Essays on Criminal Justice System.

Abstract

This paper examines the criminal justice system of the United States and how it operates. It commences with the review of the judicial system of America and proceeds to examine government policies and how they have been utilized to deal with crime in America. Evidence shows that there is a challenge of defining an objective system of criminal justice in America because America’s bill of rights ensures that juries are utilized. This opens up the floodgate for various inefficiencies that compromises on defining the true elements of cases A review of the OJ Simpson case shows that the ...

Over the last several decades, the criminal justice system has undergone historic transformations in the thinking and practice of sentencing and corrections. The basic facts are these: Throughout much of the 20th century, the guiding principle of corrections was rehabilitation, a utilitarian philosophy of criminal justice implemented through indeterminate sentencing models. The idea behind this approach was that the duration of incarceration was immaterial, so long as offenders emerged from prison rehabilitated. The 1970s gave way to a new approach, “just deserts” a philosophy grounded in the idea that sentencing and corrections should prioritize retribution over offender rehabilitation. The ...

INTRODUCTION

Many methods of crime control and prevention have been adopted throughout America to deter and reduce crime. Many of these methods have been unsuccessful. However, there is one method that would be more effective than any of those attempted to date. Selective incapacitation is a proactive method of crime control that directly targets those who are responsible for the majority of crime in America. Regardless of the criticism this method produces, in removing the highest risk individuals from the street, selective incapacitation will triumph over other methods of crime control.

DEFINING SELECTIVE INCAPACITATION

Selective incapacitation is a proactive method of crime deterrence ...

(University/Institute)

Abstract

The goal of the justice system, whether the military establishment or in civilian society, is that the appropriate penalty is levied against the offending party. In the context of the military organization, the punitive sanctions against erring personnel as well as a number of individuals connected with the military is the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) wherein the concept of “non-judicial punishment” is contained. The UCMJ regulates and oversees the conduct of all trial procedures as well as the determination of the proper forum for the litigation and resolution of the charges arrayed against service members. In ...

The problems of mental illness and prison violence have increasingly become common contemporary issues within the criminal justice system in most jurisdictions, in particular those countries like the US with high incarceration rates and overcrowded prisons (James & Glaze, 2006). At the outset, the main critical issues emanate from these issues include the effectiveness of prison mental illness treatment services, constitutional rights of mentally ill inmates to medical treatment, processing, managing and treatment of mentally ill prisoners and psychiatric rehabilitation of the mentally ill prisoners. It is important therefore to these issues and sub-issues be addressed by first establishing their ...

Abstract

The paper is aimed at analyzing the criminal justice system. In this regard, the paper has examined the case of “11-CV-22122 Lawrence V. MS & RE Kesef Corporation” with respect to the concepts of prejudice along with the moral laws. The paper yields the outcomes that the court has made a viable decision entailing the criminal and moral laws that take in the biblical perspectives as well.

Introduction

The paper intends to analyze the essential components of a criminal justice system. For this purpose, the paper examines the “11-CV-22122 Lawrence V. MS & RE Kesef Corporation” case. It was trialed in the “ ...

The disparity between how society perceives the criminal justice system and how it actually works is a common occurrence that tends to skew how one impacts the other. A popular view of how the justice system works is provided by the media, which carries a great deal of sensationalism in an attempt to entertain the masses. Unfortunately this tends to instill the idea that justice is a series of one-liners and neatly completed cases that, regardless of their outcome, are final and without any further consequences. The idealized view of the criminal justice system is far different from its ...

Application of the Information Technology in the Criminal Justice System

In the XXI century, the importance of the usage of the information technologies tools should not be ignored both in the regular life and in the criminal justice system. Due to the fact that the technology gains new forms that become much more storable and significant, the information may be stored in the unlimited terms for ages. Additionally, usage of the information technology approximately by everyone allows to reduce the time for prosecution of the offenders and murderers jointly to the fact that the mobile devices have the huge amount of the information about the actions of the person. ...

The article named ‘The Mentally Ill in the Criminal Justice System: An overview of historical causes and suggested remedies’ by Arthur J.Lurigio and Andrew Harris examines the number of persons with serious mental illness (PSMIs) that are present in the criminal justice system. According to statistical data, PSMIs are found in large numbers in the correctional facilities, making up to 15-20% of the prison population. The cost of keeping and processing the PSMIs in the criminal justice system is proportional to the safety and security of the general population. Such a large amount of PSMIs has led to drastic ...

The criminal justice system, like the federal government, is composed of three branches, namely law enforcement, courts, and corrections (Kaci, 1998). To be sure, the three branches of criminal justice also share the federal government’s separation of powers. Law enforcement, which is mainly comprised of local and state police forces including city police, county sheriffs, and state troopers, are responsible for enforcing the criminal laws, investigating criminal activity, and bringing criminal suspects to justice. The courts, which include criminal court judges, prosecutors, and defense attorneys are tasked with the litigation and adjudication of a suspect’s guilt; and ...

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Plausible bigotry in the criminal justice system

Over two decades ago, a bystander recorded Los Angeles police officers brutally beating an African American man, Rodney King. Members of the African American community had long trumpeted police abuse; with the videotape, these hopefully had enough evidence to crystallize their accusations against the “white-controlled” police force. But at the trial, the jury absolved the four of using inordinate force; the city was engulfed in a riot. Though two of the officers were eventually convicted in Federal court, the case according to African American community leaders shows the extreme difficulty for members of racial minorities to obtain justice ...

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Source: Law Office of Shawn M. George <http://www.smgapc.com/practice-areas/california-three-strikes-law/ Every generation in the United States has seen new tactics designed to continue the oppression of racial minorities, abjuring the rights the Founding Fathers deemed necessary and irrevocable for all people in the nation. Many African Americans were denied their right to participate in the growth of the new nation. Centuries later, the United States is still far from being called a true “egalitarian society.” Racial segregation and bigotry have been evinced in a number of forms; over the years, these forms have changed and evolved but the ...

Racial profiling is one of the problems in the United States. It is worth noting that criminal justice system has been accused of racial profiling criminals. Some of the institutions that are believed to focus on racial profiling include courts, police and correctional facilities. People who allege to have been profiled on race are the Hispanics and blacks. The trend on racial profiling in courts is on the decline. The Supreme Court in U.S held that racial profiling is against the constitution (Glover, 2009). Statistics show that racial profiling in courts affects the blacks. Based on the statistics it ...

A prison is an institution that inherently draws a rough crowd. While there are a few people in prison who are innocent and were wrongly convicted, most of the time, inmates end up in prison because they deserve to be there. Thus, the types of persons in prison are no strangers to corruption, dishonesty, and crime. It is inevitable that the influence of the prison population and their deviance sometimes rubs off on even the most disciplined and scrupulous correctional employees. A big problem in prisons is drug smuggling. It is one of the greatest security threats that correctional ...

Juvenile offenders, especially who committed violent crimes clearly that there is something that needs to be done in order to prevent further occurrence and involvement of the minors with these types of offenses. The topic that was selected for this proposal is appropriateness of trial over minors who committed violent crimes. This has been one of the critical issues especially in the Criminal Justice System as should these minors or juveniles must be treated and tried equally with adult law offenders. This topic was chosen to discuss the potential positive effects of providing adult punishment to juveniles. On the ...

Introduction

Criminal justice administration is a challenging role since it determines the outcomes of operations conducted by any law enforcement agency. The decisions made by individuals in this role provide the infrastructure to prevent crime, uphold the law, serve and protect the people, and maintain the peace. The professional conduct of such administrators is often under threat due to undue pressure from local politicians, organized crime leadership, and even a Federal or State law enforcement agency. The chances for succumbing to pressure are high when ethics are lacking. Ethics influence the moral decisions that administrators make. Ethical behavior constitutes to ...

Victims and Crime Evaluation

Victims and Crime Evaluation

Introduction

The criminal justice system is used as a guide to maintain law and justice in the world. The criminal justice system ensures that all the branches of the government are used to maintain law and order by controlling and deterring crime, upholding social control, and sanctioning the people who have violated the law with criminal punishments/penalties, and rehabilitation efforts. The criminal justice system comprises of three primary elements that are, the courts, the legislative, and corrections (Siegel & Senna, 2005). In the central bodies of the criminal justice system, each one of them has individuals that ...

No legal topic remains as controversial as the death penalty. The continued use of the death penalty divides the nation on some of the most fundamental moral and political debates. While the death penalty is a form of punishment that has been around since he dawn of time, many people question whether the use of the death penalty is compatible with modern society. The death penalty also raises some interesting constitutional concerns. There is widespread belief that the death penalty is not administered in a fair and impartial manner, which would mean that some groups of people are disproportionately ...

Law

THE LEGALIZATION OF MARIJUANA IN COLORADO Introduction The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of the legalization of marijuana in the state of Colorado by covering the following issues: 1.) the positive and negative effects of legalizing marijuana within the state; 2.) the effect of marijuana on public health and safety; 3.) the economic advantages after Amendment 64 was approved in the state of Colorado; 4.) the effect of decriminalizing marijuana to the police and law enforcement agencies. The outcome of the research will be an evaluation of the overall impact of the legalization of marijuana ...

Abstract

With a large number of marijuana users based in the United States of America, criminalization has been significantly costly for the federal government, medical service providers and the criminal justice system. Over the years, many patients have experienced the advantages of using medical marijuana and doctors have been prescribing marijuana in cases they find necessary. On the economic point of view, prohibition of marijuana costs the federal government billions of dollars in expenses to regulate and the government misses out on the tax revenue, significantly powerful industry for job creation and supporting other industries and alleviates the price for ...

Introduction

Five states within the USA have the legislation governing the legalized realization of marijuana in small amounts. Colorado is not an exception as the majority of the population in this union support this policy. Given the fact that the issue of the impact of the legalization of marijuana has not been researched properly by the experts, this paper will present the overwiev of the major studies pertaining to this question. Nowadays, the population believe that marijuana should be treated in the similar manner to the regulation of the realization of alcohol and tobacco in the country. Despite the fact ...

One of the most significant issues in the U.S. today is the systemic policies that have led to the U.S. having the largest prison population in the world. A disproportionate number of socioeconomically marginalized citizens are incarcerated and subjected to discriminatory practices by law enforcement and the justice department. The consequences are wide-reaching and inseparable, cutting across political, social, and cultural lines. In order to identify the roots of these interconnected phenomena, one needs to both understand the historical struggle of marginalized groups in the U.S. as well as follow the money. Socioeconomic discrimination, voter suppression, for-profit policing practices, ...

The overall ethical dilemma is that a police rookie, Peter Liang accidentally killed an unarmed man, Akai Gurley in a dark stairway during a routine patrol. While it is true that Liang killed an innocent man, he had a right to take precaution of his life by drawn gut his gun while patrolling the Pink Houses with his partner landau. Specifically, Liang was first accused of breaking a major rule in which he had been trained to “never put his finger on the trigger unless he was ready to shoot”. However, he broke that rule and his negligence led ...

Sekhon, N. (2011). Redistributive Policing. Journal of Criminal Law And Criminology, 101(4), 57. Retrieved from http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc/vol101/iss4/2 Police discretion as the freedom to choose the actions to take when faced with a situation. Usually, these choices include: whether to make an arrest, whether to issue a citation, whether to stop and help someone or whether to perform a search this is according to Nirej Sekhon in his article Redistributive Policing. He further states that good police decisions are made based on good training, street smarts, good intuition and hunches based on experiences. Halliday,G.(2013). Police discretion Retrieved from ...

In a civilized society, it is undoubtedly important to maintain law and order. Oftentimes, this includes punishing those who are guilty. When a person commits a crime, it is not just the individual victim who is harmed, but society at large. But while is necessary in ensuring that laws are adhered to, protecting the rights of the accused is more important. This is because the accused stands in a far more inferior position than the government and protection is needed to guard against abuse of power, process, and wrongful convictions. The Framers were extremely cognizant of the paramount need ...

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Children in Prison

In the definition given by the General Medical Council (2016), the term “children” refers to “younger minors who do not have the maturity or understanding to make important decisions for themselves.” In the same report, the term “young people” is used for individuals who are “older or more experienced children and are more likely to be able to make decisions for themselves.” The law holds that when an individual reaches the age of 16, adolescents have the ability to render decisions regarding their respective welfare and status, though there are differences with regards to legal investigations ...

A Letter to my Uncle

Dear Uncle, It is long since I dedicated time to write a letter to you. Today, we live in a world where advances in technology and communication are transforming human interactions in many ways, and people are quick to abandon traditional forms of communication like letters. I may be one of them, but my intended message makes a letter just the perfect medium of communication I can employ. More so, I know you cherish reading, and going through this piece is likely to be a good pastime activity in the afternoon. I have known you and my father throughout ...

Court decisions pose significant impacts on other components or areas of the criminal justice system. It has been assessed that the bail policies of the judges directly influences what happens to an individual, arrested by the police. Moreover, judge’s bail policies also control the overall size and population of the local jail. Thereby, it can be affirmed that the operations of the corrections and law enforcement substantially impacts the judiciary. Massive arresting activities of the criminals often result in increasing the workload of the prosecutors and overcrowding the prisons. Moreover, it also makes more difficult for the juries ...

While it might be more common to think of the police, prison officer or prosecutor as the main actors in the criminal justice; community corrections personnel are as necessary as their colleagues in the effective administration of justice, especially since community corrections officers are the one that supervise offenders that are residing in the community outside of a jail or prison. As with any other party in the criminal justice system, community corrections personnel are as susceptible to misconduct as anyone else. To be sure, in recent years, misconduct in community corrections has become more widespread and a growing ...

Drug courts represent a relatively new phenomenon within the criminal justice system as both the federal and state governments intensify the fight against drug usage, trafficking and other drug-related offences in the US and effectively rehabilitate alcohol and drug offenders. This essay discussion paper looks at the history, role and philosophy behind drug courts creation in the context of the state of Texas. According to a report by Martinez and Eisenberg (2002), the history of drug courts in Texas may be traced from 2001 when the Texas Legislature through the House Bill 1287 sanctioned the creation of drug courts ...

Introduction

The criminal justice system in the United States offers various safeguards to defendants suspected of committing criminal acts in order to allow due process. These safeguards include the Miranda Rights. The following of these procedures will produce an appropriate defense for the accused and allow the prosecution to try cases without ambiguity. However, overzealous police personnel or district attorneys, in cases that attract widespread media attention often violate the safeguards. The means of procuring evidence is not always compliant with the statues of the law. The desired end for cases is achievable through questionable means. It compromises the due ...

Introduction

In the 1970s, there was a dramatic increase in violent crime rates across the nation. In response, policymakers and lawmakers began to crack down on crime. The “get tough on crime” paradigmatic shift of the criminal justice system has had far-reaching effects. Laws were passed that reflected a zero tolerance policy for certain offenses, carrying with it mandatory prison time. With more crimes eligible for imprisonment, more and more people are incarcerated in. The United States currently has the highest incarceration rate in the world (Johnson and Johnson, 2012, p. 43). The numbers are staggering. From 1977-2010, the federal ...

The Issue

The Children and Young Persons Act of 1963 provides ten years as the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) for England and Wales (Goldson, 2013, p.113). This implies that for more than half a century, the exposure of children who reach ten to the law's full force has been much the same way as adults. Children as young as ten years are being convicted of crimes and subjected to a police investigation. In this regard, they may end up having a criminal record for life. England and Wales' MACR is the lowest in Europe. It also fails to consider developmental psychology ...

The provision of case management services is done within correctional and community environmental in aiding individuals improve their criminal behaviors and conditions. In the current world, criminal activities have become rampant with the increased cases of robbery, murder, and drug abuse. The community perceives violent crime as the most perilous crime as a result of its integral effect on the public. Therefore, the government has initiated measures and mechanisms through which violent crimes can be combated. For instance, community and correctional setting facilities have facilitated in improving the security situation within the country.

Correctional setting involves a coordinated approach of ...

In the most unlikely places are literary themes that are eerily similar. Such is the case for “The Ballad of Reading Gaol,” In Cold Blood, and “The Crucible,” a poem by Oscar Wilde, a novel by Truman Capote, and a play by Arthur Miller, respectively. Although each of these pieces of literature deal with different time periods and different experiences, each discusses the darkness inside the human soul, the piercing reality of very banal, human evil that burns inside most people. While Capote’s characters chase the ghost of a murderer around a complex, interwoven plot, Miller’s characters fight against a corrupt, hysterical system ...

Questions

Community Corrections have formed an integral part of the criminal justice system. Over the years, community corrections provide criminal offenders with numerous viable options to incarceration as a means to deter crime and promote community safety. Parole, bail supervision program, probation, intensive supervision probation and community service order are some of the alternatives accorded to offenders in different stages of a correctional process. Community corrections help to separate criminals from law abiding citizens, reduce government expenditure on deterring crime (cost-savings) and create a favorable environment to reintegrate the offenders to the society.

Probation means a period of supervision that is accorded to ...

Is Comp stat an Effective Accountability Tool for Police Agencies?

Comp stat is a system that reflects on the comparison of computer statistics, and was introduced to enable the police provide accurate and timely information. It displays information gathered during the normal operations in the form of computerized crime data, crime mapping, and crime analysis. Comp stat plays a critical role in controlling both the minor and major crimes in the United States. This technology was first introduced in New York as a tool to empower the police officers to investigate any criminal activities and contain it before economic damage. Through this technology, the security department in New York was able to ...

1) The idea of probation started when courts saw the need to suspend the execution of sentences to enable defendants appeal to the monarch for pardon. Courts further saw the need to allow defendants to reform by the time of sentencing. The advantages of probation include the provision of opportunities for reform by low-risk offenders in lieu of imprisonment. Probation also protects defendants’ employment and societal stability. Probation is also cheaper than incarceration, which costs taxpayers hundreds of dollars per day for each offender. Modern probation includes new forms such as diversion programs and electronic monitoring. Electronic ...

Question One

Private Prisons Private prisons were banned in the Mid-20th Century because they were views as the new form of slavery. During the progressive era, the last private prison was closed down. Commercialization of Prison system was demonized by religious groups and Human rights activists. The business revived again in the 20 the century. This was as a result of the increased incarceration efforts by the criminal justice system. In order to reduce the crime rate, the courts opted to adopt tough sentencing rules. Currently, the United States of America has incarcerated over two million inmates. The phenomenon creates a situation ...

Question Two

There exists a close relationship between the police and the prosecutor that is usually mandated by the law. The prosecutors and the police usually interact during the criminal investigations. Specifically, the prosecutors can request the police to carry out certain criminal investigations by pursuing a given approach of inquiry. Prosecutors and police officers can therefore consult each other in the ongoing cases. In most instances, the consultation arrangement is usually informal and in most jurisdictions consultations between the police and prosecutors do not exist. Generally, the police carry out investigations regarding various criminal incidences in almost total independence. Once the police ...

The prosecutors and police have the common interest cut down crime, arrest criminals and offer fast, sure and particular punishment. Therefore, prosecutors and police are expected to have open communication to facilitate their functions. The two organizations have different responsibilities, but exhibit conflicting views over certain case dispositions. However, their conflicts are considered as evidence for the effective functioning of checks and balances mechanism of the criminal justice system. Therefore, the police should accommodate such checks from prosecutors while prosecutors are expected to provide supervisory functions together with vivid and reasonable explanations. The police are held responsible for their ...

Politics is one of the factors that affect all aspects of life. It is worth noting that politics plays tremendous roles in correctional policy. There is a link between politics and correctional policy in the country. In relational to political activities, the correctional administration faces a lot of challenges. In most cases, politics is a crucial aspect in the entire criminal justice system. The correctional policy forms the basis of the entire correctional system, and the politics play a crucial role.

Politics plays a crucial role in correctional policy in the sense that the politicians make laws, annul laws and change laws. This ...

The prison system that currently exists today offers a retribution measure instead of corrective actions to assert and ensure that the convicted assailants, after serving their prison time, could go back to the community as responsible individuals. While this is the case, a documentary featured in 2005 and 2009 documents a different role of prisons. Aside from housing convicted individuals, it also serves as a modern day asylum for mentally-ill individuals convicted of committing a crime against society.

I am writing this memo as my personal take on the existing problem regarding the release of convicted mentally-ill individuals to the society after serving ...

Question One: The Irony of State Intervention: Labelling Theory

Before the onset of the labelling theory, many a criminologists defined crime as the behaviour that was contrary to the criminal laws established by the government. Since it violated the state laws, the state’s intervention was necessary in prosecuting such criminals in order to ensure society remained a safe place to live. However, in the late 20th century, the labelling theorists came up and influenced the jurisprudence of the criminal justice systems. Therefore, in this discussion, the paper shall look at how and why state intervention, labelling persons as criminals and societal reactions actually lead to unintended consequences to the ...

Juvenile crime in the United States of America is as old as the nation itself. However, over the years there has been deliberate reform within the criminal justice system effectively affecting juveniles. Delinquency refers to the crimes committed by juveniles. A juvenile ideally refers to a person between the ages of twelve and seventeen. In that breadth, juveniles are just developing out of childhood and about to graduate into adulthood. At this stage, the law recognizes that the person may not appreciate the law as it is and may not necessarily be capable of harboring a mental intention to commit crime. ...

Introduction

Criminal justice is the system and practices that government institutions maintain social control, mitigate and deter crime, and sanction law violators (Stojkovich, Kalinich & Klofas, 2008). Decisions in any criminal justice organization follow certain models all of which must be educated and analyzed. Therefore, in this presentation the organization analyzed is the National Sheriffs Association.

Background

NSA was chartered in 1940 and headquartered in Alexandria, Virginia and provides law enforcers with programs to perform their tasks in the best way and to serve better cities, counties, or jurisdictions (NSA).

Models of Decision Making

There are 6 models that criminal justice organizations use in making decisions ( ...

It is crucial to note that collection of DNA without consent of an individual unreasonably intrudes on an arrestees’ expectation of privacy in a number of ways. Firstly, it leads to individual private information being accessed by law enforcement officers without authorization, which is against the constitutional principle of protection of individuals’ privacy. DNA information can be used to access other sensitive private information about a person that should remain private (Barbour, 2011). Therefore, taking DNA samples without personal consent is not right, as its result in those taking the samples intruding in personal life ...

Question One

Privatization of Prisons There is an emerging trend in the western countries of Privatization of prisons. Because of the huge costs that are incurred in the construction of a new correctional facility, countries such as the United States of America and Britain have opted to subcontract private prisons to cater for the rising need for space in the prison facilities. Mass incarceration has created an opportunity niche that is currently being exploited by American Business people. The privatization of prisons in the United States is caused by the punitive measures and the tough sentencing rules adopted by the criminal ...

Question 1

Anne Marie’s view of the situation changed the moment that she met the killer of her father. Initially, Anne had been harboring anger and resentment towards the killer of her father. She had made it her life mission to ensure that he was always in custody. It is only after she met her and knew of his situation that she decided to forgive him. It was only until Anne met the killer of her father that she realized that it was not only her who had been affected by the incident. The killer ...

Introduction

There is a growing contention among critics about the number of people of color that makes up the population in prison or parole. Pettit and Western (2004) have questioned the credibility of the justice system when it comes to incarcerating, policing, or sentencing of people of color. Current statistics reveal that blacks are handled disproportionally as opposed to the majority white community (Pettit & Western, 2004). Further, these theorists related the incarceration, policing, or sentencing pattern to racial disparities in the criminal justice system. United States has had a long history of racial disparity that led elicited activism by the blacks. Presently, ...

Mental Health and Incarceration

Among the industrialized nations, the United States ranks at the top for the highest number of adults that are in prison or in jails. In the work of Daniel (2007), the American correctional system held at one point more than 2.2 million individuals that are incarcerated. The numbers of inmates that have mental health concerns or issues are steadily rising in the last 30 years. This is purportedly due to the “deinstutionalization” of the local and state mental health establishment. Correctional and penal facilities have assumed the position of becoming the “default” state mental health facilities, and at an ...

- Broken Windows theory - The theory asserts that untended property becomes subject to destruction, and, therefore, unpatrolled communities become prone to criminal activities (Duffee, & Maguire, 2007). According to the theory, the public administrators should rebuild the society’s trusts by placing the people’s safety first, supervising probationers in the communities rather than in the office, allocating the public resources rationally, and providing enforcement and sequential quick response in case of violations.

- It is crucial to developing partners within the community to enhance the policing aspect. The public administrators should create performance-based initiatives and establish strong ...

- Introduction: Demographics, Politics, and Economics of China

The most important thing to consider when thinking about China is the sheer size of the country. There are billions of people in China; the country is extremely overpopulated and very crowded. Socially, it is a country in flux. Today, the Chinese are still reeling from the Cultural Revolution of the 1950s and the massive societal changes that took place at that time. Once China opened her doors to the west, however, she began to grow; today she is one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, and this fact seems ...

The principal role and function of the criminal justice system is to ensure that justice is served to every citizen of the nation. Unfortunately, recent evidence reveals that the criminal justice system is increasingly failing victims of sexual abuse. Being the primary institution responsible for responding to sexually related offenses, victims of sex crimes face a lot of challenges in seeking justice.

Nancy Thoennes and Patricia Tjaden analyzed results from a National Violence against Women Survey and established that only 19.1 % of women who have been sexually abused have reported the crime to the relevant authorities. The same study revealed ...

The United States of America has three cardinal branches of the criminal justice system. These include law enforcement agencies like the police, the courts system and the correctional system. Given that it is a democratic country, the United States’ criminal justice system is founded on the tenets of the rule of law. Therefore, all these three critical organs of the government must carry out their constitutional and statutory mandate within the confines of federal and state laws. Indeed, the criminal justice system is configured in a way that it enables both levels of government to function in an efficacious ...

The biological study of criminal behavior is known as bio criminology. The theories suggest that a person deviate from the social norms and moral values due to his/her biological makeup. The biological interpretation of crime originated from the Italian school of criminology. It was advanced in the nineteenth century. A medical criminologist called Cesare Lombroso did a research and proved that crime comes from biological traits that are in some human beings. The theories originated in the year 1810 (Ferrell & Hayward, 2011).The biological theories of crime include: Lombroso’s Theory-This was advanced by an Italian criminologist in 1880s. He ...

Policy and procedure directives are meant to ensure that all actions taken in every institution of the criminal justice system abides not only to the federal constitution, but also to ethics and human rights. Therefore, when policies and procedures are being drafted, their main foundation is the constitution. However, as history has shown, things are not always direct in the criminal justice system. An action taken in criminal justice system such a jail and that seemingly abides by the constitution may later be interpreted as an infringement on the constitutional right of the defendant. Such is the case of Carter ...

Abstract

This paper discusses one of the prevalent ethical issues in our present criminal justice system which is police planting evidence on the suspect. The planting of evidence on a suspect or profiling of innocent people is considered police misconduct. The driving force for the police to commit such crime is due to corruption. During police investigations, the police abuse their power by fabricating or planting of evidence to obtain false conviction by taking money in exchange for favors. Police resort to corruption, engage in other illegal means to earn income and break departmental policies due ...

“Incognito: The Secret Lives of the Brain” is a book on the topic of neuropsychology written by David Eagleman. He is working as an assistant professor of neuroscience at Baylor College of Medicine, in Houston (Bilger, 2011).The book was published in 2011 by Vintage publishers.

This book is appealing and interesting in that it has presented the scientific concepts in an easy-to-understand manner and has successfully given surprising lessons in neuroscience. Eagleman has presented the tricks that are played by our brain and senses in this physical world. In the ...

The important concepts of law and justice are necessary foundations that lend legitimacy to a state, in particular and to a society and/or a civilization, in general. Owing to the intrinsic differences in social organizations the concepts of law and justice have varied definitions and approaches in the West and the East. A valid comparison of the Western and the Eastern approaches to these concepts make the comparisons and the contrasts extremely enlightening (Nov 17).

The Western legal culture primarily evolved from the Judeo-Christian sacred texts, the Greek philosophy and logic, and the Germanic-tribal or folk (law) traditions. After 380 AD ...