Essays on Autism Spectrum Disorder

Introduction and Literature Review Draft

Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders present with various behavior challenges (Ludlow, Skelly & Rohleder, n.d.). Self-stimulatory is among the many behavior challenges with which children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder present (Cunningham & Schreibman, 2008). This behavior entails the repetitive body movements. The self-stimulatory behavior in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder is related with various senses. Some of the senses highlighted by Edelson (2017) include visual senses such as hand-flapping repetitive blinking, and staring at lights. The self-stimulatory behavior involving the auditory senses include the snapping of fingers and the tapping of the fingers. Others senses that are related ...

Preamble

Autism Speaks (2012) argues that autism spectrum disorders are not the causes of the challenging behaviors that are witnessed in children diagnosed with the disorders. Instead, the biological processes that cause the disorders also cause the challenging behaviors. Whether there are divergent perspectives can be determined by reviewing literature on the subject. The following is an annotated bibliography with the sources that offer insight on why individuals with autism spectrum disorder engage in challenging behavior. Connie, A. (2011). New research on children with ASD and aggression. Retrieved from http://www.iancommunity.org/cs/simons_simplex_community/aggression_and_asd The researcher argues that the response of the parent to ...

Additional observation and information that is required to start planning treatment

First, I would get information on any associative conditions specifically behavior since I want to enhance Riley ability to socialize with the fellow students. I would gather this information by observing his social interactions.

Determining if Riley has eating problems is also important in planning treatment.

I will get this information by giving him some food to chew and then observing the process. This information is important since it will help the Teacher Assistant in training Riley on how to feed himself. Finding if Riley has sitting problems associated with abnormal postures or hip subluxation is important. I would get this information by observing him for any gestures of uncomfortable sitting ...

Methodology and Research Design

The choice of a methodology in a research is based on the properties of the methodology and their ability to meet the purpose of the study in a qualitative research or to answer the research questions in a quantitative research. The analysis of the methodology chosen by the researchers can shed light on the appropriateness of the choices with respect to their ability to meet the purpose of the study. This paper explores the methodology and research design chosen by Humphrey & Symes (2010) in their article on Responses to bullying and use of social support among pupils with autism ...

Phenomenological Approach

Williams and Bowler’s article “Autism spectrum disorder: Fractionable or coherent?” is the in this paper. The persistent link for this article is http://aut.sagepub.com/content/18/1/2.full.pdf+html while its digital object identifier (DOI) is 10.1177/1362361313513523. There are a number of pointers in this article showing the researchers deployed phenomenological approach. First, the article opens with such a concerted effort to both investigate and describe Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In this, the researchers approach ASD from different angles. Second, this article rotates around trying to understand different researchers’ understandings, perspectives, and perceptions on ASD. For example, the authors observe that “behavioral deficits ...

Capella University

PSY7650 Children with autism spectrum disorders are prone to bullying and stigma. This is especially the case when they are mainstreamed into classes with students with other disabilities and those without any disabilities. Mainstreaming offers more opportunities for the children with disabilities to learn, especially through the interaction with other students. However, the challenges that bullying presents might serve as impediments that reduce the ability of the children with autism spectrum disorder to benefit from the additional learning opportunities (Humphrey & Symes, 2010). The main topic upon which the research is based is the bullying of children with autism spectrum ...

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Abstract

In 2013, the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders (DSM-5) grouped all subcategories of autism-related disorders in one umbrella, and it is called autism spectrum disorder or ASD. Characterized by repetitive behaviors and communication and social skills deficits, many children from all around the world are afflicted with this disorder. Throughout the years since its discovery, researchers and mental health experts have been interested in completely understanding the nature, etiology, and possible treatments for ASD. Through continuous research efforts and studies, several perspectives have been established to explain the causes of ...

Identification of the Article and Its Methodology

The article upon which this paper is based is the Responses to bullying and use of social support among pupils with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in mainstream schools: a qualitative study which is authored by Neil Humphrey and Wendy Symes. The article was published in the 10th Volume, number 2 of the Journal of Research in Special Education Needs in 2010. The article is based increased mainstreaming of children who are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. While the authors laud the efforts towards mainstreaming, they still recognize the insurmountable challenges and barriers that may serve as impediments to children ...

One of my research study hypotheses is as follows: when compared to other types of interventions, the Picture Exchange Communication System (SPECS) is significantly more effective at promoting functional communication between individuals. The null hypothesis (Hₒ) states that there is no statistically significant difference between SPECS, and other types of interventions, with respect to the efficacy of promoting functional communication between individuals. This research study comprises a total of three distinct research questions. The first research question (already operationalized as a hypothesis) has an independent variable, which is SPECS applied to the given sample of individuals with Autism Spectrum ...

Autism is a disability that affects the developmental ability of the individual in either their verbal or nonverbal communication, their socialization or their levels of interests or activities. Children with autism often have difficulties with their sensory processing they may sometimes overreact or underreact in depending on their situation (Sheehan, 2016). There should be a definite distinction in the way children with autism and those with learning and attention disorders are treated and how their learning is facilitated. These two conditions are entirely different, despite having similar symptoms. When developing an action plan for helping children with autism with ...

Christopher is seven years old and attends a district 75,6:1:1 classroom. He is an only child

and he was born in the United States. His parents migrated from Ecuador and they speak

Spanish at home. While his father is able to communicate with a limited vocabulary his

mother has less command of the English language. Christopher is on the Autistic Spectrum and he has been having Speech Therapy to help him develop his language.

Personal Identity

Personal Identity can be defined as the perception of self that grows over time. It is defined Christopher’s personality has been formed by the influence at home, in his formative years. Many migrant families in the US bring up their offspring with the concept that ‘children should be seen and not heard’. This is in ...

Causes of Autism Spectrum Disorder

The exact causes in regards to why people develop an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is still largely unknown. Most experts postulate that it probably has multiple causes. Chief among these reasons are the development of the brain as well as genetic components. The evidence strongly indicates that direct environmental factors such as being exposed to certain substances, the diet of the mother during the pregnancy period, or the diet of the child after he/she is born do not cause ASD. Furthermore ASD is not believed to be affected by parenting skills or style. However, it is believed that outside ...

SOCIAL INTERVENTION.

Introduction. Social work is a discipline or a profession that is practiced by qualified sociologists. It involves seeking to facilitate the wellbeing of individuals, communities or even societies (Siporin, 1975). Social work enhances social change, cohesion, empowerment, and development. Social work is interconnected with social justice, Human rights, and respect for diversities. It involves the provision of social welfare in order to alleviate the economic and social problems that people face. Such difficulties include health care, education, and food security (Sach, 2003). A sociologist connects people and structures so as to tackle the challenges of life and promote the ...

Treating Autism spectrum disorder has always been a major challenge for the physicians and the teachers. Recently, there has been a substantial increase in the number of researches being conducted for improving the understanding of the disorder especially concerning school based intervention programs. In this current research, the researcher has tried to explore the efficacy of video modelling as a method of interventional education for the children suffering with Autism spectrum disorder. The researcher tries to further explore how competent the deliverers of the intervention program feel about this plan of intervention. The rate of the disorder has been ...

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Autism is a psychiatric problem characterized by the presence of communication disorders as well as short attention span and decreased expression of emotions. Communication problems include both verbal communication and non-verbal communication as, for example, autistic patients cannot use their body language properly. Autistic patients are also unable to treat others as people, i.e. they show impairment in social interaction (Payne, 2003). Among the most important signs and symptoms of autism are repetition of words or phrases, a condition that is also known as echolalia; disliking for any physical contact; inability to understand the feelings of ...

Introduction

Autism is the disorder of brain development. This very disorder has been characterized by varying degrees and includes interaction difficulties, difficulty in terms of verbal and non-verbal communication, etc. The roots of Autism are being found in the early development of the brain. However, the symptoms relating to Autism tend to emerge from the age between 2 to 3 years. The US CDC (Centre for Disease and Control) exemplified that around 1 in 68 American children is Autistic. Some of the studies have also shown that Autism is more common in boys as compared to girls. From the US ...

The progress of learners with disabilities is monitored in order to identify the fitting instructions as well as those that need modifications. Essentially, the standards set to provide sufficient and effective instructions within the curriculum are followed to facilitate changes in accordance with the recommendations from instructors. The reports of students’ success in meeting the course requirements are assessed by professional staff who inform about the necessarily changes essential for facilitating learning. A decisive evaluation of student progress ought to be conducted by displaying evidence from standard tests, observation, and informal checkups among others. The evaluation determines the problems ...

Introduction

The DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) is one of the most essential diagnostic as well as classification tools used in clinical practice especially in psychiatry, research and other related fields. The tool serves as an authoritative guide in regard to the diagnosis that can used to determine the appropriate the treatment for various mental disorders (Jacob & Patel, 2014). In the light of this, the tool contains various descriptions, symptoms as well as other criteria that is used in the diagnosis of various mental disorders encountered in clinical practice. On the one hand, the tool provides a ...