Essays on Pregnancy

Children having children

The article ‘Children having children’ by Claudia Wallis aims at drawing society’s attention to the problem of teen pregnancy. Throughout the twentieth and twenty- first centuries, raising of this issue may seem corny. However, people have realized the negative effects of being an under-age parent and started reacting to the problem not a long time ago. Surely enough all the consequences are caused by certain reasons. Accordingly, the author is aimed to find out and investigate both – the reasons and the consequences of teenage pregnancy. One can find a lot Continue reading...

The variables

Stress can occur to any human being. Stress is a normal psychological and physical reaction to the demands of life particularly to traumatic incidences. The process of induced abortion or natural is a stressful time for many women (Adler, N. E., David, H. P., Major, B. N., Roth, S. H., Russo, N. F., & Wyatt, G. E. 1990, p. 41). The stress can occur before and after abortion. In this study we are focusing only on post abortion stress. Women who undergo abortion natural or induced are likely to experience acute stress i.e. Acute stress originates from the demands and Continue reading...

What is The Best Way to Manage Delivery in Women with Diabetes?

Diabetes mellitus bear serious implications on both the pregnant mother and the fetus. Gestational diabetes is associated with increased risk of fetal macrosomia. Furthermore, high prevalence of postnatal diabetes among babies has been observed in cases of obesity and diabetes mellitus during pregnancy. In other words, both diabetes mellitus and obesity are serious clinical conditions that need to be managed carefully in order to ensure that the mother and the fetus are safe and free from risks of various complications that are often associated with the two conditions. Delivery is a critical stage that affects both the mother and Continue reading...

Health Policy Brief

Issue Summary:
The State of Colorado is committed to the promotion of safety, the protection of the public, and the prevention of exposures that result in injury. In contradiction to these commitments, the current warning labels on recreational use of marijuana are vague, in particular as applicable to women planning to be pregnant, pregnant or breast-feeding. Recreational use of marijuana poses serious health risks to pregnant women and fetal development. These health risks make it necessary to modify the current warning label. The purpose of a warning label is to remind and inform the public about health risks associated Continue reading...

Spina bifida is neural tube defects that are caused by ecological and hereditary factors that are not yet fully understood. There is no known cure yet for Spina Bifida condition, the damaged nerve tissue cannot be replaced. Some surgical interventions depend on the severity of the disease. In the worst case scenario, if the severe conditions are detected earlier through ultrasound, abortion is recommended.
Folate, also called folic acid is a B group vitamin that can prevent most neural tube defects. The recommended dose for the women who are planning to become expectant is 0.5 mg every day for Continue reading...

Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

Midlife, or the age between 35 and 55, can be a complicated time for a woman. As a female enters these years, sometimes it can be difficult to navigate the waters because the things that once made her happy are no longer available, or as satisfying. This can be confusing. Other things that she never enjoyed before may be cast in a new light, and be even more enjoyable than the female ever thought possible. There may be complicated feelings about life satisfaction, which can lead to new discoveries or depression. The female may attempt sexual exploration as her Continue reading...

Exercise 1: Investigation of the Testes and Ovary

- Why are the testes located outside of the body in the scrotum?
The testes work best at temperature lower than the body temperatures. Therefore, process of spermatogenesis takes place optimally at temperatures slightly less than that of the body and hence the testes are located outside in the scrotum.
- What process occurs in the seminiferous tubules?
The seminiferous tubules form the site for germination, maturation, and transportation of the sperm cells within the testes of the male animals. The processes are called spermatogenesis. The process of meiosis takes place within the seminiferous tubules. The sertoli cells found Continue reading...

Protein synthesis is the process through which the biological cells produce new protein molecules. The process helps in balancing the cellular proteins that are lost through export or degradation. The synthesis of proteins occurs through a series of processes known as translation where the ribosomes are the organelles that are involved in the creation of proteins. Translation is a part of gene expression using the messenger RNA or mRNA that is produced through transcription of the DNA molecule. The produced mRNA is then decoded to produce a chain of specific amino acids using the ribosome complex. The amino acid Continue reading...

Health issue

Marijuana consumption has different effects upon different category people. There are various health risks associated with the use of this drug. Notably, marijuana has a fatal impact upon pregnant women and the unborn baby. Exogenous marijuana has a strong impact on the cannabinoid receptors. Consumption of exogenous marijuana during pregnancy raises the likelihood of anencephaly, decrease in the rate of fetal growth, decreased fetal movement, as well as possibilities of stillbirth. Based on this health risk, it is necessary to intensify the control on the use of marijuana, prohibit its use, or even make changes, which regulate the usage Continue reading...

A midwife-nurse nurse is responsible for providing care for women in their pregnancy period and during birth. They also provide primary care to women after birth, carries out gynaecological examinations, gives family planning advices and takes care for the health of women at menopause. Basically, there are three factors that must be observed for one to be considered as an ideal midwife-nurse. First he/she must observe dignity protective actions while attending to a childbearing woman at high risk. To achieve this, there must be a dialog between the nurse-midwife-nurse and the childbearing woman. There must also be trust, mutuality, Continue reading...

Social attitude to abortion is primarily defined by moral norms and traditions of society, living conditions. In recent decades, abortion has become one of the most intensely and diversely debated issues of the moral theory. Defenders of abortion rights and their opponents do not agree among themselves even in the terminology of the dispute. Opponents argue that the problem here is the following: whether or not the embryos should not be killed, like other human beings. Advocates believe the central question here is whether it is possible to force a woman to bear an unwanted fetus even at the Continue reading...

Introduction

Teen pregnancy is a health problem that has publicly been acknowledged. Teen pregnancy has repercussions that are long lasting for the teenage mothers and the baby. Teenage mothers are likely to score low on their language skills and may not graduate from high school. Teenage pregnancy opens doors to other problems such as substance abuse and may suffer from depression. Peer pressure is listed among the top factors that lead to teenage pregnancies. Teenagers, whose friends have boyfriends and are already having sex, start feeling pressured for sex and have boyfriends so that they can fit in the group. Continue reading...

If eating a boiled duck egg with developed embryo in it is considered taboo for an American, the same cannot be said for the people in the Philippines, as the consumption of boiled duck embryo is considerably a unique piece of its food culture and history. Americans should not always think of themselves, as an epitome of cultural and social correctness and consider the uniqueness of the rest of the people in the world as disgustingly different. This is because the world and its nations of various cultures were not founded from the same political and social principle of Continue reading...

Environmental and genetic influences work hand in hand in fetal development. In reality it is difficult to account for what impact these influences may have but one thing is for sure, they work hand in hand in order for the fetus to develop well. There are many of these factors that influence a healthy fetal development. Some of the environmental influences are nutrition and health whereas genetic influences are hormones and folic acid among others (Burger 2000). These influences in one way or another have a huge role that they play in order to ensure that the fetus develops Continue reading...

THE COMFORT AND PAIN RELIEF NEEDS

OF THE
ANTEPARTUM, INTRAPARTUM, & POSTPARTUM PATIENT
Pregnancy and Pain
One of the miracles of nature is Pregnancy. Two cells that cannot be seen by the naked eye join and create a human being that walks, talks, thinks, loves, and lives. For women this stage of their life is a time of happiness and sometimes of concern. They realize that now they are in charge of their lives and the life of a new individual. While most pregnancies run a normal smooth course, some others can become high risk pregnancies. Mothers become aware of the many changes occurring in their Continue reading...

Pain Management in Pregnancy

Part I
Introduction: Pain and pregnancy
Pain is an occurrence that almost always occurs at one time or the other during the antepartum, intrapartum or postpartum period during the obstetric sojourn of the woman. Different factors result in the development of pain which is most severe during the intrapartum period. It is important for the woman to be offered modalities of abolishing or reducing the pain to the barest minimum in order to reduce the psychological and emotional trauma that excessive pain might cause the birthing mother.
Moreover, it is important to give the laboring patient sufficient and exhaustive Continue reading...

Statement of Issue

The state of Colorado recently legalized the use of Marijuana for recreational purposes. This came after the adoption of Article XVII, Section 16 of the Constitution of Colorado (Amendment 64) that legalized the use, distribution and taxation of marijuana. Consequently, the rates if marijuana use in the state has risen considerably. One of the classes of citizens who are mostly affected by the use of marijuana is pregnant mothers. The Marijuana Enforcement Division of Colorado is responsible for developing and enacting rules, which are supposed to govern both the medical and retail marijuana industries in the state of Colorado. Continue reading...

- The stromal cells that are found in the developing gonads of tetrapods begin from the medulla from the peritoneal wall and the cortex from inter-renal blastema or mesonephric. Hence the gonads have a dual origin.
- Spermatogenesis occurs in a syncytial complex because it involves the formation of sperm from undifferentiated cells that are first attached to rachis. Syncytial cell complex or syncytium result when cells with single nuclei fuse to for a cell with nucleus. Syncytial cell complex is vital in oogenesis in that it assists in the differentiation of cells. One other developmental model is vitellogenesis.
Continue reading...

The discussion over whether or not abortion should be legal in the US continues to stir reactions from different people and groups even after its legalization. There are several approaches suggested towards solving this issue. In this case, we consider two opposing sides providing opposite views on the issue of abortion.
The proponents of this debate, recognize themselves as pro-choice, they claim that abortion is a human right that everyone should enjoy. These people argue that right for abortion for women outweighs any right accrued to an embryo or foetus.
There are several key points that go towards supporting Continue reading...

Indigenous Midwifery Practices in Canada

Introduction
The indigenous people of Canada are the initial occupants of the present day Canada. They include the First Nations, Inuit and Métis. The indigenous people had a solid cultural health infrastructure even before the advent of modern medical system (Waldram, Herring & Young, 2000). The cultural health system had elements like midwifery, surgery, diagnosis and prescription principles. However, by the transition of the cultural health systems through periods of colonial influence, they have been significantly diluted. The indigenous body of beliefs about healthcare, wellbeing, spirituality and physical health, were considered deficient and substandard to the colonial health systems ( Continue reading...

Introduction

Teen's pregnancy is one of the major challenges facing most families in US. Teen's pregnancy results from unprotected sex amongst the teenagers (13 to 19 years). These early pregnancies are not desired because they are detrimental to the young mother and her child. The young mothers are cannot fully take care of the child because they are mostly in school and under care of the parents for financial supports. Therefore, teen pregnancies make most of these young mothers to jeopardise their education and overburden their parents. The major cause of these teen pregnancies includes; rape, peer pressure, negligence from Continue reading...

Part B.

1`. If two flowers, a white and a red flower produce a pink offspring, this is known as co-dominance.
2. If two peas, a yellow one and a green one produce green offspring only then the green color is dominance.
3. The yellow color is recessive.
4. If one trait in a given cross does not mask the other and both the two traits are displayed the condition is called incomplete dominance.
5. Genetic trait of Thumb H, h.

The probability of Hitchhike phenotype is ¾ while that of nonhitch phenotype is 1/4

6. Two different individual one of tongue roller while the other one is no roller.

Let the mother be roller hence the genotypes are Tt while the father be a non-roller tt.

Offsprings’ genotype Tt, Tt, tt, Continue reading...

Pregnancy during adolescence exposes ladies and the born children to health risks. Some of this risks include; malnutrition, low birth-weight, social and emotional complications and depression (McDowell, 2011). Such bad health conditions can be avoided. Ladies should engage in unprotected sex when their reproductive system has matured.
Teenage mothers do not eat well during their pregnancy (McDowell, 2011). Consequently, they do not gain weight. They give birth to light kids. Low birth-weight relates to several complications including; poorly developed organs, brain bleeding, interstitial problems and respiratory distress. In addition to this, teenage mothers are likely to use drugs due Continue reading...

Argument 1 for Birth Control: Birth control paves the way for responsible family planning.

In today’s hard times, it is but a couple’s due diligence to properly plan for family life. Planned pregnancies ensure that both the soon-to-be father and mother are ready for the daunting task of taking care of a child. Planning for a family entails not just financial investment but emotional investment as well. Until the couple is ready to face the realities and hardships of parenthood, birth control must be practiced. It may be accomplished via 100% abstinence from sex or thru other medically acceptable means. Birth control helps any couple to engage in sexual relations while Continue reading...

Type of research study: Qualitative

Purpose of the study:
The purpose of this study is to a) update existing reviews of ultrasound for routine fetal assessment in early pregnancy, b) to review the use of routine ultrasound during pregnancy for the detection of fetal abnormalities, c) to conduct a study of the costs of routine two-stage ultrasound in early or mid-pregnancy, d) to compile reviews of women’s views on ultrasound examination and its costs, and e) to assess the consequences of routine two-stage ultrasound.

Methods/sample:

Primary research was undertaken to supplement the data from existing literature. Systematic reviews of literature were done. Studies were Continue reading...

Introduction

Pregnancy is a special period in women’s lives and while for some women it represents a time to increase their health and safety strategies for protecting themselves and their unborn babies, for others this period is solely stressful as they are trying to cope with their substance use. The alcohol and drug consumption among pregnant women is an increasingly concerning issue, as it affects both the child-bearing women’s health and the development of the fetus and later, of the child. This essay examines three research articles that discuss the effects of alcohol and drug use during and Continue reading...

Menopause can be a difficult time in a woman’s life when she if faced with many changes that impact her body. Her hormones can cause a great deal of stress, hot flashes can be very uncomfortable, and there are several other side effects to menopause that make it a generally uncomfortable period. Typically after menopause it is commonly accepted that a woman’s childbearing years are over. However, many women are beginning to use technological advancements to defy this sentence, having children in a postmenopausal state. This is not safe to do for several reasons. The typical age Continue reading...

Recent research has shown the importance of breastfeeding to infant babies for healthy growth and development of important organs such as the brain. Children who are breastfed developed a high IQ and a good cognitive functioning ability. The infant gets the nutrients from the mother inside the worm and through breast-feeding after birth. The mother's milk has important nutrients such as fatty acids (which promote neuronal growth), iodine, vitamins and carbohydrates. Prenatal maternal nutrition is concerned and addresses the nutrients that the infant gets during the pregnancy after birth which have an impact on the infant birth weight and Continue reading...

There are a variety of birth defects that are influenced by the actions of the parent while the child is in utero. From the harmful effects of drugs and alcohol, to the physiological changes that occur within the mother’s body as a response to stress and dietary deficiencies, the influence of such prenatal events can prove to be lifelong for the child. One such disorder associated with the prenatal environment is known as Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), which falls under the category of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. The spectrum of disorders under the FASD umbrella also includes Partial Continue reading...

Introduction

For a long time now, the debate in the moral status of abortion has been raging. Anti-abortionists and pro-choicers have held and argued for different premises, each armed with relevant moral principles to collaborate their positions. The moral principles that have been used to advance these arguments among others include the principle that only persons hold the right to life and the principle that it is immoral to end the life of a human being. Other arguments towards the moral status of abortion are influenced by religious dogma. The common ground for many anti-abortionist arguments is that it is Continue reading...

Abortion ideally refers to the medical procedures of terminating a pregnancy that result to the death of the embryo or fetus. It can also be defined as the spontaneous removal or expulsion of a fetus during its first twelve weeks of gestation. Abortions together with the related issues that are associated with abortion have been the center of discussions in various forums, in the United States. These forums range from political debates to those that have a religious inclination. 30 states in the United States already enacted legislation that prohibited abortion and its related issues. However, there were instances Continue reading...

Abortion has been, is, and always will be a topic that rouses great debate among ethicists and philosophers. Deciding whether or not to end a life, or if it is a life that is ending began a discussion that is likely never to end. Many believe that an abortion is ethically irresponsible and even intolerable. They believe that it is no different than if one were to go out and murder another living person. However, the argument can be made that the act of abortion does have an ethical foot to stand on, for several reasons, all of which Continue reading...

The thought of killing to most people is bone chilling and makes the hairs on the back of the neck stand up. Abortion is unjustifiable murder because that fetus being done away with is a human being that deserves the right to live just like the people participating in the act. Abortion is an issue that should not be taken lightly because; it is a termination of what could potentially become a human being. Abortion is the intentional termination of a pregnancy before maturity. This is the removal of an embryo or fetus from the womb before maturity. There Continue reading...

Purpose

The labor and delivery unit provides care for mothers and babies before, during and after delivery. This unit focuses on the provision of care for them others during labor and as they deliver, monitoring of both the mother and the baby after delivery and coaching mothers on breastfeeding and caring for the child.

Patients

This unit focuses on provision of care to pregnant women in labor whether the labor is complicated or is uncomplicated. This is to ensure the safe delivery of the babies and help women go through the procedure safely. After delivery, the nurses in the unit have Continue reading...

The Process of Spermatogenesis in the Male Testis

Spermatogenesis is an intricate process that involves mitotic cell division, meiosis, and its process. The regulation of spermatogenesis involves the endocrine and the paracrine mechanisms. The spermatogenesis endocrine stimulation involves the follicle stimulating hormones (FSH) and the luteinizing hormone. The luteinizing hormone acts through the intermediary testosterone that is produced by the leydig cells in the testis. A male fertility requires the production by the testis with large number of normal spermatozoa by spermatogenesis process. There are three major steps subdivided in the process; the mitosis, meiosis, and the transformation of the round spermatid. The multiplication of spermatogonia is Continue reading...

Abstract

One of the most controversial issues ever over time is abortion and whether women have the right to have one or not. The debate has become even more intense after the Roe v. Wade court case. Opposing viewpoint collide, based on one’s religion, morals and political affiliations, among others. To answer the perpetual dilemma ‘to have an abortion or not’ is always difficult and subjective. However, introducing the health problems deriving from having an abortion is a more objective approach, given that projected medical-related problems are based on solid evidence and facts. This paper discusses the possible reasons Continue reading...

Maternity services require high quality where the outcomes are compared favorably in order to improve and respond to the needs brought forward by the family. Primary maternity services entail giving care and attention to the woman through antenatal, birthing and postnatal care where the risks are kept as low as possible. These services are kept safe and effective through structures given by care providers that ensure appropriate assessment, timely referral and access to secondary services. Women in this stage will be referred to secondary services and then tertiary services which provide higher level of medical care. This structure enables Continue reading...

Introduction

Utilitarian ethical theory defines morality as the maximization of expectable utility for parties likely to be affected by an action or a decision. Furthermore, various aspects of utilitarianism have historically been under development and debate, this modern theory, however, is most attributed to John Stuart. He developed this theory from a Hedonistic version that had been prevailed upon by his mentor Jeremy Bentham. Its basic principle is that actions are good to the extent that they promote the greatest good for majority of the population. It matters not whether at a reasonable man’s point of view, the actions Continue reading...

The Bill was introduced on 11th July, 2013 by Republican lawmakers. It incorporated measures that would beef up abortion regulations in the State of Texas. In its interests, it followed that a ban was to be put in place that makes it unlawful for one to perform an abortion beyond 20 weeks after fertilization. The proponent in the introduction of the Bill also targeted protection of innocent fetuses from undue pain. It also required that, in the event medical doctors were to perform an abortion, it must be in a registered surgical institution. Furthermore, it had a clause that Continue reading...

The education of women and girls tends to result in a low rate of population growth. This is because education provides females with the knowledge on how to plan their families. For instance, education provides them with knowledge about the use of contraceptives and thus results in a reduction in pregnancies. In any case, it allows women to space pregnancies and have fewer children that matches their economic abilities. Consequently, a decline in the number of children in every household result in a slow rate of population growth.
Another correlation between the education of the girl child and that Continue reading...