Essays on Hepatitis B

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Introduction Cirrhosis is caused by liver injury that results in fibrogenesis and inflammation. These problems result in collapse of liver structures and significant distortion of hepatic vascular structure. This distortion leads to elevated resistance to portal blood flow as well as portal hypertension. Moreover, hepatic synthetic dysfunction is also caused as a result of these problems. Clinically, liver cirrhosis is considered as an end-stage disease that could result in death until liver transplantation is performed (Tsochatzis, Bosch, & Burroughs, 2014). Liver cirrhosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in most of the developed countries. In ...

Vitamin K

The body requires vitamin K as it plays a crucial role in the blood clotting process. Sources of this vitamin may be from food eaten and in some bacteria found in the intestines of human beings (CDC, 2016; a). New born babies need to be provided with the vitamin K medication at birth since, first of all they have got little of it stored in their systems as only a little amount can pass through the placenta, secondly, the bacteria responsible for manufacturing them cannot be found in their intestines and finally, the vitamin K contents found in breast ...

Abstract

The Vietnamese are unusual and even unique people. Despite the fact that this nationality was influenced by three world religions - Confucianism, Hinduism and Buddhism, and each religion had a significant impact on the historic course and development of the Vietnamese society. Culture of the Vietnamese people is unique and distinctive, and the process of its development has been lasting for the third millennium. The Vietnamese have many interesting and unusual traditions that they are likely to follow in order to keep their identity among the representatives of another culture. Language and cultural barriers are two main reasons why ...

One health problem that is a challenge to the global arena is the AIDS/HIV infection. In developing countries like those in the Sub-Saharan Africa, there are about 24.7 million individuals who are positive with the HIV virus, and only 39 percent of the adults receive an antiretroviral treatment (AVERT, 2016). This means that their adult HIV prevalence lands at about 4.7 percent, which is a lot higher than that of the U.K. that is a developed country. In the U.K., there are only about 103,700 individuals who are positive of the HIV virus, which means their adult HIV ...

Based on the latest report by the CDC (CDC, 2014), the total reported number of acute hepatitis B in 2014 in the United States was 2,953. The incidence rate for these cases stood at 0.9 cases/100,000 populace. Additionally, after variations have been made to factor in under-ascertainment and unreported cases, the predictable figure of hepatitis B cases in 2014 stood at 19,200 cases (CDC, 2014). In the same year, the CDC documents a total of 2,196 incidences of acute hepatitis C which was documented in 41 states. This data accounts for an overall incidence rate ...

Amongst the major infectious diseases, hepatitis is one of the most important diseases affecting a huge number of populations worldwide. Hepatitis is majorly caused by virus or other contributors to the inflammation of liver. It can be infectious or non-infectious. It is a big concern to deal with the disease as it is responsible for taking huge tolls of life with its remarkable symptoms in function loss of the liver due to factors like liver scarring (cirrhosis) or liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) in extreme cases (NHS, 2016). Viral hepatitis is considered to be the cause of hepatitis occurrence in ...

Question 1

Compare and contrast the concept of metagenome and microbiome. The microbiome is a term used in describing the entire habitat; it includes microorganisms and their genomes and the surrounding environmental conditions. The microbiome is defined based on the biotic and abiotic factors in a specified environment. On the other hand, metagnome can be defined as a collection of genes and genomes normally from the members of the microbiota. Microbiota is an ecological community that includes symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms that share our body space. The analysis of microbiome can be done for a large number of samples and can ...

Dentistry is a profession in the field of medicine that studies the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of various infections and conditions that affect the oral cavity such as the oral mucosa, tissue, and jaw disorders among other conditions. Dentistry professionals include dentists and other dental team members such as dental assistants, technicians, therapists, and hygienists. The dentistry team should raise awareness on the problems they face and come up with the solutions to curb them. These problems limit the dentists or rather discourage them from performing their duties appropriately. Most of the problems they face include the ease of ...

Immunizations in Children

According to World Health Organization (WHO), “Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine” (World Health Organization). This definition of WHO can be further elaborated by saying that the concept of immunization works by stimulation of the immune system. The immune system performs the function of protecting the body against disease causing agents. In its healthy condition, the body’s immune system has the ability to recognize any invading microbe. The leucocytes identify the microbes and produce antibodies against them. These antibodies are capable ...

Childhood Immunizations

Spring - 2016 Vaccination is a medical manipulation during which certain antigen of the infectious agent is being administered into the organism to induce the primary immune response. The first contact with the antigen is being accompanied by activation of the immune system and the emergence of a subpopulation of lymphocytes, which are able to specifically recognize the antigen. As a result, during the contact with the infectious agent, the immune system is able to react faster. While the purpose of vaccination is the prevention of disease, it can still occur, but in less severe form and with minimal ...

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulates all employers to provide a safe, healthy and accident free workplace. The objective of OSHA is to ensure healthy workplaces by setting up standards for employers, which they accomplish by training the employers, education and assistance. The mission of the OSHA is to save lives, prevent injuries, and protect the health of America’s workers, and as a part of the Department of Labor, OSHA promotes worker safety and health in every workplace in the United States . OSHA requires employers to act in accordance with the General Duty Clause of the ...

Hepatitis type B viral infection is a common and serious disease that is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV is a DNA virus with partial double strands and belongs to the Hepadnaviridae family. One-third of the world’s population is believed to have been infected by HBV of which 6% have chronic HBV infection. Depending on the rate of infection and carrier rate, the world is divided into low, medium and high endemicity regions (Franco et al. 75). The HBV resides in the bodily fluids of an infected individual and is transmitted via the same (Aspinall et ...