Essays on Punishment

Speech 1: Informational Speech:

In the wake of the economic crash of 2008, one of the industries that was hardest hit was the US automobile industry. In particular need of help were the 'Big Three' US car companies - Ford, GM, and Chrysler - who faced bankruptcy and complete collapse. Dubbed 'too big to fail' along with many big US banks, the United States government ended up giving them substantial bailouts (in the order of $50 million) in order to revive those companies, and the industry in general. The result was an incredibly large investment of the federal government in private businesses, allotting ...

Children have a way of getting through with their demands; they will often convince their parents using various methods including withdrawal to attract their parent’s attention. When children realize that they have the power to influence the parents, they will take advantage of it and use it to get more from them.

Betty’s behavior came by after her parents decided to give in into her requests of sleeping with her. It has further been enhanced by the presence of a stimulus that is the continuous acceptance of her parents to sleep on their bed and the fact that ...

There are several theories that can be used to explain the antisocial behavior that shows the progression from juvenile to adult criminality. The subject can be said to be in connection to deviance, juvenile deviance, as well as criminal deviance. Deviance refers to certain behaviors that are contrary to social expectations or standards of conduct of a given society or a group. Juvenile deviance, on the other hand, refers to the antisocial behavior shown by the youths. These include the violation of juvenile laws as well as delinquent actions affecting the society and criminal acts. Lastly, criminal deviance can be explained ...

Introduction

The way how a correctional department handles inmates may vary from state to state. However, these state correctional departments may have something in common. Australian and British correction department authorities usually assign incarcerated individuals in areas that require human resources for community services, public projects and other civic-related works . Now what makes this idea great? Is it beneficial? Can it be considered ethical or a direct violation of human rights? Either way, that is what this presentation will be all about.

Community Service Sentencing among Low Risk Inmates

Some sources argue that community service cannot really be termed as a punishment because it is not something you assign to ...

The death penalty was introduced in America through the common law brought by the British (Garland et. al., 2011). Indeed the British carried out the death penalty in America during the colonial era. When America gained independence, the death penalty was transplanted to the laws of the independent America. Though it was not expressly provided for, they were arguments that since the Eighth Amendment only prohibits unusual and cruel punishments, it does not disallow death penalty. Accordingly, there were several instances of death penalties imposed.

The Supreme Court considered the constitutionality of the death sentence in the case ...

White, Deborah. “Pros and Cons of the Death Penalty” Retrieved from http://deathpenalty.procon.org/view.answers.reader-comments.php?questionID=1324

Deborah White in her article “Pros and Cons of the Death Penalty” said in her research that in 1972, the United States Supreme Court effectively nullified the death penalty converting the death sentences of hundreds of death row inmates to life in prison. But in 1976, another Supreme Court ruling found capital punishment to be constitutional and since then up to June of 2009, 1,167 persons were executed. Amnesty International spoke out against the death penalty stating that it is the ultimate denial of human ...

The ability to properly use such tools of presenting information as logos, pathos and ethos is essential in academic research writing. The main ideas of scholarly articles are best supported by the balanced combination of all three ingredients of persuasion. The analysis of “An Argument in Favor of Capital Punishment” provides the multiple evidence of the effective implementation of ethos, pathos and logos supported the argumentation of the main idea and persuade reader to formulate the particular opinion regarding the issue of capital punishment (Jowett, O’Donnell 62).

Ethos is the ethical appeal that relates to the definition ...

Just as a wild animal cannot be left to roam about in the city so is a criminal restrained from mixing up with other people in the fear that they would be exposing them to danger. Although crime is unavoidable in our societies, the judicial system has put measures to try and control it. One of the ways they achieve this is through deterrence. Deterrence is the punishment imposed on an a given individual with an intended purpose of making the punishment serve as an example to the criminal and also to the public at large. The crimes that are being committed ...

As the population of black immigrants in the United States increased, legal codes were developed to ensure that they did not become threats to the whites in the United States. The following were some of the legal codes that were put in place;

- Blacks were not supposed to assemble in large numbers. - Any black who committed murder, raped or committed crimes such as stealing several times would be punished through being hanged. - The owners of the slaves had the authority to punish slaves. Punishment could even be through killing. - The dress ...

Specific Purpose: To Persuade the audience on the legalization of Capital Punishment.

Attention Step: It is the night of 16 July 1978 in Oklahoma City. Rodger Dale Stafford, his spouse, Verna Stafford and his brother Harold Stafford entered the Sirloin Stockade meat locker and cruelly shot and killed 6 people, 4 of them being under the age of 18 (Banner, 2003). It was barely a month after the trio shot a family of three in North Dakota. Stafford’s wife pretended to be stranded lured the Lorenz Family. Verna Shot Melvin after failing to part with all his money. Linda, Melvin’s wife was shot by Harold and Roger as she ...

The death penalty arrived at after a decision by a judicial process to execute someone as a punishment for breaking the law. In some cases this form of punishment is referred to as capital punishment based on the fact that the crimes which are punished this way are called capital offences. The term capital on its part comes from a Latin word ‘capitalis’ which when directly translated means ‘regarding the head’. This is why the earliest form of capital punishment was mainly beheading or hanging. However there has been criticism regarding this form of punishment based on the philosophy that no ...

The topic on capital punishment, particularly death penalty remains debatable. In fact, different people have different opinions on death penalty and as such it is widely debated. The main question that arises is, “Should people be sentenced to death?” The topic, therefore, has two contrasting sides. Whereas some people view death penalty as inhuman and a violation of human rights, other also have enough reasons to justify death penalty. As such, there is an endless debate on whether or not death penalty is the right thing to do. This paper presents an argumentative essay providing reasons for and against ...

There is a consistency between the need to kill a loved one’s murderer and that of being against capital punishment. Said consistency finds basis in the emotional involvement of the news recipient in the matter at hand. In addition, their ability to think rationally when faced by the circumstances plays a role in the level upon which everyone acts on their emotions. The idea of losing a loved one because of natural causes or an accident is hard for every person to process. However, having a life of one’s loved one taken in the hands of a murderer is even harder, if not ...

A popular saying goes “to err is human” which has been proven true in many instances that human beings are generally fallible. People can be wrong but contrary to many skeptics arguments, their fallibility shows that not only would they be wrong, but can also be right. Being wrong does not only carry the possibility of one being right, but implies that often he/she is. Fallibility is a mark of objectivity as it shows there is no standard other than oneself which determines what is right or wrong. Most people can be wrong in given instances but that does ...

Amnesty International. (2013, Nov 14). Abolish the Death Penalty. Retrieved Nov 3, 2014, from http://www.amnesty.org/en/death-penalty This is an Amnesty International website, which comprises information about the practice of capital punishment across the world. With executions having increased by 15% in the year 2013 compared to the previous year, Amnesty International calls for a worldwide moratorium and subsequent abolition of the practice. This source gives a perspective into the issue, including statistics drawn from across the world as against just the United States. The information is both authoritative (since it is founded on solid research and evidence). The information on this ...

Furman v. Georgia

In the above case, the U.S. Supreme Court found for the first time that the death penalty in this case was unconstitutional. The petitioner William Henry Furman was committing a burglary in a home when his weapon accidentally killed a resident therein. Georgia court convicted Furman for murder and awarded death sentence. Along with this, two other cases Jackson v Georgia and Branch v Texas that awarded death sentence for rape were decided by the Supreme Court on the question whether death sentence in these cases constituted cruel and unusual punishment violating Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments. The U.S. Supreme Court reversed the ...

Introduction to Part II

Welcome to Part II of the Research Assignment for HIST 105. In Part I you used contemporary primary sources (an e-newspaper article) and tertiary sources (encyclopedias) to help select and learn about your chosen contemporary issue. You analyzed these sources, learned how to properly cite such sources, and used them to create initial research questions. In Part II, you will begin to investigate the historical roots of that contemporary issue using secondary sources. More specifically, you'll be locating a monograph, or full-length book. After you've completed Part II, your instructor or your teaching assistant will reassess ...

Abstract

The existence and the application of the capital punishment have been a disputable matter in the developed countries for many years. The legislation of the European Union (EU) banns the death penalty in all member countries except three ones like Belarus where the last death punishment was carried out in 2014. The capital punishment is still applied in the United Stated where the attitude towards it is contradictory. The partisans of both opinions point out moral and constitutional considerations as well as the effects in deterrence, retribution, irrevocable mistakes, cost of death v. life in prison, income level and attorney ...

Child Discipline Annotated Bibliography

Ali, R., Iqbal, S., Shahzad, S., Qadeer, M., & Umar Ali, K. (2011). Use of reinforcement practices in the educational institutions and its impacts on student motivation. International Journal of Academic Research, 3(1), 960-963.

This journal article examines the negative and positive reinforcement practices commonly used in education institutions to motivate students. Many countries have laws against corporal punishment. Therefore, education institutions are compelled to use reinforcement. The results of the study showed that the use of reinforcement is widespread, but it is more prevalent in urban schools than rural schools.

Hecker, T., Hermenau, K., Isele, D., & ...

Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge through different methods. This is what interests many academicians and scholars for centuries. Many scholars would like to know which method would foster learning the fastest and which is the most effective. Thus, learning theories had been developed, improved and constantly evaluated to measure its reliability. This paper would like to distinguish Observational learning from the other learning theories that have often been used interchangeably with the subject of this paper.

Observational Learning

Alfred Bandura, a renowned behaviorist proposed a salient technique of learning that does not require reinforcement or the traditional rudimentary precepts in ...

The criminal justice system have sought to instill peace and order to society. A careful evaluation of methods to deter crime, seek retribution, and impose punishment is through the imposition of the death penalty. Statistics from Amnesty International revealed that some countries still actively implement capital punishment. The countries that continue to execute inmates, in descending order, were disclosed as follows: “China, Iran, Iraq, North Korea, Saudi Arabia, USA and Somalia” (Haddou, 2014, par. 2). There are people, groups, or nations that support capital punishment; while others contest the death penalty for specifically identified reasons. The current discourse ...

We have heard the cliché spare the rod, spoil the child perhaps one too many times. This line often associated with the principle of punishment. Many believe that the punishment is an effective way to rectify bad behavior because it imprints the intensity of the punishment within the mindset of the individual. However, critics of the use of punishment argues that it does not address the core of the problem but rather leave a very superficial implication which can eventually fade over time because of the person has grown immune of the punishment. This paper argues that the punishment is ...

There is a clear distinction between killing and allowing to die. Killing is a process that involves taking actions that will directly lead to the death of an individual. These steps are often taken with knowledge of their consequences. Allowing to die is a term that can be used to describe a number of scenarios. At the request of a patient, the physician can allow the patient to die due to the dyer medical condition of the patient in question. This situation can also involve the physician not taking any actions that will prevent the death of the patient thus in essence the physician ...

Humanities are a wide field of research. Every field of the topic can have ethical issues. This essay is aimed at revealing two fields of humanities tightened together by one ethnic issue. In the paper, I will reveal such topics as death penalty in law and euthanasia in medicine. Both issues are rather discussible and significant to solve. Many scientists argue that neither euthanasia, nor death penalty should be implemented and used in the modern society. On one hand, euthanasia is killing innocent people. On the contrary, death penalty is killing criminals. However, there is a factor that unites both ...

The number of cases involving mental incompetence has been increasing within the U.S. during recent years. According to a 2008 article from USA Today, “Legal analysts attribute the increase to a lack of mental health care, judges’ increased openness to such claims and legal strategies by defendants to avoid harsh punishment” (Johnson & Seaman, 2008).

It would make sense that more criminals would want to use the defense of mental incompetence, simply because of the fact that if they are found to be incompetent to stand trial, they are then sent to a mental health facility to be treated – if ...

Question One: Four Modern Sentencing Options

Sentences are punishments for convicted defendants. The prescription of punishments for crimes is found in both federal and state statutes. There are four traditional sanctions that can be imposed in the modern criminal justice system are; the death penalty, imprisonment, probation, and fines. They are discussed in the ensuing sections.

Death Penalty, this is the most extreme sentence option. In the United States, 38 states have laws that can impose capital punishment. Majority of these states use lethal injection while some use electrocution to end the life of the accused. The death penalty is usually reserved for very serious ...

At the beginning of the 1990s through to the 2000s sexual offences became a trendy topic of discussion within the sphere of legislative discourse and public dialogue. The contention surrounded the crafting of criminal legislation that would reduce recidivism of convicted sex offenders and overly reduce sexual offence cases. The initial innovations resulting from the discourse were twofold. These were the sex offender laws, which made it a statutory requirement that convicted sex offenders regularly provide crucial identification information and contacts to law enforcement authorities, upon conclusion of their incarceration; and sex offender notification laws, the latter being complementary to the ...

Response on Article:

Response on Article: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Social Phobia, and Loneliness in Incarcerated Internet Child Pornography Offenders The article, “Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Social Phobia, and Loneliness in Incarcerated Internet Child Pornography Offenders,” is based on the study conducted by Marshall, O’Brien, Marshall, Booth, and Davis (2012). It's aim was to determine any differences in terms of anxiety between child pornography internet offenders (CPOs) and non-internet-related sexual offenders with child victims (CCMs) through measurement. The stance of their study was that there were two types of child molesters based on their rudimentary traits. Proving the factuality of this ...

Question 11 - New World for the Puritans

What is now called the USA was initially the discovered new world of Columbus. Many people decided to build a new life there and travel hundreds of kilometers from their home in the UK or somewhere else in Europe. Some left in search of religious freedom, some – for seeking a new and better life, other were forced to go there either by someone or by the circumstances of their life. This was a new start for all. A new and better world was to be built. Puritans decided it was their calling to build and purify the existing social standards. Small ...

Abstract

Operant conditioning is a form of learning where behaviors for individuals are modified by their consequences. Different occupations are associated with different behaviors. It is extremely fundamental to understand the difference between various situations and how they may be resolved. Following the uniqueness of various occupations there are solutions that are outlined to solve issues as they arise in different situations. Depending on the problem either Positive or Negative Reinforcement, Positive and Negative Punishment, Shaping, Extinction, Generalization, or Discrimination may be undertaken as a solution.

In most cases, related behaviors will attract similar solutions. Since different problems may be intertwined, they ...

Introduction

This assignment is based on a scenario that involves a police officer named Officer Jones, a victim who approaches the officer seeking his help, and a subject that is pursued by Officer Jones in the belief that the subject may have committed a crime against the victim. The following crimes and civil actions could result from the facts presented in the assignment.

The first crime in the scenario is a false report. An example of a false report statute is Texas Penal Code § 37.08 (False Report to Peace Officer Or Law Enforcement Employee). The offense is committed if “a person, with intent to deceive, knowingly ...

Introduction

This paper examines and discusses issues surrounding the current situation regarding capital punishment in Japan, where execution by hanging is still practiced, despite a number of expressed concerns. Japan is in a minority of the world’s countries still exercising the option of capital punishment. According to Rogers (Apr 2013), “there are nearly five times as many countries not executing prisoners as those that do in 2012.” The issue is not simply whether Japan should continue to use the death penalty, but also includes the way it treats prisoners on “Death Row” – those awaiting execution.

Although it is ...

Question 1

Religion is an overarching theme in the Stranger. The antagonist, Meursault, in this novel is an atheist. He does not believe in the existence of God. He believes that the world is shaped and is as a result of fate. Meursault finds it difficult that there is the existence of a supernatural being that controls the world. The theme of religion is brought about in various sections of the plot in this novel. One of the main sections of the plot where the theme of religion is brought is during the funeral of Meursault mother. Meursault does not show any remorse ...

Immanuel Kant and Confucius

When it comes to what a human wants, will do and shall, there is no right answer. The comparison lies in what is good for whom. The possibilities differ on how a balance can happen. But where to start is valued in the moral code or an individual person.

Immanuel Kant knows a people cannot decide what is good for the individual. In fact, our conjoined morality is merely a “practical rule” (p4). It is practical to satisfy someone else, but to make it a “moral law” (p4) is unkind. Despite “rational agency” (p22), a law forbids and punishes what it ordinary ...

Death penalty in USA is applicable to many state crimes and it stretches from espionage, federal murder, human trafficking, Treason, and large-scale drug trafficking. Military too execute soldiers who involve themselves in intolerable crimes. In USA, the Federal Bureau of Prisons manages execution and housing prisoners.

Should Grady receive the death penalty?

I would not suggest Grady be executed. Though death sentence in any Nation universally taken to punish the culprits and reduce crime rate, it is not just at all punishing them less harshly. Death sentences are to extinct the murderers rather than correction them and be a resource to the community. In a way, the ...

The legal term Mala prohibita is a Latin word that means something is wrong because it is not allowed by law. Most societies use the word to imply on the laws that deal with the morality of the society. These laws manage behaviors that are not considered a crime in other regions. The crimes include drug use, government criticism, indecent exposure, copyright infringement, among others (Mostyn, 2012). Categorization of crimes considered as mala prohibita can help a person to understand a nation’s philosophical belief. Among the crimes considered as mala prohibita, copyright violation, causes more damage to the society, and; thus should ...

Retribution is a theory of criminal punishment that states that society must punish those who have committed a crime. There is no further justification needed for the punishment except that the offender deserves to be punished because of the crime he committed. According to Immanuel Kant, punishment is a condemnation of the wrongdoer because of his wickedness.

What is the history behind the use of retribution?

The use of retribution is part of any civilization which aims to punish those who have done wrong. Its history can be traced as far back during the biblical times through the middle ages . Even in these modern times, retribution still has a place in the ...

The concept of the overall purpose and philosophy of man has been addressed and considered by many philosophers over the course of time; do we act merely for the pursuit of our own happiness, or do we focus on an essential concept of justice and reciprocity? In "Two Concepts of Rules," John Rawls demonstrates his desire to "show the importance of the distinction between justifying a practice and justifying a particular action falling under it," as well as the ease by which the significance of this distinction can be made (Rawls, p. 3). He does this through ...

DOES THE DEATH PENALTY’S DETERRENT VALUE OUTWEIGH ITS NEGATIVE FACTORS, AS THE POSSIBILITY OF ERROR AND THE INCREASED EXPENSE WHEN COMPARED TO LIFE IMPRISONMENT? DO YOU THINK THAT THE DEATH PENALTY HAS BEEN APPLIED IN A RACIALLY DISCRIMINATORY MANNER? SUPPORT YOUR ANSWERS

Socrates was famously executed by the state for corrupting the youth and although he had the opportunity to escape his fate he chose to stay because he felt that he owed his life to his government because in those times the Grecian government basically fed and clothed you, so it stands to reason you might owe a ...

Discussion of Results

All teams have played the same number of games. LA Galaxy is the best team in terms of win because it has the highest Z-score value of 1.988. Z-score for LA Galaxy for losses is the lowest at -1.84, which means that the team is has lost least in all the 34 games it has played. Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient between wins and losses is -0.7, which means that there is a high correlation between the two variables, but in the opposite direction. This makes LA Galaxy to be the best team with respect to wins and losses. ...

Oshinsky claimed that the farm penal system is worse than slavery because , the farm system was derived from the plantation model of imprisonment. An overall philosophy of punishment that rooted from racist assumptions regarding the abilities of the black prisoners in the South (Fisher-Giorlando , 2012, p. 1). The farm system is basically a combination of incarceration and working on a plantation as a slave. This system possesses elements of agricultural work, the population of black workers, neglect of rehabilitation, plantation mentality, isolation, the worthlessness of the prisoners and emphasis on the the economy (Forster, 1995 as quoted from Fisher-Giorlando , 2012). The condition ...

“Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs” has been a beloved children’s fairy tale, as presented by Walt Disney, who stripped it off of its innate, shocking cruelty and ideas which did not appeal to the general public’s idea of what a fairy tale is supposed to sound like. The original story, as captured on paper by the Grimm brothers is one of violence and unnecessary bloodshed, of villains being punished in unimaginably cruel ways, all in order to appease the black and white world of the fairy tale universe.

Most parents believe that children would prefer being told ...

Recently, there has been a paradigm shift, mostly in western countries, from an emphasis on crime prevention, to punishment. According to Fowler (2008), this trend is expected to accelerate steadily, at least in the United States. For instance, with respect to juvenile crime, there has been a frequent call for heightened outlays on crime detection and law enforcement, and for increased penalties for criminal as well as other anti-social behaviour (Meyers, 2010). This paper seeks to review the psychological research evidence on the effectiveness of punishment, and propose alternatives to the current trends.

Hollin (2008) describes punishment as the response-contingent use ...

Bandura is very well known for his observational learning theory and his given theory is considered one of the most significant theories of learning. Albert Bandura has introduced several new ideas in the traditional system of learning to make it effective and more relevant. This paper discusses observational learning theory given by Albert Bandura and several related aspects of the subject matter

Observational learning and models

Albert Bandura suggests that children learn the behavior by observing other people. Bandura introduced the ‘BoBo Doll’ method to prove his argument. In this method, some kids were said to observe adults who were playing with ...

Introduction

Capital punishment has been used by many countries since time immemorial to punish people and bring justice in society. Death penalty as a form of punishment continues to elicit different opinions among many groups of people with the punishment receiving an almost equal measure of support and condemnation. The death penalty has been introduced in several states in the United States and whether this has succeeded in reducing crime is a debatable issue. Capital punishment has not been effective in reducing crime. The death penalty does not deter others from committing murder. The rates of homicides are consistently higher in states ...

Morality has been defined as “The quality of being in accord with standards of right or good conduct.” (thefreedictionary). The morality of capital punishment is a contested issue that frequently polarises people’s views. Nevertheless, in 2011 with the world moving towards global civilisation and human rights, it is arguable that it can never be acceptable to sentence an individual to death.

A chief argument against capital punishment is based around the value of life. Most people think human life to be of value and many abolitionists believe it to be so treasured that even the most ruthless murderers ...

Corporal punishment is the intentional infliction of physical pain given to students for an offence committed. It may take several forms such as hitting, slapping, pinching, kicking, slapping and use of various objects. The main objective of applying corporal punishment is intended to reform behavior. However, it has been viewed as a result of both social and collective problems. For example, corporal punishment in schools is associated with reduced quality of school life among students. On the other hand, spanking is a form of discipline used on children. Also, it takes the form of deliberate striking the bottom of students to ...

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Introduction

Capital Punishment, also known as a Death Penalty, is a legal process by which a person accused of a crime is put to death. The term is derived from the Latin word “capitalis”, meaning beheading. Widely regarded as one of the most controversial topics of the 21st century, this paper focuses on the historical, moral and social aspects of the use of capital punishment. It covers all arguments both in favor of and against this form of punishment.

Historical Significance

Capital Punishment and Death Penalty Law is a centuries old phenomenon. The first death penalty laws were established in Eighth Century B.C for 25 ...

Behavioral Psychology is one of the basic topics in psychology that looks into how people or animals behave the way they behave. Although, behavioral psychology is one of the foundations of psychology, teachers have observed that students find the topic a little difficult to understand. The topic tries to find an explanation why people or animals have their corresponding mental and physical reactions in response to certain stimuli. In behavioral psychology, the idea is that the behavior of people and animals can be both conditioned and results of either rewards or punishments applied to them. Further, it is also believed ...

Conditioning in Psychology refers to the processes by which repeated stimulus produce predictable and frequent response. There are two types of conditioning namely classical and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning was discovered by Ivan Pavlov during his digestive system research (Kalat, 2011). Pavlov noticed that the dogs salivated whenever they sighted attendants dressed in lab coats. He attributed this behavior to the repeated exposure of both food and lab coats to the dogs. Pavlov investigated the behavior by ringing a bell whenever he was presenting food to dog. After repeated occurrences, he observed that the dogs could salivate when the bell ...

Capital punishment uses death penalty as a form of punishment in many states and countries. It is a practice that has raised endless questions all over the world. Capital punishment or death penalty policy has changed in many countries overtime. Countries such as, New Australia, Zealand and 15 states in the US do not have capital punishment. One of the major concerns arising with capital punishment is because it causes ending of a human life. People and organizations of different backgrounds are not pleased with the practice because it undermines humanity. Society being mixed of different people there are different opinions. Some ...

In psychology, there is a learning theory that states that as we learn, we adjust the manner in which we perceive our environment and the manner in which we interpret the incoming stimuli. Consequently, all this alters the way we interact, or behave. It is from this theory that one learns about behaviorism. The latter is the study or our behaviors after exposure to given stimuli within the environment. This helps us in understanding the effects given stimuli have on us. In the learning theory, we have classical and operant conditioning. In classical conditioning, one learns to associate one ...

Introduction

Capital punishment is one of the longest raging debates regarding punishment of criminals in the criminal justice system. Capital punishment, commonly referred to as the death penalty, is a method of retribution against capital crimes by killing the perpetrator (Mandery, 2011). The death penalty has received severe criticism in recent years from civil rights groups, activists and pro-life campaigners. The main aim of this paper is to consider a variety of methods used to execute criminals, their history, their effectiveness and peripheral matters regarding this issue. The death penalty is one of the oldest recognizable forms of punishment for capital ...

Contemporary American society currently faces a number of truly divisive issues regarding personal freedoms and liberties. These debates hold such a sway in society that they often become the deciding factors in political contests of all levels. Consequently, the topics themselves, such as abortion, gay marriage, gun control, and healthcare, are well known to the average person, even if all the facts concerning them are not. However, of these issues, perhaps the most important is the legality of the death penalty as constitutional form of punishment. This extra form of retribution should not be continued in the United States because it ...

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Capital Punishment as Public Policy: Bane or Boon?

In the philosophy of those that advocate for the implementation of capital punishment as a form of public policy in crime deterrence and punitive criminal agenda, the crime should befit the punishment. If a life has been taken, then the life of the one who took that life must be the “payment” for the crime. In the United States, the implementation of capital punishment as a crime deterrence policy is still much in force; of the 50 states in the Union, only 14 have abrogated the use of the death penalty in their criminal laws. However, with the prevailing economic conditions, ...

According to sociological and criminological studies, social problems, namely poverty, race, and punishment are interconnected. Different scholars have developed five core arguments regarding the interconnection of these problems. The first is that criminal victimization and sanctions perpetuate stratification and poverty. The understanding of this argument requires an exploration of the current trends in criminal punishment by poverty status and ethnicity. It also demands an examination of how victimization patterns vary across races and how sanctions affect future chances at life. Criminal sanctions are usually inflicted by a state; however, the determination of the severity of the sanctions needs justification (Pager, ...

Institutions:

A threat is an act where the speaker makes a statement that communicates a serious expression of intent; this enables him to commit a violent, unlawful act to a group of people or just an individual. Due to violence in schools within the teenagers, there are laws that were made in the supreme courts. The court said that threats were not true if delivered in a protected speech. Once such cases are submitted to the court it judges based on the vantage point of both the speaker and the recipient. In student cases, they use the method of the reasonable person among them. If ...

While it is true that Mills recognizes the need to uphold an individual’s rights and privileges, he supports the need to impose capital punishment for capital offenders. His argument is based on the principle of utility, which is aligned with Benthamite’s principle of frugality, and exemplarity. Mills further notes that the punishment should emphasize on its core role; that of deterring crime; hence, it should not be imposed in a severe manner that disregards its intended purpose. In arguing for capital punishment, Mills concurs that murder remains to be of the greatest crimes recognized by the law. For ...

In his speech; in favor of capital punishment, Mill argues in favor of the death penalty for worst murderers on the basis of Benthamite’s principle of exemplarity and frugality. As Mills states, punishment as an intrinsic form of mischief should not be excessively severe than is required to attain its anticipated effect; that of deterring crime. Although Mills recognizes the needs to uphold one’s rights, he explicitly advocates for the preservation of capital punishment in cases of aggravated murder. Mill states that whenever the greatest crime as a recognized law; murder, and when the culprit’ position suggests no ...

Educational Institution Name

PLEA BRAGAINING IN THE COURT SYSTEM 2 Abstract Plea bargaining is used very often in the criminal courts to assist the court system in addressing the problems associated with long trials. In a plea bargain, the prosecutor and the defendant agree to a lesser charge or a reduction of charges in exchange for a guilty plea. Both sides must agree and must be approved by the judge before the plea bargain will be entered. Plea bargains are viewed as beneficial in that they reduce the lengthy time, expense, and uncertainty of going to trial for both the defendant and the prosecutor. ...