestions for the prescriber" (p. 12).
An expected 33 to 50 percent of patients don't stick to their drug as prescribed. In a study pointed at adherence in the elderly populace, it was exhibited - recommended statin therapy, there was just 40% compliance. Also, the most noteworthy rate of non-adherence has a tendency to happen within the initial few months of therapy.
An incomprehensible number of explanations help non-adherence. Case in point, the elderly patient with numerous restorative issues obliging complex pill regimens Continue reading...

Today, the most popular media through which the public get to know about the pharmaceutical products is through Direct-to-Consumer Advertising. Since drugs and other pharmaceuticals are involved, it is consequently referred to as ‘Direct-to-Consumer pharmaceutical advertising (DTCPA’ (Pardun, 2009). Though the Federal Drug Agency ‘(FDA’ regulates this sector, there are many critics that have been leveled against it. The critics say that the rules and regulations are too relaxed. Some also say that DTCPA is both detrimental and beneficial to the society. These arguments are balance, with opposes and proposers both making good points. There have been actions aimed Continue reading...

Medicating Kids

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder which is also known as Attention Deficit Disorder has become prevalent in children and adolescents alike in an increasing manner as the years are passing. Reports have shown that school-aged children who are more than a million are diagnosed with this disorder that of neurobehavioral in nature, and which may transit with them into their lives in adulthood. Apart from causing impairment in socialization habits, ADHD is important to public health because it can cause impairment to school health. While many different ways to treat ADHD are available, which include therapy, counseling, and prescription of Continue reading...

Discussion Question 2

Discussion Question 2
In many hospitals and health systems, nurses have taken the initiative to apply the principles of quality improvement to improve clinical practice and hence performance and patient outcomes. The process of identifying a problem, analyzing it, and planning, implementing, and evaluating interventions to address the issue and translate research evidence in the process, as well as documenting and disseminating results have led to the identification of best practices in these various areas of QI (Stevens, 2013). For instance, staff engagement or participation, employing models such as the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle, and sustaining continuous improvements in performance Continue reading...

Discussion Question 2

Discussion Question 2
One family nurse practitioner clinic functioned as a diabetic clinic providing free services to mostly uninsured and homeless patients. Lack of insurance and a more-or-less permanent residence has resulted in fragmented care and noncompliance with medications. As such, the FNP added pharmaceutical counseling specifically for adult diabetics to the range of services the clinic offered in the community (Diggins, 2014). The FNP collaborated with a pharmacist who provided counseling. The pharmacist answered the patients’ questions, worked with them to determine the optimum times that multiple medications would be taken by each patient, and suggested combination drugs Continue reading...

Problem Statement/Introduction:

Prescription pain medication abuse has become an epidemic. The statistics on this form of abuse are increasing and are fatal. Prescription opioid pain medicine are being abused and are leading to more deaths than all other street illicit drugs including cocaine and heroin. Over 86% of OxyContin abusers report that they had not been prescribed the drug for medical purposes. Health care providers wrote 259 million prescriptions for painkillers in 2012, enough for every American to have a bottle of pills. In 2012, of the 41,502 drug overdose deaths in the USA, 22,114 (53%) were related to Continue reading...

Executive Summary

Sample General Hospital has been experiencing financial difficulties and in response recently hired a new chief financial officer who is determined to increase the profitability of the hospital. In order to do this he has proposed that the hospital add a retail pharmacy onto the main hospital, allowing patients to purchase their prescriptions directly from the hospital.
In order to create a comprehensive proposal the CFO created an analysis of expenses and a forecast to predict the profitability of such an endeavor. He predicts that vendor’s would finance the working capital needed to purchase the initial prescription drugs Continue reading...

Despite the fact that the human body possesses a remarkable capability, there is a need to understand the fact that there are certain disorders that prejudice the body’s functioning capability. Autism occurs as one of the disorders that impair the ability of an individual’s body to function normally. While much has been hypothesized regarding autism, it is of the essence to note that it primarily connotes to a disorder that presents with a spectrum of symptoms such as repetitive and restrictive behavioural patterns, and tenacious deficits in social interaction skills across different contexts. The most pressing concern Continue reading...

Why you selected pharmacy as a career and how the Doctor of Pharmacy degree relates to your immediate and long-term professional goals. Describe how your personal, educational, and professional background will help you achieve your goals.
The reasons for my choosing pharmacy as a career are many. First of all, pharmacist has consistently been ranked as one of the best jobs in the USA. A pharmacist plays a crucial role in the health care system. Apart from dispensing medications that have been prescribed by health practitioners and physicians, they also monitor the health of the patients, and give advice Continue reading...

Media for products offering relief for sufferers from depression, anxiety and other mental health issue contribute to misconceptions surrounding mental health. Many of the advertisements suggest that depression, anxiety, bipolar, etc. can be cured simply by taking a pill, and the reality is much more complex than simply taking a pill. Mental health is an ongoing process that requires different treatments for different sufferers. Not only does the medication and dose vary, auxiliary treatments, such as therapy and lifestyle changes are also necessary for many patients.

Medication is Different from Other Products

Advertising’s job is to make a person feel like they really need Continue reading...

An individual suffering from mental health can essentially arise from depression, anxiety, grief, mood disorders among other series of psychological distractions (Edwards 23). The world health organization has documented that nearly half of the world’s population suffer from one or the other kind of mental illness arising from inherited traits, environmental conditions and biological changes in the normal functioning of the brain.
These psychological concerns need to be addressed early in their onset period by professional personnel so as to keep the condition on check. The medical practitioners in this field including counselors, therapists, psychologists and life coaches ( Continue reading...

My fascination with Science, especially in Chemistry prompted me to pursue a career tract where I can utilize my love the subject. Incline with reflecting on both my personality and interest; I realized I wish to embark on a developing field such as Pharmacy. I believe that my field of choice will soon introduce breakthrough in the field of medicine and will bring positive results to society. I find working in this field inspiring and challenging. As a person, I am always looking at every chance I get to stretch my capabilities beyond my personal limitations.
My decision to Continue reading...

Abstract

Medication errors are still experienced in clinical settings in spite of the current technological advancements. Nurses play a crucial role in the provision of care including medical therapy to patients. In line with this, they ought to be trained on how to avoid medication errors. In this paper, a case scenario in which a nurse administers wrong vaccines to two patients with similar names is assessed. In addition, it gives strategies that can be used to prevent the occurrence of such a medication error. Nursing leadership, minimization of communication barriers between patients and nurses, a decent duty delegation process Continue reading...

Discussion 6

The Brumbies, a local Charter School has experienced exponential growth in the student body because of the allure of the school’s can-do-attitude. Currently, the school has a student body of 450 students. However, there is only one part time nurse to serve the entire student body. Out of the 450 students in the school, seven students require medication on a daily basis. Out of these seven students, four students take Ritalin while at school. Two other students require inhalers before physical education and recess. The other one student has a long term cardiac problem, and as such takes Continue reading...