Essays on Down Syndrome

Additional observation and information that is required to start planning treatment

First, I would get information on any associative conditions specifically behavior since I want to enhance Riley ability to socialize with the fellow students. I would gather this information by observing his social interactions.

Determining if Riley has eating problems is also important in planning treatment.

I will get this information by giving him some food to chew and then observing the process. This information is important since it will help the Teacher Assistant in training Riley on how to feed himself. Finding if Riley has sitting problems associated with abnormal postures or hip subluxation is important. I would get this information by observing him for any gestures of uncomfortable sitting ...

Genetic and genomic knowledge is a vital part of being a good nurse and meeting all of the competencies that are required to care for patients. There are a large number of genetic diseases, for example, and the field is extremely fast-paced. This makes keeping up-to-date with the information available important but challenging. It was an interesting process learning about all of the various elements of genetic information and how it can be used in nursing as well as generally assisting all health care professionals. The purpose of this paper is to discuss some of the information that I ...

Down syndrome was said to be the first intellectual disability syndrome and, at the same time, the most common form of genetic intellectual disability. People started to become aware of this syndrome when Esquirol (1845) wrote about it, although it was Down (1887) who first created an accurate description of the said syndrome (Scorza et al., 2011, p.719). It is one of the most common congenital chromosome anomaly, in which there happens to be “one extra copy of chromosome 21 in cells in the body” (Down Syndrome Ireland, 2013, p.3). This irregularity may thus, affect the physical and intellectual ...

Psychology: Baddeley’s Working Memory

Introduction – Baddeley’s Working Memory Short term memory is an important aspect in human lives as it influences behavior and outcomes in daily lives in more ways than one – of which the role played in development of working memory is an important factor. Even though short term memory is considered to have significant differences from working memory, they are considered to be related by eminent psychologists. The most common factor behind this perspective is that both short term memory and working memory are involved in the storage of information temporarily in an individual. Working memory can be best described ...

Trisomy

Chromosomes are marvelous things! They carry in their genes the entire genetic code required to build a human being. Comprised of nucleic acid (DNA) and proteins, twenty-three pairs of chromosomes located in the cell nucleus are needed for the normal development of a human embryo. However, sometimes things go wrong. This paper will discuss some of the consequences of faulty chromosome separation during fertilization, resulting in Trisomy. Trisomy is a chromosomal condition which occurs when three chromosomes, instead of the normal two are produced during cell division. This happens due to the failure of human chromosome pairs to separate ...

The essays “Why I Raise my Children without God” and “Dad’s confession: I almost left my disabled daughter” are both devoted to the problems connected with children and their raising, as well as parents and their feelings and beliefs. The first essay is devoted to the position of a mother of two teenagers – she decided to bring up her children without religion, but at the same time not prohibiting them to choose their own religion. She is a non-believer and provides a number of arguments, why God should not take part in upbringing and education. She believes that ...

DOWN’S SYNDROME

Describe a patient with the condition of Down’s syndrome. Answer: Julie, an eighteen years old female patient was diagnosed with Down’s syndrome. She was dependent on her parents for basic routine tasks like washing and dressing. These issues began to pose as more problematic day by day as it was not possible for her to go out on trips with her friends. She was unable to move out of her home due to her extreme dependency on her parents (Katemeadsassociates.com, 2016).

What is Down’s syndrome?

Answer: Down’s syndrome is a medical condition that develops as a result of Trisomy of ...

Many sleep disorders affect different people at different ages. These diseases present with different but related symptoms. The most common feature is an effect on the patterns of sleep of the patients. It is proper that both the patient as well as his or her family is aware of the expected symptoms and effects once an individual is diagnosed with any sleep disorder. Therefore, family health education is a crucial tool in the awareness creation among the family members. The focus of this paper is to highlight the signs, symptoms, treatment, and complications of certain mental disorders.

Sleep Apnea caused by Obesity

Obstructive sleep ...

Introduction

Down syndrome is an atypical chromosomal condition. The main cause of this abnormal condition is Trisomy-21, a genetic error, where every cell in the individual’s body consists of three chromosome 21 facsimiles. The presence of additional chromosome 21 replicas results in the individual’s abnormal physical development and the related cerebral disability resulting in leukemia, cardiac issues, and distinguishing physical characteristics (Lana-Elola, Watson-Scales, Fisher, & Tybulewicz, 2011). Although, it is not possible to cure Down syndrome, the availability of various treatment options make it possible for the parents and healthcare providers to handle the patient with effectiveness.

Etiology and Risk Factors

In general, ...

Prenatal Testing and Screening

Prenatal testing and screening have raised the number of ethical issues related to diagnostic testing in relation to special circumstances of pregnancy. The concerns related to the diagnostic testing involve greater ethical concerns for the parents with disabilities that need to be effectively addressed. It is debated that the prenatal diagnosis in contemporary society has enhanced the testing process to make right decisions about the pregnancy. However, there are number of concerns that evolve within our society concerning the cultural, religious and other social pressures. In the case of people with disabilities it is argued that the people often ...

[Biology]

In general, a genetic disease is any kind of disease which is caused of the deformity in the human genome, his whole genetic makeup (Melissa Conrad Stöppler). Basically, it means that person is being different from standard or normal people, because he or she is suffering from a certain kind of illness. Nowadays, unfortunately, there are many humans who are affected by various genetic diseases and the list of them is rather huge. Let us take into account and discuss widely spread type of genetic disease which is called Down syndrome. This illness is a typical chromosomal ...

Vanishing Twin Syndrome

Vanishing Twin Syndrome In 1945, Walter Stoeckel proposed that the general population of conceptions were higher for multiple fetuses that supposed, suggesting that a twin or multiple fetuses may die in utero and subsequently be reabsorbed without clinical evidence by the surviving fetus/es, mother, or placenta (Stoeckel, 1945, cited in Levi, 1976). Named the “vanishing twin syndrome”, the cause is generally not known. If abnormalities are determined, they appear related to early development and are chromosomal; improper implantation of the cord may also play a role. This paper presents a brief overview of the etiology, demographics, consequences, and tests ...

In this paper I will analyze the relevant readings I have completed on the subject. Moreover, I will offer the relevant reasons to justify and prove my position. Eventually, I will present the possible arguments against my point of view. First of all, Rebecca Kukla and Katherine Wayne offer a profound article on the prenatal testing. This article is unbiased and presents both positive and negative dimensions of such testing. Therefore, it is stated in the article that pre-natal tests often lead to abortions as long as parents are eager to have a “designer child”, adjusted to their own ...

The acceptance of those with special needs, like those with Down Syndrome, as an example, is a significant topic in the world today. While legislation like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) had worked to ensure that these individuals have equal access to education, employment and housing, among other rights, legislation alone cannot alter how these individuals are viewed. As a result, there is a remaining need to educate people and to generate acceptance of these differences among the public.

Situational Analysis

Currently, there are a number of foundations funding the public campaign to increase awareness and acceptance of those with ...

Influence of Social Learning in Children

Down’s syndrome Influence of Social Learning in Children with Down’s syndrome Social skills are considered as the developmental landmarks for a growing child. When children with certain disabilities are concerned, it becomes all the more important to help them develop the social skills so that they become readily acceptable to the society. Like all other children, the children suffering from Down’s syndrome also develop these skills through their interactions with their parents, family members, and friends and from the way the society treats them. The way a child behaves, depends on the surroundings he is exposed ...

Psychology

Exposure Therapy for Fear of Spiders in an Adult with Learning Disabilities: A Case Report Introduction Past research has shown that people with learning disabilities are prone to a higher extent of being susceptible to phobias of various types. Exposure therapy is a type of treatment for phobias, where subjects are repeatedly exposed to the thing they are afraid of till the latent fear subsides, primarily as a result of the subjects associating non-threatening cues with the objects creating phobias. Past research has depended upon behavioral indices to determine success, overlooking the fact that people with learning disabilities could ...

That Made A Curse A Gift”

Being a mother of a child with Down syndrome may be considered a traumatic; however, in the case of Joshua Myers, a 29 years old with Down syndrome, accepts the fact that such condition is a gift from God. Although, there comes a time in his life, he may think in a reverse way. As a matter of fact, Joshua considers his condition as a course. For that, he had a suicidal tendency – hoping to be hit by a car and ends his life. A person, who he does not know about and has not seeing that person ever ...

Adjustments are psychological processes that people use to adapt, handle as well as manage demand, challenges and problems of everyday life (Santrock, 2006). Thus, different situations are solved by different adjustments. These situations vary from different conditions to cases of racism and injustices. Some are genetic such as the Down syndrome while others, for example, racism are products of how members of the society behave and beliefs and are moved from one generation to the other. Strategies are adapted to help people improve on their adjustment skills. The strategies include self-acceptance, socialization to boost their confidence and a chance ...

Part 1: Flow Chart

The above figure is a representation of the flow chart showing the chromosomes as they progress through cell cycle starting with G1 to S through to G2 to meiosis and cytokinesis.

G1 phase: The cell undergoes growth at this point

S phase: The cell makes replicates for its chromosomes. Each of the 10 chromosomes then is comprised of 2 sister chromatids.

G2 phase: The duplicated chromosomes are checked by the cell thereby getting them prepared to divide.

Interphase: This represents the period occurring between two cell division All the cells that do not undergo division depart from the cell cycle and go in G0. Part 2 Down syndrome; is a result of extra chromosome 21. They ussualy have 47chromosomes. Klinefelter syndrome; it is as ...

Abortions

Abstract Human’s worldview is influencing their ethical decisions. But Christian ethics worldview - depends only on the Gods word, and that is the basics of their acting. In the paper we will look through the case problem “Abortions” and analyze what does Christians believe in this case, and how probably they would act in this kind of situations.

What in scenario makes it difficult to make a decision?

In this case there are two difficulties. First difficulties that mother is really want to have her baby alive with here, and as we do know she had tried for a while to get pregnant, so that means that she ...

DOWN SYNDROME & MALOCCLUSION

Down syndrome is a disease which is usually observed in the newborn. The disease arises as a result of some genetic disorder which reflects itself as trisomy of the chromosome number 21. This is one of the commonest chromosomal disorders observed among the human beings. Almost 1 or 2 children out of 1000 live births are born with this disease. The children born with this disease present with mental and physical impairment. These children also develop multiple oral problems like caries, malocclusion, periodontal diseases, loss of tooth and so on. Among all these abnormalities, malocclusion is a phenomenon that ...

I.Introduction

Down syndrome or Trisomia 21 is the most common chromosomal condition in U.S, one in every 691 babies in the U.S are born with it (NDSS). More than 400 thousand people live with it in U.S (NDSS). Risk of giving birth to a baby with the Down syndrome increases with age. If for mothers under 30 Down's Syndrome Risk is less than 1 in 1 000, for mothers aged 35, 42 and 49 the risk increases to 1 in 400, 1 in 60 and 1 in 12 respectively (TheSpecialLife.com). At the same time, over 80% of ...

What is Down syndrome?

Down syndrome also known as Trisomy 21 is a chromosomal condition where a person possesses extra genetic material that is: an extra complete or fractional duplicate of chromosome 21. It is one of the most common birth defects. It affects 1 in 800 to 1 in 1000 live born infants. Close to half of all affected children develop heart defects right from birth (Goldstein 71).

Causes

Down syndrome is typically caused by non-disjunction; when one of the three types of abnormal cell division involving chromosome 21 occurs. Non-disjunction occurs when a pair of chromosomes fails to detach during sperm or egg formation. After ...

Virtual reality (VR) refers to any interactive, computer-simulated environment using 3D graphics, complex interface controls and multi-user capabilities; it recreates one’s physical presence in the actual, real or even imaginary world. Virtual reality augments lifelike experience of the ‘as if’ but ‘not quite’ of the real (sometimes, even mixed with the fantasy) world. Multi-modal VR technologies make it possible to engage multiple senses (that is, sight, touch, sound, and smell) for a broad range of applications, for examples, in entertainment, military, corporate, financial, scientific, especially, in medical and educational arenas . It has been claimed that VR brings a ...

Implications of an Ethical Issue-Abortion

Introduction In one’s day to day life, decisions are made. These can be minor decisions like what to wear or major decision that has an impact on their life and that of others. When making these decisions people base their answers on a variety of understandings. Some of the basis of decisions includes morality or ethics from a Christian perspective. These two bases guide one in what is right and what is wrong using principles and beliefs previously formed. Abortion is one critical decision that can be supported and condemned using moral and ethical set standards.

Ethical dilemma is a ...

Equal Opportunities

Question one (257 words) Equal opportunity for older people framework document contains distinct provisions that help people understand the care they offer. Precisely, it uses unique terminology to explain the various concepts. For instance, "age discrimination" refers to any action that adversely affects an older person because of their chronological age. However, discrimination can also imply a positive discrimination. Fundamentally, positive discrimination would refer to the action taken to uphold the best interests of the beneficiaries, that is, the older people (Department of Health 2001). Negative discrimination occurs in various levels. Primarily, these include age, monetary capability, fame ...

Abstract

Statistics have confirmed that children with Down syndrome are at a higher risk of suffering from obesity. The understanding of some of the risk factors that can increase obese cases among Down syndrome children is therefore vital among primary caregivers. The adoption of an effective and early management and screening mechanisms addressing diabetes risk facts will be of critical importance in reducing excessive weight gain among children suffering from Down syndrome. The adoption of reliable and sustainable strategies will also be of essence in dealing with negative psychological and physiological outcomes associated with obese. Modern scientists and health care ...

Abstract

The essay discusses short-term memory (STM) and other aspects that are related to it. There has been considerable research done on STM, however, a lot more needs to be done in certain areas. The short-term memories carry a different process related to long-term memories. Short-term memory is often used in place of working memory, but the two are different. Short-term memory refers to only the temporary loading of information while working memory refers to not only temporary storage, but also manipulating information. The paper looks at different experiments related to STM, the impact of word-length effect and the distinctions between STS ...

Every child everywhere has the right to live, grow, learn, and lead a normal life. Children with disabilities the most vulnerable and discriminated against groups in the world. The stigma associated with disability places the children at a great disadvantage as they get isolated at home, abandoned in institutions, and robbed of the chance to attain quality schooling. Children with disabilities are often stowed away from the public eye as family members consider them a source of embarrassment. Regardless of any disability, all children have a right to reach their full potential. At a young age, learning and teaching of the disabled and normal ...

Down Syndrome is a genetic disorder. According to NSGC (para.1), the National Society of Genetic Counselors, the human body is made of cells whose nucleus have chromosomes that contain the DNA that carries traits. Each Nucleus normally contains 23 pairs of chromosomes; down syndrome occurs when an individual ends up with an excess of chromosome 21, full or partial. When this chromosomal abnormality due to the extra chromosome occurs, a child is born exhibiting traits characteristic of down syndrome. Many children are born with Down syndrome, since it the most common genetic disorder. Due to progress in medical technology and research, ...

I – Introduction The developmental disabilities are group of conditions due to impairment in learning, physical, language, or behavior areas. The impairment of learning will be determined through the child’s developmental milestone, proper monitoring, and screening at early stages. Parents play a vital role of the interventions necessary for the development of a child and seek assistance from health specialists of the child’s condition. These conditions start during the developmental period of young children and have a great impact in the daily functioning, and it last throughout a lifetime. - Definition of Developmental Delay Developmental Delay refers to children ...

Introduction

Down syndrome is one of the most common inherited syndromes, which causes intellectual disability. According to Selikowitz (2008), the disorder mostly affects males more than females and is the most prevalent chromosomal disorder. Incident rates range from 1 in 600 to1 in 1000 live births. For older mothers, incidence rates may be higher because of errors in reproductive cell division, which is caused by old age of egg cells. Down syndrome is a condition that develops at birth because of the abnormal development of the fetus. Misconceptions have arisen because of Down syndrome and people still try to understand what ...

Birth Problems and their Long Term Implications

In every couple’s life – may they be married or living together – having a child is a monumental step in their life together. The child is seen as the anchor that binds the family together, and the joy that brings life to the home. Having a child is also seen as a privilege for many couples as not all families are privileged to be able to have a child due to medical complications. However, there are some instances for those who could have children report birth problems or birth defects in one or two of their children. There are many possibilities on why birth ...

Being a parent is one of the main, most important and the most complex responsibility of an adult. We live in the 21st century, in the world of technological and informational progress, the level of medicine industry has been growing steadily with the development of computer and nanotechnologies. The most important goals of parenting are to grow up a healthy and independent child, benefiting oneself and society and realize their potential to satisfy its physical needs and create the best possible conditions for the spiritual and social development of the child. With the modern science, it is possible to find out a ...

Introduction

Down syndrome also referred to as trisomy 21 is a genetic abnormality that is associated with a chromosomal condition characterized by the availability of a third chromosome 21 copy either in part or fully . The disorder is usually manifested by slow cognitive capabilities, slight to moderate intellectual debility, hypotonia in infancy and weak muscle tenor. . Physical characteristics encompass distinctive facial characteristics such as a flat facial outline, eyes slanting upwards, macroglossia, epicanthic eyelids, flat nasal bridge, small limbs, petite body frame, palmer crease, microgenia and smaller heads compared to the body frame . The slow cognitive capabilities are usually manifested by a major delay ...

1.0 Introduction Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic condition caused by trisomy 21 (the presence of three copies of chromosome 21 rather than two). Although the actual cause of Down syndrome remains unknown, several risk factors increase the chances of a baby being born with the disorders. The primary risk factor, is the maternal, with about 80% of the cases of Down syndrome occurring in babies born by women above the age of 35. Other risk factors are genetic predisposition (indicated by siblings, another baby or parent with Down syndrome), immunologic problems, hormonal abnormalities, viral infection or x-rays. The risk ...

Introduction

Context and Thesis Statement Although Western countries have issued acts to support students with special needs to be taught in normal schools, as part of the inclusive education program, schools are still reluctant in receiving students with different types of disabilities, facing various challenges that refer to the prestige of the school, to meeting inclusion standards and regular examinations in this purpose or to installing increased bureaucratic educational demands (Konza, 2008). Schools’ attitudes towards the children with special educational needs vary between aiming for an inclusive education and between maintaining the elitist standards, where inclusive education is not ...

Introduction

Advances in medical technology mean that pregnant women can choose to have tests during pregnancy to predict whether the fetus has characteristics that suggest abnormalities. Although birth defects are rare, the most common of those that do occur are the chromosome disorders Trimosies 13, 18, and 21, commonly known as Patau Syndrome, Edward Syndrome and Down Syndrome respectively (SOFT – Support Organization for Trisomy 18, 13 and related disorders) (n.d.). Statistically, the occurrence of any of those syndromes is as follows: - Patau Syndrome (Trimosy 13): 1 in 10,000 live births; (SOFT – Support Organization for Trisomy 18, ...

Morrison (1994) statement, “What I think the political correctness debate is really about the power to be able to define. The definers want the power to name. And the defined are now taking that power from them” holds true in a sense that being sensitive in using public statements is very important. It also refined the idea that power is related to saying politically correct terms. According to Max-Need’s classification of needs, “identity” is part of a category wherein people needs a sense of belongingness and self-esteem. People want to define their own identity as a person to be able to ...

The reasons can be generalized into; Home, community and biology. There is a relationship between prenatal exposure and emotional behaviors. The causes of the aggressiveness may be a result of depression and mood disorders. The combination of parental neglect and inconsistent expectations may have shaped this behavior. Lack of socialism in the child’s life has led to the anti-social behavior. Early intervention is critical since it is easy to teach the child at this stage (Nelson, Benner and Mooney, 2008). The mother should stop using the drugs in his presence. She should introduce him to peers, age mates and relatives. ...

In spite our great knowledge of its causes, course and treatment, schizophrenia and psychosis continues to amaze both health professionals and the public. This is because these illnesses are poorly understood. Schizophrenia and psychotic disorders are serious illnesses that affect the mind and alter an individual’s ability to think and make judgment, communicate and understand effectively. People Psychosis and life span development, there are four developmental stages of suffering from psychosis often will lose touch with reality, behave inappropriately and are unable to meet the demands of ordinary daily life. In schizophrenia importance that occurs throughout an ...

Imagine having a 50% chance of congenital heart disease; of being infertile and unable to have children. Think about having a statistically greater chance of acquiring a plethora of conditions, including epilepsy, leukemia and hearing loss. These are the everyday conditions of a select group of people who have been born with Down's Syndrome. This genetic condition is currently the most recognizable type of mental disability known to man, and is present in millions of individuals throughout the world. In this presentation, we will examine the symptoms of Down's syndrome, as well as the research into its management and treatment.

Opitz, in the ...

This national resource, based in DC, offered people information on providing literary services, provided technical help in developing best practices for people creating literary programs for those with learning disabilities, and offered training for literacy program practitioners – very useful training for parents or teachers who want to know more about how to teach students with learning disabilities.

High Road Academy of Washington DC

Individualized, remedial programs for students with learning disabilities; integrates computer technology in all aspects of the program; focuses on improvement in auditory processing skills – effective means of teaching computer skills to those with LD.

Commonwealth Academy/Autism Service

Organizes statewide system of services for autistic people ...

Description of Down syndrome

Down’s syndrome is a genetic disorder that is characterized by mental retardation mostly caused by trisomy 21 (three sets of chromosomes instead of a pair) which is present in 95% of persons with Down syndrome. A combination of normal diploid and trisomy 21 cell known as mosaicism occurs in 2% while 3% have a Robertsonian translocation whereby all or part of an extra chromosome 21 is joined to another chromosome. Majority of the chromosome-21 translocations occur sporadically but some are inherited from a parent with the parent with the defective chromosome. The occurrence of trisomy 21 is due to a meiotic error in ...

Introduction

The debate on abortion remains one of the most contentious, irrational and divisive debates of our times on political, legal, ethical and religious platforms (Garlikov). The debate is hinged on the differences between pro-choice (those who support abortion) and pro-life (those against abortion) forces. According Garlikov, the resolution on the abortion issue remains far from sight because the media focuses on the extreme differences rather than on the common grounds. Quite often the proponents and the opponents of abortion have presented inaccurate claims making the debate more irrational. This debate has experienced changes in the recent past in terms ...

Introduction

With the increased cases of behavioral, developmental and learning disabilities, it is very important for the parents, childcare providers and medical professional to understand clearly the causes and treatment of these disabilities in order to reduce their effects to those persons affected. This study analyses how developmental disabilities can be dealt with to reduce their effects.

Developmental Disability Diagnosis

These types of disabilities are physical or mental condition or the combination of the two conditions that affect daily functioning of the person. These disabilities originate from the brain and usually occur when the person is 22 years or less though it may ...