Essays on Jails

Abstract

The prison is being used since the people started to live in a society. It is being the necessity to obtain control over the group of people to protect the crimes by punishing the criminals. The history of jails in the US will date back to the British ruling period while it was first introduced to punish the criminals. The jails were not in a good shape on that time that caused the death of many prisoners in health issues. The jails are being reformed day by day and upgraded to the prison system that we witness in the ...

Introduction

Culture is the shared traditions, norms, values, arts, and the history shared by a certain group of people, and which is usually passed from one generation to another. These cultures may influence how these people access services and resources from professionals. Culture changes how people view the world and the role they play in the world. Culture shapes personal and group values and attitudes. This also includes perceptions regarding themselves their beliefs, myths and misconceptions (Murtha & O'Connor, 2011). Understanding culture helps professionals to avoid typecasts and any biases that may arise in their line of duty and may undermine ...

Abstract

For decades, Afro-American have been facing higher incarceration, higher poverty rate and lower income in the United States as compared to White American. In every city of U.S, Afro-American face similar problem, although such problems are worse in some part of the state. The Afro-American in the city of Miami also face problems such mental illness, poverty, poor access to health services, crimes, accidents, violence and others which impact their way of life negatively. Mental health is linked to socioeconomic status as the people who are homeless, or have the problem of substance abuse have a higher risk of ...

Abstract

The issue of how criminals are sentenced and treated is a problem within in the United States and around the world. The sentence given for a crime that is committed is not always equal from one state or region to another. Diversion programs are therefore a method that have been created to offer a second chance to first-time offenders and youthful offenders that are deemed worthy of a second chance. These programs are designed to be supervised and carried out by certified and experienced professionals at the behest of the court, and are meant to curb any and all ...

There is a lot of debate in the government and scholarly sphere when it comes to when to and how to incarcerate people. A subdivision of that argument comes down to the actual housing that a prisoner is kept in while they are in prison. One method that is used for inmates who commit certain acts, either inside of or outside of prison, is solitary confinement. While this is deemed to be a way to prevent a prisoner from being a danger to others or even himself/herself while in prison, there are many that say that solitary confinement for ...

Alternatives to Incarceration

Alternative to incarceration refers to a punishment other than involving jails or prison for an individual who is found guilty of a crime. There has been a history of alternative punishments with a special focus on past few decades. Here, it is also important to mention that juvenile are individuals that have not reached the mature age or have not grown into majors in legal terms (ACLU, 2016). So any crime committed by this category of individuals will be regarded as juvenile delinquency or juvenile crime. Several alternatives to incarceration for juvenile have been introduced over the period of ...

Abstract:

Inside West Virginia, within the state of Mt. Olive, the overcrowding of mentally ill patients is so great—even greater than those patients staying in the state psychiatric hospitals of Huntington and Westin. It has become the mental institution of Southern United States. The author of this article has experienced how it was to work within the psychiatric ward of the jails at Mt. Olive. This overcrowding, however, has affected the chances of seriously mentally ill patients of being cured from their illness, since the physical environment is very important when providing them with peace, quietness and solitude. It ...

Reference 1

Lambert, E. G., Minor, K. I., Gordon, J., Wells, J. B., and Hogan, N. L. (2016). Exploring the Correlates of Perceived Job Dangerousness Among Correctional Staff at a Maximum Security Prison. Criminal Justice Policy Review. 00 (0). DOI: 10.1177/0887403415623618. The signs of mental health disorders do not reveal themselves at work most of the time. Only in rare and isolated instances, will the potency of the problems manifest. In addition, the other correctional officers and staff might not have adequate knowledge to corroborate evidence. Hence, this peer-reviewed paper will provide the parameters for testing. The variables, components, variances, and ...

1. Define the ways in which each component (police, courts, and corrections) of the criminal justice system administers justice. Which component is most effective at meeting their goals? Police play the role of working with the public in order to enforce legal requirements and protect the privacy and liberty of individuals. In order to do this, however, police rely on the underlying cultural values and norms of the communities in which they function. Police interact with the public in order to ascertain those that are committing offenses and present these individuals to the criminal justice system for sentencing of ...

Indeterminate sentencing and parole received a fair share of criticism that led to their ultimate abandonment by some states. The sentencing system, for example, was seen to be an unnecessary burden to the tax payer through allowing prisoners to overstay their due term even after a successful change of behavior (Rikard & Rosenberg 2007). Secondly, the shifting of prisoners from one jail to another due to overcrowding in jails led to confusion over the assessment of change of behavior by prisoners since, at times, prisoners were sent to jails that could not continue the rehabilitation program they were on (Ball ...

Utilitarianism and Taxes

Taxes are an important part of most modern societies. Nevertheless, as with almost anything, one has the option of actually going through with the action or not. Some might say that not paying taxes would be acceptable, as this implies taking personal property away from one person. Nevertheless, Utilitarianists would surely agree that one should pay one’s taxes, as it would ensure that everybody’s needs are covered. According to Utilitarianists, ethics is a way to maximize the greatest amount of good among the greatest number of people, minimizing the harmful effects. Typically, taxes are not high, so ...

Annotated Bibliography

Introduction The correctional system in the United States is a complex and overcrowded problem in recent times. The staff in these facilities is often undertrained and overworked. They lack the professional experience and due to heavy attrition rates, are unable to operate any reliable mentoring programs. This gap increases the stress which exceeds the paradigm of work and invades the private lives of the correctional staff. This paper unlocks the psychological problems that fester correctional staff in the United States. Annotated Bibliography 1. Lambert, E. G., Minor, K. I., Gordon, J., Wells, J. B., and Hogan, N. L. (2016). ...

Literature Review

The paper reviews the existing literature on the efficacy of incarcerating criminals in prisons and the associated expenses that the government incurs to jail them and maintain the prisons. According to Gilgan (2015), the expenses, which are substantial, are funded by the taxes collected from the citizens. His opinion is that a prison sentence for every criminal is neither rational nor an economically viable solution for the U.S. Government. The crucial question that the paper will explore is whether using tax dollars to imprison criminals is the ideal way to utilize the money gathered, and how might they be ...

Assess the Security, technology, management and control functions within correctional environments.

Recently, the application of technology in correctional facilities has grown immensely as it assists to make prisons and jails safer. For instance, the millimetre wave imaging system has been used applied to scan visitors at these facilities. The system has proved effective because of its ability to look through an attire and sense weapons, non-metallic objects, and communication gadgets like mobile phones. The limitation of this technology is that it present the images of the body as they are making most people term it unacceptable. Moreover, most correctional facilities have implemented metal detection systems to scan both visitors and ...

The United States is a very large and complex entity filled with diverse races, cultures, ideologies, philosophies, belief systems and perspectives. That said establishing a societal structure that encourages diversity and autonomy, but also establishes standards, rules and laws that outline the nation, is no easy feat. The American criminal justice system has been praised as one of the most ethical and just in comparison with other such systems across the globe. While that may have been true many years ago, many modern thinkers and American citizens, today feel that the criminal justice system is highly flawed and is ...

Perhaps the oldest element of the criminal justice system are the courts. To be sure, it goes without saying that with the courts, the criminal justice system would cease to function (Kaci, 1998). One of the more commonly understood roles of the court in the criminal justice system is its involvement in the determination of the guilt of innocence of the defendant. In this role, the court stands a neutral referee in the contest between adversaries, namely the prosecution and the defense. In other words, the court enforces the procedural rules and regulations involved in the investigation and litigation ...

Mental Illness Among Criminals

The prison systems have been over populated by many criminals in our country. The increasing rate of prisoners who have been diagnosed with mental illness is increasing. Many criminals have either been diagnosed with mental illness before being arrested and put into prison or they were diagnosed with mental issues after being incarcerated. The inmates with mental illness while committing crimes may have done so because of their illness. The people who were incarcerated and then diagnosed could have had mental problems because of the prisons system they are now living in. It can cause inmates to become depressed, ...

This study aims to identify reasons for growth in female prison population in China and propose possible solution to the problem. One of the difficulties of this study is that little research and data is available on China’s women in prisons.

Ill

Female offenders constitute a small fraction of total number of people in China, however this number is dramatically increasing which is alarming and cannot be negotiated. According to the statistics provided by Institute for Criminal Policy Research, the percentile of female population in prisons significantly increased over last years ("China | World Prison Brief", 2016). Number of women ...

Slide 2:

In the modern world today, we face as a global culture the inclination of civil wars and political crises and displacement of peoples. The quote mentioned above refers to the displacement of people due to natural and political disasters. When these disasters transpire, individuals are typically living in sub-standard living conditions. What ends up happening as a result is that people are exposed to living conditions with lower sanitation that were seen many centuries ago. This subjects these populations to diseases that they may have not been subject to previously. In order to combat this epidemic, we have to ...

Introduction

The number of mentally ill offenders in American jails continues to grow every year. The Bureau of Justice estimates that approximately 16% of incarcerated persons have been diagnosed with active symptoms of severe mental illness, and about 75% of these people have related drugs and alcohol use disorder ("Mental Health and Criminal Justice", 2000). The presence of mentally ill defendants in the criminal justice system has significant costs on the system and harm on these defendants. It is almost impossible to care for these prison populations; thus, the mental health courts system advocates for the removal of mentally ill ...

Criminal Justice: Women in Prison

In this paperwork, I am going to discuss issues in the incarceration of women such as mental illness, pregnancy, substance use, separation of family, as well as the environment. When the term Prisons is mentioned, we automatically switch our mind to young men, since approximately ninety percent of inmates are male, according to the Federal Bureau of Prisons. It is important to note that the proportion of imprisoned women is small, but this proportion consists of hundreds of thousand women, at present, living behind bars in the United States. Currently, the number of women wedged in the criminal justice ...

Facts: Sheriff Joe Arpaio installed a number of internet connected cameras (webcams) in his jail. The cameras provided 24-hour real-time coverage of what was happening in the jails to any with internet access. The main use for the jail was to provide pre-trial detention suspects and defendants who were awaiting the resolution of their cases or other disposition. That is to say, the detainees in the jails might have been charged with an offense but had not been convicted of any crime. Arpaio’s ideas for installing the webcams was to provide the community and wider public of what ...

The rebuttal of the presumption of innocence amongst under-aged children is done in cases when a child commits a serious crime. Thus, when a child between ages 13 and 16 commits a serious crime like murder or aggravated sexual assault, such a child is charged like an adult. In spite of this, such a process leads to serious consequences for these underage offenders who are often below their formative years. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impacts of charging minors who commit serious crimes like adults. This will include the review of the implications and possibility ...

Introduction

The Massachusetts Correction Institute in Concord for men will be used as an example for this research. People in the society need to feel protected and secured in their homes. This fact is what causes the government to formulate security measures such as the correctional institutions that will be used to punish and rehabilitate criminals. In order to understand the topic of correction and punishment, it is crucial that one should be able to define their meanings. The word correction has many different meanings. However, in the criminal justice system correction is described as the rectification of one's behaviors. ...

The presence of places of deprivation of liberty is an indispensable attribute of any state, as any penitentiary system provides an isolation of the offender as one of the measures to curb their illegal activity. Therefore, the presence of prisons and educational institutions, special treatment is not something unexpected even in developed countries with a low crime rate. But do children have to suffer from this system and if so, how much ‘adult’ must they be? Each country has its own prison system, wherein the existence of certain rules and conditions of detention. Often these conditions do not meet ...

Everyone is acquainted to the notion of a teenager. In the American culture, there is the concept of a teenager, which determines the socio-demographic group of people aging from 13 to 20 years. This period of life is quite difficult for the teenagers as they are tempted by the desire to commit forbidden things and even break the law. The reasons for this may be numerous as the social group of teenagers is a complicated notion that demands special attention both from the parents and the state government. Every year juvenile delinquency increases largely and there should be observed ...

Introduction

Much debate has been around the income and bail bond system in the United States. There have been expressed concerns of inequality among detainees based on their wealth and possession. Criminal justice system in the United States is confronted with the increasing number of the incarcerated population. The focus of the paper will be on presenting the arguments why the bail bond systems do not work for low income defendants. The fairness of the criminal systems has been questioned based on the disproportionate affect the bail bond has on the poor detainees.

Bail bond system

Bail bond payment is a money payment ...

Overcrowding or overpopulation in prisons is defined as a situation when prison(s) hosts more prisoners contrary to the certified normal accommodation (CNA) as stipulated in the establishment’s requirements (Garcia & Marco, 2012, p. 37). This can be validated when there is the scarcity of rooms for inmates to sleep. Besides, the inability of facilities to offer adequate meals or food, poor health care services for inmates, insufficient staff who can care for inmates and ensure their safety as well as the lack of designated accommodation facilities necessary for detaining separately various types of prisoners, more so those that ...