Essays on Corporal Punishment

Child Discipline Annotated Bibliography

Ali, R., Iqbal, S., Shahzad, S., Qadeer, M., & Umar Ali, K. (2011). Use of reinforcement practices in the educational institutions and its impacts on student motivation. International Journal of Academic Research, 3(1), 960-963.

This journal article examines the negative and positive reinforcement practices commonly used in education institutions to motivate students. Many countries have laws against corporal punishment. Therefore, education institutions are compelled to use reinforcement. The results of the study showed that the use of reinforcement is widespread, but it is more prevalent in urban schools than rural schools.

Hecker, T., Hermenau, K., Isele, D., & ...

Corporal punishment is the intentional infliction of physical pain given to students for an offence committed. It may take several forms such as hitting, slapping, pinching, kicking, slapping and use of various objects. The main objective of applying corporal punishment is intended to reform behavior. However, it has been viewed as a result of both social and collective problems. For example, corporal punishment in schools is associated with reduced quality of school life among students. On the other hand, spanking is a form of discipline used on children. Also, it takes the form of deliberate striking the bottom of students to ...

Corporal punishment, though used in many countries as a method of controlling and disciplining students, is not an effective disciplinary approach. Discipline is an essential feature of schools in the US. Many schools use different disciplinary approaches ranging from suspension, security methods, and corporal punishment among others. Research studies reveal that these discipline methods are not always successful and have to be implemented with a lot of care by those charged with administering them (Cameron, 2006). Corporal punishment is used as a disciplinary approach in schools because it is believed that it can act as a good deterrent to indiscipline because of the ...

Question 1. What is corporal punishment?

Corporal punishment means hitting or spanking with the hand or with an object like a stick or a belt, causing pain but not harm. The purpose is to bring about change in behaviour.

Question 2. How is it used to control and discipline students?

When students do not heed instructions, warnings and engage in undesirable or dangerous behaviour, they need to be controlled. Hitting and causing physical pain is an unpleasant experience for them. It is just enough to give them an idea of the unpleasantness but does not cause any serious harm. The fear of being subjected to similar and more intense unpleasant experience prevents them from misbehaving. The change is ...

History

Introduction Corporal punishment refers to the intentional infliction of physical pain with the aim of correcting or disciplining. Additionally, the corporal punishment can be administered. Many nations seem to be moving from this habit, however, some critics believe that corporal punishment should de embraced. For instance, in the United States there 19 states, which are still practicing it, while 30, have banned it completely. This essay seeks to examine the corporal punishment in the 18th, 19th centuries, and in some abolitionist circles.

Corporal Punishment in 18th Century

As a point of departure, the history of the corporal punishment dates back as early as the ...

Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

There are many responsibilities a school administrator must watch over when it comes to ensuring the safety and decent education of students. From demanding laws like search and seizure be enacted properly, to seeing that all students enjoy a separation of church and state it appears the duties of an administrator are endless. Many landmark court cases, such as Lemon v. Kurtzman, have seen their way to the Supreme Court over these and other issues in order to ensure that students receive a fair education at the hands of teachers and administrators. Fairness seems to be what is most often on the ...

I. Introduction In the United States, corporal punishment is still a contentious issue. Many different groups have done research on the subject, and the issue has been thoroughly investigated from a variety of different angles. Corporal punishment is generally considered to be acceptable in the United States, although in other countries it may be more acceptable or less. For instance, in Europe, some regions still have cultural mores that accept corporal punishment of children by their parents or guardians as acceptable; others, like the Scandinavian countries, for instance, have a nearly zero-tolerance policy insofar as corporal punishment of children is concerned ( ...

Corporal punishment has been practiced in human society since the civilizations of the ancient world, but corporal punishment is not an effective long-term strategy for modifying human behavior because it can cause developmental issues and behavioral issues in all stages of lifespan development. Corporal punishment is a significant issue for children and adolescents because they are mainly the targets of physical abuse at home or in school under the assumption that it will result in reducing misbehavior. Three types of corporal punishment include parental corporal punishment, school corporal punishment, and judicial corporal punishment. Other than the death penalty, judicial ...

Time out, banning a favorite TV show and scolding are some of the common ways parents use to discipline their children. Amongst the various possible options, research has outlined that over 90% of the parents in America, spank their children. More specifically, about one-third American families report to spank their kids between 10 and 18 months as compared to the 70% of the families who spank their children between 2 and 4 years of age (Jack 1960). Spanking being a form of corporal punishment includes slapping, smacking, grabbing and acts which use physical force in order to regulate and discipline the ...

This paper aims to argue regarding the effectiveness of corporal punishment. Students are considered the future of a nation. They are the milestone of the society; therefore, it is important to give sufficient attention to their needs and problems. Without proper development of children, it is not possible to develop the society (Zolotor pp. 229). The overall development of children and students requires cooperation of both parents and teachers. The proper development of children requires supportive peer environment, effective classroom environment, and an expressive family environment. The school environment has a significant impact on the emotional and personal development of children. ...

Corporal punishment is a methodology of punishing a person by inflicting painful experiences m or pain as retribution for a wrong action or offense committed. It is the application of physical force inflicting pain but not necessarily causing any wounds as a means of discipline. There has to be a certain degree of pain for the punishment to be classified as corporal. The corporal punishment is an effective method of correcting a child’s behavior. It stands out as the best technique to bring up young children in terms of their characters and behaviors. The practice has raised mixed reaction as to its effectiveness ...

Corporal and capital punishment were, and in many parts of the world still are, part of legal processes. Corporal punishment is a form of physical punishment that involves the purposeful infliction of pain for a crime. Capital punishment is the legal process where someone is put to death as punishment for a crime. The pain inflicted in corporal punishment can take on many forms; some examples include, paddling, whipping, flogging, and other forms resembling torture. Capital punishment on the other hand, involves the judicial sanction of killing and can be accomplished by, hanging, crucifixion, drowning, beheading, firing squad, lethal injection, and there ...

Whether corporal punishment should be applied in home, school or any other setting in punishing children has been an issue that has been widely debated. There are those who believe that this kind of punishment is a good means of offering discipline to children while others see it as a form of abuse (Coleman, Dodge, & Campbell, 2010). There are people who believe that the practice is a means of discipline and, on the other hand, there are those people who believe it is child abuse. This paper aims to discuss whether or not corporal punishment is necessary in punishing children. Corporal ...

African American vs. Caucasians

Introduction

Physical punishment refers to any form of punishment that is inflicted on the body of an individual. It is quite different from the pecuniary punishments, which have nothing to do with the physical body of an individual. Most of the physical punishments occur in two major scenarios. These include the physical chastisement with respect to an offender. This is a punitive measure for one who has committed a crime. The other aspect is corporal punishment of children. This can be utilized as a disciplinary measure in schools as well as a method by parents of a child, in an effort to instill discipline ...

Introduction

This study is aimed at evaluating the use of corporal punishment as an instrument for correcting children both by parents and teachers. The use of corporal punishment by parents is meant to instill discipline. The teachers used it to as a primary discipline method. The study also reveals the methods that can be used to eliminate corporal punishment.

The study, however, is going to deliberate itself on kids of age 1-3 years. It tries to forecast o the behavioral change of the child at later years by sampling out opinions from parents who have had kids of these ages and ...

[Professor]

Americans express different beliefs in the taboo idea of corporal punishment. Varied opinions exist in light of the said topic. Belief in using and even considering the importance of physical punishment as a method of child discipline has been an impending and resilient method throughout the generations of Americans from since the 17th century to the present. Currently, hundreds of years later, at the forefront of the 21st century, the American positivity on the use of physical punishment has been showing significant signs of decline (Gershoff, 11). Physical punishment as defined by Gershoff is the use of physical ...

There are various ways one can discipline a child and physical or corporal punishment is one of the tactics frequently employed by parents as disciplinary action. Physical punishment refers to the act of hitting a child to control undesired behavior. Spanking is one such example of physical punishment that 75% parents use in USA to discipline their wards. Spanking is an act of hitting a child's buttock openhandedly. Spanking also includes striking a child with a stick or spoon, slapping on the face and smacking a child's hand. In psychology the term reinforcement theory is often used. Reinforcement theory refers to the process of reinforcing ...

According to the National Center for Child abuse and Neglect, more than four million children in the United States are abused or mistreated each yearly. Sadly, many of these cases of abuse or mistreatment are a direct result of physical discipline at the hands of their parents. Parents should not use physical force as a form of discipline with their children. Instead of physical force, there are other more effective forms of discipline that do not result in psychological and bodily harm. The Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment for Children defines corporal punishment as “any punishment in which ...

There are various ways one can discipline a child and physical or corporal punishment is one of the tactics frequently employed by parents as disciplinary action. Physical punishment refers to the act of hitting a child to control undesired behavior. Spanking is one such example of physical punishment that 75% parents use in USA to discipline their wards. The concept of positive punishment was first used by psychologist B. F. Skinner in his theory of operant conditioning and spanking is a positive punishment because it aims at discouraging an inappropriate behavior by presenting an adverse outcome. Though there are debates galore on ...

Psychology Article Summary

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June 26,2015

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Article #1

The first summary, on the topic of the effects of corporal punishment, comes from an article in the Monitor on Psychology titled, “Journal article reignites debate over corporal punishment.” The article discusses a study done by a psychologist on corporal punishment. Psychologist Elizabeth Thompson Gershoff, PhD did a study examining the effects of corporal punishment on children, which drew significant media attention. Even in cases where no serious harm or injury is caused to the child, evidence of physical force used to control or correct behavior has been found to have negative psychological effects (Smith, 2002). ...

The discipline of children has been a growing concern for the parents and educators as well as authorities. Parents are constantly striving to shape the discipline and gender roles of their children through different initiatives. Additionally, educators and policy formulators are striving to ensure that, these gender roles are reinforced as well as learned in the schools. Different studies have indicated that, most parents in the United States and in different countries of the world do not spend much time with their children. These children are either left at home with their care takers or sent to day care facilities. ...

Introduction

Physical punishment has, for a long time, been used as a method of instilling discipline in children, especially in schools. Studies, however, show that beating schoolchildren has lots of disadvantages. In United States, paddling in schools sound like a thing in the past. It is illegal in some states but others still practice it. In this article, the author tries to inform and persuade the audience about his position regarding paddling in schools. Adam Cohen, the author, expresses his views eloquently and supports his position by facts and figures from various research studies and articles. Cohen argues that Paddling does no good ...

In today‘s society, spanking is a “primitive” way of enforcing discipline on a child. It serves to heighten negative responses towards their parents, siblings, and other people around them. Parents attempt to curb the behavioral pattern of their children by spanking them. They do this to show that they love their children, but most spanking cases result in development of hatred towards the parents. Of course, there are those parents who believe that children become fearful and adhere to the prescribed rules of the society when threatened by corporal punishment, but the reality is that spanking is not the best ...

Parents, especially mothers are the ones responsible for the upbringing of the children and maintaining order in the household. At times they are overwhelmed when they need to deal with their child’s temper tantrums in order to achieve peace in the household. It is not necessary that their methods used while dealing with such issues could be fruitful in the long term. For instance, the techniques used by Mr. and Mrs. Harsh in teaching discipline to their children and in making them obedient may be helpful for the time being however it is not teaching the children any ...

In the life of every parent there are difficult periods, age-related crises, etc. In many cases it is hard to control their own feelings for parents, and when children add to the overall unpleasant situation, it becomes especially critical. It is necessary to understand, though, that the parents’ behavior is very important for children, as they tend to imitate it and learn how things work in life by the example of their parents. Punishment is one of the important aspects of the parental behavior and it is important to understand how it can be used to get the result ...

Unfortunately, there are still many parents using physical punishment on children. Parents who spank their children believe that they are raising good kids in such way. In fact, resorting to brute force , they only prove their complete failure and inability to find a reasonable way of influence on the child. It is obvious that there are a number of reasons for which children should not be spanked in order to discipline them for a negative behavior. First of all, the most serious harm of physical punishment is that it humiliates the child, convinces him in his own powerlessness, generates cowardice and ...

- Thesis Statement: Punishment and discipline are very important during early childhood since it determines the future development and growth of a child. - Reasons for punishment/discipline during early childhood - Counterarguments on punishments/discipline during early childhood - Conclusion

Introduction

Arguably, early childhood is one of the critical stages in the growth and development of a child. As a matter of fact, the characteristics of a child at later stage depends on how a child undergoes the biological and cognitive development during early childhood. The early experiences that a child undergoes will be a determinant of the future economic participation, social lifestyle, health, as ...

In Jeff Jacoby’s essay “Bring Back Flogging”, the author suggests that prisoners’ sanctions were humiliating and painful, but quick and cheap. In the essay, Jacoby uses emotional appeals, trying to persuade the audience that bringing flogging back is not a bad idea; in fact, it is more humane than cages. For example, he mentions that, “now we practice a more enlightened, more humane way of disciplining wrongdoers: we lock them up in cages,” which encourages readers to fell that prisoners are caged like animals without mercy. To illustrate, Jacoby emphasizes that prison is becoming an all- purpose punishment. For instance, ...

Spanking involves hitting a minor’s buttock with an open hand to cause pain without causing physical injury. Spanking a child leads to physical and emotional abuse in the long-term though it starts as a disciplinary action, children who get spanked at home are also likely to be violent with their peers and develop antisocial behaviors (Corporal punishment study, video#1). I agree that spanking leads to child abuse because; spanking is only a short-term disciplinary action, a children develop resilience to spanking and with time the parent feel the need to hit harder which leads to physical abuse, children who get spanked are also ...

Introduction

As we all well know, the jails are becoming more and more crowded with each passing month, and it has gotten to the point where putting a criminal in jail is not an option anymore. Ultimately, judges as well as other officials are aware of the limited capacity of the jails not just in their jurisdiction, but in others outside of their own as well. Some criminals or even first time offenders feel relieved at the fact that they can get away with murder, and no one can stop them. If they are stopped then they are instead let go, ...

There have been many emergences of intense intolerance in the twentieth century. The most infamous of these being the atrocities of Nazi Germany, where the aim was to eradicate a group of people for thinking differently. Trying to explain these occurrences, one may take into account the fact that people are inherently different. Nothing can collect humans as a whole, even though there is a tendency to believe that they may be grouped. To fill this void, Western civilization has developed a discriminative and superior core, seen in many of its cultural expressions. These cultural coordinates lead to intolerance both of the self ...

Parenting is one of the most difficult things that an individual can take on in their lifetime; it is an enormous responsibility, and when someone who is unready, incapable, or unwilling to fulfill the role of parent, the child and society often suffer the most as a result. However, some people do want to be good parents, but are unsure of the best way to parent their children. When parents are unsure of themselves, they can sometimes make parenting decisions that result in a lack of discipline and structure for the child. Children who are undisciplined may be good, attentive children, ...

Corrections serve an important role in criminal justice. They implement the punishment meted to offenders. The structure and design vary depending on the ideals and purposes a jurisdiction espouses. For instance, a jurisdiction that emphasizes rehabilitation will have a different system to a jurisdiction that emphasizes justice (Mays and Winfree, 2009). Accordingly, the history of a jurisdiction plays a role in determining the design and efficiency of corrections. Documentation of the history of corrections in the U.S dates back to the colonial era. British colonialists imported the corrections systems that were prevalent in England. The American colonists however slightly modified the system; emphasizing more ...

Introduction

Humans are peculiar creatures endowed with ability to think, reason, socialize, and make rational and logical decisions. This aspect differentiates human beings from other animal species living in the universe. Unlike animals, human beings have formulated and enacted laws that guide their daily activities. Nations across the globe have formulated and enacted criminal laws through the act of parliament with the aim of maintaining status quo and social order (Engdahl, 2010). Although criminal laws differ across nations, they remain effective in deterring crime; promote coexistence and unity among the people. Under the provisions of the constitution, members of the ...

Criminal justice systems in Japan

Over the past two decades, the Japanese legal system has been pictured as one of the slowest and ineffective criminal justice systems in all around the world. The system is known to discourage personal cases suing the government or massive commercial enterprises. The system is affected by outdated traditions where criminal cases are perceived as embarrassing. Therefore, most cases are handled traditionally through such methods as negotiations and cases only proceed to court if the parties were unable to reach an agreement. This method is referred to as the comparative justice system. The intent of this thesis is to ...

Capital punishment uses death penalty as a form of punishment in many states and countries. It is a practice that has raised endless questions all over the world. Capital punishment or death penalty policy has changed in many countries overtime. Countries such as, New Australia, Zealand and 15 states in the US do not have capital punishment. One of the major concerns arising with capital punishment is because it causes ending of a human life. People and organizations of different backgrounds are not pleased with the practice because it undermines humanity. Society being mixed of different people there are different opinions. Some ...

The enslavement of African people is a dark period in American history. It was a system in which individuals were treated as they were property, and of a lesser status, because they were foreign and of a different color. Slavery so profoundly affected the nation and the two colliding cultures that racism still runs deep in America today because of it. Many Americans today brush off the idea of slavery, believe that it is in the past and does not matter. However, it still matters very much to a large portion of the country, and is still an important part of the country’s ...

The enslavement of African people is a dark period in American history. It was a system in which individuals were treated as they were property, and of a lesser status, because they were foreign and of a different color. Slavery so profoundly affected the nation and the two colliding cultures that racism still runs deep in America today because of it. Many Americans today brush off the idea of slavery, believe that it is in the past and does not matter. However, it still matters very much to a large portion of the country, and is still an important part of the country’s ...

Modern culture is so saturated in satire that it is difficult to find works that pursue the authentic and the sincere. Once works like 1984 and Brave New World opened the floodgates of cynicism and skepticism that the events of the two World Wars made to seem the proper perspective. Today, works like The Onion make satire a part of the culture. Popular programs such as Saturday Night Live and Conan live off satire, which means that members of modern culture look at life with a half-satiric eye. In the time of the first modern satirists, such as Voltaire and Jonathan ...

Several people are incarcerated in the United States prisons as well as several other correction facilities in the world. The number of prisoners is in fact increasing as activities that are more criminal continue to be reported. Even so, every person deserves equal treatment notwithstanding where he or she lives, or where he or she is staying. This has brought about the ethical concern that should prisoners be treated like other population outside custody? This ethical concern has elicited several views from different stakeholders including the prisoners, the prison authorities, and several interest groups. The ethics of caring for ...

History of Law Enforcement

History has proved that safety is vital for the prosperity of a society. Law enforcement is associated with every part of life. Health, education, wealth are all affected by the good or bad security. Early man realized this in time and this was the birth of law enforcement. Law enforcement existed in many traditional communities even before civilization. Numerous traditional communities had a crude form of law enforcement. This policing was aimed at maintaining morals and protecting the community from their enemies. The law enforcement was guided by religious beliefs and general community law. This was important since it is in ...

Introduction

Many a times parents do not realize that their attitudes towards their children is affecting them seriously, which results in impulsive and irrational behavior leading to dangerous consequences. The difference in adolescent behavior can be observed but without the knowledge of the reasons as to why such behaviors are escalating, both parents and teachers are unable to solve them. Hence it is important to study the reasons of such behaviors so that we understand how these individual differences affect children and be able to manage such erupting behavior problems. Moreover, it is important to identify children and parents who ...

In man’s everyday life, reinforcement is absolutely vital. In psychology, this reinforcement refers to anything that strengthens or adds to the probability of a certain action to take place. This is very evident in human relationships ranging from family to office or corporate relationships. For example, a child who is still growing up needs to be reinforced by the parents so that he/she would have a proper behavior in life. In terms of corporate setting, the managers and bosses need to reinforce their subordinates and other employees so that these individuals may know what to do and may act accordingly. Now ...

How do parents discipline their children in public places and how do they keep their children from misbehaving through violent means

This essay aims to look at the different techniques used by parents to discipline their children. The multiple reasons that are used and the number of situations that are examined to look into the different techniques are explored too. Why parents attempt to use harsh means to change behavior is discussed in detail.

Observe how parents discipline their children in a public place. How frequently do parents use physical punishment to discipline their children? In what situations?! Try to ...

A Disciplinary Measure or a Threat to Children?

Discipline is one of the basic things a child learns from his parents before he or she faces the outside world to learn more about life as a whole. Teaching this trait can depend on how the parent shows it to their child and how they explain the importance of having this trait both in and out of their homes. Misbehaving children cannot be avoided as they are curious little beings and they have a tendency to explore. But there are some parents, even teachers, who do not tolerate misbehaving and they resort to corporal punishments such as spanking to make sure ...