Essays on Heroin

Abstract

The research paper discusses the origin and nature of methadone, including the historical aspect of its development and further commercial and scientific use. The paper also describes the pharmacology of methadone, including the route of administration of the drug, its metabolism and its mechanism of action. Next section of the paper explains the experience in medical use of methadone, as it`s a great alternative to the painkillers based on the opiates, it plays a major role in the therapy of maintaining and replacement and treating the withdrawals syndromes. The positive effects on the pregnant patients are also described Continue reading...

Though stories vary greatly from one another, good stories have similar literary elements in common which make them a good story. This essay judges James Baldwin’s story Sonny’s Blues based on this criteria of characters, setting, and point of view and conflict.
Baldwin’s story features two protagonists, Sonny and his brother and his older, protective brother. Both are from an economically disadvantaged black neighborhood. Sonny is a musician, and as do many musicians, he used drugs. The reader is introduced to Sonny when he has just gotten out of jail and is no longer using drugs, Continue reading...

The issue surrounding the legalization of marijuana is one of concern around the world. Many countries are currently assessing the move towards legalizing the drugs based on a number of recent studies that have been carried out in the field of medicine and economics. Researchers have proposed that the legalization of marijuana will not only offer medical improvements but, will also offer economic benefits to any country that seeks to legalize the drug. However, the arguments surrounding the legalizing of marijuana are strongly centered around money the government can earn and not so much on other areas.
The legalization Continue reading...

Introduction

Relationship between drug and crime
Drug abuse occurs as a result of maladaptive habits of drug use. It is manifested by recurrent and significant impact associated with repeated intake of the drugs. These problems occur repeatedly during the period of 12 months. The criteria include; harmful impacts of repeated use rather than tolerance and pattern of compulsive use. Drug abuse leads to addiction and drug dependency. The dependency raises the maladaptive pattern of substance abuse, resulting to cluster of behavioral and psychological phenomenon that develops after several drugs intakes. Drug dependency includes a strong urge to take the drug; Continue reading...

Re-uptake involves the reabsorption of neurotransmitters by any of the neurotransmitter receptors or transporters. The transporters involved are usually of pre-synaptic neurons. Re-uptake occurs after the neurotransmitter has transmitted a neural impulse. Re-uptake is very crucial in order for the normal functioning of synapses to take place. This is because it allows the neurotransmitters to be recycled, thereby regulating their levels in the synapse. This in turn dictates the length of time it takes for a signal - generated by neurotransmitter release - to last. Neurotransmitters are usually large hydrophilic molecules that cannot pass through the neuronal membranes. For Continue reading...

SLIDE 2

Opium is a strong drug, derived from the sun-dried milky juice extracted from the unripe pods of the opium poppy. Contains about 20 alkaloids. In traditional medicine, due to the high content of morphine alkaloids used as a strong painkiller. However, he quickly called drug addiction and is now used only as a raw material for medicines (morphine, codeine, papaverine, and others), as well as for the synthesis of the drug heroin.

SLIDE 3

The first mention of opium was fixed 300th year BC. Opium was used in ancient Greece, its analgesic properties were mentioned by Hippocrates. The use of opium Continue reading...

Having an addiction of any kind is dangerous. However, one kind of addiction that involves the most amount of health risk is drug addiction. Drug addiction is an ill that can rear its ugly head no matter who you are, and that is reason enough to take notice of it. Sadly though, despite what many people would like to believe, addiction to drugs is still very much a part of modern society, and the numbers surrounding the addiction are mind boggling to say the least. According to figures provided by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, around Continue reading...

J.J. Abrams’ serialized television drama LOST follows the stories of a group of survivors of a violent airplane crash on a deserted island, stuck without any hope of rescue and beholden to the mysterious forces that govern their new home. In its pilot episode, the filmmakers of LOST firmly establish the recurring theme of good vs. evil that establishes the characters’ journeys in their island setting. This is done through a combination of visual motifs, symbolism, and character moments juxtaposed through flashbacks and editing. Throughout the course of the pilot, the flaws, alignments and attitudes of the characters are Continue reading...

Question 1

The type of bloodstain evidence at the scene is a cast off pattern. According to Becker (2005), a cast-off pattern normally results in blood striking nearby surfaces such as walls, floors and ceilings. A cast-off pattern indicates that a blunt force trauma to the head. The large wound on top of the head is indicative of repeated use of the blunt force weapon on the victim.
The first step in the documentation process of the room would involve conducting an initial scan of the room to ascertain the evidence present. This would then be followed by photographing of the Continue reading...

Brief History

Controversies regarding the use of methadone have been existent over the past three decades. The use of the drug has received praise and condemnation in equal measure. The controversies have been persistent especially due to misinformation on the part of the various parties concerned; the addicts and their families, sponsors, physicians and ethnic leaders. Staff who are meant to guide addicts need to get the right information on the level of safety.
The recent past has seen an increase in the number of methadone-related deaths. This is especially so in the use of the drug in combination with other Continue reading...

Annotated Bibliography

Alexander, M. The new Jim Crow: Mass incarceration in the age of. New York: The New Press., 2010.
Alexander starts with an overview of the Jim Crow laws that promoted racial segregation where the people of color were discriminated against. He reflects on the intimidation practices by the Ku Klax Klan and they people of color were denied the right to vote among others. Although the US is over the racial discrimination and exclusion on the basis of color, but the modern day practice of discrimination is practiced in the criminal justice system. The criminal justice system has been Continue reading...

Health education is one of the most important kinds of classes that teenagers need, as their health and future both depend on their awareness of the problems drugs can cause in their lives. What should we do for teenagers not to become addicts? What are the first symptoms of teenage drug addiction? What type of drug harms in the most destructive way? Why can people suddenly die from heroin or methamphetamine? Why marijuana is the easiest and also the most dangerous drug? What is the average lifespan of a drug addict? Why is it almost not possible to recover Continue reading...

Question one:

Developmental crises that demonstrate the normal evolution and growth of human beings where dramatic changes lead to abnormal responses
Situational crises arise in the case of extraordinary and uncommon events which an individual cannot control or forecast.
Existential crises relate to the internal conflicts which are closely connected to crucial human issues like responsibility, purpose, freedom, independence and commitment (Long, 2006).
Ecosystemic crises also entail disasters caused by human beings and natural disasters. The people find themselves in such disasters without their intention.
The founders of crisis theory include Rapoport in 1967 and 1970 who categorized crises into development Continue reading...

Assignment 1: CHCAOD408B and CHCAOD411A

Assignment 1: CHCAOD408B and CHCAOD411A
1. What are you required to discuss with a client prior to an assessment?
Although the exact sequence for preparing a client for an assessment might vary across different organisations, the personal/organisational introduction should always be the first step because it allows us to engage in small talk, establish rapport, and it makes the client feel comfortable. However, in addition to establishing rapport, this phase of the meeting also serves for the purpose of observing the client’s reactions and behaviours. Examples of presenting behaviours in clients with a history of alcohol or other Continue reading...

It has been a documented phenomenon in the field of psychology that art can serve as an outlet for suffering. Olga Gonithellis, MA has written about the topic. It is not that all artists suffer, but many arts suffering can increase their “Artiness.” (Gonithellis, 1). This is a central theme of James Baldwin’s story “Sonny’s Blues.” Sonny, the protagonist in the story was from a poor black neighborhood and like many musicians in his time in place, used drugs. In the story Sonny is an ex heroin addict uses music to ease his suffering. The central question Continue reading...

This paper analyses the film Underworld: Awakening in terms of the three act structure and then compares it to two other films watched in class, namely: The Big Lebowski and American Gangster. This movie was the fourth in the Underworld sequel and was released on 20th January 2012. It was among the first films to garner more $ 100 million in revenues that year. It was the most watched of the four films in Underworld sequel. It fits well in the horror films genre but may as well fit as an action and science fiction movie.
The film begins with Continue reading...

Problem Statement/Introduction:

Prescription pain medication abuse has become an epidemic. The statistics on this form of abuse are increasing and are fatal. Prescription opioid pain medicine are being abused and are leading to more deaths than all other street illicit drugs including cocaine and heroin. Over 86% of OxyContin abusers report that they had not been prescribed the drug for medical purposes. Health care providers wrote 259 million prescriptions for painkillers in 2012, enough for every American to have a bottle of pills. In 2012, of the 41,502 drug overdose deaths in the USA, 22,114 (53%) were related to Continue reading...

Drug addiction is a major public health issue in the United States, which affects the lives of several individuals across all races and ethnic groups. The abuse of drugs in various forms takes a tremendous toll on the society, which includes health care expenditures, lost earnings and costs associated with crime and accidents. With the virtually available unlimited sources, illegal drugs are readily available to the people. The United States is the biggest market of illegal drugs in the world, which makes huge profits through organized criminal groups, gangs and terrorists. Criminal investigations through conventional investigative techniques play a Continue reading...

Chapter 15

1. What are the 2 or 3 main points presented in the chapter that are most relevant to you?
There are several different methods for treatment that depend on the person and the drug that they’re addicted to. While rehabilitation centers can help almost anyone, treatments like Methadone can only people with heroin addiction.
2. What new concepts did you learn from the chapter that you did NOT know prior to reading the chapter and/or prior to this course?
I learned that the longer the treatment, the more effective it is. I also learned that more men than Continue reading...

(Insert College/and or class)

December of 2014

Opiate abuse in the 21st century is on a huge problem, and there doesn’t seem to be much slowing down either. Opiates are derived from opium plants, and can be seen in a plethora different street and pharmaceutical drugs. Some of these include heroin, codeine, oxycotin, vicodin, methadone, and many others. Normally. People take these medications to relieve pain, and most of them are only available via a doctor prescribing them, but once a tolerance is built up to the drug internally, the individual must use higher dosages to achieve the same effects. Also, Continue reading...

Like any fatal ailment, drug abuse is also an epidemic that claims a number of our resources at state and national levels. The drug user impinges on not only himself, but also the people around him and also bears a financial burden on the government. Substance abuse costs the nation more than $484 billion each year as opposed to the cost of diabetes at $131.7 billion and the cost of cancer at 171.6 billion. According to these figures, the tax dollars that we are paying are being expanded more in the drug use problem than any other major disease. Continue reading...

Introduction

Pregnancy is associated with particular risks in women who use alcohol or drugs and this applies to both legal and illegal drugs because the fetus is connected to the blood circulation of a mother. A pregnant woman, who consumes alcohol or drugs, may have premature childbirth, abortion or even if a baby is born then he/she may suffer serious and sometimes life-long damages. Scientifically, it cannot be determined exactly at what amount and frequency of taking various drugs in pregnancy endanger a child. For pregnant women or those who want to be pregnant, there is only one piece of Continue reading...

Introduction

The topic of this paper presents a study from a sociological perspective on how the abuse of opiates affects society. The viewpoint renders its gaze from the application of conflict theory. The progression of this research paper posits its analysis through several stages. Beyond the introduction herein, the conversation moves into a bit of history, and thereafter assesses a reasoning section prior to approaching a conclusion. What is conflict theory and how may it be defined? According to the ‘Sociological Guide’ conflict theory may be defined as a collection of several ‘conflict theories,’ however the prominent one links to Continue reading...

International Drug Trafficking: The Prevalence of Economic Crimes

Introduction
Sobering are the statistics of modern-day illicit drug use; it is estimated that over 210 million people per year use illicit drugs, with 16 million of these users living in The United States alone (Levitsky 228). Annually, the annual economic and social costs to the United States total over a staggering $100 billion, and the majority of research suggests that this number is set to increase as the global trend of drug trafficking increases as well (Cox et al. 430). Consequently, the most obvious result of increased international drug trafficking is the increase of crimes that associated with Continue reading...

Abstract

The following paper analyzes three articles that deal with the effect of addicted mothers on infant development. The type of addiction that the paper concentrates on includes alcohol abuse, use of cocaine, marijuana, and heroin. Drug use during pregnancy has been on the higher rise as more young mothers engage in drug and alcohol abuse. Mothers who use non-prescribed when pregnant never realizes the dangers they expose their newborn babies to until the child is born and attains the age of five years. The paper will identify various problems analyzed in the selected articles and relate them to the Continue reading...

The Opium Poppy, also known as Papaver somniferum, grows mainly in dry & warm climates. The color of the flowers of this plant is red and purple and they mainly grow across southern Asia from Turkey through Pakistan and Laos, where the weather conditions are more favorable for their cultivation . In the US, it is mostly grown in South America. It belongs to family Papaveraceae, Genus Papaver, and species somniferum.
Some people may question the legality of opium poppy because as most people know, the drug derived from the flower is heroin. There is a process in which three months Continue reading...

Introduction

Over the past decade, drug crimes and drug abuse have garnered a lot of attention. It is estimated that every year about $110 billion is cost to the country through drug related accidental injuries and deaths, health care, criminal behaviors, dependency treatment and so on. Both the state and federal laws prohibit the manufacturing, possession, and the sale of certain controlled substances such as cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, marijuana, and ecstasy. Drug's relation to crimes is through the effects drugs make on the user's behavior by influencing him to commit violence and other illegal action connected to drug trafficking. In Continue reading...

Throughout history individuals use drugs for different reasons. The abuse of drugs has different effects on different individuals even long after using drugs. Researchers continue to experiment on the area of drug abuse, but the number of drugs in the society today, makes it difficult to ascertain the impact of every drug that is on the market. In order to understand how the different types of drugs work on an individual, one must understand the various changes that occur in different parts of the body. CNS, depressants, narcotics, tobacco, alcohol, and stimulants are some of the drugs of abuse. Continue reading...

Drug Trafficking

The illegal trade of drugs in black markets is perhaps one of the most profitable businesses globally. It involves the cultivation, processing, sale and distribution of drugs that are all subject to prohibition laws in the different countries. Trade in most jurisdictions is mostly allowed only under license through drug prohibition laws. According to reports from the United Nations, the global drug trade generated an estimated total of US $321.6 billion back in 2003 which was one of the highest in history. In the same year, the illegal trade generated a world Gross Domestic Product of US$36 trillion Continue reading...

Where do Phobias come from?

Study conducted on mice showed that phobias are genetically transmitted from one generation to the next through chemical changes that occur in DNA or through experiences from ancestors. The study was conducted on mice, which were trained to fear cherry blossoms odour by use of electric shocks prior to breeding. The offsprings developed a fear of the cherry blossom odour in spite of never experiencing them proving that the experience can be transferred genetically to the offsprings.

Christmas: a Social Anxiety Minefield

Christmas can cause anxiety in people through worry about finances, potential drunkenness, and involvement in social events. The symptoms of this anxiety Continue reading...

This paper considers the links between drug addiction and crime rates. As described by Gottfredson et al. (2008), they are “two of the most intractable social problems facing the United States.” Extensive research into the relationship between drugs and crime has produced three explanations. The first is that the use of drugs leads to criminal activity. The second is the reverse of that; i.e. that crimes lead to people using drugs. The third explanation offered is that the relationship between drugs and crime has a series of common causes. The objective of this research paper is to establish that Continue reading...

[Institution Title]

Abstract

Substance abuse and addiction have been classified as a psychological condition as based under DSM-5 classification. Substances are classified according to categories under the Controlled Substances Act of 1970, which the US Congress specifies under Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act. This paper will concentrate on the discussion of opioid use disorder and how it gradually develops to be included among the substances commonly abused. Aside from delving into the discussion of the disorder, this paper will start by tracking down the history of use of the substance opium. At the same Continue reading...

The Most Controversial & Debated Plant in the Country

INTRODUCTION
Weed, grass, bud, pot, “giggle-twig,” Kush, “greenery,” and marijuana are all names for one plant; Cannabis. Whether one has first-hand experience or not, most Americans are aware of what Cannabis looks and how it smells. However, beyond that many people cannot agree on much else concerning the uses, laws and policies of this one, single plant. Some people believe that Cannabis is a dangerous, addictive, illicit drug as equally as threatening as any other drug, like heroin and methamphetamines, also called Speed. However, there are an ever-growing number of people in this country who argue that many of Continue reading...

- Introduction
The present case study analysis is about actions of Gordon Chase who is a health services administrator under Mayor John Lindsay on the basis of various schools of ethicality and morality. The actions of Gordon Chase have been analyzed on the basis of various ethical theories and a better strategy in the light of various ethical theories have been suggested.
- Gordon Chase overstep the limits of administrative discretion.
In my opinion, Gordon Chase overstepped the limits of administrative discretion. It was a wise decision as a public admninstrator to introduce reforms to curb heroin addiction and Continue reading...

Following the death of Phillip Seymour Hoffman in February of 2014, media outlets in America and elsewhere filled with news of it. Alongside this news were claims that there was an uptick of heroin usage in the United States. Virtually all media centers seemed to point to the possibility of an uptrend in the use of heroin in contrast to that of its relatives in the opioid group. The media claimed that there were new warnings from health officials in the US of an impending confirmation on a heroin epidemic. According to some of the health officials interviewed, the Continue reading...

Based on the current situation, Robby should have a strong intervention. In his tender age of 14, his mind is not developed enough to differentiate good and bad. He cannot take rational decisions and think about the long term effects of this habit of marijuana. He requires a collective family support to understand his situation and take a decision for him and not by force.
Children in this age are going through hormonal changes and divert easily towards substance abuse by imitating friend and seniors. To target this problem more effectively, he needs separation from his current friends and Continue reading...

National Institute of Drug Abuse states that heroin falls under opioid drugs long side painkillers such as oxycontin and Vicodin. The drug is the by-product of synthesized morphine, a substance that occurs naturally through the extraction from Asian opium poppy plant seedpod. The physical appearance of the drug varies from white or brown powder to a black sticky substance. Research indicates that by 2011, 1.6 % of American population had at least tested heroin in their lifetime, 23 % of this group had become dependent on the drug.
According to National Institute of Drug Abuse, administration of heroin into the body Continue reading...

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Introduction

Heroin belongs to the opiate family, a class of drugs derived from either the flowers of the poppy plant, or from their synthetic substitutes. In heroin’s case, it is produced from morphine. This is a naturally occurring material derived from the seedpod of the poppy plants. Like numerous drugs made from opiates, heroin is incredibly a strong painkiller
Every opiate abuse, as well as heroin and several prescriptions pain relievers, carries with them a solid risk of addiction along with physical dependence. Heroin commonly appears as a white otherwise brown powder. Purest Continue reading...

Health abnormalities of various kinds possess a deep association with the underlying factors which are of genetic, biochemical and environmental origin. Affected individuals are more prone to suffer from an impaired quality of life (QOL). As a result, their management also places a significant burden on the family members and the healthcare system. Especially, health abnormalities linked with substance abuse present a challenging task. The reason is that people with substance abuse behavior either have or more vulnerable to mental health problems. There is a need to highlight this particular healthcare problem, its challenges, assessment and management with the Continue reading...

Introduction

War on drugs is an American terminology, meaning a campaign of turndown on drugs, military equipment’s and invention, with the only purpose of reducing the illegal drug trade. United States has spent large amount of financial, military and other resources on the war on drugs. The effectiveness of the war on drugs has been argued in a manner that such high expense on this war have not yet ensured elimination of illegal drugs so this war should be ended; however, the opponents view is that if this war is ended then the situation will only get worse. The Continue reading...