Essays on Enforcement

Political Changes in Mexico and Drug-Related Violence

Within a period of six years, closes to 70000 people have died as a result of waves of violence caused by the crackdowns on drug cartels. During the same period, more than half a million people have been displaced, and approximately 20000 individuals have disappeared due to the violence spurred by the illegal drug trade. The political changes that have taken place in Mexico have been consistently blamed for this state of affairs. The war on illegal drugs dubbed la Guerra contra las Drogas initiated by former Mexican President Felipe Calderon in 2006 and later continued by the current ...

1. TOC (traditional organization crime) refers to crimes that are coordinated and organized across national borders. Also, it incorporates individuals who plan to execute illegal activities in various countries. TOC groups include the Russian Mafia, Triads, Yakuza, Fuk Ching, Red Wa, as well as La Cosa Nostra. It is important for the governments to focus on TOC groups. TOC groups are believed to carry out transnational crimes and illegal action. The groups is a threat to national and international security. The governments have to deal with the TOC groups and ensure their global networks are destroyed (Forest, 2007). Also, ...

Chapter III

This chapter will review the background of Real Property Law in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In order to lay the foundation for comparisons in subsequent chapters, the elements of the Saudi judicial system and real property law will be reviewed. The background information pertaining to Saudi Arabia will feature the judicial court system, the property rights and real property ownership. A review of the current mortgage law in Saudi Arabia will be analyzed as well as possible reform to include the application of anti-deficiency laws.

Introduction

Saudi Arabia is governed by a monarchy. Its current legal system under the ...

The environment is one of the crucial components that enhances sustainable development. It is worth noting that environmental crimes are viewed to be less important compared to traditional crimes. Law enforcement agencies tend to ignore environmental crimes in society. Environmental crimes are threats to food security, economic development, health, and sustainability. Environmental crimes include unregulated fishing, illicit trade of hazardous waste, smuggling of ODS (ozone-depleting substances), illegal logging, wild animal traffic, electronic waste management, as wee as dumping in rivers. Analytically, environmental crimes are sensitive and dangerous to the living things. Militant groups and criminal gangs profit from some ...

What does the court mean when it says "Stare decisis is not an inexorable command; rather it is a principle of policy and not a mechanical formula of adherence to the latest decision"? Stare decisis is a Latin word that means to stand by what has already been decided. Therefore, in criminal law it is defined as the adherence of the current court system with the principles that has already been established by previous court decisions or rulings. In other words, it can be stated to be a principle of policy. Hence, it promotes reliance on the judicial ...

Cyber Defense

Background In the recent past, there has been an increasing reliance on technology to undertake numerous aspects of social, political, and economic lives in many countries across the globe. While the reliance on technology has had a positive impact on many aspects of our lives, that reliance also inherently attracts threats such as cyberterrorism. Consequently, cyber defense becomes a crucial element for nations. Cyber defense refers to the deliberate steps taken by governments to protect information that they hold to be sensitive. Cyber threats are not just a danger to the individual countries such as the U.S. that have ...

1 A I agree with Joh (2004)’s idea that there is a new silver platter doctrine in the making. Here, private cops now have the ability to present the “silver platter to local, state, and federal public policing agencies. Now, this doctrine focuses on the fact that private officials can turn over evidence to their federal counterparts without much regard to suppression even if the former obtained this information through illegal search processes. In essence, the doctrine does not allow public police agencies to conduct unreasonable search and seizure activities. Thus, all pieces of evidence obtained using this ...

Question 1

1.1 In her taxonomy, Joh (2005) describes private policing as law enforcement activities offered through agencies owned and controlled by private individuals. That said, unlike their public counterparts, private police officers concentrate on property loss, preventive techniques, private justice, and safeguarding personal interests. As such, these entities mainly operate as parallel entities, each focusing on their individual duties in law enforcement. This taxonomy is both useful and an excellent beginning in the categorization of various forms of private policing as explained below. On the one hand, some of the existing classifications include publicly contracted, protective, intelligence, and corporate security ...

A Review of Literature

INTRODUCTION The United States has currently been struggling with a great deal of political warfare, social unrest and public protest from the inside and from terrorism, global criticism and immigration battles from the outside. There are so many issues that the subjects of debate seem endless. One of the most controversial and often debated issues today is gun control. There is no doubt that it is incredibly dangerous when offenders are armed when they commit crimes like burglary or in a car-jacking; more so when these offenders have every premeditated intent to kill. At the same time, not everyone ...

The significance of environmental enforcement, whether civil or criminal, cannot be overemphasized. For, as the statement by the experienced environmental enforcement official shows, without such enforcement, most animal and plant species would become non-existent due to extinction. The enforcement of environmental laws as done by such agencies as the Environmental Protection Agency is important in not only protecting the environment from wanton destruction or pollution but also helps in conserving and preserving the environment. The criminal and civil enforcement of environmental laws, policies, and regulations also preserve flora and fauna species by ensuring strict compliance by governments, individuals, and ...

Introduction

The financial crisis of 2007/9 was the worst in the U.S. since the Great Depression of the 1930s. It was the cause of the failure of some of the biggest financial institutions including Washington Mutual which was closed in 2008, and its assets transferred to JP Morgan. In 2008, the crisis reached its peak with loans dropping dramatically to the lowest levels to be witnessed in a half a century. For example, new loans to large borrowers fell by 47 percent in the fourth quarter of 2008 as compared to the previous quarter and by 79 percent relative to ...

Pro-Care Clinic is a general outpatient clinic facility that caters for basic health needs and mostly deals with outpatient issues (The Green Book). However, once in a while, the facility is required to handle serious issues that may require minor surgeries, child deliveries, or serious accidents. In such cases, the clinic admits the patients in its ward that accommodates 5 patients. Most of these cases are managed first before referring the patients to other equipped hospitals. The clinic has been known to handle these cases since there are no close hospitals in the neighborhood. The clinic has an administrator, ...

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Issues Regarding the US Constitution’s Fifth Amendment

This law protects the person from incriminating himself to a crime, from possible improper methods to be used by law enforcement either through deceit, coercion or threats (Snitker). By encouraging silence in the face of the need for legal defense, this law wisely leads the accused to seek legal assistance.

Protection to the Criminal Defendant

Self-preservation is a natural right of any person and he may abuse this right by unknowingly withholding cooperation in judicial processes against crime. Excessive protection can be treated with reasonable approaches by law enforcement so that the Fifth will not overly and inappropriately protect defendants.

Custodial Interrogation

The ...

Introduction

A comparison of engineering licensure and regulation in the United States and Canada reveal critical differences between the two countries. Nonetheless, the licensure and regulation between the two countries converge at the point where government intervention in the profession offer some level of autonomy for engineers in their duty to promote public welfare and consumer protection. It has to be noted that privileges given to engineers in Canada present tremendous responsibility to the players. Besides, state regulation and licensure in the United States gives the state the watchdog powers to oversee the operations of individual engineers and corporate entities ...

Search and seizure legal procedures draw much controversy because most people have a high level of expectations regarding privacy. This high level of expectations can be traced back to England’s ‘castle doctrine’ wherein the law recognizes the right of a person to defend one’s home or property from unlawful entry (U.S. Government Publishing Office, 1992, p. 1199). Such expectations regarding privacy, however, is not absolute. In fact, the law provides that intrusion on private property can be made lawful under certain circumstances prescribed by the law. There are several provisions under the United States constitution that can ...

Incident Background

It has come to the attention of the facility’s security management team that there is a plan to steal a portion of the facility’s nuclear waste and release it into the community. We believed that the threat is credible. Naturally, if such a release of nuclear waste were to occur, the potential loss of life and damage to the environment would be substantial. Accordingly, we have developed this incident action plan in order to effectively deal with the risk by either stopping it from ever happening or mitigating its effect and quickly resolving and problems in the ...

Women in the law enforcement and military have some shared experiences that civilian women do not usually have. The police and military work gives these women more experience in term of skills and expertise or knowledge than their civilian counterparts in important ways. Experiential learning by David Kolb may be important in understanding the differences in the experiences of army or law enforcement and civilian women. This type of learning facilitates education involving direct participation in real life events and settings. It also involves the formation of abstract concepts, reflection and observation, and concrete experience besides concrete experience, reflection ...

ETHICAL VIOLATIONS BY ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS

The Law and Order SUV episode Parole Violations is a trip on the dark side of law enforcement. The story is a look at how people in power within the enforcement system, in particular, Parole Officers, can and do use their power to manipulate and control parolees, who are entrusted by the system to their care and direction. Parolees are often struggling to find their way while fighting the stigma of being a convicted criminal. This episode examines some concepts that go against the norm, such as whether to believe the word of a convicted criminal over that of ...

Abstract

Organizational designs refer to the way the management achieve the best combination of integration and differentiation on operations. Police are one of the law enforcement agencies that operate under various organizational designs. The Boston Police Department is divided into 11 neighborhoods districts and three zones. The organizational design model in the chapter is the line and staff structure. Boston Massachusetts Police Department uses the line and structure model. Line and staff structure enable line staff to gain knowledge and skills from the staff managers. The Boston Police Department has adopted a working design. The BPD should clearly indicate the ...

There are several laws that aimed at protecting human health and environment. The government and private parties are allowed to enforce the federal environmental laws. The government has the resources and tools required to enforce environmental laws and compels compliance with the environmental regulations and laws. Criminal and civil environmental enforcement are streamlined towards protection of environment and health. The criminal environmental enforcement seeks to punish the actions that the society view as harmful to the environment and health of people. The civil, environmental enforcement is streamlined towards individual parties who should be compensated for the harm caused by ...

BODY CAMERAS TO BENEFIT POLICE AND CITIZENS

There is a sustained perception by minority groups such as African-Americans that the law enforcement officers treat discriminately. This has increased incidences of police involvement against the demographics. However, the introduction and use of body cameras come as a panacea towards bringing to an end the unprecedented cases of police brutality and use of excessive force. In addition, civil suits concerning police brutality launched by African Americans are expected to reduce the involvement of body cameras. According to the H.Res.16, the wearing of body cameras by local law enforcement agencies while serving the communities encourages transparency and protects both ...

Howard’s text has significantly explored the definition and depiction of cyber-crime. It has swiftly combined theoretical work, substantial research, and first-hand experience in driving the point home. The analysis wades through the growth and development of organized crime using objective mechanisms. The text is reader-friendly and successfully guides students in grasping the various dimensions of organized crime. However, with the advent of technology leading to the growth of organized cyber-criminal groups, there is room for refining the description provided by this enumerative text (Abadinsky, 2012). After a critical evaluation of the text’s definition, this paper discusses the ...

Business Challenges

Business Challenges

- The Code of Conduct is used for ensuring that the assets and resources of the newly merged company are only used for business purposes. The code will also ensure that company assets and resources are not used for personal use by company and business leaders (Gilman, 2005). - There will be scenarios where the merged company will face conflicting business situations. The Code of Conduct will help the management to ensure they avoid conflicts of interests while pursuing their clients and business partners (Gilman, 2005). - The merged company will face a challenge in terms of ...

Part 1: Active Shooters

There has been an increase in the number of shootings in hospitals as well as other institutions around the country (Hospital Employee Health, 2013). The increase in these cases has made institutions to start preparing their employees on how to react if such a shooting occurred in their organization. There are similarities in some of the hospital shooting cases. In St. Vincent’s Hospital, the shooting was unpredictable and could not be prevented. This was similar to the case of the Western Psychiatric Institute shooting in Pittsburgh (Thomas, 2012). The Joint Commission agrees that there has been an increase ...

Attention: Prospective Investors

Problem: Drone navigation systems play a vital role in military, environmental, urban growth, and crime prevention. With VectorCal as the only major company in the field producing a viable, quality navigational product, new innovative development and product pricing are only to be hampered by the lack of market compatibility. This lack of corporate competition permits a one-sided view of how to design, produce, market and promote drone navigation systems. Our Solution: Our proposal is to develop a leaner, faster version of drone navigation systems and to forsee the “missing” innovation that is not present in the marketplace. Our product ...

Executive summary

This product is centered on virtual reality technology. As a matter of fact, this product is designed for law enforcement officers. By simulating the dangerous conditions and circumstances that police officers have to work under on a periodical basis, the software will help law enforcement officers, make better decisions in a short period. Some of the decisions that it will help a law enforcement officer make are when to discharge a weapon when to engage a suspect and how to ascertain whether a situation has a potential of being volatile. What is more is that this software not only ...

As Birzer and Robertson (2012) state, unlike motorcycle gangs, “the Mafia has an organizational and chain of command capable of supporting global-scale operations” (p. 318). It means that the organizational structure of the Mafia is more complicated and somewhat formal while that of motorcycle gangs is more informal. Furthermore, regarding the business organization, the members of the motorcycle gangs do get involved in the sale of individual dosage of drugs while the Mafia deals in wholesale drug sales (Birzer & Robertson, 2012). The difference in the organizational structures of motorcycle gangs and Mafia might affect the production and distribution of ...

Introduction

Every US citizen has a right not to have their privacy unreasonably intruded into according to the Fourth Amendment to the US Constitution. Moreover, under this Amendment, search warrants shall not be issued to law enforcement officers unless there is probable cause that particularly describes the specific place that the police needs to search or the things subject to seizure. In the state of Florida, for example, the requirements of a search warrant are provided under Chapter 933 and include the existence of probable cause, search for only the property specified in the warrant, supported by an affirmation or ...

Introduction

Over the last two decades, the Internet has become an important aspect of global communication, and with the continued to advance advancement of IT during this period; the internet has become an important communication tool. Moreover, the fast growth of the internet has been buoyed by the increasing recognition of freedom of speech across the world. However, it is the potential impacts of the unregulated internet that have necessitated calls to regulate the Internet under public international law. Currently, there is no clear legal framework under international law that governs the regulation of the internet. At the local or ...

Entrapment occurs when a government agent or someone in authority such as law enforcement and undercover police improperly coerces, influences, manipulates or induces an individual to commit a crime which they would have otherwise committed had the opportunity to do not been availed to them (Colvin, 2002, p. 226). Hence, from this definition, the “buy and bust” or “sell and bust” undercover operations may be considered as entrapment since they entail the inducement of a person to commit an offense, such as dealing in or purchasing of illegal drugs. Furthermore, as Hay (2005) observes, sting or undercover operations by ...

The NCWP report indicates that research undertaken both internationally and in the United States clearly indicate that women officers depend on a policing style that utilizes less force and is better at defusing as well as de-selecting potentially violent confrontation with citizens. I agree with these advantages, and the others highlighted in the report because both women and men are similarly efficient at law enforcement, yet female officers often tend to conduct their work with increased emphasis on communication, less dependence on physical force as well as substantially less possibility of being engaged in excess force issues. In addition ...

What are some of the ideal structures that are currently in use today? Conduct a web search on four types of departments. Choose one department that is very large (more than 1000 sworn police officers); choose one that is considered large sized (more than 150 but less than 1000); choose a medium sized department (between 50 to 149 sworn officers) and finally a small department (less than 50 sworn officers). Go to each department’s website and find their Year-end Report. If one doesn’t exist for the department you choose, try to find another agency in the same ...

After the carnage of 9/11, the international community turned its local and joint efforts to the struggle against terrorism and prevention of terroristic activities. Antiterrorism initiatives have been run by various international organizations, particularly by the United Nations Counter-Terrorism Committee, and by the United States government, which applies its resources to combat terroristic activities on a domestic scale and in countries overwhelmed by terroristic groups. As Chalk notes, “the coordinated terrorist strikes of 9/11 galvanized a [] response by the United States government to increase the country’s physical and financial security in the face of potential future attacks” (Chalk, ...

Abstract

Emergency Planning as a Profession In this paper, I will bring forward arguments that emergency planning and emergency management are progressively being recognized as a profession in most parts of the world. Emergencies are usually linked to natural disasters or events caused by humans. In these cases, a need arises to mobilize the population for humanitarian action or self-defense against natural disasters like floods, earthquakes, fires, or human conflict, such as military attack or terrorist threat. The importance of emergency planning is also reflected in the International Humanitarian Law, for instance, in the Geneva Conventions on Protecting the Vulnerable ...

Why aren't detectives more successful at solving crimes? Given their relative lack of success, how do you account for the "detective mystique"? In this essay, share some solutions to make solving crimes more effective. One of the major reasons why some detectives have difficulties in solving crime is because they lack the necessary skill, particularly the intellectual capacity to perform their job. One of the major challenges of law enforcement agents in solving crimes is the cleverness and cunning of criminals. Although there are many theories and procedures that aims to aid detectives in solving crimes, the successful ...

The Responsibilities of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

FAA is an independent national authority based in the United States that controls all civil aviation. Among its responsibilities include, controlling the commercial state transportation in America. It has the mandate of providing licenses to facilitate the launch of the commercial space facilities (James, 2013). FAA equally regulates the private launching of the space payloads. The agency is also responsible for the development of air traffic control and navigation and ensuring their operation to accommodate both the military and civil aircraft (James, 2013). FAA runs flight service stations, airport towers, and air route control centers and thus are capable ...

Similar to other cities in the country, Atlanta experienced a surge in gun violence beginning in the mid-1980s running to the 1990s. During this time there was a sharp rise in gun related violence across the nation with 50% increase in gun homicide recorded among juveniles and young adults. Firearm violence against the youth below 18 years was also on the increase with young African Americans affected the most. For example in Fulton County homicide against young black men increased four times over. These statistics and others reiterated the fact that conventional approaches of rapid response were not effectively ...

ABSTRACT

One of the interesting unique aspects of the American legal system is that it really is two systems, namely one at the federal level and one at the state level. Generally, the two systems have little interaction. That is to say, the federal legal system focuses on issues involving the federal government, foreign affairs, and relations between the states. Conversely, the state legal system focuses on matters state specific matters such as education and healthcare. Two areas, however, where the state and federal legal system often interact and occasional collide is immigration and crime. The 2012 Supreme Court case, ...

Atlanta, GA

Atlanta, GA Police officers in any state are expected to uphold the law in any capacity and as such are held to a strict code of conduct that demands ethical behavior at all times. While it is impossible to ask the men and women that serve in this capacity to not act like human beings, they are still kept to higher standard in accordance with their chosen profession. A police officer or other agent of the law is by necessity expected to exist as an example to the citizens they serve and protect, and must at all times strive ...

Assess

The mission of the Joint Task Force North (JTFN) is to streamline and implement an effective Command and Control structure and policy for military support to counter-drug efforts and fight transnational organized crime (TCO). The vision of JTFN shall be to meet the objectives set by the Northern Command Commander and add value to Drug Law Enforcement Agencies (DLEAs) in addressing the illegal activities of TCOs. The mission and vision of JTFN cannot be achieved without the support of appropriate key internal and external stakeholders. The internal stakeholders include JTFN’s staff in El Paso and its headquarters, law ...

Introduction

A country’s economic and security prosperity highly relies on the aviation system that is operating efficiently. The existence of weak security poses a threat to aircraft safety and those that are boarding it. The hostile nation-states, criminals and terrorists have been viewing the aviation sector as a target for exploitation and attack. Successful airport attacks inflict grave economic damage, mass casualties and negatively affect the airline transportation system. The air transport sector should adopt appropriate ways of managing different incidents and threats. Intelligence and Threat Assessment play a significant role in mitigating numerous risks in the aviation industry. ...

Introduction

The New York police department exists to ensure that the constitutional rights of all residents in New York are guaranteed by preserving a safe environment that reduces fear, ensures that laws are protected and that peace is observed in the city (Stanislas 22). Regardless of their ranking, all officers are obligated to protect life and property. The New York police department conducts patrols, collects evidence, testifies in court, arrests suspects, enforces laws, completes paperwork, issues citations, and collects evidence (Crank and John 21). The objective of this paper is to detail the process that is followed to become a ...

Police officers are responsible for keeping peace in the country. They apprehend and pursue individual who breaks the law, solve issues of the community, enforce traffic law, arrest suspected criminal, investigate crimes and respond to emergencies. They are usually assigned to patrol particular areas to be familiar when inspecting suspicious circumstances. Training is significant before one becomes a police officer as it will expose him or her to a new situation to handle challenging tasks during the career life. I think the best education level of the police should be college degree level. The college degree level is ideal ...

Introduction

Ethics, in any organization are very important because it provides workers with guidelines on how they should behave in the workplace and with one another. Thereby, building trust amongst the workers, which will cause them to work efficiently and generate profits. However, when it comes to the law enforcements the issue becomes dire because it involves the safety and security of people in the community. Therefore, it is very important for the law enforcement in the country to have ethics. This is because the good conduct from the law enforcement officers brings about interaction with the community, thereby, enhancing ...

The law enforcement police have been on the spot in the recent past for misuse of their discretion in policing. Police discretion is the decision-making power that the law gives police officers to decide the best course of action or procedure to take in particular circumstances or situations, most of which involve contact with members of the public, such as in the enforcement of traffic rules. The police usually use discretion to make a decision as to whether to perform a search, draw a weapon, issue a traffic ticket stop and assist someone, and shoot a gun. Some of ...

The exclusionary rule holds that, when the police violate a suspect’s constitutional rights, that suspect has the option of requesting a court to “exclude” or declare inadmissible any evidence that was obtained as a result of the constitutional violation. The exclusionary rule is not a constitutional right but rather a judicial tool established by the Supreme Court in 1914, as a means of deterring police officers and law enforcement officials from violating the Constitution when arresting suspects and conducting criminal investigation (Weeks v. United States, 1914). Up until 1961, the exclusionary rule was only available to defendants in ...

Introduction

Law enforcement has turned out to be extremely challenging in the contemporary changing social and cultural climate. It has continued to experience a range of challenges that are generated by the existing environment. The law enforcement practices, as well as policies, have received a lot of public scrutiny. Terrorism, large-scale population movements, globalization, and entrenched social problems have made the enforcement of the law, especially by the police, more challenging. The contemporary policing is primarily marked by the uncertainty and broadening of crime deterrence problems. Among the law enforcement officers, the police have been scrutinized heavily by the public. ...

Identify the tasks the lieutenant must tackle in terms of police information systems and analysis of police information

Information flow is one of the most important factors in shaping the function of the police. The police administrator or lieutenant is dependent upon the flow of data in order to base his decisions regarding future police directions. He requires two basic kinds of information in his decision-making task. These include; operational data which measures the effectiveness of regular operating procedures and meeting demands imposed by unusual occurrences, and management data, which include budgeting, fiscal and workforce allocations (Cordner, 2016, p.335). Some information that is useful to the lieutenant that is useful for decision-making includes, the existence of an ...

Local nursing boards are quite crucial when it comes to handling changes across the community. Instead of ignoring the changes that arise when these boards take charge of the nursing provision, it is important to understand their role in legal and ethical issues, an aspect that can be explored through an examination of the New York Nursing Board. It provides different services to its members, an aspect that creates an important understanding of the changes that arise in such cases (NSBCN, 2016). Examples include webinars, videos, brochures, newsletters, online courses, toolkits, and publications. The services offered are based on ...

Introduction

The United States has over the years continued to establish different laws to help in the fight against drugs. According to Sacco (2014), in 2012 alone, state and local law enforcement agencies apprehended over 1.3 million suspects for drugs related offenses. Although the government has adopted different measures to help in curbing the manufacture, distribution, and access of illegal substances, the number of illicit drugs under the possession of the public has continued to increase over time. This essay examines three harmful drugs considered legal in the late 19th century, including how they were used and later illegalized. What ...

Overview

Discrimination has a lasting effect on employees who are on its receiving end. One who experiences discrimination at their workplace develops feelings of being vulnerable and in many cases loses interest in their work and career development. Such employees end up suing their organisations to fight for their rights. This causes a lot of unwarranted expenses to the organisation when it actually can be avoided. Discrimination at workplaces is often brought about by differences in race, sexuality, religion, age, sex and national origin. Other minor forms of discrimination include employee's limitation regarding their physical ability or educational level. Such ...

Introduction

Police power is considered as the government’s duty to develop and implement policies and legislations that are intended to benefit the public. Further, these laws are implemented, generally by law enforcers who makes it their responsibility to ensure that these laws are obeyed. Some of the duties of the police officers include the preservation of peace and order, detection and prevention of crime, and ensuring the fair and efficient administration of the law (U.S., 2003). As a means to give them the authority to uphold and administer these policies, there are laws which are developed to provide the ...

Motivational theories can significantly enhance the criminal justice structure and profession. The application of these five motivational theories can optimize the delivery of services among the criminal justice professionals while advocating for employee productivity, effectiveness and efficiency in the field of law enforcement and criminal justice system: The Need Theory of Abraham Maslow provides that there is certain hierarchy of needs; from lowest to highest, that need to be satisfied to keep an individual motivated. The lowest hierarchy of needs according to Maslow include the physiological and safety and security while the highest order of needs are belongingness, self ...

The Synopsis of the Story

As the world was ushering in the New Year, Chicago was met with a disturbing video that went viral. The terrifying video involved four black men bullying a white man. The four recorded their indecent acts as they kidnapped, gagged and humiliated the victim, who is disabled. The 18-year old victim is a subject of schizophrenia, a mental illness, and attention deficit disorder. Regardless of his state, the group appeared to derive pleasure in mistreating the young man as they laughed along. Even worse, they issued death threats without any sign of compassion or remorse. In fact, one of ...

There are many sorts of crimes that are plagues on societies around the world. However, some are more prominent than others. Indeed, there is rape, murder and drugs. The latter, along with two crime types that often accompany drug use or dealing on more than one level, shall be the focus of this brief report. Specifically, there will be a review of peer-reviewed journal articles that pertain to illegal drug use, prostitution and money laundering. The first two often feed to the other in that the money garnered from the illegal activities has to be “cleaned” so as to ...

IMPACT OF THE INVENTION OF GPS

Introduction Technologies mean a lot for a modern person. Since the technological revolution, they have been integrating into our daily activities by means of smartphones, personal computers, music players and other gadgets which people use every day. The Global Positioning System is one of the handy technologies which help people not to get lost in a big city or a forest. With a help of GPS, one may freely find the way out of a situation when someone is lost and so forth. However, just like any technology that is integrated into our life, GPS has its advantages and ...

Benefits and drawbacks of VAT

As a taxing system, VAT has been used globally since the 1950’s and it presents unique benefits and drawbacks in itself. First, VAT is beneficial in generating income for governments which is important to cover government expenses as Stiglitz and Rosengard, (2015) observe. Since VAT is vast and is imposed to most produced goods and services, most governments regard it as money production engine. Through this taxation system also, tax evasion is minimized. Consequentially, a reliable income source is achieved by governments. Through value added tax system, it is also possible to enter into regional protocols (Pomeranz, 2015). ...

Introduction

For the last two decades the popularity of the international investment arbitration and legislation has been dramatically increased. The volume of cases considered by virtue of the interpretation of the provisions of the bilateral investment treaties signed between the parties of the commercial relations has been increased. In addition, this trend reflects the preference of the business units and states in signing agreements with the umbrella clauses due to their simplicity and efficiency in determination of the disputes between the parties. The availability of several mechanisms that can be used for the determination of the interests of the parties ...

Introduction

The English contract law consists of a body of rules that control contacts in England, with its foundation based on the intense activities of the judiciary that took place in the industrial revolution. It is critical to mention that the law shares some of its core elements with the commonwealth countries such as Australia and Canada. However, the law had for long been undergoing influences of the European Union during the period that the UK has been a member until this year when it withdrew the membership of the European body. The English law perceives people who enter into ...

In line with the fight against the controversial mandate for the inclusion of birth control in insurance plans, the Wheaton College administrators halted the provision of health insurance for its students. In the same way, Hobby Lobby which is an art and craft organization dropped its health care coverage for its employees. Its owners argued that the mandate violates the company’s right to exercise the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) as well as the First Amendment to the US Constitution (Blackman, 93). As a result, the court favored Hobby Lobby based on the precept that “a family-owned corporation ...