Essays on Spectrum Disorders

Introduction and Literature Review Draft

Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders present with various behavior challenges (Ludlow, Skelly & Rohleder, n.d.). Self-stimulatory is among the many behavior challenges with which children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder present (Cunningham & Schreibman, 2008). This behavior entails the repetitive body movements. The self-stimulatory behavior in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder is related with various senses. Some of the senses highlighted by Edelson (2017) include visual senses such as hand-flapping repetitive blinking, and staring at lights. The self-stimulatory behavior involving the auditory senses include the snapping of fingers and the tapping of the fingers. Others senses that are related ...

Preamble

Autism Speaks (2012) argues that autism spectrum disorders are not the causes of the challenging behaviors that are witnessed in children diagnosed with the disorders. Instead, the biological processes that cause the disorders also cause the challenging behaviors. Whether there are divergent perspectives can be determined by reviewing literature on the subject. The following is an annotated bibliography with the sources that offer insight on why individuals with autism spectrum disorder engage in challenging behavior. Connie, A. (2011). New research on children with ASD and aggression. Retrieved from http://www.iancommunity.org/cs/simons_simplex_community/aggression_and_asd The researcher argues that the response of the parent to ...

Behavioral interventions can be grouped as either antecedent-based interventions (ABI) or consequence-based interventions (CBI). CBI is a group of practices in which the problem behaviors are addressed by manipulating the reinforcement or punishment stimuli following an observed behavior, whereas ABI refers to a group of behavioral interventions that are concerned with the modification of environmental factors that are believed to precede problem behaviors (Tullis, Cannella-Malone, & Payne, 2015). Therefore, ABI strategies are implemented before the problem behavior occurs, so their unique quality is the possibility of problem behavior prevention, which makes the behavioral change easier to maintain compared to results ...

Methodology and Research Design

The choice of a methodology in a research is based on the properties of the methodology and their ability to meet the purpose of the study in a qualitative research or to answer the research questions in a quantitative research. The analysis of the methodology chosen by the researchers can shed light on the appropriateness of the choices with respect to their ability to meet the purpose of the study. This paper explores the methodology and research design chosen by Humphrey & Symes (2010) in their article on Responses to bullying and use of social support among pupils with autism ...

Capella University

PSY7650 Children with autism spectrum disorders are prone to bullying and stigma. This is especially the case when they are mainstreamed into classes with students with other disabilities and those without any disabilities. Mainstreaming offers more opportunities for the children with disabilities to learn, especially through the interaction with other students. However, the challenges that bullying presents might serve as impediments that reduce the ability of the children with autism spectrum disorder to benefit from the additional learning opportunities (Humphrey & Symes, 2010). The main topic upon which the research is based is the bullying of children with autism spectrum ...

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Abstract

In 2013, the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders (DSM-5) grouped all subcategories of autism-related disorders in one umbrella, and it is called autism spectrum disorder or ASD. Characterized by repetitive behaviors and communication and social skills deficits, many children from all around the world are afflicted with this disorder. Throughout the years since its discovery, researchers and mental health experts have been interested in completely understanding the nature, etiology, and possible treatments for ASD. Through continuous research efforts and studies, several perspectives have been established to explain the causes of ...

Identification of the Article and Its Methodology

The article upon which this paper is based is the Responses to bullying and use of social support among pupils with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in mainstream schools: a qualitative study which is authored by Neil Humphrey and Wendy Symes. The article was published in the 10th Volume, number 2 of the Journal of Research in Special Education Needs in 2010. The article is based increased mainstreaming of children who are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. While the authors laud the efforts towards mainstreaming, they still recognize the insurmountable challenges and barriers that may serve as impediments to children ...

Lifespan, Development and Theory of Professor Christopher Gillberg

According to University of Gothenburg, Sweden (2016) Professor Christopher Gillberg on May 12th, 2016 was recognized and presented with INSAR (International Society for Autism Research) achievement award. He was acknowledged for his significant contributions to extensive research on autism spectrum disorders. At his early adulthood, Christopher did a lot of research and has written a number of publications in the field of neuropsychiatry and development medicine. He has focused mainly on autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and intellectual disability Christopher Gillberg achievements can be attributed to nature/nurture, behavioral and sociocultural theories of development. Constant exposure to ...

Wing SzeWence, Jampolsky and Alsbury shade light on the lifelong disability that arises from prenatal alcohol exposure in their article titled, Experiences in the Canadian Criminal Justice System for Individuals with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Double Jeopardy? According to prior research, FASD is viewed as one of the most vital growth disabilities in Canada considering that it consumes up to five billion dollars of the nation’s budget as each individual suffering from the condition is allocated around twenty-one thousand dollars. Therefore, the researchers undertook to carry out a research on the experience of people in the criminal justice ...

Asperger syndrome (AS) is a disorder on the autism spectrum but unlike autism, the affected individuals tend to have average or above average intelligence. The affected individuals while they may not exhibit visible signs and symptoms of the syndrome, they do display social challenges which are divided into three spheres often called the "triad of impairments." They include social communication, social interaction, and social imagination. (The National Autistic Society). These children may also have other disorders associated with autism such as dyslexia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder making it difficult for them to learn and pay attention in a ...

SOCIAL INTERVENTION.

Introduction. Social work is a discipline or a profession that is practiced by qualified sociologists. It involves seeking to facilitate the wellbeing of individuals, communities or even societies (Siporin, 1975). Social work enhances social change, cohesion, empowerment, and development. Social work is interconnected with social justice, Human rights, and respect for diversities. It involves the provision of social welfare in order to alleviate the economic and social problems that people face. Such difficulties include health care, education, and food security (Sach, 2003). A sociologist connects people and structures so as to tackle the challenges of life and promote the ...

Introduction

Anxiety and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are two closely related disorder that affect children and youth between the ages of 1 and 14 years. The condition has been prevailing among many minority groups in the Australia and currently it affects the majority groups. The Australian Bureau of Statistics recorded an estimate of 115, 500 of Australians, which represents 0.5 percent of the total population, had autism in 2012. The number recorded a 79 percent increase from statistics collected in 2009. The age of the victim determines ASD prevalence with high cases affecting children between ages of 5 to 9 ...

Answer to discussion about anorexia and bulimia:

As the author pointed out, the reasons for both of these conditions are solely psychological and the physiology is just a symptom. So I believe that the therapy should be mainly directed on getting the patient to understand that their condition is not terminal and can be easily treated. The core of the therapy should be based on patient’s own desire to change; their close people should provide strong moral support and convince him that there is nothing to be ashamed of. Everyone has numerous flaws and no one is perfect. The road to internal peace is to ...

Fetal alcohol syndrome is a condition whereby a child is born with a range of physical and mental deformities as a result of alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy. Such deformities are permanent, and the affected children will have to live with them for the rest of their lives. Over the last few decades, the number of infants born with this disease has been steadily rising. Of late this situation has captured the attention of medical practitioners worldwide as the rates are now alarming. For this reason, the medical community is more aware of the conditions and is ...