Essays on Bureaucracy

The judicial activism is defined as a philosophy of judicial decision making where by judges allow their personal views about public policy, guiding their decisions among other factors . Judicial activism can be observed in three possible actions: overturning a law as unconstitutional, overturning judicial precedent, and ruling against a preferred interpretation of the constitution. The use of judicial activism as a term usually implies that the person does not like the ruling as for example in the dissent of same sex marriage. The use of judicial activism takes away the powers of the other branches of government. For example ...

1. Define organizational control and describe the four steps of the control process. Organizational control is the process by which managers regulate and monitor the efficiency of an organization, and its member performance striving to achieve goals. Managers develop strategies organizations can implement in order to resources more effectively to increase the value for customers. Step one is to establish standards of performance, targets and goals. Step two is to measure the actual performance. Step three relates to how managers can compare performance and standards of performance. Step four relates to how managers can initiate change if standards are ...

Max Weber sees present days and the future ones greatly influenced by pessimistic diagnosis. The concept of the "iron cage", which was developed by Weber, is the result of the rationalization of the business activity, which has led to a surprising economic growth. However, it has created the "iron cage" of capitalism. The negativity of this "iron cage" of capitalism is that it establishes a framework of human lives. Capitalism in its cultural and historical integrity is the main subject of Weber's research. This paper analyzes, whether social capitalism has an alternative or it is an inevitable level of ...

Upon the discovery of the mistake, you should take the responsibility of reporting the mistake to the supervisor, of which you did and is commendable. You should inquire how the mistake came about and how the firm can take responsibility of the mistake. You should try to share with his supervision in the firm on ways through which the mistake can be rectified. You have the ethical requirement of being transparent and should not in any way utilize the mistake to your own advantage. You also have an ethical requirement keeping the information regarding the mistake within the firm; ...

Threats to internal security and the need to maintain law and order have prompted the security policy makers in collaboration with various government agencies to come up with suggestions of having an enhanced and equipped police force that can respond to any security issues at any given moment. The police force has managed to become a significant agency in the governance of the country and to undertake its roles in the most effective way; there have been numerous reforms that have facilitated the required levels of the organization and hence operations. The vital aspect in the police organization and ...

Australia, being recognized as a vibrant democracy of a free market has always recorded economic progress for the last twenty-five years without encountering a recession. The economy has hugely benefitted from the entrepreneurial development which has been facilitated by an efficient governmental system, a legal system that is functioning properly together with an independent bureaucratic rule. All through in 2014, the economic growth of Macquarie environment has been below the long-term trend. Being driven by the sector of the resources, it experienced a declining value as the prices of the commodities also declined. This meant that while the country ...

Recognizing Public Value

Moore’s take on public value Public Value is the ability of a state or a nation to use measurable statistics to gauge the performance or effective level of its citizens. According to (Moore 8), he believed in the philosophy of measuring the levels of educated publics, health, safety that the citizens were able to produce within given period of times. In comparison to Dendhardt and Hutchison’s theory of public value, they both believed in the managers’ relations with the civil service and the political environment of the nation. However, Hutchison tries to explain that, for instance in ...

Over the years, scholars, economists, and managers have come with many theories to explain various efficient methods of managing organizations. Organizations have striven to come up with one particular theory that can apply to all the organizations. The task has proven to be difficult because no two organizations are similar. Organization management methods have evolved over the years. The classical theories were among the first theories formulated by economists to guide organizations (Rainey, 2009). They viewed the organization as closed systems unaffected by external influences; they also believed that there was only one way to run an organization. Their ...

Communities of Canada

Challenges in the Creation of healthy & sustainable education systems for the First-Nation Communities of Canada Education of the First-Nations of Canada has been one of the challenging issues historically. Various agreements and treaties have been signed among the stakeholders, including the federal and local administration for formulating an education policy that ensures the constitutional rights of the First-Nation communities. A conceptual mechanism needs to be structured to let the First-Nations self-manage their education-related matters to meet the challenges that help in reducing the tensions, differences, and confrontations, occurring between the overlapping First Nations and non-First Nations communities, vying for ...

Ellen Pence was a scholar who started working actively on social issues since her teen years when she concentrated on the antiwar, civil rights, feminist and other social issues. After earning her bachelor’s degree at the College of St. Scholastica in Duluth, Minnesota, she dedicated her life to find and initiate innovative solutions for a diversity of social problems. She concentrated on the domestic violence and the variety of issues connected with it. Being an administrator to four women’s programs, she helped the opening of Harriet Tubman Shelter and she managed, with a small group of activists, ...

Communication is an essential part of management which determines the failure or the success of an organization. Without communication, organizations are prone to failure. Information transfer between departments in an organization and the workers of that organization is highly essential for continued cooperation in an organization (Miller & Roger, 113). More so, communication between an organization and its customers a key factor as information necessary for the services and even products to be delivered. In the service industry, reliable information is the main determinant of the reliability and availability of the services required by the customers. It is, therefore, important ...

The globalization along with growing inequality between and within countries has brought new trends that today cause mixed reaction from the society. The global migration is considered one of the most crucial issues of the 21th century. There are more than 232 million of international migrants in the world. If they could occupy a separate territory for living it would be a new population in the world, strong enough due to its multicultural background (The United Nations, 3). However, Immigrants more often face discrimination, exploitation, ill-treatment, wounding and even enslaving. They are afraid to complain and fight for their ...

Rapidly expanding global economy gives wide opportunities for companies to hire qualified specialists from all over the world as well as to establish offices in various countries. At the same time, communication is becoming one of the most important issues in global management. Imagine working in Airbus, a large international company with more than 55 thousand multicultural employees of hundred nationalities from Europe, North America, China, Japan, Russia, and India. Every day people there discuss lots of working procedures, but they all were born and brought up in different cultures. It is unlikely possible to find a common approach ...

Organization and Management Analysis

Classical Theory There are various organizational theories emerged by the time. One of the theories is classical theory that provides an insight of the merger of scientific management as well as bureaucratic and administrative theory. In 1917, Fredrick Taylor introduced scientific management theory (Taylorism) with four principles, such as recruiting best human capital to perform tasks, matching worker’s capability with tasks, close supervision of workers and use of rewards and punishment as motivational tool, and management of tasks in terms of planning and controlling (Agarwal, 1982). Max Weber in 1947 prolonged Taylor’s theories and put emphasis on ...

(Student’s Full Name)

“If the Empire were to continue to exist, a new understanding of its problems and fresh solutions would have to be found.”—Norman Itzkowitz in Ottoman Empire and Islamic Tradition, p. 108 quoted in Kevin Goodman’s “The Tanzimat and the Problem of Political Authority.” The above statement is made against the historical backdrop after the Ottoman Empire signed a “peace treaty” that ended a “six-year war, 1768-1774” with Russia, which was referred to as the Treaty of Kuchuck Kainardji (Goodwin 2). This represented a final blow in a “series of defeats” that took place ...

Virgin Group

Abstract Virgin Group is one of the biggest and most popular business organizations in the world who have developed a strong work culture over the years. Under Sir Richard Branson’s leadership, Virgin Group has developed several cultural practices that have helped their business grow. By keeping their customer’s happy through empowered employees, Virgin has developed a cultural practice that ensures their work culture remains at the fore of their business philosophy. There are different frameworks that can be evaluated for analyzing the cultural practice of Virgin Group, but Hofstede’s cultural theory has been utilized for analyzing ...

Nowadays talented and efficient management is important for any organization. The business environment is constantly changing and it is very useful for the managers to be able to combine, synthesize and apply their theoretical knowledge and practical experience with the goal to achieve best possible results for the company. Traditional approach to the organization’s management is very important as it is based on the profound obtained during many decades experience of the most successful managers from all around the world. However, new trends require new approach. In this paper I am going to identify whether and to what ...

The idea that slavery poisons socioeconomic development and, therefore, prosperity of enslaved nations has been cited and repeated in academic quarters so often that it has become a platitude, assuming the aura of conventional wisdom. Indeed, whereas slavery augmented the riches of the slave-trading states and supported the labor force of the states on the receiving end of this phenomenon, it had debilitating and far-reaching consequences for the enslaved states. Projecting these simple empirically-grounded assumptions onto the case of Ghana and other West African states, it appears that slavery deprived these societies of their most productive members, leaving a trail of ...

Miller(2011)defines organizational communication as “the process through which individuals stimulate meaning in the minds of others by means of verbal and non-verbal messages in the context of a formal organization”. The importance of studying organizational communication is to identify and resolve problems in the communication channels. Seamless communication and interpretation of signals in an organization would result in higher efficiency and productivity. One of the most important factors in determining the effectiveness of communication flows is the organizational design. Most organizations are divided into either; tall or flat organizations on the basis of hierarchy.

A tall organization ...

In reading Henry Mintzberg’s article, Organization design: fashion of fit? (1980), I was pleased that it was so easy to follow, that his concepts included examples that I could understand, and it was well organized. Mintzberg was clear, to the point, and engaging in his writing. Even though the article was published in the Harvard Business Review, it was written at a level that the average college student could understand, even a non-business major.

Mintzberg begins by tackling the assumption that too many people make: all organizations are alike. Indeed, they are not. He also clearly points out that ...

‘Health and Safety legislation imposes an unnecessary financial burden on business’

Employment sectors in the United Kingdom have been subjected to numerous rules in recent times that seek to decrease the occurrence of grievous injuries in the work environment. The implementation of proper health and safety regulations has been made mandatory in order to secure the wellbeing and safety of the workers. Sensible rules that ensure workplace safety are always welcomed by the employers. But the present safety and health legislation has begun to ...

Innovation and management of change are very important aspects of strategic management. It is vital to take a look at different perspectives of change management

Slide 2

Question 1: Explain van de ven poole models and terminology and describe two of change management theories from the curriculum?

Van de Ven and Poole made important contributions in change management. The Life cycle theory and the Dialectical theory are of great significance in organizations. Considering the Life cycle theory it is worth indicating that the underlying principle of this theory is that “change is imminent: that is, the developing entity has within it ...

Business

Traditional bureaucracies are not designed to provide custom made products to individual customers. This is because traditional bureaucracies primarily have a traditional inclination. This means that they are more designed to giving the best possible results to the managing authority as opposed to making it easier for the customer to access certain services that may be relevant. This means that these traditional work frames are designed to meeting the needs of the managing authority and ensure that the managing authority has a very easy time all at the expense of the customer. The attention that should be paid to the customer ...

The US government has recently been embroiled in a series of fresh scandals under the Obama administration. The nature of the United States dictates that the actions of the government elected over the polity are in direct oversight of the polity by virtue of the rights of citizens. This creates an environment wherein political figures are often tried by the court of public opinion despite the possibility of the ostensible legality of their actions. In what was one of the most sensational scandals of the last century, President Bill Clinton saw his administration stained very seriously following his illicit sexual ...

Does the Roll Call Voting Record of Congressional Members Adequately Capture the Level of Interest Group Influence on Member’s Behaviors?

Introduction

Scholars have had hard moments determining the influence of campaign donations on elected legislators some studies finding significant prove while others find no prove at all. However, reports from different institutions show that moneyed interests play a significant role in the legislative process in Congress. Confusion occurs because Congress members dismiss the issue claiming it political and far away from the truth. The question remains whether the roll call voting record of congressional members adequately captures the level of ...

1. What is public administration?

Woodrow Wilson believed that PA meant that administration and politics should be separate from each other. (Quoted in Sharpe 31) Since the 1930’s, the field of PA has changed to add more economic management and social equity to the classical objectives and rationale. (Quoted in Sharpe 31).A more modern definition would include the formation and implementation of public policy and an amalgamation of management based strategies including PODSCRB. Behaviorally based practices are included from psychology/sociology and it is framed within a democratic framework of accountability. The formation and implementation of policy has ...

As part of British Petroleum’s (BP) communicated organizational culture, the concern for people, communities and environment was encrypted in its mission statement, defining its most significant organizational value. The focus on people, communities and environment define ethical considerations, which were, in theory, supported by BP. However, in practice, other aspects prevailed in the decision making process regarding Macondo well drillings. As Elaine M Brown (240) indicates in “The Deepwater Horizon Disaster” article, the investigations on the Gulf of Mexico explosion indicated that in the decision making process for the drilling operations, the organization considered “time, money, productivity, ad ...

With an ever changing technological know-how, the structure of management and leadership is bound to change (Wallace, Tolley-Stokes&Estep, 2011, pg 52). Various industries are forced to change how they manage and handle their marketing strategies to ensure they keep up with the new technology (Treat, 2011, pg56). If a company fails to embrace and incorporate the various upcoming strategies in management and leadership and choose to use the traditional methods, it is bound to lose its customer base. Use of methods that have been deemed redundant and bureaucratic may, therefore, lead to loss (Pitsis, 2011,pg85).The methodsmake it necessary ...

Explain how the people’s republic of china has managed to control the spread of terrorism within their borders. Has the Chinese government attempted to control religious groups? Have they been successful? Why or why not? Use at least one internet source in addition to the text to answer this question.

The people’s republic of china has been facing terrorism for many decades. The largest threat is the internal terrorism. The internal terrorism is mainly attacking the minorities in the country. The latest killing of Chinese people in the city of Kunming have taken many innocent lives. ...

The essence of this study is to look at communication in both a tall organizational structure and a flat organizational structure. Communication is the key to any successful organization, whether in a tall communicational stricter or a flat communication structure.

Miller (2011) defines organizational communication as “the process through which individuals stimulate meaning in the minds of others by means of verbal and non-verbal messages in the context of a formal organization” (Miller, 2011). The importance of studying organizational communication is to identify and resolve problems in the communication channels. Seamless communication and interpretation of signals in the organization would result in higher ...

Chapter 9. Organizational Agility

9.b Consider what is a core competence, and it’s four elements. If you were going into business for yourself, what would be your core competencies? Describe them in terms of the four elements of a core competence.

Core competency is defined as proficiency that enables a business to deliver significant value to clients. It is the way that a business integrates the technology to its diverse skills and knowledge. Core competency consists of four essential elements that can be different in various industries. However it is mainly in four areas of; knowledge, specific business practices, technical knowledge and skills, and the ...

China and Japan both have a very long history, they have both formal and informal relationship. China in a big way influenced Japan, for example, in writing system, architecture, culture, psychology, law system, politics and economics, etc. China is much older than Japan. Both of these countries had different kinds of relations such as commercial and cultural that were established long ago, nearly 200 A.D. China has influenced Japanese language. Japan didn’t have its own written language, do when they had their first contact with Chinese civilization Japanese civilization they started using Chinese symbols in their writings.

During the reign ...

Introduction

There are fundamental gender differences in organizational management styles, values, leadership strategies and policy preferences, which constitute barriers to women’s ascendancy to the highest levels of leadership. These differences not only condition women’s leadership/managerial styles, but also shape the effectiveness of any such styles, which in turn reflect on their participation in public administration. This paper distils the existent conceptual, theoretical and empirical models on public administration, gender disparities, and underlying factors that prevent women’s upward mobility as well as the subsequent effect on organizational outcomes. Ultimately, however, management and leadership styles in any context continue ...

Bureaucracy is a managerial structure with a set of regulations formulated to govern activities within an organization. It aims at rationalizing the activities and ensuring that they get effectively and professionally executed. Its successful nature is bound to the state of the atmosphere within which it operates. A bureaucratic organization embraces strict guidelines and procedures yet its laxity to conform to changes is intriguing. Bureaucratic organizations advocated members’ duties to be clearly and confined allowing little chance for deviation. Its structure constitutes various levels of management with the leader, the president of the organization, at the top of the hierarchal ...

Abstract

The implementation of new working processes that include the adaptation and the use of new technology can be challenging and troublesome. The nursing activity is no exception, as resistance to change often impedes the effective integration of new technologies in the nurses activity. The improper management of the resistance to change is actually the cause for which many institutions and organizations have failed to integrate and install change. The executive positions in the nursing facility’s administrations are responsible for changing the staff’s perception about new technologies. The case of the Veteran’s Affairs facility illustrates how Vocera ...

Question 1

Bureaucracy is a method in which private and public sectors, governments and universities organize employees to work uniformly and in a compatible way through hierarchical individual role definition. The video starts with a man who confesses that he was a bureaucrat. According to him, bureaucratic organizations are deeply complex, and permanent with professional staff of higher expertise who differ in skills. The federal bureaucracy in American politics consists of the Executive, judicial and the legislature.

The legislature bureaucracy includes the congress and senate house; legal bureaucracy entails the court system, while the executive consists of the president, vice-president, and president's ex-office. The ...

Unlike most of the western democracies, the United States has a far larger number of political officials at the top of the national bureaucracy. The elected presidents in the US use this strategy to have a permanent influence on the bureaucracy. They fill major government posts with individuals who are sympathizers and supporters of their policies. They target to use their skills to achieve their political promises to the country during the election time. If they employ people from other agencies that did not support them, they are likely to turn back on their dreams and aspirations for the country. They ...

India: The Unemployment Black Hole

Outsourcing is one of the business strategies usually incorporated by companies with the aim of cutting costs and also employing expertise that is not available within the company (Bragg, 2006). However, from the perspective of the American and European companies, the strategy has distinct advantages and disadvantages. First, outsourcing is imperative because it enables the foreign companies to acquire labor in India at affordable costs since India produces approximately three million graduates a year. Thus, it creates employment in India. Examples of American companies that have outsourced some of their back-office services to India include HP, Intel, Microsoft, IBM, GE, ...

The wolf of Wall Street (2013), a movie based on true events, revolves around Jordan Belfort’s life. He started out as a low-level stock-broker and GOT retrenched when the company he was working for became bankrupt. He found employment with a small company that dealt with Penny Stocks. Thereafter, he broke out and started his company, Stratton Oakmont Inc., with a group of friends, which was an Over-The-Counter (OTC) brokerage house. I selected this movie so as to analyze the organizational structure in Over-The-Counter firms. These types of firms have been criticized and branded the “dark market” because their charges in ...

- What are the reasons behind your choice of postgraduate taught programme?

My career goal is to work in a managerial position upon completion of this programme. I chose Accounting, Accountability & Financial Management major because it will enable me gain a deeper understanding of economic, technical and professional foundations of accountancy and financial management. This will be crucial in understanding the internal operations and inter-relationships of businesses, financial institutions and accounting firms among others. Accounting and financial management skills are necessary in running all kinds of organizations, both profit-making and non-profit making. Secondly, I will be able to apply the knowledge to a variety of economic scenarios while working in a managerial position such ...

Changes in theories related to social structural change

There exist varying patterns of criminal behavior within the social structure. Theories related to social structure have changed over time due to various factors. Theory of social structure attempts to describe social change and its effect on behavior development. Social structure is a result of the distribution of power, wealth, and prestige. These different elements in the society have led to these changes in social structure. Presently, researchers pursuing research in the field of social structure follow limited but practical goals. The major focus has turned to development of laws, theories, generalizations, and methods that describe cultural regularities in ...

Movenpick restaurant

Introduction

Movenpick restaurant is an organization offering services and products to the respective customers within the market. The technological changes and the increasing trends in the hotel industry depict the need of the organization to develop dynamic approaches that reflects such changes. This depicts the essence of having effective and efficient transformational leadership and embrace organization changes within the industry towards creating a competitive advantage. Transformational leader’s embraces unique qualities that define their leadership style as availed in the preceding analysis that incorporates the respective entities under the leadership style and the organizational change based approaches. Having worked for the ...

The leadership all over the globe is the influence of the person to accomplish their objectives. This memorandum is written to discuss the factors of the effectiveness of leadership. Further, this memo discusses how different country’s cultures effects the leadership principles.

Concept Of Leadership

Leadership requires a number of abilities and willpower in a person to accomplish its desired goals. A good leader is required to have a habit of conducting a continuous process of self-study, training, and gaining experiences. It is the ability of a person through which it could gather workers in to theta. A person is not a leader since birth ...

Business and Corruption

1. In what ways is corruption a problem for economic development, social well-being, and prosperity? Unlock the mechanics of corruption.

Empirical evidence shows that corruption causes inefficient allocation of public funds and resources; inefficiency of corrupt financial flows in terms of the country's economy; loss of taxes when tax authorities arrogate to themselves a part of taxes; lost time due to obstacles, reducing the efficiency of the state apparatus as a whole. It also results in bankruptcy of private entrepreneurs; reduced investment in production, the economic slowdown; lowering the quality of public services; inappropriate use of international aid into the developing ...

Abstract

This paper looks into the organization structure of Chevron Corporation both at the home office as well as in the international division. It explains how the current organization structure is organized as well as that of the international division. The paper further discusses the various international strategies and business environment and its influence on the corporation organizational structure. It then recommends the changes that would be embraced to ensure growth and sustainability in a competitive energy industry as well as achieve its strategy and attain corporate mission.

Introduction

Chevron Corporation is a multinational energy corporation whose headquarters are located in the San ...

The federal bureaucracy of the United States (US) underwent various transformations since President George Washington came to power, during which it only included the Treasury, State and War departments. The end of the Civil War opened more opportunities for Americans to join the federal bureaucracy through the civil service system, which compensates the need to fulfill administrative reforms during that time. The civil service system imposed meritocracy, which meant that only the most qualified people could serve the federal bureaucracy of the US, as opposed to earning positions via patronage. Throughout the 1800s, the federal bureaucracy of the US ...

Larry Page is one of the icons in the technology industry. He is well known for creation of Google Company, and nurturing it to one of the largest and profitable companies in the world today. His interest in the field of information technology is no surprise, having born in a family of computer scientists. Larry’s Father, Carl Page, was among the first few individuals to earn a Ph. D in computer science, during the formative years of this field (White, 2007). His mother was a computer scientist as well. Therefore, he was exposed to computers from a very young age, something that ...

In his description of himself, Baer acknowledges that he wasn’t born a patriot whose intention was to work for the CIA. He describes himself as a struggling student who had personal agendas (Baer, 2002). The book gives several accounts of what Baer describes as frustrations and mistakes he made while posted in Lebanon and India. The book also discusses the failings of the CIA. Baer gives the reasons for a failing CIA as: replacement of human intelligence with computer and satellite technology; a risk aversion approach by the agency that promoted bureaucratic practices and undermined intelligence gathering; and the prioritization of interests ...

Question One: Public Budgeting

The budgeting process goes through different stages. It goes through five strands namely the decision making, revenues, processes, balance and implementation. In all these process, Rubin asserts that the chief tension would often be between public accountability and public acceptability. While public accountability refers to the implementation of the budget through expenditure as agreed in the budget, public acceptability refers to the concept of incurring expenditure as per the wishes of the people, that is, the taxpayers. However, the budget process is complex and complicated making the interface between public acceptability and public accountability uneasy. It is on that ...

The Classical Approach theory was developed in the 19th century as an approach to place reliance on various management elements such as division of labor, unity of command and delegation to establish various relationships between subordinates and authority. Classical management can be divided into three areas: scientific management, bureaucratic management and administrative theory. The major contributors to these three management thoughts are Henry Fayol, Max Weber and Frederic W. The classical approach is mainly concerned with increasing efficiency in workplaces on management practice and efficiency of workers. This theory therefore focuses on enhancing workforce, labor and management efficiency in ...

Negotiation styles among different groups are entrenched in their customs and background. Negotiations are used by different groups to arrive at a common ground on certain issues and problem (Lewicki, Barry & Saunders , 2010). The negotiation depends on different variables such as people, circumstance, time and position of power. People in high positions of power have a high probability of getting aggressive on their negotiation platform.

The Americans have a tendency of picking up the phone and immediately starting the negotiation. The direct mode of negotiation may scare away clients who would see their mode of business as aggressive and arrogant. The ...

Introduction

Japan is widely known worldwide as one of the most progressive nations in the East Asian region. Its inclination towards industrialization has enabled it to produce some of the most advanced technological innovations that have found great usage in contemporary times, as it triggered economic growth that has propelled it towards international prominence. The aforementioned trend Japan has started has heavy implications on its political economic development, which is the subject matter of this study. Verily, this study would explore on the way Japan has evolved in terms of its political economy. How did Japan reach its present ...

Paragraph 1

Galileo Galilei was an Italian physicist, astronomer and astronomer largely recognized for his contributions towards the scientific revolution. He laid down the basis of modern astronomy and largely supported the work of Copernicus. He is largely known for his heliocentric views in that he acknowledged the existence of the earth and the other planets including earth revolve around the sun, which is stationary. His heliocentric views brought him into conflict with the Catholic Church since was considered to be challenging the then pope Urban the eighth’s authority. He was then arrested, tried and convicted of heresy upon which ...

Cultural differences exist in every society in the world. These cultures manifest in various institutions such as industrial work places, business areas, and most important school institutions. Notable cultural differences included; the language difference the Americans and British speak English, the South Americans speak Spanish with those international students from Spain. There were French speaking students from native France as well as African countries e.g. Gambians and Cameroonians. Some cultures establish bureaucratic systems that are highly respected such that bypassing your superior is insubordination mostly in Latin American societies and African cultures. However, in the United States of America ...

1. Define euthanasia and identify the difference between the types of euthanasia (passive/active euthanasia)

Active euthanasia means the intentional killing of a human being who is handicapped or physically or mentally ill by the administration of lethal drugs or some other method that will certainly result in death. Passive euthanasia is the withholding of food, water or medical care from a person with the intention of killing them indirectly, but it is also intentional. It can be voluntary when it is performed at the request of the individual or the family in the case of incompetent or comatose patients, or involuntary ...

1. Explain the role of each of the five components of Mintzberg’s logo.

a. Strategic apex

According to the arguments of Mintzberg, a strategic apex refers to the system that is characteristic in organizations where leadership lies with the top management. In such a system, all the power lies with the top managerial staff; often one person. In this case, this controller of power could be the sole owner of the business. Such bureaucratic establishments are also characteristic with flexible, informal and basic structures comprising of few staffs or middle-line hierarchy. In such a system, decision making regarding strategy and operations, as well as the coordination of operations are run by the top management class ( ...

1. The American Civil Rights Act amendment act of 1964 emphasized the role of quality education as key to the realization of the American dream. It is not by coincidence that the United States has achieved one of the highest levels of high school graduation rates in the developed world. The United States education system has not only been formidable in its focus on holistic education that includes pursuit of talents and academics at the same time, but has also received accolades for its universality. However, the education system has not escaped controversy regarding quality and mode of operandi. ...

1) Set in the 1990s, well after his death in 1976, how does the film portray post-Mao China compared to that of Maoist China? The Story of Qiu Ju is a story of a village lady who struggles in the attempt of making the village chief apologize for kicking her husband. However, the case develops complications that end up including the government in the issue. Upon dragging of the government into the issue, the policeman where Qiu Ju launched her complaints demands that the village chief should pay 200 Yuan for assaulting Qinglai. The things don’t ogre well with ...

In times of war, the need for leadership within organizations becomes particularly important, because the decisions do not typically affect balance sheets or income statements; instead, they can result in the loss of human life, and even a change in a country’s government, if that country ends up losing a war as a result of poor decisions. The leadership that Lt. General William H. Tunner showed in the Hump and Berlin airlifts, as well as in later transport operations, showed the benefits and disadvantages of his particular leadership style. While his own personal strengths helped him manage operations effectively when he was ...

Leadership is an intricate construct, with widely disparate qualities and definitions. According to Northhouse (2007) and Giltinane (2013), leadership refers to the focus of several group processes i.e. it is a process of influencing group processes in setting and achieving mutually negotiated goals. By implication, leadership is a contextual construct born out of interactions among leaders and their respective followers. Specifically, Rowe (2007) describes leadership as a process of influencing members of a group to agree on, and understand what needs to be, and how it should be done, as well as the process of mediating group and individual efforts to attain shared ...