Essays on Diagnosis

Mental disorder has become very common these days and in the United States, many people have been diagnosed with this condition. According the Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance, statistics indicate that bipolar disorder is non discriminatory, it affects men, women and children in equal measure race, social class or ethnic group notwithstanding. Approximately 5.7 million Americans who are eighteen and/or older suffer from it. Even so, about 70% of this population is aware of their status and are under medication (WHO 2005). Bipolar disorder is therefore a condition that has become very common among the American population taking into ...

Adjustment disorder takes center stage following an individual’s inability to cope up with a stressor, for instance, a strenuous life event. Persons with adjustment disorder have depression symptoms; for instance, loss of interest, as well as feelings of hopelessness. At times, this disorder is termed as situational depression, but unlike other forms of depression, situational depression stems from an external stressor (Patricia, 2009). Upon the elimination of that stressor, the individual’s wellbeing is restored (Patricia, 2009).

The underlying symptoms include traumatic stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms. DSM-IV-TR has listed six different subtypes of this disorder. Adjustment disorders ...

There are many life-threatening diseases in the world today than it had ever been before, but among the deadliest and fatal is cancer. Many people have died of these illnesses but the few who survive have a story to tell. Below is a moving story of a man who recovered from Testicular cancer.

- What was your experience when you were informed of the diagnosis?

I was in complete shock. I mean, there I was young, healthy and doing my activities normally then suddenly, I have cancer? I was worried about losing my life, my family. I did not ...

The rule against hearsay provides that a statement made out of court may not be admitted into evidence in order to prove the validity of the assertion made. The Federal Rules of Evidence provide the definition, limitations, and exceptions to the rule against hearsay in Article VIII, rules 801-807.

As concerns the first scenario, Quincy’s physician is on the witness stand and is asked by Edward’s attorney whether or not Quincy told him that he fell because he lost his equilibrium as a result of dizziness. This is not hearsay for a number of reasons. Firstly, under ...

Chapter 13: Evaluation and Research

Evaluation and research is very important in every aspect of life. In counseling and counseling related activities, evaluation and research happens to be the back bone of all that takes place (Erford 2007). This is so because clients or patients need to be treated each, according to the problem ailing them. This is so because mental problems are not the same like one would say about physical body illnesses. There are conditions hat have a standardized form of treatment and counseling cannot be said to be like them. A good counselor is one who is always on the lookout, ...

The initial assumption after hearing about the 20-year-old female patient’s nausea and vomiting is that she had suffered from food intolerance because it is a common occurrence when people eat shellfish (LeBlond, Brown, & DeGowin, 2009). However, it is important to remember that misdiagnosis occurs in 30 – 40 percent of cases in which patients report abdominal pain (Seller & Symons, 2012), so a detailed assessment of the patient’s medical history should be performed, followed by physical examinations and diagnostic tests.

Previous or current pharmacological treatments and information about possible chronic disorders is relevant for reaching the correct diagnosis. For ...

Lily is a 20-year-old student who reported having a sore throat for the past three days and experiencing various related symptoms, including decreased appetite, headaches, and painful swallowing. In addition, it is possible to notice that the patient has a hoarse voice and a runny nose. It is possible to suggest that she suffers from a viral upper respiratory infection (URI), but several additional diagnoses should be suspected (Dains, Baumann, & Scheibel, 2012).

When assessing the patient’s health history, it is important to collect information about previous instances of bronchitis, allergies, immune incompetence, asthma, and inquire about the patient’ ...

Akash, K., Jay, S., & Nelson, P. (2011). Mutations Genome Interrupted: Sequencing of Prostate Cancer Reveals the Importance of Chromosomal Rearrangements. Genome Med , 3-23.

Prostate cancer is a huge public health menace but despite it being the most popular diagnosed cancer, very little is known about its cause due to the heterogeneity in the cells of the prostrate and also lack of an organized on the genes expressing in this tissue. In this article, Akash, Jay and peter try to show sequencing of prostate cancer reveals the importance of chromosomal rearrangements thus paving a way into a discovery of a ...

Chest pain, shortage of breath, and similar complaints are frequent, but they are broad symptoms that can occur in several disorders. For example, chess pain is a common symptom in angina pectoris, pulmonary embolism, pericarditis, coronary syndrome, lung tumors, aortic dissection, and various other disorders (LeBlond, Brown, & DeGowin, 2009). Because the symptoms of those disorders often overlap or show slight differences, the nurse is responsible for performing a thorough assessment, which includes screening the patient’s medical history, performing a differential diagnosis by performing physical assessments, and recommending further lab tests and examinations. Without a thorough assessment, chances of ...

Graphic number 2 shows several red-brown lesions on the front thorax and abdomen. The papules have an annular shape, are distributed individually, and vary significantly in size. Their size can be estimated between 1 and 10 mm. With those characteristics in mind, it is possible to include erythema multiforme, nummular eczema, and secondary syphilis in the differential diagnosis.

Although round lesions are usually associated with nummular eczema (Ely & Stone, 2010b), that condition needs to be excluded because the size of lesions is smaller than 1 cm (LeBlond, Brown, & DeGowin, 2009). Finally, erythema multiforme can be excluded because it does ...

Diagnostic Tools

Mammography is a diagnostic test used for examining breasts with low-energy X-rays to detect breast cancer early. The mammogram uses ionizing radiation and creates images, which are then analyzed by radiologists to detect abnormal tissue growth. If a woman tests positive for breast cancer, the image will display microcalcifications or characteristic masses. However, the effectiveness of mammography is often disputed through clinical trials.

According to Gøtzsche and Nielsen (2009), the application of mammography reduces breast cancer mortality by 15 percent, but it also results in 30 percent increases in overdiagnosis and overtreatment. The sensitivity of mammographic readings has ...

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune metabolic condition of childhood onset. It occurs as a result of autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing β cells. The disease is incurable and managed through administration of insulin, physical activity, nutrition management, blood glucose monitoring, and avoidance of either severe hypoglycemia or prolonged hypoglycemia. The aim of treatment is to maintain optimal control of blood glucose levels so as to prevent micro- and macrovascular complications. Diabetic retinopathy is one of these complications. If it is not treated early, it causes microvascular changes in the eyes that result in avoidable and permanent blindness. In patients with ...

Gabrielle Carlson’s “Early Onset Bipolar Disorder” (2005) article explains the certainty in diagnosing prepubertal children as a delicate matter. As an accurate diagnosis turns childhood into a minefield, a misdiagnosis belittles the complexities of children. Applying science and rooting characteristics out of a child is burdened with flukes. There is more arguing about a child not having a disorder than there is in accepting how an undeveloped youth can be diagnosed.

A prepubertal child should not be diagnosed with a bipolar disorder because he may grow out of it. It’s a flippant excuse but also the most ...

My choice to apply to Nova Southeastern University Masters of Health Science with a Concentration in Vascular Sonography program was simply because I believe it is a program with a strong social justice; I want to be a part of the diagnostic process for patients who experience a variety of illnesses and/or diseases, such as peripheral artery disease and atherosclerosis. I wish to study vascular sonography to help cure heart disease. Becoming a knowledgeable, caring, responsible sonographer, who people trust, is without a doubt a challenging and arduous journey. I think Nova Southeastern University can help me achieve that ...

Organizational development has come a long way through history to become an important practice in modern organizations. The field of organizational development, and therefore the associated concepts, traces its origin to psychologically related research at the dawn of the twentieth century (Beard, 2000, p. 124). Cummings and Worley (2009) defined organizational development (OD) as a planned approach to increasing an organization’s effectiveness and draws from a range of theories and technology from the behavioral sciences. The OD process is systematic and involves three major stages: diagnosis, intervention and evaluation but may be expanded into the following steps: diagnosis, ...

In carrying out a patient assessment, important components such as patient health history and physical health should be examined using a holistic approach. A nurse would require information from the patient, friends and family, diagnostic tests and patient medical records (Jarvis, 2004). A comprehensive assessment should include a detailed survey of physical signs such as weight and height, an assessment of the patient’s body systems and organs. On the other hand, a priority assessment is a short evaluation, normally completed within 5 minutes, which gives an overall evaluation of the patient. However, a more in-depth assessment of the ...

Introduction

Specialists in nursing have existed since early 1900s with nurse anesthetics and nurse midwives having been the pioneers. They lay formative foundations in early 20th century for advanced nursing practice. The roles of advanced nurses have not been clear historically. There was and still there is a lack of clarity in roles of different advanced nurses. This paper delineates the roles of clinical nurse specialist and nurse practitioners.

Nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialists are two of advanced practice nurses with nurse midwives and nurse anesthetists constituting the rest. Clinical nurse specialists provide care in a wide range ...

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the virus that causes AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), a disease that affects over 33 million people around the world. When HIV enters the body, it attacks the immune system by destroying CD4 positive (CD4+) T cells, a type of white blood cell necessary to fight off infections, and it also kills off nearby cells with toxic byproducts. Eventually, it overwhelms the immune system's ability to fix itself (AEGIS, 2012). When HIV/AIDS first showed up in the United States, it mostly affected homosexual men. Now, though, it’s clear that anyone of any age, race, ...

During the last 20 years, comorbidity has had a growing prevalence in psychiatric disorders. Comorbidity refers to the overlap of more than one psychiatric disorder. Dual-diagnosis is a more specific diagnosis of a substance use, which can be drug or alcohol use, and other psychiatric disorders (Stinson et al., 2006). Such is the case with the subject Ken, who is presented for this paper. Ken’s sleep disturbances and lack of appetite indicate a diagnosis of depression to fulfill the psychiatric end of the dual-diagnosis. Using alcohol, underage, as a tranquilizer warrants the substance abuse diagnosis. His distraction, restlessness, ...

Experts in mental health use DSM-IV-TR system of classification to label and diagnose treatment for their patients. This classification has been universally accepted by all mental health experts because it is thought to be beneficial and accurate in diagnosis and determination of treatment approaches. However, the system of diagnosing and labeling mental health patients has been criticized by some experts who claim the method is harmful to patients. The DSM-IV-TR approach of labeling and diagnosing mental patients is beneficial and has been used successfully to treat mental health patients. However, this approach is ineffective in some cases and can ...

Aphthous stomatitis is also known as a canker sore. It is one of the most common mucosal lesions that dentists and physicians observe in patients. It is seen more commonly in females. No specific etiology has been documented for Aphthous stomatitis. However, some factors like auto antibodies, and vasculitis mediated by immune complex have been brought forward as possible etiological factors. Some factors that can precipitate it include stress, trauma, hormones, heredity and chemical irritants. (Casiglia, 2010). Certain food materials have also been implicated, including coffee, cheese, potatoes, figs, nuts, citrus and chocolate (Casiglia, 2010). Also, some nutrient deficiencies, ...

Abstract

Factor V Leiden is a genetic mutation that confers resistance to the action of activated protein C and thus predisposes to venous thromboembolism. It’s inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and is prevalent amongst Caucasians with a carrier rate of 4%. Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are the most common clinical manifestations of FVL related VTE although it can also affect other sites. Genetic testing for FVL is used for diagnostic as well as predictive purposes. Diagnosis of FVL is based on protein assays and

DNA analysis technology. Familial genetic testing for FVL is generally not recommended ...

Abstract

Urinary tract infections, abbreviated as UTIs, are bacterial infections that are very common in people who reside in the nursing home of South Florida. Recurrence of UTIs in the nursing homes is very common, and 50% of women or men experience recurrence of the infection within six weeks therapy time. It becomes challenging to diagnose the UTIs in nursing homes because residents do not present genitourinary symptoms. The administration of antibiotics enhances occurrence re-infection with the organisms that are resistant and adverse effect of drugs. More research is significant on diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection among the ...

The documentary focuses on the increased prescription of stimulants such as Ritalin in children. It evaluates the diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children and teenagers via prescription of antipsychotic and antidepressant medications. Therefore, the Frontline documentary is extremely inspiring given the alarming number of children being medicated for psychiatric disorders. Although the program did not mention any alternative approaches to diagnose this disorder, I think the prescription of antipsychotic and antidepressant medications is the conventional solution for children suffering from behavioral problems. A major issue in the Frontline program is that many children who were diagnosed with ADHD before ...

Clinical Diagnosis and Rationale for the Diagnosis

Randle McMurphy is the protagonist in the movie “One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest”. Although he does not overtly show any mental disorder, he seems to be suffering from narcissistic personality disorder (Zaentz & Forma, 1975). Randle McMurphy suffers from Narcissistic Personality Disorders (in Axis 1), which, as he manifests, is proven by several symptoms. The patient employs humiliation and shame to win over others, exploits the situation to gratify himself and becomes jealous easily. He is also confident, arrogant and contemptuous, living in unrealistic fantasies, beauty, power, intelligence and romance, and appearing less emotional (American Psychiatric Association, 2014). In ...

Introduction

Regarded are the gold standard diagnostic tool for mental disorders, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), was engineered by the American Psychiatric Association (Maddux & Winstead, 2012). This tool provides a common language, as well as, standardized criteria for the categorization of mental disorders. DSM is widely used by a host of professionals including guides researchers, clinicians, pharmaceutical firms, health insurance companies, legal entities, policy makers and other entities such as the World Health Organization during the evaluation of mental disorders (Maddux & Winstead, 2012). The most recent version of DSM was published in May 2013, and it ...

Causative agent

Chickenpox is a disease that is highly contagious, and its causative agent is varicella zoster virus (Wood). Historical information The history of the term chicken pox that is documented as being used from 1684 is not dependably known. There have been speculations that it was derived from chickpeas, on the basis of their resemblance of vesicles to chickpeas (Belshe).

Transmission

It begins with vesicular skin rash on the head and body. It is transmitted through the air and it easily spreads via sneezing or coughing by affected persons or via direct contact with the rash’s secretions. The patient is ...

More often than not, individuals exhibiting psychotic symptoms may be diagnosed as having a SUD (Substance Use Disorder) (American Psychiatric Association, 2009). Disentangling the link between psychotic disorders and Substance Use Disorder is a common diagnostic challenge for researchers within community settings and clinicians within treatment settings (Miner, 2007). For diagnosis of individuals with psychotic symptoms and SUDs, a manual of diagnostic and statistical of mental disorders, attempts to make a distinction between psychotic disorders like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder) and SUDs (like dementias and delirium). Most SUDs are short lived and can be resolved with sustained abstinence. However, ...

Introduction

It is important to take the patient history. Nurses should take this history during assessment. When this is done, the patient’s problems are easily captured for the purpose of treatment. This has been made by nurses routinely. Roles of nurses are expanding with the new technology. They take information from patients, type it and make changes where necessary. Information from patients is private and confidential. Taking information from patients requires a practitioner or a specialist, nurse. In addition, taking the history is a fraction of assessment made to the patient. There is a need to use other information ...

Homeless individuals who are diagnosed with a double problem of mental disorder and substance abuse need special care. This is because such individuals are often in a state of unawareness due to lack of mental soundness. They cannot make decisions in a reasonable manner and are often not in a position to take good care of themselves. While the government initiates programs and allocate funding meant to help the dual-diagnosis population, the special needs of this group of people should be a critical factor for consideration. The provision of services to dual-diagnosed people involves eight fundamental principles. These comprise ...

Arguably, the best approach to getting treatment for Schizophrenia is getting the correct diagnosis. Schizophrenia is usually characterized by profound disruption both in the emotional and cognition facets, thus affecting the most fundamental personal attributes such as thought, perception, language and a sense of self. In America, effective diagnosis of Schizophrenia is made possible through the use of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, which is popularly abbreviated as DSM-V. This tool serves as the universal authority for the various psychiatric diagnosis and treatment recommendations. In most cases, the individual diagnosed with Schizophrenia will experience ...

Technological innovation in the present times has been the talk of the day cutting across all the fields concerning humankind. Technology, particularly in the medical field has proved to be very crucial in the refinement of health practices. The new technology is making challenging disease less and less of a threat. “Scentsory DiagNose” is a medical technology that makes use of microsensors. Microsensors are tiny electronic gadgets that are capable of identifying bodily, or biomedical signals by use of scent that can later be analyzed on a computer. The results can in turn be used to get health solutions ...

Positron Emission Tomography (PET), in recent years, has experienced accelerated development and has become an established method for medical research and clinical routine diagnostics. The development and availability of radiopharmaceuticals specific for particular diseases is one of the major driving forces for the expansion of PET (Fani et al, 2008, pg. 1). Currently, DOTA peptides such as DOTATOC, DOTATATE and DOTA-NOC among others are being promoted for routine clinical use in nuclear medicine. The increase in the knowledge of purification and the concentration of the eluate and the complex ligand chemistry has led to the (68) Ga-labeled pharmaceuticals with ...

Introduction

Primal fear is an investigative movie, which tries to unravel the murder of a famous Bishop in Chicago. A young altar boy (Aaron) has been arrested for his murder. Aaron looks like an innocent kid, who stutters, and he is represented by Vail, who is a famous attorney. Vail believes that Aaron is innocent. In the middle of the trial, Vail finds out that Aaron has a disorder. With the disorder Aaron acts differently, he is a foul mouthed, violent, and obnoxious. Vail finds a sex tape that shows Aaron, another altar boy and a girl having sex, and ...

The gastrointestinal tract, which spans from the mouth to the anus, is a durable yet sensitive system that is susceptible to a variety of disorders that can bring an individual great pain and distress. There are a myriad of gastrointestinal disorders that fall under the category of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), including Ulcerative Colitis, Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD), and Crohn’s disease. Many of these gastrointestinal disorders have similar characteristics, but they are each distinct disorder and should be treated as such.

Etiology of Crohn’s Disease

According to a breadth of research into gastrointestinal disease, Crohn’s disease appears to be one of ...

Introduction

Over the years, research has been uncovering more and more rare diseases, especially genetic disorders. Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) is one of such rare disorders of the blood that causes a disfiguring swelling of a part of the body, particularly the face, larynx, extremities, abdomen, and genitalia. It may range from a simple painful swelling of an extremity to asphyxiation from laryngeal involvement. Diagnosis and prognosis of this condition depends on a heightened sense of awareness of the symptoms of the disease by the managing clinician and the availability of effective interventions. HAE is known to occur in people with ...

Abstract

Great deal of children all over the world suffers from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Symptoms of ADHD include hyperactivity, emotionalism and difficulty of staying focused. Children with ADHD usually have the lack of comprehension skills, poor study results and problems with following instructions as a result, they are more likely to conflict with coevals and teachers. There are different types of ADHD treatments, the most common one is academic interventions which include manipulating antecedent conditions, parent tutoring, homework management programs, instructional modifications, self-monitoring. Self- monitoring technique is crucial for children with ADHD, as teaches them not only to regulate ...

The case of K

Problem experienced by K The problem being faced by K is generalized as a mental health challenge. However, this problem can be broken down further into constituent problems. K has been presented as experiencing challenges that include inability to sleep, intense stress and worry, difficulty leaving his house, and intrusive thoughts. K’s general definition of his own problem is presented as worrying about everything and lacking the ability to relax. According to K, the challenges he is facing have caused him to experience weight loss. His problem extends far from the boundaries of his personal life to his ...

Since Wilhelm Röntgen discovered X-rays, biomedical imaging has made tremendous leaps and bounds. Diagnostic Radiology revolutionized the way disease was detected and altered the course of disease management. Nuclear Medicine promises to transform interventions and create pinpoint solutions to maladies that until this point would have required a broader stroke and caused harm to healthy tissues. A Master’s degree in Biomedical Imaging at University of California, San Francisco would enable me to explore this fascinating field and interact with excellent faculty and students, facilitating professional development and scientific advancement. My undergraduate education in Radiologic Sciences from Southern ...

The National Centre for Health Statistics is an organization the United States’ chief health statistics agency. The organization is one of the main agencies of the United States Federal Statistics System and is charged with the role of compiling statistical information that is used to guide policies and actions to improve the general health of all Americans. NCHS is under the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Seeing that it is primarily concerned with health statistics, NHCS has also been given the federal mandate to use the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. The International Classification ...

At one point of time, former President of America, Ronald Reagan was said to have a photographic memory. His expertise at memorization proved to be an asset when he was an actor and when he auditioned for becoming a sports announcer. However, when the ex-US president marched into his 70s, things were no more the same (Lowman, 2011). In 1993 it was observed that Reagan forgot many things, including the names of his aides, Cabinet officers and dignitaries. And during a regular annual health check-up at the Mayo Clinic in 1994, he was diagnosed with the dreaded Alzheimer’s ...

Introduction

Lung cancer has remained the leading cause of cancer deaths in both men and women in United States. According to International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), approximately 1.35 million new cases of lung cancer are diagnosed across the world each year. There are a wide number of risk factors associated with lung cancer. These are smoking, exposure to asbestos, silica exposure, and diesel exhaust. The most common cause is the exposure to tobacco smoke through either active or passive smoking. Males are at a higher risk of lung cancer than females, a ratio of 7.8 to 5.8 respectively. ...

- Introduction Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common neuropsychiatric order in children. Its first diagnosis on children was done in 1980s. However, the condition had been described in various names for over one hundred years. For many years healthcare professionals and providers believed that this disorder only affected children. The diagnosis of adults with ADHD disapproved this belief. It is now universally accepted that ADHD affect both children and adults across all cultures. The world prevalent rate in 2007 was 3.4% (Knutson & O'Malley, 2010).

Definition

ADHD is a neurological disorder that is partly caused by the dysfunction ...

Sonographer credentialing is the act of issuing authority to a qualified sonographer to perform their duty in diagnostic medicine or sonography. It could simply mean licensing a sonographer. Sonographers refer to professionals in the field of diagnostic medicine. They deal with ultrasonic imaging machines to bring out diagnostic scans, images, or videos of data concerning anatomy or diagnosing. Specialized training as well as skills is essential in sonography. They aid in the analysis and modification of scans to optimize the information from the image (Adams et al. 9). Professional certification is a vital requirement in the field of sonography ...

[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees] [Institutional Affiliation(s)] [Include any grant/funding information and a complete correspondence address.] Breast cancer is one of the deadliest cancer prevalent in the modern world. According to the Journal of national Comprehensive Cancer Network, the author Therese B. Bevers, (2009) clearly states that Women in the United States have an increased risk of breast cancer. The incidents and the mortality due to breast cancer has also drastically increased in past decade. Thus considering all above statistics, it is very clear that breast cancer is a grave disease. However, early ...

Introduction

COPD is an acronym for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This is a progressive disease which affects one’s lungs, rendering it increasingly difficult to breathe. The term progressive in the definition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease implies that the disease increases in severity over time. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease causes coughing in affected individuals and is characterized by copious amounts of mucus, shortness of breath, wheezing and tightness of the chest among other symptoms (National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. 2013). This paper delves in this population, with an aim of studying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The paper will ...

INTRODUCTION

Disease and illness are a source of great fear for many young and old. There are any numbers of diseases that can limit one’s mobility, ability to function, and even strip them of their five senses. However, there are no conditions more frightening to many in the public as those that affect and compromise one’s mind. As we age it is not uncommon for people to forget things here and there, but when it goes beyond minor forgetfulness, but strips a person memories and ability to recognize even their closest loved-ones, it becomes incredibly frightening. Wives and ...

Attachment Disorder

<Student Name> <Name and Section # of course> <Instructor Name> Attachment Disorder

Introduction

Attachment is the affection between the people bound by the relationships. Attachment is strong if it get develops at the time when the child is at infant age. Similarly, if the attachment is not formed or broken when a child is an infant then the child may become a victim of reactive attachment disorder. A person who suffers from the reactive attachment disorder is unable to develop the attachment relationship with any other human being. Consequently, the person remains solitude. Therefore, this disorder should be ...

Skin cancer or metastatic melanoma is one of the most aggressive types of cancer (Chin, Garraway, and Fisher, 2006). Understanding the physical or phenotypic alterations that occur in relation to skin cancer requires getting acquainted with its pathophysiology. Furthermore, learning the pathophysiology of metastatic melanoma can lead us to a better understanding of what may be most effective in curing the disease. Metastatic melanoma, causing approximately 13,000 deaths annually with a median overall survival (OS) period of 8 to 18 months, is considered as one of the most aggressive and prevalent types of cancer (Finn, Markovic, and Joseph, ...

A NEW DIAGNOSTIC TOOL FOR DIABETES

According to WHO recommendation of 2011, a new diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes has been proposed. The proposed method is use of HbA1c levels for the analysis of diabetes and its related outcomes. More than as a diagnostic tool, it is used as a prognosis marker. The level of Hb1Ac indicates the severity of diabetes and how grave the disease can turn into. It can also be used as a screening test to determine the chances of developing diabetes in high risk patients, that is, the patients having a sedentary lifestyle, improper eating habits, pre existing heart ...

Healthcare professionals utilize diagnostic labels in their classification of individuals for treatment and research purposes. The labels allow professionals and researchers to assume that all the group members have similar illnesses regardless of whether there is some variability in the presentation of symptoms or other circumstances surrounding the illness. Diagnostic labels provide a way for clinicians to understand a large amount of information. The labels also provide a convenient way of describing patients including the presentation of symptoms that may also imply the expected course and prognosis. They may also point towards specific interventions that may improve or prevent ...

INTRODUCTION

Autism is one of the most prevalent conditions suffered by many young people. The important question is, does the prevalence represent an epidemic or is it simply been misdiagnosed, under-diagnosed, or over diagnosed? Autism does not manifest in every child the same way and to the same degree; this has earned in the title of a Spectrum disorder, which means that it has a broad range of diagnosis under the umbrella of autism (Web MD 1). In the past people who were perceived as abnormal was simply labeled insane, today we are much clearer at differentiating between different conditions. ...

THROAT DISORDERS

Introduction The case provided in this paper involves a middle-aged female who was presented to the emergency unit complaining of strep throat (Wilson & Nadol, 2012). Upon assessment, she reported having a history of strep throat, and her condition had started the day before. At night, she felt childish and feverish. During examination, the head, eyes, ears, nose and throat were found to be positive of tonsillar swelling without exudates. Her vital signs revealed; - temperature of 101F, heart rate of 112, respiratory rate of 22, and blood pressure of 96/94 hg/mm (Buttaro et al., 2013). Hence, the focus of ...

Aneurysm is a word that we mostly use to describe a balloon-like bulge in an artery. Arteries, on the other hand, are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. The walls of the arteries are usually thick enough to withstand normal blood-pressure. These walls could however become damaged due to some genetic conditions, trauma or sometimes due to injury to the walls of the arteries. The pressure of the blood against the damaged arterial walls could sometimes result in the accumulation of blood which leads to an aneurysm. Some types of aneurysms exist at birth while others ...

Introduction

This review covers the pathophysiology, diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation, management and complications associated with diabetes mellitus commonly known as diabetes, a disorder that affects more than 385 million people worldwide (idf.org). The long term prognosis and impact on the quality of life are also discussed. Diabetes is defined by the American diabetes association as a group of disorders that are characterized by hyperglycemia stemming from deficiency in the activity of insulin or reduced insulin secretion, or both. There are three main types of diabetes namely type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes. Diabetes mellitus has no cure. It ...

Introduction

Critical thinking is not an easy concept as it is made to sound. Assessing critical thinking in nursing or any other field is a difficult feat. This is because it is difficult to determine which kind of thinking is right or wrong. Nonetheless, one can evaluate the various elements of proper thinking. These elements include the cognitive behavior or habits that are important in the critical thinking process. The assessment of critical thinking, whether done individually or for the entire nursing unit, is important because it has an influence on the patient outcomes for the nursing unit. This paper ...

The purpose of this article is to explain my perspective of regarding my intention to know before 10 years time if me or my loved one going to die with the Alzheimer’s Disease. The article continues on with the reasons, some people willing to know and why some people not willing to know of their disease before the 10 year’s time even if nothing can be done to stop it. Even though there is no treatment for the Alzheimer’s disease yet, an eye test is being developed which is capable of finding the disease in people ...

Abstract

This paper reviews current knowledge about Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults. For many years ADHD was thought to only affect children, but now it is clear that almost all children with ADHD still have symptoms as adults that impair their functioning in all aspects of life. This paper reviews how these symptoms are manifested in adults, and how ADHD affects their lives. Also, this paper reviews contributing reasons that most children do not grow out of ADHD, and contributing factors to adult ADHD. Last this paper reviews how ADHD is diagnosed in adults, the importance of correct ...

The interview conducted was for a patient with bipolar disorder. The patient's name is Mr. Jones, and he is 25 years old. In addition, he is a teacher and teaches French and Music. He married and has one child who is 3years old. Bipolar disorder is also known as manic-depressive disorder. It is a medical condition of the brain that is characterized by unusual shifts and adversely affects a person’s thoughts, feeling, and body. In other words, the moods of the individual are at the far extreme, some could be severe to the extent of harming the people ...

In the past, individuals demonstrating the symptoms of schizophrenia were thought to be possessed by demons. Banishment, imprisonment, and torture were the only forms of treatment available. Fear of the perceived possession dictated responses to the behavior. The inappropriate ideas, hallucinations, and strange behavior remains as difficult to understand today as it was in medieval times. The medical profession struggles to address the presence of schizophrenia in society. McGrath, Saha, Chant, and Welham (2008) state the psychopathology affects 1% of the worldwide population and incurs substantial costs to families, society, and the patient. In addition, evidence points to a ...