Essays on Punishment

The Everyman Play is a morality play that became popular after the Corpus Christi Plays were banned in the 15th century. The play was written by an unknown author, but many Historians believe that the author was probably a priest or monk as they were the people who usually wrote religious and moral dramas. It is also likely that the play is a conglomeration of numerous authors due to several rewrites throughout history. The play was originally written in Middle English. The play uses allegory to look at “Everyman” who is the representation of mankind. The play looks at ...

Dear _____________

I have just finished reading a short story called The Lottery. At first, I assumed the story was the one written by the famous American writer known as Shirley Jackson. However, it was an entirely different story but one that ends in death just the same. While the story was well written, I did not like it so much. The content of the story made me feel helpless like the child who is narrating the story. Reading about the lynch mob and knowing the result of such crowds means someone will die without every getting a proper court trial. ...

Classical school of criminology

Classical school of criminology describes the works of classical philosophers. This school of thought is developed on the premise that people’s participation crime is through their reliance of free will. In this regard, the application of punishment to a criminal behaviour was as seen as a deterrent to crime. It follows the primitive systems and mechanisms of enhancing societal order in which a range of punishments (Siegel, 2016). These forms of punishment include whipping, mutilation and executions for criminal behaviour. This school bases the argument on spirituality. That because we were born either male or female, people do ...

In the 1972 Supreme Court case Furman v. Georgia, two of the most comprehensive arguments in opposition to the death penalty were made by Justices William Brennan and Thurgood Marshall. Brennan’s argument centered on three elements. First, simple because the death penalty was used from the birth of the nation to the present, did not mean that the nation could never abolish it (Tabak, 1991). A modern proof of Brennan’s argument here is that while the death penalty was historically a common punishment in societies across the world, today 140 countries have abolished the death penalty in ...

Introduction

In the book, “The Behavior of Law” Donald Black tries to explain how the conduct of law is a social phenomenon. Black describes a general, quantitative and predictive theory that describes the various conditions within which law is applied or can be applied. Black argues that since law is a social phenomenon, it does not take into account the human nature concept. As such, law can be explained without incorporating a person’s motivations or any other psychological motivations. This means that the theory does not take into account the rationality of human beings and also the goals and ...

What are the similarities and differences between the trial of Jesus and Socrates?

Similarities Both Jesus and Socrates had defied the then establishment and both the trials took place publicly. During the trials, there was a view in favour of showing leniency but the public revolted against the jury and demanded the death penalty. Finally, the jury had to give in to the demand of the majority. Both Jesus and Socrates were given the chance to justify their acts and convince the jury. This was mandated by the legal proceedings. Both were accused of blasphemy. Socrates was charged with dishonouring the Greek’s God, while Jesus was accused of being made himself ...

Organized crime has often been branded as one of the most difficult types of crimes to deal with, and rightly so, given its nature. The extreme preparedness and structuring that goes into executing each criminal activity, as well as the number of people involved in an organized crime makes it difficult for the investigating authorities to apprehend the criminals involved therein. According to Blacks Law dictionary, the most distinct feature of organized crime is the fact that it is extremely planned and systematic. It is never sudden as it involves many people acting in concert with the common intention ...

Tax reform proposal analysis – Hillary Clinton

Each candidate in this year’s presidential election has a big vision for the United States regarding revenue which would lead to the growth of the American economy. One of the issues at hand that each of them is tackling is the tax issue. Hillary Clinton is one of the most vibrant candidates in the presidential election. According to Hillary, her tax proposal is set to grow America economically. First on her proposal is the increase in tax on home and business income due to some policies that are set to be enacted, the plan aims at enacting what ...

The criminal justice system, like the federal government, is composed of three branches, namely law enforcement, courts, and corrections (Kaci, 1998). To be sure, the three branches of criminal justice also share the federal government’s separation of powers. Law enforcement, which is mainly comprised of local and state police forces including city police, county sheriffs, and state troopers, are responsible for enforcing the criminal laws, investigating criminal activity, and bringing criminal suspects to justice. The courts, which include criminal court judges, prosecutors, and defense attorneys are tasked with the litigation and adjudication of a suspect’s guilt; and ...

Racism in the United States continues to be a big issue nationally and in states, institutions, offices and daily commute. However, it is not as severe as it were in the past few centuries. Regardless of the vice, America should be at a point in life when everyone enjoys equality and a chance to interact with whoever they want. Racism is existent in concentrated areas like schools and prisons where different races forms alliances amongst themselves. It leads to constant racial fights and drifts. The new generation of racism should be a national issue whereby everyone should change their ...

Christianity, after the resurrection of Jesus went through a lot of phases before it was transmitted from Ancient Israel to Europe as the main religion. This period is generally viewed as the era of “early Christianity”. In this period, Christianity was viewed by most Romans as a sect of Judaism as such, it was criminalized with severe sanctions like torture and death for practitioners. Due to this, Christianity was practiced secretly in the underground and many women were involved in it. The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze the role of women in early Christianity. During the ...

Generally speaking, police officers must exercise some amount of force when they are involved in the arrest of persons of interest in the criminal proceedings. Force is permitted as it is necessary under specified circumstances including defense against perpetrators and cases of self-defense. Of course there are no universal classifications or definition on the extent of the force that these police officers use as each case of arrest is different and the perpetrators will respond in different ways. Nonetheless, the governing bodies such as the International Association of Chiefs of Police have created a structured definition of force as ...

“Abandon all hope, ye who enter here" (Canto 3). A truly scary and miserable place to be in. Exactly with this scripture begins Dante's journey towards the depth of Hell and ever farther. His way of finding out the truth about the human soul, the journey to learn the nature of sin, the nature of happiness, and the way to God. Genuine morality is bestowed upon Dante as he travels the dark realm of Hell and the nature of which will he explore. First of all, morality resides on the set of rules and instructions on how to behave ...

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Source: Law Office of Shawn M. George <http://www.smgapc.com/practice-areas/california-three-strikes-law/ Every generation in the United States has seen new tactics designed to continue the oppression of racial minorities, abjuring the rights the Founding Fathers deemed necessary and irrevocable for all people in the nation. Many African Americans were denied their right to participate in the growth of the new nation. Centuries later, the United States is still far from being called a true “egalitarian society.” Racial segregation and bigotry have been evinced in a number of forms; over the years, these forms have changed and evolved but the ...

Out of three parts of Dante’s Divine Comedy, the first part – Inferno is by far the most understandable and reasonable. Dante uses Hell to show and educate the readers his vision of morality. As an artistic technique, he depicts his own travel over the depths of Hell. He is led by Vergil, who explains all about those who are in Hell and what happens to them according to their sins. This, indeed, is a very powerful method to deliver the main idea to the reader, especially concerning that most of the readers perceive the poem literally but not ...

Liberty has a different meaning to different people. Some people may not even know liberty even exists because of the society they live in which is very oppressive towards certain ideas. Liberty to some people is the freedom from controlling government, the ability to decide one’s destiny, to be able to speak or write their thoughts, to not be confined based on one’s appearance, and to be free from foreign rule. While there is no real official rule about what liberty truly is, I had the opportunity to interview people from various backgrounds about what liberty is ...

Should the juveniles be executed?

Today, we can see a greater incidence of juvenile delinquencies. There are a lot of factors that contribute to this type of crime when underage adolescents commit violent crimes. Without these factors, most of the people would never break a law. Most of them take their roots in their early childhood when they were exposed to abuse from the parent’s side or were bullied at school. Of course, two different people can come from the same environment. There are a lot of biological and psychological factors such as nervous diseases, endocrine disorders, physical exuberance and even lack of ...

Civil Liberties and Social Responsibility

In 2002, as reported by The New York Times, the Bush administration approved a presidential bill giving the National Security Agency (NSA) the power to track, listen to, and intercept without a warrant the local and international communications (e.g. emails, phone calls) of a vast number of American citizens. Sooner or later, the scheme expanded to involve a certain extent of 'internal controls' (ACLU, 2015, para 2), yet there was no mention of mandating warrants specified under the foreign intelligence surveillance laws. This surveillance program has penetrated and invaded almost all of the communications technologies and networks that the ...

Juvenile offenders continue to make the news with their delinquent behaviors that are often disturbing to the natural balance of the order of the society. There is a growing concern with the number of juvenile crimes that is committed in the society at present and that the measures that are currently in place appear to be ineffective. Juveniles commit serious crimes that warrant greater punishment that the judiciary system metes out to these children. But advocates on children rights would argue that juveniles are not mentally developed to deal with the punishment that would suit the crimes that they ...

Learning is an experience, and as a teacher, I am entitled to create this experience for the learner. While a teacher can only provide the experience, it is up to the learner to utilize this experience for enhancing his performance or knowledge. For example, I will try to teach the students English spellings. Behaviorism theories can be used to explain a learning process that will lead to an observable and measurable changes in the student’s behavior, which in this case is his ability to spell English words, correctly. Pavlov Classical conditioning and Skinners Operant conditioning are examples of ...

Through the ages punishment as a sociocultural phenomenon has changed its aim and methods; however, the main meaning to community hardly transformed. In some cases, this stage is the only one key chance to get free, prove the innocence by acting on someone’s behalf. However, in the modern world people, as their ancestors, sometimes refuse to renounce their commitments.

Historical context

History of the human world offers a great number of cases, when people were protecting themselves in front of judges, juries and victims, but still unwilling to forsake their beliefs. Nicolaus Copernicus, Timothy Cole and, especially Socrates, are the ...

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Abstract

Nothing offends a society and community’s sense of morals and safety than instances where the most vulnerable of the community are subjected to brutal and crimes that define reason. Various agencies played significant parts in the perception of sexual felons as brutal, unfeeling and callous “brutes” out for the satisfaction of their own perverted carnal pleasures. However, research shows that what the media and other agencies reported tend to skew a proper study and comprehension of the proper understanding of what actually comprises sexual deviance. In addition, the public’s understanding of sexual felony is mainly founded ...

Abstract

This paper is about behavior modification, it starts with a discussion of what behavior modification is concerned with. Following the discussions on behavior modification is another discussion from a website for behavior modification, The Zen Habits Free Website, was selected in this discussion. There are different kinds of behavior some of which are desirable while others are faulty. Behavior modification seeks to correct these behaviors that are undesirable. It is very important for people undergoing behavior modification to be supported and encouraged by important others. There are counselors and psychologists who are mandated with this task especially in rehabilitation ...

Morality requires that people suspend their primal and visceral responses to situations, but it does not require belief in a supernatural order or power. In fact, the threat of an afterlife filled with punishment does not lead to moral living. It might lead to the temporary sublimation of sinful desires, but those desires will emerge later, sometimes in more harmful ways, because the consciousness cannot sublimate them forever. Belief in a supernatural being can enhance one’s morality, but it is not necessary – and it cannot compel morality. Moral behaviors are a choice freely made, one way or the ...

The society creates the various gender roles and as a result, with time, these roles are viewed as the appropriate behavior of a person. Learning and life experiences help develop gender roles. The idea of femininity and masculinity not only prevails in the present times but also in the Victorian era. Although gender construction can be defined by biological factors, a larger convection believes that gender is socially constructed. Therefore, gender is a social construct as the society is responsible for determining what characterizes a particular sex and the subjects act by those characteristics. Feminism refers to the nature ...

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McElwee (2013) avers that the United States must overthrow the legal bases for the imposition of the death penalty. The system, according to McElwee, is not only crude; it is expensive, impotent, and biased. The primary objective of the criminal justice system is to prevent criminal activities, restore convicted criminals, and restrain indurated criminals. Psychologically speaking, being sent to prison for life attains these goals better than the imposition of the death penalty. A life sentence is an actual and effective deterrent; incarceration allows for the restoration of the offender; when the criminal is sentenced to death, ...

Abstract

Child abuse is a despicable crime as it directed at the most young and unprotected segment of the population. Each year, there are almost three million children that are reported abused or neglected. The vast range of psychological diseases is reported to be connected with early childhood trauma, this is why this problem is very serious in United states. The paper explains the main reasons of child abuse as well as some ideas about the ways of preventing it. Also, the work includes the types of child abuse and the short description of each of them. The conclusion highlights ...

Abstract

The instances of organized crime are constantly on the rise. While various theories exist to explain the incidence of organized crime the rational choice theory and the conflict theory best explain the occurrence of organized criminal behavior. It must also be noted that the quality of a social institution defined its ability and adeptness at dealing with instances of organized crime. In some societies, the social institution further propagates inequalities that lay the foundation for the growth of organized crime. This is best explained by the conflict theory that states that the nature of a social institution is such ...

With advancements in computer and information technologies, criminals-terrorists in particular have devised new ways of committing crime through the internet sometimes without being detected, but with devastating impacts. A common type of digital crime that is used by internet hackers and terror gangs to compromise government and private organization information systems is cybercrime. Digital crimes are crimes committed to compromise the integrity, confidentiality and availability of computer systems or data (Jewkes & Yar, 2013). Digital criminals normally modify, alter, impair or interfere with the access to a digital or computer information system. Criminology theories such as rational choice, social disorganization, ...

Interpersonal physical violence (committed against women and children)

Human trafficking and concomitant criminal sexual exploitation of women and children in the XXI century is becoming the fastest growing and highly lucrative activity for transnational organized crime. Statistical data of different sources irrefutably specify on the tendency of increasing human trafficking in many countries of the world. It is necessary, to mark that this crime is not a problem of one state and an issue that has gained an international dimension. The danger of human trafficking is that the buyer gets as a result of the deed of sale full control over the victim and may dispose of ...

#1 - The agencies that are included in the National Intelligence are Air force Intelligence, Department of State, and Federal Bureau of Investigation (Office of the Director of National Intelligence, n.d.). The purpose of USAF is to provide intelligence derived from space, airborne, and cyberspace sensors, while the Department of State is the one that handles the collected reports, to which it acts as the focal point within the intelligence community. On the other hand, the FBI is accountable for understanding various threats against the national security. #2 - The changing demographic trends that affect the policing are jurisdiction, ...

Victims and Crime Evaluation

Victims and Crime Evaluation

Introduction

The criminal justice system is used as a guide to maintain law and justice in the world. The criminal justice system ensures that all the branches of the government are used to maintain law and order by controlling and deterring crime, upholding social control, and sanctioning the people who have violated the law with criminal punishments/penalties, and rehabilitation efforts. The criminal justice system comprises of three primary elements that are, the courts, the legislative, and corrections (Siegel & Senna, 2005). In the central bodies of the criminal justice system, each one of them has individuals that ...

No legal topic remains as controversial as the death penalty. The continued use of the death penalty divides the nation on some of the most fundamental moral and political debates. While the death penalty is a form of punishment that has been around since he dawn of time, many people question whether the use of the death penalty is compatible with modern society. The death penalty also raises some interesting constitutional concerns. There is widespread belief that the death penalty is not administered in a fair and impartial manner, which would mean that some groups of people are disproportionately ...

Introduction

Social learning theory is a comprehensive theory that encompasses interrelated concepts about human behavior. The first to develop this theory is the American psychologist, Albert Bandura, in the 1960s. Bandura theorized that people learn behavior through observation, which he proved through his ‘Bobo doll’ experiment. Social learning theorists believe that human behavior is not just a product of the ‘cause and effect’ phenomenon as what behaviorism suggests, but rather, human beings processes information from the environment and learns their behavior over time. According to Bandura, man is a thinking creature; that he is not helpless to the psychological and ...

Introduction

The misappropriation of assets involves the misuse or theft of the organization’s cash or non-cash assets by the fraudulent organizational leaders or employees. On the other hand, financial statement fraud involves deliberately misstating or omitting information in the financial reports of the organization. These economic crimes have numerous undesirable impacts on the businesses. For instance, the companies, which fall victim to asset misappropriation suffer huge losses. Financial statement fraud and asset misappropriation also undermine the integrity, credibility, transparency, and quality of the process of financial reporting (Vlad, Tulvinschi, and Chiriţă 268). As an outside consultant to Hollate Manufacturing, ...

Importance of privacy policies in a fusion center

Information is the key goal for a Fusion Center. A Fusion Center collects and analyzes data from various sources to determine the likelihood of potential threats from domestic and foreign origin against the US. The information from government and private sources contribute largely to a Fusion Center’s database (Regan and Monahan, 2013). The most potent information often originates from the general population. The case of the Lackawanna Six is a testament to that. The people who provided the anonymous tip believed that the Federal Bureau of Investigation works to safeguard the nation. The FBI, with a long history ...

Over the period from 2010 to 2016 the U.S. Supreme Court delivered its rulings in a range of landmark criminal cases, dealing with diverse topics, such as freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures, rights regarding counsel, detainment of suspects in terrorism, as well as criminal sentences. The case Miller v Alabama (2012) belongs to the last category. The major finding of the Court in this case was that mandatory sentences of life, not including the parole possibility, are unconstitutional in relation to juvenile offenders. The case was referred to the Supreme Court by Evan Miller, a 14-year boy, who ...

Question1: Precarious Work Environment and the State of Psychological Contract

Psychological contract refers to the beliefs held by individuals regarding promises made and accepted between themselves for their common interests. In a work environment, psychological contract of workers varies considerably. In many cases, there remains a big spasm between actual physical contract and psychological contract (expectation from the other party). The ultimately goal of any organization is to bridge the gap between actual expectation and perceived expectation (Sharkie). However, in dangerous or precarious work environments such as Steel foundries, Ice manufacturing, police job, fire-fighting, meat packaging and other heavy manufacturing, the state of psychological contract is often different from ...

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Children in Prison

In the definition given by the General Medical Council (2016), the term “children” refers to “younger minors who do not have the maturity or understanding to make important decisions for themselves.” In the same report, the term “young people” is used for individuals who are “older or more experienced children and are more likely to be able to make decisions for themselves.” The law holds that when an individual reaches the age of 16, adolescents have the ability to render decisions regarding their respective welfare and status, though there are differences with regards to legal investigations ...

In considering sentencing guidelines and mandatory minimum sentencing, there are similarities and differences. The nuances of each, when comparing one to another, can be confusing. The inherent intent of both is to ensure fair and justified sentencing when considering certain offenses. Among others, three significant purposes to both are that the punishment does not exceed the extent of the crime; that if the crime warrants, a mandatory minimum penalty should be assessed; and that given the offense, punishment is fair to all who commit a similar offense. Sentencing guidelines for federal offenses (addressed here as opposed to individual state ...

Social movements being collective activities and efforts used by certain groups of people or institutions and organizations to bring about desired social change in the society have been in existence in the US and other parts of the world since time immemorial. The most notable ones are the civil rights movements in the beginning of the 18 century and industrial revolution period (Snow, Soule & Kriesi 26). These social movements make use of a variety of strategies to recruit their members ranging from social networks to collective identity. They play a significant role in mobilizing social, economic and political change ...

There are several myths concerning the application of the death row inmates in cases of serious crimes. Such myths can make the population confused. One of the myths about the death row is that many countries use this kind of punishment. However, in reality, the majority of countries, including almost all European countries, declined such way of punishment. The United States is the only western democratic state that uses the capital sentence as a form of punishment of offenders. Another myth regarding the death warrant concerns what many people believe that the capital punishment can prevent new crimes and ...

In the first week, after taking a leadership quality self-assessment test, I was able to assess my leadership capabilities as being on the road of turning into a great leader with the exception of some areas where I did not attained the maximum score. My strongest points included positivity and being a visionary. Positivity gives me the capability to initiate changes that are needed to surpass work-related challenges such as uplifting staff morale, and when it comes to envisioning the future, I am capable of delivering inspiration to all nurses around me to create an image of a better ...

We Can Remember It for You Wholesale (Phillip K. Dick) – Air Raid (John Varley). ‘We Can Remember It for You Wholesale’ is a futuristic short story written by Phillip K. Dick, centered on the concept of memory manipulation. It takes on the undiscovered fields of new age science. The concepts involved in the short story are so complex and underdeveloped even in this age and time. But still the author immaculately and ostentatiously nails his narrative. In the same sense, ‘Air Raid’ written by John Varley, seems to be the perfect match for the pairing. Both these short stories ...

Roll Number

Introduction After Global Agreement for Trade and Tariff came into existence in the 1990s, the overall supply chain process used in companies changed completely. Companies started sourcing raw materials and finished goods from thousands of miles away to gain cost advantage even though those were available nearby the point of consumption (Kannan and Sasikumar, 2009). Supply chain suddenly became the main differentiating factor between companies. The supply chain process increased the overall goods movement, which increased the greenhouse gas emission enormously. Increased level of demands started generating huge amounts of waste and this became a concern for the governments. ...

Management of a sports facility is often meant to help in precautious handling and preparedness for disasters that can arise during the football games. The World over, many notable disasters have hit football stadia that acted as an eye opener to the football governing body to enact appropriate legislation that will prevent any element of risk to the fans (Percio 2015, p.223–235). In the UK, there are infamous disasters that hit the game of football leading to loss of lives and numerous injuries to the victims. One of such incidences was the Hillsborough disaster that struck on 15th ...

Introduction

There has always been a debate over the constitutionality of the death penalty and questions if the punishment is against the Eighth and Fourteenth amendments of the Bill of Rights. Many criticize the punishment for being against the Eighth and the Fourteenth amendments as it can be categorized as a cruel and unusual punishment. The Congress or legislature of any state can prescribe the use of the death penalty, for criminal activities such as murder and other capital criminal activities. The Supreme Court has already decided that the death penalty does not violate the 14th and 8th amendments. But, ...

Socrates was, and still is, considered to be one of the most profound contributors to human philosophy that has ever lived. In the end, he was, if anything, a bit progressive for his time. This was reflected in the fact that he introduced many new thoughts and ideologies that ran counter to culture at the time. As such, he was eventually arrested, placed on trial, and set for execution. With many supporters around the region, Socrates likely could have gotten free somehow. This could have perhaps took place via an escape, but he chose no such way out. As ...

Executive Summary

The case relates to the lawsuits filed against Amgen in Ventura. Amgen is an American multinational company headquartered in Thousand Oaks, California. The complaints were brought by former employees who were fired from the organization. The employees complained that the reason for firing them was disclosure of wrongdoing of an organization in front of leaders. Shawn O’Brien was terminated as a result of retaliation for informing the company about the problems and reported complaints of the drugs distributed in the market. He was a senior project manager, and his job was to improve compliance processes with high risk ...

United States Constitution is the fundamental law of the United States having the highest legal force. The American Constitution was adopted in September 17, 1787 at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia and subsequently ratified by all then existing thirteen American states. It is considered the world's first constitution in the modern sense. It consists of seven articles, for the duration of the Constitution there have been adopted twenty-seven amendments, which are its integral part. The Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Amendments are considered as important amendments for people, as they protect them from different kinds of discrimination. The Fourth Amendment ...

The Belmont Report

The Belmont Report was designed to ensure that practitioners and psychologists in the United States upheld ethical standards in psychological studies. Historically, three ethical principles have been developed as guiding principles as a result of the Belmont Report; each of these principles must be adhered to by anyone or any organization that is using human test subjects during the course of their work. These three ethical principles emphasize respect for persons, beneficence, and justice—without adherence to these principles, the ethical study can and should be considered inappropriate and should not be conducted. Each of these three facets of ...

The Constitution of the United States was signed on September 17, 1787 (History). The main bone of contention between Federalists and Anti-Federalists was whether to propose the Bill of Rights or leave the Constitution without the amendments. Federalists believed that the states and the people “kept any powers not given to the federal government” (Bill of Rights Institute) and due to this fact there was no need to make any additions to the Constitution. Anti-Federalists were sure that it was a must to create the Bill of Rights to safeguard freedoms and liberty of each citizen of the country. ...

1. Why does Quail want to go to Mars? The unknown world of another planet attracted him very much. Douglass was obsessed with the idea of trudging among its valleys again because he had already visited the planet as a secret Interplan agent. 2. Why does Quali’s wife always try to discourage his interest in Mars? Douglas himself stated that it was a wife’s job to bring him down to Earth. In fact, Kirsten knew about his previous trip to Mars. 3. How does REKAL, INC. provide trips to Mars? They incorporate extra-factual memory implant and provide ...

The motives and characteristics of stalking has been a subject of research for decades. However, when one tries to understand persons who stalkers public figures like Presidents, there is an obvious gap in typology. The President of the country is the most visible celebrity; therefore, the psychopathology of the stalkers is essential when evaluating psychiatric state of these people. It is obvious that all stalkers have some psychological disorders that push them to act in a weird way. Some of them act openly and aggressively, while others try to hide themselves and mean no harm. The motives derive from ...

The U.S. Correctional Facility: Punishment or Rehabilitation? The U.S. Correctional Facility: Punishment or Rehabilitation?

Introduction:

Currently, there are more than 2.3 million people incarcerated in the United States (Fisher, 2014) and the number is growing at a rapid rate. In recent years very few efforts have been made to reform the broken system; with many viewing the criminal justice system as convicts “getting what they deserve” (Fisher, 2014 p. 71) and less as a form of rehabilitation. Since the shift from rehabilitation-focused to a penal system the rate of incarceration has increased drastically. This current trend of mass incarceration is ...

Paralegals, or legal assistants, perform essential tasks delegated to them by licensed attorneys that the attorneys would otherwise have to complete on their own. According to the National Association of Legal Assistants (NALA), legal assistants obtain the knowledge and expertise of the legal system that qualifies them to do work of a legal nature “through formal education, training, and experience” (NALA, 2015). Paralegals fill a vital role throughout both civilian and military law practices. However, there are some important distinctions both between the scope of responsibilities and formal education required that exist between the two classes of paralegals. NALA ...

3.1 Define and explain social conformity. According to the book Enforcing social conformity: A theory of authoritarianism (2003), Feldman defined the term social conformity as a sort of social impact that come up with the change of conduct or belief so as to fit in a group. Social conformity is divided into two parts: Normative conformity and informational Conformity (p.44). Normative Conformity, take place due to the need of one being accepted or liked; while informational conformity, happens due to the need of being corrected. 3.2 Explain the conformity experiments of Sherif, Asch, and Zimbardo. Participants of the Sherif's ...

The Supreme Court of the United States has frequently participated in the concepts of judicial activism and judicial restraint. Many courts have been known to be either strictly activist or strictly restraint. However, recent history shows that nine justices in a single term can use activism in one case and restraint in another. Judicial restraint occurs when the justices rely more heavily on past case law and legal interpretations already presented when making decisions. While judicial activism occurs when justices go beyond interpretations and lean more toward personal preferences and current political trends in rendering decisions. Predicting which theory ...

The juvenile justice system was created to treat and rehabilitate juvenile offenders. As a result, policies and court decisions tend to reflect this goal. In this essay, three of the most important court cases regarding the juvenile justice system will be discussed. The first examines when a juvenile can be tried as an adult, and what steps must first be taken in the juvenile court. The second court case looks at what mitigating factors must be considered when sentencing a 16 or 17-year-old offender to capital punishment. The third case will look into whether 16 or 17-year-old offenders receiving ...

“Mulatto” is a play written by Langston Hughes in the thirties of the previous century. The play explores the issues of the race such as lynching and miscegenation as well as the tragedy of family relationships between father and son during a difficult and controversial period in the social relations in America. The author received the national reputation of a dramatist due to the performance of “Mulatto” in 1935 by Martin Jones on Broadway. The play appealed to the public of Broadway because it examined the theme of tragic mulatto that symbolized the failure of the myth of egalitarianism. ...