Essays on Homeland

Abstract

The following research work is dedicated to Homeland Security strategies in the U.S. Special attention is paid to researching into the origin of Homeland Security concept, its definition and legal framework, which ensures activities of all the governmental authorities’ related to implementing different aspects of Homeland Security. The paper also considers major points, which deal with economic, legal and social implications of Homeland Security.
According to Jane Bullock, Gorge D.Haddow, D.Coppola, E.Ergin, L.Westerman and Sarp Yeletaysi (2006), “since the events of September, 11 and the subsequent anthrax attacks carried out through the U.S. mail system, governments, organizations, and individuals ...

Homeland security

Terrorism is becoming more complicated than before with the use of mass destruction weapons. Ten years after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, policy makers continue to define the homeland security. Prior to 11.09, the United States addressed crises through the separate, law enforcement, prisms of national defence and emergency management.
This demands a new strategy for the security enforcers in order to prevent from the threats. Preemption is a measure that ensures terrorists do not plan and attack different places as they chose. Defensive deterrence is no longer an option to prevent attacks, but offensive preemption is needed to counter ...

Abstract

A series of four terrorist suicide attacks on September 11, 2001 used the highjacking for airplanes to crash into the Twin towers in New York City, the Pentagon in Arlington, and an attempt to impact in Washington, DC. The 9/11 Commission was created on November 27, 2002 at the request of President George W. Bush in direct response to the attack. The 9/11 Commission presented its report on July 22, 2004; it is officially called “the Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. The United States Department of Homeland Security was created in ...

This chapter presents a detailed review of various literature materials from independent sources that provide information about the effort by the department of homeland security to deter domestic terrorism. As earlier mentioned in the first chapter domestic violence entails carrying out criminal activities within the homeland while getting inspiration from extremist movements and ideologies based within the US. Such activities have lead to the killing of innocent American citizens and destruction of property around the country. In most cases, prosecution of these criminal activities is not done under terrorism laws despite their nature of being considered terrorist activities. Even though not officially listed, there are domestic terrorist organizations that have been delineated by the department of homeland security for carryout terrorist threats. ...

World Affairs

Introduction
The lexicon on international peace and security has changed after the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Homeland security has become an important paradigm for the United States. While USA has altered its security structures and created homeland security as an independent vertical, Europe has retained homeland security as part of the broader security structure. The difference between the American and European approaches arises primarily from the European viewpoint that terrorism is a part of a continuum and not a new development (McLean, Wallace, Soppitt, Parrish, Silander & Irving, 2011).
Over time, homeland security has grown to encompass all calamities. Apart from ...

Budget Overview

In fiscal year 2012, the budget of the Department of Homeland Security is according to the following data. The Department is allocated fifty-seven billion dollars in total funding, about forty-seven billion dollars in gross discretionary funding, and about forty-three billion in net discretionary funding (Department of Homeland Security, 2012). The gross discretionary funding is appropriated through requisite bills, while the net reflects spending that is adjusted in real time.
The Interagency Security Committee was allocated five million dollars. The Federal Acquisition Workforce Initiative was allocated eight hundred thousand dollars. The US-CERT Operations was allocated eight hundred million nine hundred ...

Introduction3

Thesis statement4
The Patriot Act..4

The Homeland Security Act6

Patriot act, Homeland act and Privacy..9
Conclusions and recommendations..10

Works cited .12

Introduction
Homeland security is a basic right that should be provided by the government to its citizens. This has led to enactment of several clauses in the constitution all aiming at enhancing security of each and every person. Also, from the bills of rights provided to the citizens by the constitution, every citizen is entitled to basic and proper security as a right. This is what has led to enactment of constitutional rights on homeland security.
After September 11 attack on the US by terrorists, ...

The department of homeland security is a cabinet department created in the year 2002 after the terrorist attack on 11/11/2001, with the main function of safeguarding the united state of America from any future attacks, manmade accidents and natural catastrophes (Homeland ,N.p). It is different from the department of defense as it aims to protect civilians in and outside the American territory while the department of defense deals with military actions abroad (Homeland N.p).
The reasons for the formation of homeland security was to prevent terrorist attack in united state of America territory, reduces American vulnerability to terrorism, and ...

Political Science

An in Depth view of the Department of Homeland Security
History of the Department of Homeland Security
The Department of Homeland Security was brought about by the tragedy of the September 21 terrorist attack of the Al-Qaeda group. It was during this time the two airplanes purposely targeted to cause destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington D.C. This event was regarded as the worst act of terrorism in America after the loss of 3,000 innocent lives. It was during this difficult time that the world grieved for America and together ...

Understanding the Threats, Vulnerability and Consequences

HOMELAND SECURITY ORGANIZATION
Strategic National Risk Assessment
The United States Homeland security system is a complex environment with opposing necessities, which must be impartial to incentives and effectively administered by safety, security, and threatened by a selection of resilience nation.

POTENTIAL DISASTERS AND BUSINESS DISRUPTION

This information asserts the national departments and agency policies to acknowledge the States current infrastructure and main assets for key protection from unwanted attacks.
Enemy are just in standby too seek an exploitation for critical actions and threaten the states to damage the morale and the complex society on major sector and local and even private governments, Critical infrastructure ...

Description

Homeland security is an extremely fundamental element of security in the United States. It represents a sense of safety in the country through use of exclusive safety strategies. The body remains critical in its fight against terrorism in the country, as well as the rest of the world. However, the exclusive effectiveness of the security can only relate to the application of extensively influential elements, which are the trends in homeland security. Among the most significant or influential trends is power diffusion, and technology.
Power diffusion is an art of extending certain power traits to the best section of ...

Being the world’s biggest economy, the United States security environment is very complex and is full of many competing interests, incentives and requirements that must be effectively require effective management and balancing to ensure the continued achievement of national goals and objectives. The security, safety and resilience of the United States is under constant threat from a wide array of hazards that include terrorism, cybercrime, pandemics, natural disasters transnational crime and manmade accidents. The United States Department of Homeland Security plays a vital role in the management of such varied and complex risks that face the nation on ...

Management

Goss (2005), in Building a Contingency Menu: Using Capabilities-Based Planning for Homeland Defense and Homeland Security, says that Homeland Defense and Security planners need to develop a contingency plan to neutralize potential terrorist threats. Because of their shrewd and adaptive strategies, the Department of Homeland Defense and Security agency has come up with the concepts of ‘lines of operation’ ‘capabilities’ as the dynamics to define and explain potential and likely interactions. Moving from the more rational idea of, ‘who is the threat?’ to ‘what could the threat do?’ has given Homeland Defense and Security planners a broader spectrum of ...

Question One: Homeland Security

Homeland security in essence refers to the protection of the United States of America against terrorist attacks. However, the department’s work is not limited to terrorism activities only. In that context, homeland security may be defined as the national concerted effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the US, reduce the vulnerability of the US to terrorism and minimize the damage from the attacks upon occurrence. From the definition, it can be gathered that Homeland Security is especially designed for the prevention of terrorist attacks and or mitigation of the effects of the attacks upon occurrence. It can be ...

Homeland security has become a large concern of many US citizens ever since the tragic 9/11 act of terrorism. Given the endless possibilities of threats to the US soil, the concept of homeland security aims to secure the homeland and its borders against terrorism acts and disasters that might happen in the future. Eleven days after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, Governor Tom Ridge of Pennsylvania was sworn as the first director of the then called “Office of Homeland Security”. This office organized the formulation of national strategy that can help in safeguarding the country against future acts of terrorism. ...

Abstract

The project deals with the relationship between Homeland Security, transportation, and logistics management. The nature of the interconnection between the Department of Homeland Security, public transportation, and logistics is the focal point of the research. Measures elaborated by the state department for the protection of transport, passengers and hazardous goods delivery are scrutinized based on the data retrieved from governmental reports, programs and articles.
Keywords: homeland security, transportation, logistics management, terrorist, attack
The USA is a reputed peacemaker that stands up for peace and equality throughout the world. Valiant though these efforts are, they come up against a serious ...

Libyan Islamic Fighting Group

Terrorist Profile: Libyan Islamic Fighting Group

Aliases: Listed in Terdman (2005)’s analysis of the group, the group is also known in the following names: the Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyyah al-

Muqatilah bi-libya, the Libyan Fighting Group, the Libyan Islamic Group or the Fighting Islamic Group. It is collectively known as the LIFG in the international community.

Founded: There is no particular date noted on when the group was founded but it is estimated to be somewhere around 1992-1995.
Areas of Operation: Most of the group’s bases are found in Northeastern Libya and in the lesser ruled Eastern borders, ...

1. Federal, State and Local Agencies

Federal: United States Secret Service (USSS)

The United States Secret Service (USSS) is an integral component of the Department of Homeland Security responsible for handling of financial crimes and the protection of national leaders and their families. Currently, the USSS has an estimated 6,700 employees and 4,400 sworn members dealing with problems on fraud concerning the financial institutions and transactions of the US. Yet, the death of President William McKinley by assassination in 1901 led to the expansion of the role of the USSS to include the provision of safeguarding mechanisms for national leaders and all those ...

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1. Federal, State and Local Agencies

Federal: United States Secret Service (USSS)

The United States Secret Service (USSS) is an integral component of the Department of Homeland Security responsible for handling of financial crimes and the protection of national leaders and their families. Currently, the USSS has an estimated 6,700 employees and 4,400 sworn members dealing with problems on fraud concerning the financial institutions and transactions of the US. Yet, the death of President William McKinley by assassination in 1901 led to the expansion of the role of the USSS to include the provision of safeguarding ...

Abbreviated as DHS, the Department of Homeland Security was specifically created with the goal of responding to terrorist threats within the borders of the United States of America. The development rather the establishment of the DHS followed the terrorist attack that took place on September 11, 2001. Hence, the mandate of the DHS is primarily to protect the territories of the United States including its Ambassadors’ residences abroad. However, the mandate of the DHS extends beyond just terrorism to accommodate instances of natural disasters and man-made accidents (DHS, 2015). The annual budget of the DHS is estimated at between $ ...

Introduction

After the September 11 Attacks, there have yet been two more attempted attacks on the United States. The first attack took place on December 25, 2009 in a commercial airliner headed to Detroit while the second, in November 2010 in a cargo aircraft. Questions on the competence of Homeland Security followed the AQAP (al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula) planned botched terrorist attempts, as shall be seen in the ensuing discourse.

Analyzing How These Plots Were Able To Occur & Weaknesses in Homeland Security That AQAP Exploited

Faroukh AbdulMutallab, son of a Nigerian multimillionaire had been being kept in communication with AQAP through Abu Tarak. The bomb was made by a Saudi known as al ...

In order to answer all the questions of the DHS and the United States’ emergency paradigm, this paper will lay out definitions of terms and ideas that will be used in our study of the United States’ internal security preparedness as well theories that explain this policy. Thereafter, the paper will focus on examining the success of the Homeland security, and its failures. The conclusion of this paper is a suggestion that a new paradigm in the understanding of security and emergency preparedness is required to lay emphasis on security threats that are most likely to happen. While the ...

Form of Government and Structure

A close analysis of New York City shows that it utilizes a mayor-council system form of governance. The fact that New York City falls is structured under the City Charted offers a comprehensive platform that enhances the success of mayor-council system of governance. Another crucial factor that is worth noting with regards to New York City’s government is that it is more unified than any other U.S. city. This is evident by the fact that the city’s government coordinates a wider array of matters regarding public education, welfare services, water supply, public safety, sanitation, recreational facilities, correctional ...

Chapter Summaries

Chapter 9 Summary: Background to the Middle East
The Middle East has been associated with terrorism for a very long time. This chapter provides background information on the Middle East. Most of the people living in the Middle East are of Islamic faith, and some of the countries include those in North Africa, Southwest Asia, Arabian Peninsula, Afghanistan, and Iran. However, in the past there have other religions such as Judaism and Christianity.
Issues of terrorism are based on certain theological concepts of Islam, which have resulted to the development of a militant philosophy. Islam itself is divided into ...

International, Global, and Domestic Business Paper

Homeland security is a security organization based in the United States. It is responsible for the internal security of the country and its borders. It was formed after September 11, 2001 with a target to protect the citizens of the country against man made or even natural disaster. It was created to counteract terrorism. It broadens its activities to safeguard the border while maximizing on technology, work force, and other infrastructure in order to achieve control of the border (Martin, & Simon, 2008). It coordinates with the public and private sector to achieve success in its activities. Its ...

Question one: Explosives

The Oklahoma City bombing occurred at nine o’clock during the day in April 1995. It saw the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Building. Two critical safety steps that were essential in the management of the disaster entailed the establishment of a safety perimeter that would limit the extent to which the first respondents could reach and the immediate withdrawal of the trapped bodies from the danger zones. The former essentially contributes in accountability and management of the respondents. It should be noted that the respondents’ desire to save anybody in the disaster must never ...

The September 11, 2001 (9/11) terrorist attack in the United States of America has brought this common and urgent query if the country is safe to all the citizens who live in for a better living. Asking this question is wrong; America is still a safe place to everyone. It is safer since the government has a massive increased in homeland security and the expenditures are high. The best and correct query is that, if the expenditures in the security have its worth. Howard Kunreuther, analyst, raised the central question after the 9/11 terrorist attack that how much do ...

Introduction

The commercial aviation safety and the millions of passengers who travel annually has rapidly emerged as a high priority in the national security following the numerous events of terrorism which have taken place for the last decade. The September 11, 2001 attack when four commercial aircraft were hijacked and used for destruction of the World Trade Center twin towers and for inflicting of ruthless harm to the pentagon, caused a shock to the world and instigated a full scale analysis into the efficacy of screening technologies on passengers and procedures which the United States airports used. The increased global ...

The one-hundred twenty-four most densely populated cities of the United States house a Metropolitan medical Response system (MMRS). The programs are delegated the responsibility to develop strategies, handle training exercises, and stockpile drugs and equipment for personal protection in readiness for massive casualties as a result of an act of terrorism using a weapon of mass destruction (WMD)(Homeland Security, 2006). Originally called the Metropolitan Medical Strike Team, the name was changed to reflect focus less on chemical agents than on enlisting the assistance of fire, police, and emergency medical personnel (Manning & Goldfrank, 2001).

History of the Program

The concept of the Metropolitan ...

Terrorism denotes the deeds of violence that are intended to create fear and anxiety among a populace of a specific locality. Terrorism activities are politically or religiously instigated, and without a doubt, they have turned out to be a major concern globally in the recent times. It has affected the largely the way the world is today because, every government is cognizant of the fact that if a country is not safe both internally and externally, no meaningful progress can be made. Terrorism affects how governments conduct their functions and the policies that a particular government puts in place ( ...

Introduction

Proper definition of the word “terrorism” is very vital to understand the topic under study. Terrorism has very wide definition due to its long history and differences in view by people. The definition of terrorism presented in AR 535-13 is mostly used for all Department of Army that are involved in counterterrorism activities. The terrorism is defined as "the calculated use of violence or threat of violence to attain goals that are political, religious or ideological in nature. This is done through intimidation, coercion, or instilling fear. It also involves a criminal act that is often symbolic and intended ...

Introduction

Terrorism poses a major problem for homeland security. Therefore, the Department of Homeland Security has instituted a number of measures in an effort to try to keep Americans safe from the dangers of terrorist attacks. There are a number of Muslim extremist groups whose name you may have heard on the news in the years following 9/11 and even today. These include Hamas, Hezbollah and more. These extreme Islamic terrorist groups are often responsible for a number of terrorist style attacks one the United States and its allies. Throughout this paper I will do a comparative study of some ...

Abstract

The United States has been a victim of terrorism severally. However, the most devastating event happened on eleventh September 2001. Since then, all the security agencies in the United States were placed on high alert regarding the terrorism situation. Unfortunately, some of the terrorists have devised methods of breaching the security placed by the government. In such cases, the security agencies are forced to deal with the terrorists from inside the country. This is both a difficult and risky situation as the lives of civilians are risked in the war against the terrorists. Astechnology develops, the terrorists are finding ...

Homeland Security

Homeland Security refers to a general term regarding security attempts to secure states against terrorist attacks. The term originated from a reform of several United States government agencies in 2003, to form the American Department of Homeland Security prior to the 9/11 attacks. In addition, the term may be used to talk about the activities of the United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security. This paper will respond to the role of the congress in respect to homeland security.

The role of Congress should be to ensure and include the fundamentals of the citizens before creating policies that support ...

It is a great honor working together with your department in conducting this research and coming up with solutions, and strategies that fit to be put in place in improving border security. Upon completion of the research, I made a detailed report containing the findings and recommendations.
The report contains information on the findings as well as recommendations on the measures that need to be put in place in improving border security. There are two key recommendations made in the report which are; increasing the number of security personnel on the border points as well as increasing the border ...

Introduction

Homeland Security faces many distresses day in day out managing to outmaneuver some, and some are just inevitable. However, among them is one that is advancing at a dangerous rate: cyber security. The heightened growth rate is because of the high rate with which technology is advancing. The internet, which consists of billions of interconnected computers, has just increased the potential of this “goblin”. Cyber security has been on our necks ever since networking came to life. Once the information goes on board the network, its safety is no longer guaranteed. It is prone to compromise any time and ...

Immigration Enforcement

Immigration Enforcement

Arguably, enforcement of immigration regulations and laws has and remains to be an overwhelming task in the context of the United States. This culminates from various factors that have and continue to jeopardize immigration enforcement. One of the primary issues that jeopardize immigration enforcement is the skewed immigration enforcement on the U.S. borders rather than in the whole United States context. Precisely, immigration enforcement has often been focused on the borders at the expense of the interior contexts of the United States. This is evident by more resources in terms of hours and staff that are allotted ...

Introduction

America is an independent and sovereign state that has recorded a tremendous growth and transformation in various facets of the society, especially in economic, political, cultural and social spheres. As a developed and superpower nation, America understands the importance of the rule of law that is premised on the international convention policies, and societal values, and principles to enhance national integration, identity, and spearhead economic, political, and social development. Over the years, the American government has delegated the duty and responsibility of formulating and implementing laws and policies to the Congress, House of Representatives, and other arms of the ...

Introduction

Strategic intelligence, also known as STRATINT is an important aspect of managing a nation’s security, stability, and at some point, even its economy. Strategic intelligence deals with the process of collecting, analyzing, processing, disseminating, and verifying intelligence information that is usually required in forming future policies, and in improving already existing ones that would most likely affect a country’s military and security plans and protocols, both in the national and international levels. This type of intelligence can actually be applied to any type of organization, regardless of its size: it can be applied in businesses and more ...

Proposed change in combating terrorism

In order to combat terrorism effectively, I propose that the Homeland Security Department introduce a new policy of information searching on the travellers into the United States of America. The new system should involve the use of joint information pulling methods that employ the use of data collected from the embassy at the visitor’s home country and incorporated into the system of the United States Homeland Department. This proposal would see to it that the information gathered at the airports on persons arriving into the United States of America is merely corroborative with the substantial work having been ...

My family used to own a farm that took up about 120 acres in northeastern Texas. The nearest town was a sleepy hamlet called Ector, that had about 800 people in it when I was a kid; the town has grown smaller since then. Bonham was further down the road, the seat of Fannin County. When I was a kid, you could go into Bonham to bowl or watch a movie, or even shop at Wal-Mart. But we didn’t do any of those things when I was a kid, and we went down to the farm. Instead, we ...

As far as the mission of USA Homeland Security is concerned, I believe that it must adopt an all-hazard management approach for handling both natural and man-made disasters as well as contemporary terrorism threat. It is not an untold secret that geographical boundaries neither are respected by natural disasters nor by terrorism. Even though it is not possible to avoid such incidents, the Homeland Security Department must become competent for minimizing the effects of tragic and unfortunate events. It is extremely important to understand that such emergencies can be effectively dealt if Homeland Security adopts technology-based consequence management. Moreover, ...

Counterterrorism and Intelligence Framework: A policy recommendation to the U. S. Department of Homeland Security
1. Introduction
President Geogre W. Bush on 20th September 2001, exactly after 9 days of the 9/11 attack and a major governmetal transformation took place and annouced the establisment for office of the homeland Securities within the white house for contradiction of terrirism in U.S.
The U.S intelligence is prepared with diverse several agencies and organisations within the executive branch and work both independently and collaboratively to gather the intelligence fundamental to conduct the national security activities. The intelligence community efforts to assemble and ...

Section 5 Required Written Assignment

Research studies indicate that there have been a number of evolutions in the United States’ Office of Civil Defense since the beginning of the 20th century. These changes have been in an attempt of enhancing the nation’s preparedness towards potential threats, hazards and attacks. Today, all these preparedness programs have been mandated to the Homeland Security Department. By creating new policies, funding a number of programs, and successive administration of these programs, the Homeland has, to some extent, achieved its core goals. The history of the Homeland Security has brought about a number of policy changes. Most of ...

The United States of America was arguably the safest nation in the world until the 9/11 terrorist attacks the sent chilling messages. From henceforth, America and indeed Americans have had a suspicious approach to matters of security. It has consequently been in the nation’s interest to harness all of its intelligence agencies with the objective of working together in protecting Americans. In that vein, it is should be appreciated that all levels of governments including the federal, state and local governments have their unique roles to play in matters of intelligence. In brief, it is noteworthy that the ...

Introduction

The federal government of United States established Homeland security in an aim to promote lawful existence in the country. Basically, Homeland security acts as an American security umbrella since it covers the whole country to prevent terrorist attacks. They have a vital mission to enhance security inside United States borders from the threats terrorism. Terrorism has been known as the logical use of terror, violence as a mean of coercion. Domestic terrorism associates violence against the citizen population or the nations’ infrastructure caused by the civilians. The civilians have the intention to intimidate and influence the national policy.
The ...

Too many departments under homeland security:

Placing so many departments and agencies under the department of Homeland Security has created more problems than it has solved. Currently DHS oversees Citizenship and Immigration Services; ; the Coast Guard; Customs and Border Protection; Domestic Nuclear Detection Office; the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA); the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC); Immigration and Customs Enforcement; the National Cyber Security Center; Secret Service; and Transportation Security Administration (TSA). DHS also has to coordinate with agencies such as the CIA, FBI, DEA, and Health and Human Services, among other agencies. This in return causes many conflicts between each agency and so-called “ ...

Event Response Plan Part 1 (Terrorist Event)

Event Response Plan Part 1 (Terrorist Event)
Terrorist event is one of the most debated in the world today. Many people are being affected due to its disastrous effects, to which not only business are affected, but also the lives of the people. This event could happen anywhere at any time. The director of local emergency management in Small County has the responsibility in any event that is related to terrorism or terrorist attack. Being a small county means that there is a limited resources due to its small tax base. However, there are basic steps that can be ...

The question on the inclusion of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) into the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is a critical and sensitive question. Various debates have been carried out on the same issue by our legislators in the recent past. The Department of Homeland Security established pursuant to the passing into effect of the Homeland Security Act in 2002, was aimed at bringing together various state agencies with the sole intent of creating a water tight security and prevent the re-occurrence of the 9/11 attack on the U.S soil. The Federal Emergency Management Agency happened to be ...

- Identify one group from the text by Tucker and state one specific CBRN threat presented by that group. Then, identify the principles of detection, avoidance, protection, and decontamination from one specific CBRN hazard presented by that group.
In 2001 the Islamist cult group that launched the Anthrax attack was considered a dangerous threat. According to Canadian Data Projections an anthrax attack on 100,000 Canadians would result in 50,000 anthrax cases, 32,875 deaths, 332,500 hospitalization days, and a cost of $ 6.5 billion. The detection process is difficult since anthrax an easily spore forming being delivered to ...

Question 1

Is federal funding better spent on all-hazards first-responder preparedness or on research and development efforts to find new emergency management solutions for terrorist hazards?

Response:

Personally, I would say that the federal funding better spent on the research and development efforts to find new emergency management solutions for terrorist hazards. The Department of Homeland Security or DHS integrates a number of good research and development activities, transferred from different concerned agencies when the department was established by the 2002 Homeland Security Act. The DHS commits to supporting the first responders worldwide to ensure well-equipped, well trained, and prepared at all ...

Local law enforcement agencies are primarily concerned with preventing and offering solutions regarding crimes that have visible and immediate impact to local community. These are crimes such as theft, robbery, rape, assault, and burglary. However, the threat of future acts of terrorism is real and can affect the homeland security. However, the practice of community policing to with regard to homeland security and counter-terrorism can offer secure environment for local communities in order to improve the quality of life for the citizenry.
Just like the traditional crimes, terrorism is a national as well as a local issue. As such, ...

The fourth chapter of the book: Introduction to Homeland security: Principles of All-Hazards Response, is interesting in that it deals with homeland security. Homeland security is a general term used to refer to the efforts by the U.S. to avert terrorist attacks within its borders, minimize its susceptibility to terrorism and reduce the damage resulting from the attacks which do occur. This concept emerged as a consequence of the reorganization of several US government institutions in 2003 to establish the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS). This reorganization was informed by the September 11, 2001 attacks; with the ...

It has been 11 years since the day “September 11, 2011” became synonymous to the term terrorism and the anti-terrorism campaigns of the international community. The attack became the start of the US’ fight against the various terrorist groups around the globe, targeting the higher ups of groups such as Al Qaeda and the Taliban. However, looking back on the day of the attack, one can wonder as to how the US federal government responded upon the attacks and how it utilized its forces to ensure the safety of the onlookers and the rest of the state. While the ...

Virgil’s Aeneid is a literary epic and the national story of the Roman Empire. The story is an attempt to link the history of the Roman Empire, and its emperor Augustus Caesar, to the ancient wanderings of the Trojan people to its establishment. By doing so, Virgil hoped to not only create a common national identity of his country’s people, but to link this identity to historical symbols that people would recognize, in an effort to legitimize the Caesar and his empire. By doing so, Virgil creates a story on a grand scale that encompasses not only ...

Introduction

The state of Texas, just north of the United States-Mexico border, shares a 1,200 mile border with the neighboring country of Mexico. For years, numerous people who are not citizens of the United States have tried and often succeeded in entering the United States illegally through this vast border. Some of the people who enter through the border illegally are trying to relocate to the United States of America in an attempt to find what they hope to be a better life. Others are exploiting the border in the hopes of profiting from committing crimes such as drug ...

NSA 2

Introduction
The United States National Security Agency is responsible for counterintelligence operations pertaining to the monitoring, collection, and analysis of global data (National Security Agency, 2014). These counterintelligence operations include eavesdropping, wiretapping, and other types of electronic surveillance used to intercept threat against the United States. In recent decades, the NSA has also assumed responsibility for all counterintelligence operations for cyber and network warfare. Due to the changes faces of terrorism, the NSA counterterrorism strategies must also adapt to new threats posed to the United States.

Counterterrorism Tools

In the Information Age, terrorists possess the ability to deliver computer viruses through ...

Introduction

The usage of computers has become commonplace in the world. The daily lives of people, national security and economic prosperity are all dependent on safe, stable and resilient cyberspace (Rosenzweig, 2013). Cyber intrusions and attacks have increased dramatically recently exposing sensitive personal, national and business information to unwarranted persons who disrupt operations and use such information wrongly (Goth, 2009). Cyber insecurity leads to massive economic losses and hence the creation of the cyber security section in the department of Homeland Security.
The department of Homeland security plays a key role in securing the US cyberspace for both civilians and ...

The 9/11 terrorist attacks in New York in 2001 had ramifications that reverberated across the United States. The government structure of United States was not left untouched as a result of the attacks that sent shocking waves to millions of American within and without America. Because of the humongous effect the attack had on the image of the United States, it was common knowledge that restructuring the internal security system of the country was a priority and that preemptive actions would be taken to avoid such an attack to happen again. Given the urgency of the need to improve ...

Introduction

Many civilizations today place security concerns prior to their political agenda because of the increasing perception that international security is at higher threats from malicious acts like terrorism. Though terrorism has been in existence for a longer time and many security strategies are in place to prevent terror attacks, major terrorism acts including the unforgettable day in the US history (the 9/11 attack), the bio-agent threats, the Tokyo subways attack, the 1997 intention of the Islamist extremists to bomb New York subways and the 2004 bombing of Madrid commuter trains have evoked a stronger battle to improve security (Adams, ...