Essays on World Health Organization

Milestones in Public Heath Informatics

There are several milestones in public health informatics history and one of them is specialization. The health field is vast and has many fields of concern to help the patients recover from various health complications and illnesses. Initially a doctor was supposed to be able to handle any health complications regardless of any aspects. Currently, the various areas that medical practitioners can specialize are such as disease prevention, epidemiology, laboratory health informatics, epidemiology among others (Yasnoff, O'carroll, Koo, Linkins & Kilbourne, 2000). With specialization in different fields and progress in information technology, the various areas of health concern can be ...

In countries around the world, children are suffering and dying from malnutrition, disease, and poverty secondary to drought or flooding. Changes in climate create many risks to the lives of children and their families as they struggle to survive in areas where food is difficult to grow and workers are poorly paid. Due to the increase in temperature and extreme weather conditions brought on by climate change, many communities are expected to suffer scarcity of clean water with the result of perilous diseases and health complications. Disasters and humanitarian crises may bring long-term displacements and disruption to educational, health, ...

Public schools offer ideal settings for the dissemination of interventions designed to promote physical activity and life-long healthy eating. As such, schools are the only settings where the majority of children can access the opportunity of consuming healthful meals regularly, being physically active through extracurricular activities, and receiving education on healthy living. Nonetheless, many interventions have been ineffective because they often fail to incorporate environmental factors and system-wide policies that influence the ability of schools, families, and children to alter behavior (Coleman et al., 2012). Although recent investigations have made attempts to address the shortcoming, they have yielded mixed ...

Is Hand washing more effective in Infection Reduction versus Gel Hand Sanitizers?

Is Hand washing more effective in Infection Reduction versus Gel Hand Sanitizers?

Introduction

Today, the burden of health care-associated infections (HCAIs) are drawing attention not only from governments and health care regulatory bodies but also from patients and more so from health care practitioners (HCPs) themselves. This phenomenon is not merely because of the magnitude of the problem regarding the associated incidences of mortality, cost, and complexity of treatment, and morbidity, but also due to the growing recognition and understanding that, most of these complications are preventable. The medical fraternity is thus witnessing in tandem unprecedented improvements in the spread ...

Climate change poses many risks to the lives of children. Because of the increase in temperature and extreme weather conditions brought by climate change, many communities are expected to suffer from food and water scarcity and perilous diseases and health complications. More disasters and humanitarian crises would bring long-term displacements and disruption to educational and economic activities (UNICEF, p.8). Given this situation, the future of children at the worldwide scale remains under peril. Governments and other agencies concerned on the welfare of children must do something to address this worsening situation, or the children will pay the price. Climate ...

[Class Title]

Introduction It is a common knowledge that exercise is good for the health. However, only a people few exercises regularly. The National Center for Health Statistics in the United States, for instance, reports that barely half or only 49% of the adult population meets the standard guidelines for aerobic exercise while only 20.9% are meeting the guidelines for aerobic and muscle strengthening exercise (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). With almost 80% of adults not getting the recommended exercise, health experts are becoming increasingly worried about its impact to the health and well-being of individuals and society ...

(Author, Department, University,

Corresponding Address and email)

Abstract Overweight and obesity are considered as the problems in which excessive or abnormal fat accumulates in the body that may impair health. Nearly, 13% of the adult population in the world was obese in the year 2014. Moreover, the global prevalence of obesity has increased by more than two times between the years 1980 and 2014. Obesity was once considered as the problem of developed and high-income countries but now the problem has also been found increasing in the middle- and low-income countries, especially in urban settings. It is important to note that some of ...

Staff

One of the crucial objectives for the health care staff in Kenya is to improve the medical conditions in the rural area. The thing is that, compared to the developed countries, the number of rural health care workers in Kenya is extremely low. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the number of workers in the rural areas. The indicator for this objective is the exact number of doctors and nurses, working with 10 000 rural citizens. In Australia, this number is 29, while in Kenya – only 1 (World Health Organization 91). Therefore, it is necessary to increase the number ...

Obstacle to Sustainable Development

It is proved that in places where people litter, take the environment for granted and where people do not appreciate natural resources, the atmosphere is not at all happy ((Blakely, Haley and Woodward). In 2014, the United Nations on the basis of three indicators such as life expectancy of citizens, availability of education and standard of living (poverty or affluence), calculated the index of human development in 190 countries around the world. It is not necessary to prove that the index of human development greatly depends on the ecology of the environment - in other words, to prove that ...

A total of 57 million deaths were reported worldwide in 2008, and the majority of those deaths were caused by either non-cardiovascular diseases (36 million; 63%) or cardiovascular diseases (17.3 million; 30%) according to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2011). The highest mortality rates are associated with ischemic heart diseases and cerebrovascular diseases, which account for 45% and 29% of the cardiovascular-related deaths in men and 37% and 33% of cardiovascular-related deaths in women, respectively (see Figure 1). Ischemic heart disease is considered the most common cardiovascular cause of death as it accounts for 7.6 million deaths worldwide (Institute ...

Information and Communication Teachnology

ABSTRACT As telemedicine is used throughout the rural parts of Africa, there are many professionals and patients who find the entire process very beneficial because there is an allowance for a decrease in transmission of highly contagious diseases such as MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). If there are clinics that are found in locations surrounding rural Africa, there are strong concerns that patients will be able to transmit their diseases to other people who are otherwise healthy. With the use of telemedicine, the patients and the health care providers can see each other through a confined space and there is ...

Abstract

This essay is focused on reproductive diseases, which are considered to be conditions affecting both male and female individuals. Congenital anomaly, to be specific, is a kidney disease which entails absence, hypoplasia or the presence of fluid or semisolid-filled sacs, known as cysts. Cysts can lead to urinary obstructive symptoms through local pressure. Severe penis anomalies are rare and are normally related to urinary or various other systematic defects. Even though there are no specific cases reported in the State of Florida, various reports have been filed in United States, Canada, among Asian Americans and Native Americans, in Russia ...

{Author Name [first-name middle-name-initials last-name]} {Institution Affiliation [name of Author’s institute]}

Description of HIV

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that weakens and destroys the immune system of the body so that the body cannot defend the infection. HIV positive person also possesses AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), and if HIV is treated at its early stage, the risk of AIDS can be averted. If an HIV-positive person is diagnosed with AIDS, it means that the complete destruction of the immune system has been accomplished by the HIV and that increase the vulnerability of the patient towards various opportunistic infections. The ...

In this case, there is a report of a mysterious outbreak which has affected a dozen people with one in critical condition and one fatality. All involved are said to have attended the same event, and they developed symptoms almost 24 hours later. Symptoms of the affected have been presented. Nobody appears to know the cause of the outbreak. To find answers and solutions to these problems, some questions need to be asked and answered. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends some of the questions asked should include demographic details including occupation, clinical details (onset, symptoms, severity, and duration), ...

The World Health Organization (WHO), headquartered in Geneva, began activity on April 7 1948 in order to improve equity in health, reduce health risks, combat diseases and stop further international spread of viruses. It is one of the United Nations specialized agency working in 150 countries. Over the years, the WHO has conducted the service of epidemic warnings. WHO gathers information, makes recommendations and regulations to health authorities, informs people about health emergency, monitors programs, and provides international quarantine. The organization focuses on disease prevention and control of tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, influenza, malaria, bio-medical researchers and statistics. WHO spreads its ...

Briefly address the extent to which the needs assessment reflects the nine-step World Health Organization (WHO) framework presented in the text. For any particular needs assessment process to be effective, it must reflect the nine-step World Health Organization (WHO) framework. The needs assessment that was conducted reflects most of the nine frameworks outlined by the World Health Organization. Primarily, the needs assessment has a definite plan outlining when it will start and end as well as some of the resources that will be required to ensure its success. Additionally, the needs assessment was conducted after a critical review of ...

One of the best ways to know whether a certain food is high or low in a particular nutrient is to make the best use of Daily Value. Low does not necessary imply bad while high does not necessarily imply good. That is why it is important to know which nutrients are needed most and which nutrients are least needed in a particular serving. 5 and 20 Rule has been found to be the best rule of thumb (Abrams and Hawthorne, 2012). The terms “low” and “high” in the context of nutrients need to be well understood. The Daily ...

Abstract

Application of the nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF) processes is applied in the handling of water that is produced raw. The application has been investigated in the current day through various studies (Wang 14). The experiment of the processes of both nanofiltration and ultrafiltration is conducted in the laboratory unit which is operated in a pattern of cross flow (Ashaghi, Ebrahimi, & Czermak, 46). The study that was conducted in Oilfield of North Sea using the process of membranes of ultrafiltration (UF) and microfiltration (MF) indicated that the content of hydrocarbon decreased from 50 mg/l to 2 mg/l which recorded ...

Conducting interviews on domestic violence is similar to researching on other sensitive issues in healthcare. Domestic violence against women is a sensitive topic that requires adequate consent in order to avoid disclosure problems among the respondents. In addition, distress among the respondents, ignorance, resistance from the community, and silence are other potential risks of interviewing victims of domestic violence. The safety of both the victims and interviewers can be at stake if necessary measures are not considered before undertaking the research. According to World Health Organization (2012), researchers must undertake studies on victims of domestic violence with absolute privacy. ...

Part 1

Question 1 According to the World Bank Health expenditure per capita (current US$) report, Kenya’s health expenditure per person is 77.679 USD, which is higher compared to other countries in the region; Tanzania’s is 51.717 USD and Uganda’s is 52.294 USD. Additionally, it is higher than the East Africa’s average of 60 USD. The World Health Organization recommends a minimum of 36 doctors per 100,000 people which Kenya has not attained seeing that their current rate is at 17 physicians per 100,000 people (Gatura and Mbaluku 2). The number of physicians refers to ...

The Map of Haiti and others countries in the Caribbean

Haiti Acknowledgement This Cholera Proposal would not be having been possible without the support of “the Hinckley Institute at the University of Utah who gives me opportunity to serve the world and to see the good in the world. I am grateful to those who provided guidance and support during my internship at Medical Care Development International from ministry of health in Haiti (MSPP) I’m thankful my best Dr. Benavente Louis for his valuable contributions to this proposal. I’m thankful to Dr. Pablo Paolo and for Dr Jeff Wendell their leadership support of my research for this ...

In essence, active aging describes the idea of continuing to work actively during old age and into their retirement. According to the World Health Organization and other international organizations, most Europeans experience active aging because there are extremely low birth rates compared to the number of the elderly. In this concept, an individual can work in old age just like in young age. In essence, some societies believe that remaining active during senior years enables one to have a prolonged life. Apart from that, there is an argument that the conditions that affect one during old age will not ...

‘Author’s name’

‘Institution’ The World Health Organization (WHO) defines diabetes as a serious and chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Diabetes is considered to be a major public health problem as its prevalence steadily increases over the past few decades. This disease can result to several complications affecting different parts of the body, which can consequently result to an increased risk for premature death. Among the possible complications of diabetes are vision loss and kidney failure. (World Health Organization, 2016) Ophthalmic complications are ...

Introduction

Creativity exists a tenet of novel strategy that provides an acute and results-oriented process to existing problems. While creativity remains imperative in everyday solutions of predicaments, the overall success or imminent failure of the creative process as an insightful, and a rational means to an end is governed by the general approach and processes engaged. A myriad of decisions, policies, and laws in the United States have been subject to the creative thinking process. Evidentially, some have been successful, and some have failed. This essay will troubleshoot the general creative process that led to the failure of prohibition laws ...

Introduction

Health policy can be defined as a plan or decision combined with actions to achieve specific healthcare goals by implementing key strategies within the society (WHO, 2016). As per the World Health Organization (WHO), an explicit health policy is known to be associated with several success factors such as development of a vision for the future and establishment of key targets for the short and long-term. Health policies enable organizations, institutes, societies, and groups to define outline, propose new goals, and inculcate different roles across various healthcare sectors (Záliš, et al. 2016). Healthcare policies are known to unite ...

In this PICOT problem statement paper, certain PICOT questions are used using the nursing knowledge. The PICOT question investigates patients undergoing surgery. The PICOT questions considered for this paper are as follows.

P) For patients undergoing surgery

I) preoperative time-out/ Checklist to increase patient safety C) Standard Procedure

O) Reducing rates of surgical errors for the wrong site, site, procedure, and patient.

Time-Out/ safety CHECK-LIST preoperative is an essential aspect of providing health care around the world in every country. Surgical interventions are growing day by day as traumas, injuries, cardiovascular diseases and other diseases are rising with the time. The World Health Organization (WHO) has taken some measures for ensuring surgical safety in hospitals. WHO presented certain ...

Historical Background

Despite gender selection going back to our earliest societies, the history of gender selection in human embryos is relatively short. Gender Identification was first made possible in the 1970’s with the advent of technologies such as chorionic villus sampling (CVS) combined with ultrasound. This early method of sperm sorting has an average cost today of $400-600 More recently in the 1990’s the ability to reliably sex embryos for in vitro fertilization (IVF) has been the basis of the media focus on gender selection in human embryos. In 1995 clinical trials to achieve FDA approval, of this second ...

Abstract

Despite the improvement of the living standards and the establishment of health care systems in the twentieth century, many investigations have highlighted continuous inequalities in industrialized regions. In most cases, some people from certain geographical regions are discriminated against while accessing health care services. The discrimination also takes the social class route, where people from high social classes can access better health care services than people from low classes do. Therefore, it is necessary to come up with health care systems that can help to bridge this gap. The creation of Southern Region Health System has shown concern to ...

Ebola virus disease, formerly described as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, refers to a severe illness that is usually deadly in humans. Wild animals transmit the virus to human populations where it spreads through direct contact with infected bodily fluids. Typically, the disease has a fatality rate of nearly 50% with past outbreak cases recording fatality rates ranging between 25% and 90% (World Health Organization (WHO), 2016). For example, an Ebola epidemic in West Africa reported in 2014 caused global panic because it was “the largest and most complex Ebola outbreak since the Ebola virus was first discovered” (WHO, 2016). In ...

The purpose of this paper is to present a research proposal for nurse hand hygiene practices in a hospital setting. The paper will provide an introduction and literature review in order to identify gaps in the literature with respect to hand hygiene practice in hospitals. Finally, the paper will present a research project to address the issue. 1. Introduction The relationship between nosocomial infections and hand hygiene has long been understood and established with Larson’s publication in 1988. Although hand washing had been established as a cornerstone of nursing practice, by 2003 compliance in hand hygiene in hospitals ...

Tuberculosis is a serious bacterial infection that is usually spread from one individual to the other by inhalation of very small droplets originating from the sneezes or coughs of an infected person. The bacteria that causes TB is known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Kelly, Wilker, & Ambrose, 2011, p. 14). The main organ affected by the disease is the lungs (also called pulmonary tuberculosis) but it can also affect bones, the nervous system, and the glands. Each droplet of sneeze may contain between 1 to 400 bacilli each. Because the disease is airborne, the bacterium can also be transmitted to a ...

Chapter 2

Literature review Russia has a very large number of hospitals, physicians, and health care workers as compared to any other country in the world. In spite of this, the medical care fraternity has failed to offer standard and acceptable health care services to its people. Russia has faced a health care system crisis for an extended period since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Significant transformation in the social, economic, and political environment has adversely affected the health care system (Britnell, 2015). The poor health care system in Russia has been precipitated by the lack of medical and technical ...

Down syndrome was said to be the first intellectual disability syndrome and, at the same time, the most common form of genetic intellectual disability. People started to become aware of this syndrome when Esquirol (1845) wrote about it, although it was Down (1887) who first created an accurate description of the said syndrome (Scorza et al., 2011, p.719). It is one of the most common congenital chromosome anomaly, in which there happens to be “one extra copy of chromosome 21 in cells in the body” (Down Syndrome Ireland, 2013, p.3). This irregularity may thus, affect the physical and intellectual ...

Introduction

Tobacco smoking is considered to be a major health issues around the globe and is also claimed to be the most preventable cause of death in current time (Borgan, et al. 2014). Tobacco smoking is associated with 6 million deaths per year around the globe and is considered as one of the biggest public health issues by the World Health Organization (WHO) (Behbehani, et al. 2014). Based on current evidence and a report published by the WHO, 5 out of 6 million deaths are associated with direct tobacco smoking while nearly 600,000 deaths are due to non-smokers exposed ...

Culture is definitely one of the inherent elements for every person which affects the way one thinks, acts, reacts to the situations, makes decisions and interacts with others. Staying mostly invisible, the aspect of culture, though, is present in everything we do. Therefore being a nurse in the country of diverse cultures, or the one which is completely different from your own, means considering cultural issues and trying to understand them. Additionally, what may considerably differ from country is not only culture, but also the factors of risk. Therefore this essay will consider risk factors in India, and the ...

Introduction

The World Health Organization (n.d) defines substance abuse as the harmful or hazardous uptake of psychoactive chemicals, including illicit drugs and alcohol. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (2014), substance abuse refers to the use of legal or illegal drugs inappropriately. This term includes the repeated use of drugs for pleasure, stress alleviation or reality alteration as well as the use of prescription medicines in other ways than prescribed (NIDA, 2014). Substance abuse and addiction can lead to potentially fatal diseases such as lung disease, HIV/AIDS, cardiovascular problems, cancer, and hepatitis (Marsiglia et al., 2014). People who ...

A health system entails all programs, institutions, resources, procedures and personnel that are used by a country to meet the health needs of its citizens. The essence of a health system is to promote and restore the health of the population (WHO, 2014). Furthermore, an efficient health care system is always committed to the provision of quality care services to the citizens. According to Amce (2014), health systems vary from country to country. However, we have common elements like training of the physicians, robust funding, policies, health informatics and medical logistics. According to Kalisch (2014), the Australian health system ...

Framingham Heart Study

The Framingham Heart Study was first conducted in 1948 in the small town of Framingham, Massachusetts under the direction of the National Heart Institute. The objective of the study was to identify the common factors that contributed to cardiovascular. The disease at the time was the leading cause of death and serious illness in the United States yet little was known about it. Researchers recruited 5,209 men and women residents of the town between the ages of 30 and 62 years and began a detailed physical examination and lifestyle interviews (World Health Organization, 2007). The participants in the ...

Admittedly, one of the world’s greatest public health leaders was Dr. Lee Jong-Wook. He was the first South Korean to be elected as the head of a United Nations agency, the World Health Organization where he served for eight years as a leader. Dr. Lee had taken over as the director of the World Health Organization at a time when the agency was undergoing revival that had been initiated by his predecessor Gro Harlem. Despite this being a major challenge, his fifteen years’ experience working with the organization prior to his appointment proved significant, as he was able ...

Over the past several years, stimulant drinks have become very popular. Going by the names of Red Bull, Monster, Rockstar, Nos, and Amp, these drinks offer a quick “pick-me-up” for people who want an extra jolt of energy during their busy days. But, are these drinks safe, and should they be regulated by the FDA? Based upon the evidence, these caffeine and sugar-laden beverages need to come under closer scrutiny of US governmental agencies, such as the FDA. Modern stimulant drinks have been around for many years. Originating in Japan in the 1950s, the first “energy drinks” contained amphetamines, ...

The single-celled parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, causes malaria, was responsible for 214 million cases and 438,000 deaths globally in 2015, of which 88% of cases and 90% of deaths occurred in sub-Saharan Africa. The morphology of P. falciparum is characterized by numerous rings (young trophozoites) and the absence of mature trophozoites and schizonts. In a P. falciparum blood smear, multiple infected erythrocytes appear more often than in other species and the rings of the parasite in the blood smear tend to be smaller than other species. Distinctive crescent-shaped gametocytes appear late in the infection. In vitro cultivation of P. ...

According to the World Health Organisation, Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that affects humans. The disease is spread through direct contact with an infected individual, coughing or sneezing, and direct contact with infectious body fluids (World Health Organization, 2016). Between 2013 and 2015, there was a measles outbreak in Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea, and Vanuatu. In Solomon Islands, the disease was first reported in July 2014, after a return traveler from Papua New Guinea was discovered to be suffering from the disease. According to the World Health Organization, the measles outbreak started in Papua New Guinea ...

Numerous factors, which have become a consequence of the deplorable situation in the economy, led to the fact that DWI has become the most serious crime of all. Drunk drivers are hated by insurance companies, by the judiciary (numerous cases of drunk driving very slow down the promotion of other cases), by the supporters of a healthy lifestyle, by sellers and manufacturers of alcohol (because of this, the government constantly increases fines, duties and taxes), as well as human rights activists.  Nonetheless, drunk motorists increase the profits of manufacturers of various alco-stop (the total revenues from sales of electronic ...

One of the branches of health that has been gaining attention in the recent years is health policy. It is defined as a science which deals with the decision-making, planning, and implementing of specific interventions and strategies that aim to achieve a certain healthcare goal within a community (World Health Organization, 2016). In line with the different goals of health policy is the term health policy advocacy. Health policy advocacies act as the support and the act of persuading or pleading to another person. As a whole, health policy advocacy generally refers to the act of channeling the issues ...

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is the complete or partial removal of the female genitals. Different cultures in various locations perform the practices in a variety of different ways and to differing degrees. The World Health Organization describes four different standard procedures: a) Clitoridectomy – a practice where all or part of the clitoris is detached; b) Excision –a practice where the clitoris and part or all of the labia minora, the inside vaginal lips, are eliminated; c) Infibulation – a practice where all of the outside genitalia is eradicated and then the opening is tacked up to where there is only ...

NR451 RN Capstone Course

Term and Year Skin-to-Skin Contact for Neonates The separation of mother and neonate for non-urgent medical reasons is a growing trend in nursing practice. However, research has indicated that the practice can have a deleterious long term effect on the healthy infant and mother with regard to breast feeding, cardio-respiratory stability, and blood glucose levels (Moore, Anderson, Bergman, & Dowswell, (2014). The solution to the problem is to initiate skin-to-skin contact at birth (Moore, et al., 2014). The nursing focused plan is to introduce the practice of skin-to-skin contact following birth, which entails placing the naked infant prone on the ...

Introduction

Just prior to the July 26th Movement or Revolution in 1959 by forces under Fidel Castro. Since 1965, the country has been governed by the Communist Party of Cuba. Culturally, the country is part of Latin America. The country has several cultural influences, namely, the ancient aboriginal culture of the indigenous Taino and Ciboney, Spanish influences as the country was colonized by Spain, the inflows of African American slaves and a close relationship with the Soviets during the Cold War era (Skidmore and Smith, 2005). At present, the country is one of the few remaining socialist nations in the ...

The institutional Affiliation

ATTENTION (Introduction) If you think of the most precious and valuable things in your life, what comes to your mind first? There might be a few answers to these questions but there is no doubt that family has always been one of them. Ronald McDonald House Charities found a unique way to support families and keep children together with their parents when they need it the most. The organization has been true to its mission of “creating, finding and supporting programs that directly improve the health and well-being of children” for almost half of the century now (RMHC). As ...

HCA 302. Health Care Organization

Introduction Health care systems are essential in providing security to nation-states world-over, which goes beyond health issues; entire economies depend on such vital system for security. One only has to imagine the devastation of a population by an infectious disease such as HIV/AIDS. Despite having some similarities, health systems vary from one country to the other. Notably, nations design as well as develop their health systems in line with their needs as well as the available resources. The United States and Canada share a border, and thus there is a natural inclination to compare the two health care regimes. ...

The Nurse’s Role during an Infectious or Communicable Disease Outbreak

Nurses have a crucial role in the management of all forms of diseases in a hospital setting. However, there are instances when they are called upon to the field to apply their expertise in managing the spread of the diseases at the community level through clinical interventions such as vaccinations. Nurses are very important human resource personnel in the health sector, and thus there is the need to recognize their efforts in making the world a better place. The paper shall discus the study a pattern of a communicable disease and the role of nurses in managing its outbreak ...

(Case Study Report)

Part 1

Question 1. A. What are the key steps of the investigation of an outbreak? According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, epidemiologists follow a systematic approach in order to pull off a “quick and clean” outbreak investigation (CDC, 2012). The following procedure includes the ideal system in carrying out an outbreak investigation: (1) field work preparation, (2) confirm the existence of the reported outbreak, (3) vet the current diagnosis, (4) conduct a working definition of the case, (5) start recording individual cases, (6) apply descriptive epidemiology, (7) construct a hypothesis, (8) verify the hypothesis, ( ...

The habit of tobacco use has been proven to be a leading cause of premature deaths in the United States. Additionally, factors associated with exposures related to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) have been the leading causes of increasing mortality and morbidity levels in the country and at the global scale. To this effect, therefore, there is the need for having in place policy issues that will effectively address tobacco use amongst children and adolescents, reduce the smoking rates amongst adults and finally prevent non-smokers from being exposed to ETS (World Health Organization, 2013). As it has been established, most ...

Increased live birth delivery of women with natal drinking or smoking: A nursing critique

Abstract Prenatal smoking and alcoholic drinking are for its serious health risks during and after live delivery. Amidst the ethical question on this maternal choice, a contention insists that alcohol and tobacco non-use prenatal and at natal has increased. Doubts on its validity were noted. My hypothesis: the observation came too early both in the national English and the global contexts. The contention was hard to sustain. The diverse factors affecting global decision making work against that contention. Both the American and English data failed to support that contention on the strong reality of the incomplete and potentially unsound ...

One health problem that is a challenge to the global arena is the AIDS/HIV infection. In developing countries like those in the Sub-Saharan Africa, there are about 24.7 million individuals who are positive with the HIV virus, and only 39 percent of the adults receive an antiretroviral treatment (AVERT, 2016). This means that their adult HIV prevalence lands at about 4.7 percent, which is a lot higher than that of the U.K. that is a developed country. In the U.K., there are only about 103,700 individuals who are positive of the HIV virus, which means their adult HIV ...

1. The Substance Abuse Screening Test (SAST) is designed to screen out survey respondents who do not have a substance abuse problem (The Board of Regents, 2014). More specifically, the test is designed to be administered to teenagers and young adults, from 13 years old to 30 years old (The Board of Regents, 2014). Published in 1993, The SAST is authored by Terry Hibpshman, and Sue Larson (The Board of Regents, 2014). According to The Board of Regents (2014), the test takes five minutes to administer. In addition, as of 2002, its price is $56 per kit (which includes ...

In the last years of the 1970s, there was global concern over the discovery of a deadly virus that resulted in outbreaks of a hemorrhagic fever in West Africa (Peters & LeDuc, 1999). The high rate of death and the contagious nature of the disease was a cause of concern to the international medical community and researchers combined efforts to discover the cause, etiology, effective therapies, and methods of control of what would come to be known as the Ebola virus. Although there have been few cases reported outside West Africa, the potential for the spread of the disease prompts ...

Arsenicosis is a medical condition that results from increased levels of arsenic elements in the bod and it is a global health concern that many states are vehemently fighting to eradicate. A study in 2007 noted that over 137 million people globally are victims of arsenic poisoning and many more face risks of exposure. For instance, the situation in Bangladesh has been alarming, where arsenic poisoning dates many decades back. Apparently, it has a population of over 156.6 million citizens and at least 90 percent face a chronic risk of exposure of the arsenic poisoning (Khan et al., 2003). ...

Introduction

Obesity may be defined as the condition where an individual has more fat in his body more than the stipulated amount. It has been realized to have various effects on the individual’s health, such as diabetes and heart failures. This issue was mainly believed to be prominent amongst the older members of the society, however, over the years, the issue of obesity has been realized to be a disease that is also affecting the children in the society. As per the World Health Organization report (2012), about 170 Million children have been realized to be overweight and hence ...

The World Health Organization [WHO] defined healthcare policy as the branch of healthcare which specializes on the decision-making, planning, and implementing of different policies and laws that are deemed necessary to be able to achieve goals set in a particular society. It has been said that healthcare policy allows prioritization of the different goals of different communities which can bridge the gap especially when establishing consensus and informing the people (WHO, 2016). On the other hand, healthcare policy models and frameworks are different outlines or structures used by health professionals in the brainstorming, implementation, and evaluation of various health ...

One of the branches of science that is currently gaining popularity is health policy. Health policy is defined as the study which deals with the different actions and plans done by the local, state, and even the national government. Additionally, it includes the different efforts in terms of legislative and regulatory aspects, especially with organizing, financing, and delivering of health care services. Some of the health care concerns associated with health policy include trainings and seminars of health professionals, ensuring the safety of the different medicines, drugs, and medical services, implementing different public health programs, and regulating of the ...