Essays on Criminal Justice

Philip V. Moore

The exclusionary rule, which forbids the use of illegal obtained evidence in trial, has always been a controversial element of the American criminal justice system. Although it is not considered an individual right, the Supreme Court has held that it is a useful tool to deter against the violation of a person’s constitutional rights.
In fact, one of the fundamental reasons that the Supreme Court, in Mapp v. Ohio, made for the use of the exclusionary rule was the benefit they saw in deterring police from violating the Fourth Amendments rights of the people against unreasonable searches and

Continue reading...

All individuals are required to make various decisions in their personal and professional life. It is important for individuals to make legal decisions that have high moral values. Intention refers to the purpose of actions performed by an individual irrespective of the right or wrong outcome of actions. When an action is performed with good intention, it will be ethically correct action, even if the outcome of the action is harmful to others. People, in personal or professional life, often take decisions that are not ethically correct but are performed with good intention. This paper intends to evaluate the

Continue reading...

Corporal punishment is the intentional infliction of physical pain given to students for an offence committed. It may take several forms such as hitting, slapping, pinching, kicking, slapping and use of various objects. The main objective of applying corporal punishment is intended to reform behavior. However, it has been viewed as a result of both social and collective problems. For example, corporal punishment in schools is associated with reduced quality of school life among students. On the other hand, spanking is a form of discipline used on children. Also, it takes the form of deliberate striking the bottom of

Continue reading...

When one thinks of somewhere to live, they think of safety, how they will provide for themselves and their family, health and education possibilities, among other things. To declare somewhere the best place to live simply means that place provides all that individuals need to be safe, healthy, financially stable and happy. What comes to mind when you said “Canada”? I am sure it wasn’t anything violent, or anything undesirable. It has been said by many people that Canada is the cleanest country or the most peaceful country or that Canada takes care of its elders. Now

Continue reading...

The extent of the regulatory power of an employer within the workplace often transgreses over the right to privacy of the employees. While the court upholds many times the right of the employers to exercise regulatory power over the workplace such as the conduct of search within the employee’s workplace, the same is only limited under justified circumstances. According to Perline and Goldschmidt (2004), the conduct of workplace search is only justified when the following elements are present: (1) there is reasonable ground to suspect misconduct of the employee or there is a valid, non-investigatory and work related

Continue reading...

Question Three

Judicial opinion is the element of law that deals with instances that pertain giving opinions about the legal field. In this case, judicial opinion originates from the mind of a person who feels like giving direction about a legal issue. In most cases, the opinions are given by people who are well vast in the legal field. As a matter of fact, judicial opinions originate from the rationality of someone. On the same note, poems are ideas that originate from persons who are well vested in the world of poetry. A person cannot just wake up today and claim

Continue reading...

(Insert Institute)
(Insert Course)
(Insert Date)

Before the American Civil War of 1861-1865, tensions were high between the Northern and Southern states. Said tension found basis on the issue of slavery with the Southerners being pro-slavery and Northerners anti-slavery. Consequently, an abolitionist movement rose from the North and led to the development of the “Underground Railroad”. Despite its name, the “Underground Railroad” encompassed hidden houses, paths, and code words that the anti-slavery forces utilized in helping blacks escape to Free states and Canada where there was no slavery. Expectedly, such actions led to the retaliation of the Southerners who

Continue reading...

Contesting for a political position in the United States has become an increasingly costly affair for aspiring candidates. The need to attract voters through lavishly staged campaigns has led to the heightening of the amounts of money that individuals can contribute to their preferred candidates. This article explains the impact of the Supreme Court’s decision to abolish limits imposed on the election spending. The Court’s ruling was issued towards the beginning of the campaign period, and would most probably intensify the pivotal role that campaign funds plays in American politics. The decision seemed to change the Finance

Continue reading...

Professional negligence

Generally, professional negligence can be described as the adjudged failure of a professional individual to possess the average skill or knowledge of other professionals in like circumstances, or, the failure of the individual to use their skill and knowledge if they possess it. It is evidenced by the results of their activities (Slovenko, 2009). An obligation to compensate for the damaged caused should be done if negligence is proved. The terms ‘medical malpractice’ or simply ‘malpractice’ are embedded in both legal and medical literature and are also a habit of thought.
Professional malpractice in psychology occurs when, in the

Continue reading...

- The film genre expectations are subverted in the manner to which an expected judicial process for the Huntsville convicts at long run does not take place. In a high profile, the genre blends action, adventure, crime and faction types of genres. Action is through the Adventure, with a risky turn. Adventure is through an epic distant journey in escape of crime on the offense being committed by the convicts escaping.
- In comparing and contrasting three cultural types, of criminal, legal and religious, Butch, Phillip and Red are of importance. Butch represents the true criminal culture through his

Continue reading...

Introduction

A private investigator is frequently shortened to PI and casually referred as a private eye. An inquiry agent or private detective is an individual that can be employed by a person or groups to take on exploratory law services (Rigakos, 2008). Private investigators or detectives regularly work for attorneys in civil matters. The very few skilled private investigators work together with defense attorneys on major punishment and defense of criminal cases. Private investigators are, therefore, private citizens having different types of experience and training. Investigators look for, collect, gather, scrutinize, and establish substantiation in criminal and civil cases for

Continue reading...

Immigration

Immigration

Introduction

Immigration is the process of people moving from their native country to another country for the purpose of establishing residence in that other country. There are two different types of immigration: legal immigration; and illegal immigration. This paper will discuss the process of legally immigrating to the United States; and the process of people immigrating to the United States illegally. The research will provide data to support that legal immigration is an accepted form of moving to the United States from another country. Evidence will also be presented to show that illegal immigration is an unacceptable means of

Continue reading...

Section 1: Proposal

Within the major profession of criminology, one recurring problem is the explanation of criminal behavior patterns and their relationship to crime, involving the subtopics of the sociological legal and psychiatric aspects of crime which contribute to defining and elaborating on criminal behavior.

Section 2: Body Sections

Casey, Sharon. "Elements of Psychological Maturity and Its Influence on Antisocial and
Criminal Behavior." The open criminology journal 4.Suppl 1-M1 (2011): 32-39.
This article by Casey explores the concept of psychological maturity in adolescents and how it relates to teen violence. The author explores the background information currently existing in the field of developmental psychology to

Continue reading...

My Research group problem is about community based corrections. In these regards, there are instances the implemented so as to facilitate the functioning of parole services. As a matter of fact, aspects of parole are devised from existing theories that support issuing of punishment. It is the most advocated for punishment that takes due regards of instances such as correcting the individual while at the same time purposing to inform the community that the acts by a former convict are frowned upon and unacceptable. In as far as the agency is concerned, the following instances are manifested; the agency

Continue reading...

The United Kingdom is said to be the most observed nation in the world and, therefore, it is branded as “the Big brother nation” . Statistics shows that there is at least one CCTV camera for every thirty two people in the United Kingdom . A closed circuit television (CCTV) is the use of video cameras to transmit live video feed or image data to a particular place with a set of monitors that are scrutinized on a regular basis by trained staff for the purpose of surveillance.
There are over 4.5 million CCTV cameras in the United Kingdom and the

Continue reading...

International arbitration allows international business persons from different legal backgrounds to amicably solve their grievances. Parties to a contractual agreement or in an international relationship seek an impartial party who carries out the adjudicatory process. The resolution by the arbitrators is usually binding and carries a provision of arbitration in future contractual disputes. International Arbitration has over the last half century gained popularity because of the expeditious nature of the method. Businesses and international traders prefer international arbitration to the domestic legal process. A dispute would usually be handled under the judicial system under which the dispute occurred. Resolving

Continue reading...

Abstract

This paper explores the history of gangs and their relationship with drugs in the United States. The existing literature shows that gangs have been around since 18th century, they have evolved over the time to carry out different atrocities in the cities. Research has shown that violence is a way of life for the gang members because it is their main system of justice. The paper also identifies the measures that state agencies should use to curb the illicit trade and save the society from the terror that is associated with this trade. The research has shown that the

Continue reading...

Article Assignment

The problem that the police of the United States is more and more militarized arouse anxiety in the American society. The matter is discussed in the article “Cops or soldiers”, published on March 22, 2014 in The Economist. The author describes a raid of a group of heavy armed policemen into a house of ordinary American family supporting their action with “ battering ram” and looking for $1000worth of electronic devices and clothes bought with stolen credit cards. They found nothing of the sort and arrested two persons for unrelated charges. All that cost stress and fear among the members

Continue reading...

Value Conflict

Sociology as the study of society and humanity cannot avoid a focus on values; this is because humanity and the society cannot avoid making value judgments. For sociology to be objective, it would have to be independent of factors such as color, race, creed, occupation, religion, nationality, political predispositions and moral preferences. It is an impossible task; thus, the making of value judgments always leads to value conflicts. For sociology to be free of values, it must be able to distinguish social facts from values; being the study of human nature, it cannot achieve this. Sociologists view the world

Continue reading...

Introduction

Clarence Thomas is the second African American to sit on the United States Supreme Court, preceded only by Thurgood Marshall who served on the United States Supreme Court from 1967 to 1991. Clarence Thomas was nominated to the United States Supreme Court in July 1991 and was approved by the United States Senate by a very narrow margin in October of 1991. Throughout his term on the United States Supreme Court, Clarence Thomas has been both hailed and criticized. He has been both compared to Thurgood Marshall and nicknamed an Uncle Tom. Throughout this paper, I will discuss United

Continue reading...

Abstract

The project deals with the problem of bullying in the workplace. It was established that Federal Occupational Safety and Health Act and the Healthy Workplace Bill regulate interpersonal relationship and prohibit bullying in the workplace. The types of bullies and their activities are the focal points of the research paper. Since workplace assault poses a tremendous threat to physical and psychological well-being of victims, mental, emotional and physical consequences of bullying were given a particular focus in the concluding part of the project.
Keywords: bullying, workplace, victim, physical, mental, abuse
It so happens that people are split into two

Continue reading...

- How the evolving technologies relate to national and international policymaking
That national and international policy making being related to the evolving technological advancements is without doubt. From the olden times, it was evident that the law enforcement officers adapted the new technologies that were in existent to deter criminal activities. In the recent times, it would be next to impossible for the police officers to deter and prevent crimes without the application of the technological advancements most of which will be elaborated beneath. Bearing in mind that the national as well as international policy making process takes matters

Continue reading...

Abstract

The term, Racial profiling, is usually practiced by law enforcement agencies in order to target people of particular race for investigation and enforcement in a disproportionate manner. Individuals as well as some particular groups are targeted by the law enforcement agencies in such practices and they are subjected to various unjustifiable sufferings. This paper intends to discuss different aspects of racial profiling, role of TSA, Police and other enforcement agencies, along with discussing the impact of racial profiling on Muslims, Arabs, Hispanics, and other American minorities after 9/11. The paper presents a detailed background of ethical profiling, why and

Continue reading...

Jury nullification occurs in the event of an unjust law been used to prosecute a criminal. Is it right for a criminal to be vindicated simply because the law is unjust? Any one facing the law has an inherent right to a fair hearing. Therefore, any law that is applied in the trial of an individual does not only need to be valid, but also just. In the absence of just laws, criminality is abetted.
The situation leads to the question whether the offended person or entity receives the right or a fair hearing? The offended does not get

Continue reading...

Nuremberg trials are trials that were set after the Second World War. The reasons that facilitated the setting up of the trials was the fact that the war had been witnessed by individuals who had substantively contributed to the war. In this case, many people had suffered. In most instances, several deaths were witnessed within a very short period. In this instance, German town of Nuremberg was selected to be the center that was to spearhead on the trials that were to be conducted. In this regard, it is true to note that, the genesis of the occasion of

Continue reading...

A painting of the Virgin Mary by Chris Ofili an artist in the year 1996 raised concern and protests from many in London, Berlin and New York. The large painting on a yellow background showed a black woman in a blue robe and it employed mixed media like oil paint glitter and polyester resin together with elephant collaged pornographic images and the name Virgin Mary was on it. The work was termed blasphemous to the church as it mixed the sacred Virgin Mary with profane pornography. Chris Ofili himself had been raised in the Catholic Church and when asked

Continue reading...

What is a Tort and how does tort liability differ from criminal liability?

Torts are wrongful actions that may result to injuries or harm to another person or the person’s properties. These wrongful actions may provide ground for constitution of claim by the affected party. The main goal of tort law is to provide relief in case of damages sustained and, prevent others from committing related actions (Simons, n.d.).
Tort liability and criminal liability have substantive differences. While tort liability may result in punishment that mainly involves monetary payment of damages, criminal liability may result in punishment that involves both jail terms and, monetary payments. Additionally, in determining criminal liability, the

Continue reading...

Abstract

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 aim at improving the health status of the population by increasing insurance coverage. It is a vibrant healthcare reform but contains controversial provisions as it expects citizens to pay uphold the insurance cover or face stiff penalty. I discussed the constitutionality of the Act by analyzing specific decisions made in courts of law. I found that the Congress overstepped its mandate and activated “inactivity,” forcing citizens to purchase insurance. The Supreme Court will conduct an assessment on the act and settle on a final ruling that is vital in

Continue reading...

Abstract

Customer request that this page be left blank.
If tobacco remains legal, all other drugs should be made legal. The one difference between tobacco and other drugs is, it takes longer to manifest its harms; therefore it should be made illegal just like all the other drugs.
Less than half century ago for the rich, smoking was the fashionable thing to do and it was the proclamation of adulthood for the poor. It was a time when one could not look into a magazine or drive two miles without finding a very handsome man with a lit cigarette, or

Continue reading...

Cleveland Clinic1. Discuss how much you think the CC should adapt their marketing strategies and programs to UAE conditions.
CC requires investing more on marketing strategies as well as familiarising itself with UAE programs. First, it requires understanding the customers of UAE and more particularly the cultural behaviour of the customers. Understanding the cultural behaviour of the UAE customers forms the basis of its expansion. Different cultures have different have different preferences and therefore any company that wishes to enter a new market; cultural environment is a very important aspect to consider (Gillespie etal 264).
Nevertheless, CC requires focusing

Continue reading...

(Institute Name)

Introduction

Capital Punishment, also known as a Death Penalty, is a legal process by which a person accused of a crime is put to death. The term is derived from the Latin word “capitalis”, meaning beheading. Widely regarded as one of the most controversial topics of the 21st century, this paper focuses on the historical, moral and social aspects of the use of capital punishment. It covers all arguments both in favor of and against this form of punishment.

Historical Significance

Capital Punishment and Death Penalty Law is a centuries old phenomenon. The first death penalty laws were established in

Continue reading...

Comparison of the movie and book

Agatha Christie wrote the short story Witness for the Prosecution and published in 1948 Mead and Company. Billy Wilder directed a movie by the same title and released it on 17th December 1957 after studying and internalizing the contents of the story.
Leonard Vole is detained for the killing of Emily French, an affluent older widow. Mrs. French had made him a principal heir not knowing that Leonard was a married man and with a family. The fact that Mrs. French him a beneficiary becomes a disgusting factor particularly for his wife, Romaine, and Leonard’s defense become even

Continue reading...

(Insert Instructor)
(Insert Course)
(Insert Date)

According Uggen and Blackstone, sexual harassment in the workplace refers to the “Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that interferes with one’s employment or work performances or creates a hostile or offensive environment” (626). While there are laws that protect victims of sexual harassment, there are still recorded cases of the same where victims sue their workmates over harassment allegations. For instance, on October 15, 2013 the New York Times Newspaper carried the headline “Ex-Mayor of San Diego Pleads Guilty to

Continue reading...

DJIBOUTI v. FRANCE (2006) International Court of Justice

Abstract

The case between Djibouti and France arose from a dispute where the former accused the latter of failing to honor an international letter rogatory. In the letter, Djibouti requested France to send them records and documentation of the investigation into the murder of a French judge, Borrel. The issues presented in this case are whether France violated its responsibilities stipulated under the Manual Assistance Convention by refusing to execute the letters received from Djibouti, and whether France breached the requirements and obligations relating to cooperation, which are outlined by the Treaty

Continue reading...

In restorative justice, parties that are involved in the specific case could collectively resolve the outcome of the crime or offense and its further effects. Victims can actively participate in the seeking sanction from the offender, and likewise offenders are encouraged to take responsibility on their actions. Offender can either correct those offenses through community service, by apologizing or by giving monetary equivalent to the offense made (Restorative Justice Council, 2012). Restorative justice provides an alternative to legal rules and regulations and punishes the offender through imprisonment. It can also be asserted as a new way of addressing crime

Continue reading...

Chicago Bridge & Iron Co. V. Federal Commission
[United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit, 515 F3d 447 (2008)]
FACTS: The Chicago Bridge and Iron Company and its United States subsidiary, Chicago Bridge and Iron Company (Petitioner) is a company that was engaged in designing, engineering, and constructing industrial storage tanks for liquefied natural gas and other gases. In this market the Petitioner and another company, Pitt-Des Moines, Inc., were the dominant firms. The Petitioner acquired all the assets belonging to Pitt-Des Moines, Inc. in the year 2001 for 84 million dollars. The Respondent preferred charges against the Petitioner alleging

Continue reading...

Criminal Law

CRIMINAL JUSTICE
Question No. 1
 The use of less lethal weapons such as the pepper spray and conducted energy devices or CEDs, such as the Taser had been widely popular in the police force. The use of Taser increased in significantly for the past decade and reports have shown that 15,000 law enforcement and military agencies make use of these less lethal weapons. However, the use of Tasers had created a controversy in relation to allegations of overuse, intentional infliction of harm to the accused and in-custody deaths. Some claim that police commit intentional abuse of these weapons.

Continue reading...

The Office for Victims of Crimes (OVC) is an agency under the jurisdiction of the U.S Department of Justice dedicated to supporting justice and to healing for victims of crime. OVC administers funds to support victim services, provides training for diverse professional who work with victims, develop projects to enhance victim’s rights and services and embark on civic education and advocacy actions on behalf of crime victims. OVC works to provide comprehensive services to felony victims in collaboration with global, nationwide, tribal, states, military and local victim aid and criminal justice agencies and other proficient organizations. They include

Continue reading...

Introduction

The Zodiac Killer: AKA the Silenced Badge is a book by Lyndon E. Lafferty that seeks to give the true identity of the Zodiac killer. The actual topic of the book is The Zodiac Killer: Cover-Up: The Silenced Badge. In his book, he outlines the reasons why no officer who knew the story dared to testify. Included in the book are the specific people who were the masterminds behind the act of concealing the Zodiac despite the evidence that led to him. It is a series of a high ranking corruption and dirty political games. Lyndon E. Lafferty mentions

Continue reading...

Children, as our messengers into the future we will not be able to experience, are our most valuable resource. Hence, the serious threat juvenile delinquents pose to the current and future safety of the American society. Debates have aroused about parents’ legal responsibility for their minor children’s behavior, both civil and criminal. So far, there are laws established that hold parents only civilly liable, like the Parent Liability Child’s act, where the parent’s obligation is to pay, depending on the State’s maximum monetary amount, for damage done by their minor children until they reach the

Continue reading...