Essays on Regulation

1. Introduction

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2010), nearly one billion people suffered from hunger in 2010, representing nearly 16% of the population of developing countries. At the same time, the world population is growing and global warming threatens the production of crops. Profound changes are needed in the way that food production and food consumption are perceived, or the world may face mass starvation. Genetically modified (GM) technology has been found capable of feeding the world but there are concerns regarding its safety (Moseley 2002, Carpenter 2010). Continue reading...

1. Introduction

1.1 Perception of GM foods in the UK
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2010), nearly one billion people suffered from hunger in 2010, representing nearly 16% of the population of developing countries. At the same time, the world population is growing and global warming threatens the production of crops. Profound changes are needed in the way that food production and food consumption are perceived, or the world may face mass starvation. Genetically modified (GM) technology Continue reading...

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF APPENDICES
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Literature review
2.1 Definition of GM products and foods.
2.2 Historical development of GM Foods.
2.2.1 Bioengineering and agriculture.
2.2.2 Biopharming.
2.3 GM food regulation and legislation

2.3.1 Production regulations

2.3.2 Import regulations

2.3.3 Labeling requirements
2.3.3.1 Article 8 Regulation (EC) 258/97.
2.3.3.2 Regulation (EC) No 1830/2003: Traceability and labeling.
2.3.3.2.1 “May contain GMO” labels.
2.3.3.2.2 “Does not contain GMO” labels
2.4 Risk assessment of GM foods
2.4.1 Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 assessment of risk
2.4.2 Community assessment of Continue reading...

Psychology

- Introduction
- Bilingualism has been defined variously as the ability to converse or speak and understand more than one language. In a stricter sense, bilingualism implies the ability to speak two languages though multilingual speakers, i.e. those who speak and understand more than two languages are often referred to as bilinguals. In recent years especially due to the world reaching the pinnacle of globalization where there is virtual interconnectedness of one end to the other, bilingualism has become more of a norm rather than an exception. The knowledge and expertise in more than one language has been viewed Continue reading...

Introduction

It’s been over two decades that the agenda of the deregulation was adopted across nations, yet till this day regulation of the telecommunications sector continues to pose challenges. Only a few countries has been able to work out viable models of regulation of this sector while many countries still have public owned telecommunication systems (Grote, 2006). What remains a challenge in bringing about effective competition is the cost and economies of scale of incumbent networks. Hence empirical evidence shows no clear trends of changes in incentives vis-à-vis changes in the regulations on the sector.
The US telecommunication Continue reading...

ANSWER

ANWER
1.) The agents of the FDA cannot go to Kenobi’s store and arrest him. The FDA cannot also impose any fine and jail Kenobi since he did not commit any violation. The facts of the case will show that the new regulation which bans all glass coffee mugs was published in the Federal Register only October 1, 2014 and was supposed to take effect on October 20, 2014. For several years, Kenobi has been known worldwide for his famous glass coffee mugs. He was even featured on acclaimed magazines such as Glass Vogue for being the best Continue reading...

Introduction

Market structures are dependent on various factors ranging from the number of firms operating in a certain market to the market power enjoyed by specific firms. In that respect, different markets require different regulations in a bid to achieve efficiency in terms of competition fairness and service to consumer as well as social interests. Thus, the structure differences call for different types of regulations including industrial and social regulations all of which have different purposes. In addition, enforcing the laws requires specific authorities which have mandates to ensure that market and social efficiency is achieved. In that consideration, this Continue reading...

The medical industry is acknowledged as one of the most significant sectors in every society. This is because of its main objectives that are targeted towards saving lives of individuals in the society. This task cannot be easily achieved without technology. The 21st century technological advancement has contributed immensely to progress in the medical industry. The medical industry is characterized by high level of innovation, every 18-24 months, a typical medical device is replaced by an improved version (MTAA, 2011: Smith, 1999; Tandy, 1996).
In order to ensure that this technological advancement in the medical industry does not scale Continue reading...

Introduction

Financial crisis has become a global issue because it has affected many countries in the world. It is important to understand its meaning in order to know how it has affected the economy of various countries. Financial crisis is a situation in which the financial assets in a country loss value. During this period, the currency becomes unstable (Irving 2009). In this situation, the country becomes affected adversely because financial problems become unbearable for most investors. The main reason for this is that there are no foreseeable returns from the investments made in the country due to hard financial Continue reading...

Question one

If the agents of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) were to walk into Skywalker’s store and arrest him, it is our argument that the EPA can neither fine nor jail him for the alleged violation of the law. In answering this question in the negative, much consideration has been given to the wording and the text of the legal provisions creating the offence. It is my submission that there is no disclosure of an offence known to law as to attract any legal sanctions. In particular, the law stipulates that all glass top coffee tables are banned in Continue reading...

Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

The Nature of Competitive Market Structures
Market structures define the nature and characteristics of the competition that exists among the firms or sellers in a particular industry. There are generally four areas that are the foci in the study of market structures of industries: (1) firm boundaries, (2) seller concentration, (3) product differentiation, and (4) conditions of entry (Church and Ware, 2000). Firm boundaries apply to questions like why companies integrate vertically or why they outsource products and services. Seller concentration pertains to how many firms account for a greater percent of the market revenues or sales. Product differentiation Continue reading...

Regulations are laws, principles or rules that govern people’s conduct. The government uses regulation to influence the interaction and behavior of people and at the same time shape incentives. Regulations fall under various categories including; codes of practice, accreditation programs, principal acts, agreements and policy guidelines. In the field of health care, regulations can be imposed on the practice itself, health insurance firms, health care providers, health insurance bodies and health care professionals (Novak, Berg and Wilson, 2010).

Role of governmental regulatory agencies and its effect on the health care industry.

The role of governmental regulatory agencies in healthcare is to oversee the monitoring of both institutions and practitioners within the Continue reading...

Analysis of the legal challenge to airport regulation restricting assembly

Introduction
Airport Authorities in the United States have always been engaged in legal disputes with citizens over the use of the airport facilities and the conflict such regulations pose with the rights of citizens. The analysis of the Bruce Rocker case attempts to grapple with this never ending conflict and the underlying legal issues usually at hand. The regulation by the Baltimore International Airport in this instance of restricting the assembly of more than 30 people if their business is not travel-related lays bare a number of issues that touch fundamentally on the rights of the citizens. In addition, Continue reading...

Government Tax on Fast Food

IntroductionOver the years, medical experts have been battling the fast foods health related problems. Some of these health problems include obesity and weight-related health issues such as diabetes. However, this has not been a success for the Australian government. Relying on the food industry to control diet has been unsuccessful. The food manufacturers are concerned with the acquired profit but not the public health. This can only change when another force takes things to another direction. The Australian Medical Association has been on the forefront in this noble fight to save the Australian people. The association established in 1962 Continue reading...

Introduction

The thyroid gland is an essential gland found in various vertebrates, and has thyroid follicles (comprised of thyroid epithelia cells), which are supplied by a dense network of blood capillaries. The thyroid tissue’s main function is the biosynthesis and secretion of the thyroid hormone, which is an essential biological molecule existing in either of two forms, T3 and T4. The activity of the thyroid gland is controlled through the neuroendocrine system, which involves the hypothalamus and the secretory actions of the pituitary gland. TSH plays a key role in stimulating the thyroxin-binding globulin (TGB) and the uptake of Continue reading...

Emotions play a key role in most, if not all, people’s lives. There are numerous studies that show empirical evidence how emotions can either positively or negatively impact one’s daily performance at work, and even things such as personality and behavior . There are just a lot of things that can be dependent on emotions. The objective of this paper is to focus on the psychology of emotion, particularly the effects of emotion regulation on concurrent attention-related performance.
An individual’s attention can be perceived as one of the major determinants of performance . When it comes to the Continue reading...

(Author)

Regulation of Xiap Protein in Breast Cancer
Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is the type of cancer that develops in the tissues of the breast. Two most commonly reported types of breast cancer are “ductal carcinoma” and “lobular carcinoma”. Ductal carcinoma is initiated in the lining of the milk ducts, which are thin tubes involved in carrying of milk from lobules of the breast to the nipple. Ductal carcinoma can be in the form of Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) as well as Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). IDC is the most commonly found type of breast cancer with nearly Continue reading...

Antecedent-focused regulation is a form of emotion regulation which occurs before an emotion is completely active. There are four types of antecedent-focused regulation. The first is the situation selection which occurs when a person chooses a situation depending on the emotions that such a situation may elicit. An example is when a student chooses to enroll in a class because he knows that the professor is very approachable and understanding. The second type of antecedent-focused regulation is the situation modification wherein the person introduces a change in the situation to obtain the emotions he wants to regulate. When a Continue reading...

Political and Legal Influences regarding Nanotechnology in Medicine

Nanotechnology can be described as the making of functional objects, systems and devices by controlling matter on the length scale of the nanometer and using new trends and properties on the length scale (Basavaraj, 2012). Nanotechnology has gained use in different medical areas like cardiovascular medicine and oncology, due to the need for the growth of new medicines, using the innate nanoscale roles of the biological elements of living cells (Basavaraj, 2012). However, use of nanotechnology in medicine faces many legal and political issues, which forms the theme of discussion, in this study.

What are some Legal and Political Issues regarding Nanotechnology in Medicine?

Fiedler & Reynolds (1994), in their summary Continue reading...

Homeschooling began as a solution for kids in rural sections where it was simply easier to be home schooled than to travel to a public school. Now there more than “1.5 Million Home Schooled Students in the United States in 2007” and it is growing at roughly nine percent per year. The reasons for homeschooling are numerous; the effects on individuals and society are great, and regulations are quickly becoming a necessity. This need for regulating homeschooling is becoming more complex because laws that govern it depend on individual state law. Without regulation, the population will eventually be affected Continue reading...

Introduction

The US department of defense has published various regulations governing the conduct and action military personnel and civilians within the US itself and other installation outside the US. One of the installation under which stringent rules have been established is the US Army in Europe, (AER). Among the regulations made are the traffic rules. The Driver and Vehicle Requirements and the Installation Traffic Code for the U.S. Forces in Germany, establishes an installation traffic code governing the registration requirements and operation of motor vehicles in Europe. It supersedes the earlier AER regulation given in the year 2009. This regulation Continue reading...

The importance of financial market regulation is obvious. Typically, unmanageable markets may not yield results, economically optimal, profitable for both participants of the market and the state. In this case, investors will not make the right decisions about optimal targeted investments and it becomes difficult to reduce the risk level in the whole economy. The danger of unregularly financial market is first of all in the false expectations and great losses for the companies.
If the regulation of financial markets is maintained at the proper level then investments will be apparently stable and economic benefits will only increase. In Continue reading...

PROBLEMS IN THE REGULATION AND SUPERVISION OF INTERNATIONAL BANKS AND NONBANK FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

INTRODUCTION
The banking and non-banking financial institutes have witnessed both growth and change in the functioning practices across the globe. Many economies have suffered severe financial crisis due to the global economic recession. It has disrupted the economic activities. The risk management teams and policy makers have focused their attention towards redefining the regulation and supervision practices of international banks and non-bank financial institutions. The objectives of these practices are to ensure stability and growth in the financial practices.
This report will focus on highlighting the changes in the regulatory practices which have been implemented on both banking and Continue reading...

Elements of the Self-Determination Theory

The Self-Determination Theory proposes that autonomous motivation is distinct from controlled motivation (Gagne and Deci, 2005) where autonomy “involves acting with a sense of volition and having the experience of choice” (Gagne and Deci, 2006, p. 333) while controlled motivation involves external regulation. It proposes that uninteresting activities require extrinsic motivation; thus, making the activity externally regulated.

External regulation is the use of external factors to initiate and maintain a behavior. However, the Self-Determination Theory names another type of extrinsic motivation where the regulation of a behavior and the value that is associated with it becomes internalized. Internalization is Continue reading...

Protection of Customers’ Interests under the Terms of the Competition Act 1998

Introduction
Effective competition is considered to be the crucial factor both for protection of consumers’ interests and for business sector development. Protection of consumers’ interests is the key issue for the development of effective competition policy. Maintenance of effective competition in the UK markets is important to achieve necessary balance between prices and supply of goods.
The first part of this essay is devoted to the competition issues, detailed analysis of practical implications of the Competition Law 1998, protection of consumers’ interests, and analysis of the lawsuits with regard to the Act.
The second part of the essay relates Continue reading...

Introduction

The cardiovascular system consists of arteries, capillaries veins blood vessels and the heart. The heart delivers nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and caries waste products for elimination from the tissues (Hester & Lusha, 2012). The regulation of the cardiovascular system occurs through a complex interaction of both neural and non-neural mechanisms that aim at guaranteeing a constant internal environment (homeostasis) in organisms (Malliani 2000). The regulation of the cardiovascular system occurs through hemodynamics, through auto regulation, hormonal regulation and neural control (Khurana, 2008).
The most important of the regulatory mechanisms are closed loop reflexes like baro- reflexes, chemo reflexes Continue reading...

Need for a new mode of for regulation

The central US government does not regulate CAM matters instead individual states are mandated with the duty of regulating health and safety matters as a part of their mandate as stipulated in the constitution. As a result there are many practices adopted in different states regarding Complimentary and alternative medicine in the United States. Due to this non uniformity and the weaknesses a new regulation proposal is hereby discussed.

New Regulation

The proposal is a regulation by FDA titled ‘’draft guidance for industry on Complimentary and alternative medicine ‘’.This regulation will be instrumental in that it will help eliminate the dilemma Continue reading...

Homeschooling is complex because regulations that govern it depend on state laws, and all states have different homeschooling regulations. However, in general terms, states are divided into no notice, low regulation, moderate regulation, and high regulation states regarding the level of home school monitoring (“State Regulations Surrounding Homeschooling”). However, recent changes in the legal system indicate that states are no longer willing to trust parents and children who resort to homeschooling. A brief analysis of the amount of children in homeschooling and the parents’ motivations for homeschooling indicate that potential issues should be solved through strict regulations. Rather than Continue reading...

Introduction

Sexually explicit materials are common despite their negative impacts on the society especially in people with psychological problems and adolescent. One of the negative impacts of sexual explicit communication is that the people who view, read, or listen to the materials become law offenders. The federal government in attempts to protect the society has set some standards to regulate explicit communication (Federal Communications Commission, 2011). The laws protect the public from extra exposure to explicit materials which may derive them of their values and morals. The standards also protect the citizens from becoming oversexed as a Continue reading...

Book Report: “The Jungle” by Upton Sinclair

Upton Sinclair’s book titled “The jungle” presents the author’s visionary ideas to the American society in 1906. Sinclair’s show of the life of struggle is evident through the characters Jurgis Rudkus and Ona. The two are a family, struggling to make ends meet in the suburbs of Chicago. The author presents the suffering which immigrants undergo, especially those who do not know much of English who are forced to take on various labor jobs that are barely enough to sustain their daily expenses. Mr. Rudkus and his family stayed lowly having found a job in the Continue reading...

2. Outline the regulation from APRA in regards to credit risk for the large major banks and contrast to the regulations for smaller bank re credit risk.
The Australian Prudential Regulation Authority has established an internal rating based mechanisms to be used when approaching the bank credit risks. The regulations approaches the credit risks differently when it comes to dealing with the large major banks and the considerably smaller banks in regards to capital base. The smaller banks, which are generally less complex in terms of their operations and organization, are the pioneer implementers of the more standardized Australian Continue reading...

The prostitution legality in Europe differs from one country to another. A number of nations criminalize the act of getting involved in sexual practice for money as others permit prostitution itself although not the majority types of procuring, for instance, facilitating another person’s prostitution, running brothels, acquiring financial benefit from another person’s prostitution or even accosting. Prostitution is legitimate and regulated in eight nations in Europe including Netherlands, Austria, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Switzerland, Turkey as well as Latvia. The extent of social control of the laws of anti-prostitution also differs from one nation to another, one region Continue reading...

Introduction

Economics describes markets depending on the factors that define their competitive nature. In that respect, factors like the number of firms, their market share, market power, pricing strategies as being price leaders or price searchers as well as the ease and barriers to market entry. Therefore, markets are defined into categories of monopolistic, competitive and oligopolistic and have differences in their pricing and output decisions hence different effects and implication on the national economy. In that respect, governments tend to exercise appropriate regulation on the markets in order to achieve national objectives. In this consideration, this analysis seeks to Continue reading...

Regulation can be defined as the procedure of making rules that govern behavior. The rules can be imposed by the government, self-imposed or other bodies. Majority of regulations affect businesses and are imposed by the government because of market failure. Market failures occur when markets produce too much or too little of certain products, fail to distribute and produce products or services efficiently, imperfect competition such as market dominance and monopolies. In addition, market failures can occur in instances when the prices of goods or services do not reflect the full cost to society such as pollution. Market failure Continue reading...

The recent banking crises experienced in the United States has had a profound impact on the way in which regulation and banking in the modern era has been approached. This study will examine the positive and negative aspects of the prospect of more governmental regulation on the banking industry with a focus on evaluation of the best overall applications. With the ability to look back and assess policy, this essay will produce a credible examination of the fundamental weak points in the existing system.
Beginning with an overview of the regulation environment prior to the banking crisis in the Continue reading...

Industrialization in developed countries often has severe costs for the environment, and the quality of air is not an exception. To find a beneficial compromise between technological and industrial advancement and care for natural resources, strict and reasonable legislation is necessary. Detailed in this paper are different air quality regulations of two developed countries namely China and the United States. Although there are several similarities between the two, there are ostensible differences between them and the consequences for each country vary.
Pollution has been an increasingly pressing problem for China Continue reading...

1.0 Introduction
The current consumer regime in Australia came into effect on 1st January 2011. The sole aim of this thesis is to compare and contrast the present day consumer regime legislations and the pre-2011 ones. This is to ascertain whether the present day legislations are progressive or retrogressive. The Australian Consumer Law of 2011 (ACL) can be defined as “a national, state and territory law from 1 January 2011 and includes unfair contract terms legislation introduced on 1 July 2010’. Under this legislation, all consumers have the same entitlements and all businesses too have the same responsibilities and Continue reading...

Obesity is becoming an epidemic in America, with more than 30 per cent childhood diabetes cases today are of Type 2, a condition that is as a result of poor diet and unhealthy lifestyle (Zinczenko 154). The American fast food culture contributes to this level of obesity, as the combination of affordability, taste and convenience makes it easier for families and individuals of any income level to feed themselves on fast food. However, it should be the Continue reading...

(Student’s ID Number)

WHY IS TRUST SO IMPORTANT IN THE ADVERTISING INDUSTRY?

Advertising can basically be described as one aspect of communication that is used to persuade the audience to act in a certain way with respect to commodities or even ideas. The most common use of advertisement is to make consumers purchase a particular product or service from a company organization. However such communications that contain a political or ideological message are still common in advertising. Advertisement is normally done via the media such as radio, television, newspapers, and the internet. With the emergence of Continue reading...

Summary of Argument (Introduction)

Since the commencement of the 1990s consecutive Australian national governments (from both right and left of the political spectrum) have supervised a move in the guideline of employment relations from one based on centralised arbitrated awards to one of enterprise-bargaining(Gahan et.al,2000). The ostensible purpose of this policy was to facilitate the development of workplace-focussed systems of regulation, which were sensitive to the need for flexible production and employment systems in the context of the global economy. However, this policy was introduced only subject to certain conditions, which purported to guarantee the security Continue reading...