Essays on Behaviour

Applied behaviour analysis and animal behaviour

According to (Bekoff, 2013), behaviour analysis refers to a scientific approach that helps an individual to understand why animal and people do and behave the way they do. After studying behaviour analysis an individual develops the capacity to understand how both human beings as well as animal’s behaviours are affected by the various events that take place. This includes the event that are there in their physical and their social environments. Teacher’s researchers and parents make use of behaviour analysis to tell how the physical and social environment impacts on behaviour change.
The study of behaviour analysis Continue reading...

Human behaviour is a complex topic because it is determined by various biological, social, and psychological factors. Depending on the factors influencing behaviour, a human being may act in a certain way without knowing why they had acted in such a manner. In Brain on Trial, David Eagleman explains the relationship that exists between neuroscience and criminal acts, and how this information can be used to build a better society with a justice system that is not ignorant of the facts of advances in brain science (121-123). This information can better equip those in the justice system to understand Continue reading...

Predictors of Sexual Risk Taking Behaviour among Adolescents in the U.S.A

Abstract

This study sought to determine the predictors of sexual risk taking behaviour among adolescents in the U.S.A. Based on theory and previous studies this study identified three predictors which informed the research questions and hypothesis for the study; knowledge of HIV/AIDS, attitude towards avoiding sexually risky behaviours and adolescent egocentrism. Three hypotheses were developed. First, knowledge of HIV/AIDS predicts the sexual risk taking behaviour of adolescents. Secondly, attitude towards avoiding risky behaviour predicts the sexual risk taking behaviour of adolescents. Thirdly, adolescent egocentrism predicts the sexual risk taking Continue reading...

For a society to be complete, it must be comprised of people of diverse ages. The importance of having a society comprised of people of diverse ages is that this ensures continuity of that particular society or community. Put differently, the members of the society are sure that their community will continue in existence as the young people in that society will come of age and the cycle continues. To that extent, children are a key component of society. They are important because they are the future of the society. Without children, such a society runs the risk of Continue reading...

Human behaviour is one of the most studied subjects in the world today. The complexity of human behaviour has elicited a colossal amount of research by psychologists seeking to understand some of the behavioral trends exhibited by human beings. Consequently, these psychologists have advanced several theories that explain some of the fundamental aspects of human behaviour. Behaviorism is primarily concerned with observable human behaviour. Theories of behaviorism emphasize behavioral changes that result from a stimulus-response association that is made by a learner. The proponents of this theory regard all human behaviour as a sort of response to natural stimuli ( Continue reading...

Psychology: Luxury Goods

Psychology: Luxury Goods

Executive Summary

Luxury products is a niche segment of marketing and is not focussed not pricing strategy alone. To effectively market these products, it is important to understand the psychology of today’s youth towards these products. The paper reviews the article “The behaviour of the young towards luxury products” written by Allérès in 1999, in the context of understanding consumer behaviour.
The review of the article establishes three points. First, the young people do aspire for luxury products. Second, the youth is familiar with luxury products and effortlessly recall names of the famous luxury brands. Continue reading...

Introduction

Pragmatically, the deviant behaviour of white-collar criminals provides students of sociology a different exploration of how human nature works in clandestine operations in plain view. Society, at least superficially does not suspect a so-called white-collar individual of criminal behaviour in general, as stereotypes tend to lead people’s thoughts in the direction one way or another. While, the dishevelled, unkempt, anti-social “looking” individual exists as suspect of deviant behaviour by his/her mere appearance including labelled as a criminal in some regards, the white collar individual stands in society appearance wise as an upstanding citizen (Goode 2008).

Historically, the concept of white collar is not so new:

Edwin Sutherland created Continue reading...

Introduction

Maladaptive behaviours that are notable amongst individuals of various ages and genders, ranging from preschool to third grade remains to be a topic of interest across different contexts. This is perhaps the main reason as to why various researches have and continue to lay significant emphasis on the most adequate interventions that could address maladaptive behaviours. The main point of concern regarding maladaptive behaviours amongst preschool up to third grade students align with the implications of such behaviours. Maladaptive behaviours result in a loss of the requisite academic skills that assist students in school and beyond. Maladaptive behaviours primarily Continue reading...

I. Conceptual Overview
a. Market oriented definition
The market is software development oriented. Major product users are individuals, corporations and institutions that find software essential in their day-to-day activities.
b. Product description
The product is a wireless internet gadget. It is developed for multi- use and thus operates effectively with other products. The product enables users to explore the benefits associated with wireless technology. It targets the wireless internet users.
c. Customers
i. Factors influencing behaviour
Customers’ behaviour revolves around the selection, purchase and usage of the product offered to the market for the satisfaction of their wants and Continue reading...

Practicum and Application

Identifying the Challenging Behaviour
- The initial stage will be the establishment of the fact that indeed the student exhibits challenging behaviour. This will require an observation of a period of at least one week and will extend to activities that the student undertakes not only in the classroom but also outside the classroom.
- The background from which the student comes from will also be investigated in an attempt to draw up the most effective plan for dealing with the challenging behaviour exhibited. The family background, its composition and economic status will be evaluated so that it is Continue reading...

Behaviour reduction techniques

In psychology there are many techniques that have been suggested that can be use in behaviour change or behaviour reduction. Among the techniques that have been suggested is use of aversive technique in behaviour reduction. Aversive technique with regard to behaviour reduction entails use of negative form of punishment to induce a change in the behaviours of an individual. Proponent of this technique of behaviour reduction has suggested that when the technique is applied immediately the unwanted behaviour occurs there is probability that the unwanted behaviour may not occur again.
Aversive technique may take simple forms for instance an Continue reading...

Question 1

Every society is characterized by both formal and informal rules, controls and restrictions that usually constrain people to that society’s social norms. However, in spite of these social sanctions or controls, some individuals tend to deviate and engage in what is referred to as deviant behaviour.
Deviant behaviour normally comprises of behaviour that differs or fluctuates from the values and norms of wider society. Individuals are presumed to engage in deviant behaviour when they act or dress in ways that are contrary to the norms and values of their immediate society (Adler and Adler 2012). A group of Continue reading...

[University Affiliation]

Introduction

Though the behaviour of consumers is dependent on different factors, the cultural dimensions appear to have considerable impact on the decision making process of people. As the beliefs, values, perceptions, morals, principles, customs, etc are derived from culture, the consumer behaviour or buying patterns are expected to have strong influences on the different dimensions of culture. According to Marsiglia (2010, p. 1) the “cultural value systems” seems to substantially influence the activities of individuals and so people from different cultural backgrounds or nationalities show variations in their buying behaviour. Consumers from similar cultural background seem to display Continue reading...

It has been tradition in many urban centers in the UK for law enforcement agents to give low attention to anti social behaviors among the society members. The law enforcement officers have primarily directed their efforts to issues that they consider to be against the law or that are “real crime”. What they fail to realize is that anti social behaviors such as drug dealing, illegal drug taking, bullying of vulnerable families, graffiti, littering and breaking windows bring about great discomfort to the society and significantly affects the society’s way of life. According to research statistics, the police Continue reading...

Workplace behaviour is a common topic of modern psychological studies behaviour within an organisation is an important aspect of human psychological functioning. Work psychology is mainly concerned with several relationships, but the main issues are the relationship between the individual and the individual’s work and the relationships among the members of an organisation (J. Arnold et al., 2005). Other areas of interest for work psychology are personnel selection, education, performance appraisals, organisational development, personal development, workplace safety, and motivation (J. Arnold et al., 2005). Despite the amount of different factors that define workplace behaviour, knowing leadership skills, employee Continue reading...

Juvenile Justice in Queensland

The Juvenile Justice and Other Acts Amendment Act 2009 reviewed the previous Queensland's Juvenile Justice Act 1992. Besides renaming it Youth Justice Act (YJA) 1992, the government proposed several amendments to improve the justice system in Queensland. However, those same amendments are justified only by media statements that predict forever-rising crime rates and their prevalence against the justice system which is always described as too soft or inefficient. Unlike media depictions, scientific research presents the complexity of factors that are the actual underlying causes of criminal behaviour. Because those factors originate from a variety of sources, scientific research suggests Continue reading...

THE HEALTH BEHAVIOURS OF THEIR PEERS

Sociology
Abstract
The research evaluated the perceptions of students in health related undergraduate programs towards the activities of their peers like smoking and alcohol use that risk health. Studies have shown that students in health-related subject areas observe the risky behaviors of their peers and those observations affect the perceptions they have about their own health (Zhang, 2011; Ridder et al., 2010). The purpose of this qualitative research was to examine emerging themes and develop a deep knowledge about the health related practices and the perceptions (Seidman 2013).
A phenomenological methodology was used in order to identify and evaluate Continue reading...

ABSTRACT:

This paper applies the method of subjective personal introspection to the analysis of my buying behaviour as a postmodern consumer, which is unpredictable consumer. The research looks to different types of product and concerns decision making processes and purchases involvement, individual influences, group influence, loyalty and deriving value from a product. This focus emphasizes on the various factors and dimensions that influence customers choices. In sum, overall, the aim of the paper is to demonstrate that buying behaviour is a useful framework that could further the implication of SPI to discern the buying behaviour of postmodern consumer.
According to Continue reading...

The Pinkie Campaign (No Speeding)

Speeding in highways has become one of the most common vices in the society today. It has caused the death of a lot of people most of them being you people. According to a survey that was conducted between 2002 and 2006, more than 34% of the total accidents were caused by drivers who were aged between 17 years and 24 years (Tay 2002). Out of the total, it was found that only 17% of them had legal license holders. This prompted the government to come up with a campaign that was dubbed ‘The Pinkie Campaign’. The main aim Continue reading...

School and Classroom Processes:

Whilst researching Attention Hyperactive Deficit Disorder (ADHD), if one thing is immediately clear, it is that the ADHD child needs allowances to be made for their behaviour whilst in the classroom. ADHD is a diagnosis of the American Psychiatric Association and lists symptoms as including inattentiveness, impulsiveness and hyperactivity that are extreme enough to interfere with an individual’s day to day existence. (Lewis & Norwich, p125, 2005) The disorder is known to affect approximately 18,168 of the Hong Kong population, most of whom are male children. (Wrong Diagnosis, 2011) ADHD comes under the heading Continue reading...

The basis of psychology from a behavioural standpoint comes down to how an individual thinks, acts, and is perceived by society (HubPages, 2012). There is immense influence of effect of society and social influences on human behaviour. Not only do human interactions affect human behaviour significantly, the latter is also influenced by social situations. People tend to act differently in different situations, relationship and context. Also, society stipulates norms, imposes sanctions and expects certain behaviour from people. Deviation from societal norms can lead to social outcasts, which necessitates people to follow these informal rules. People tend to behave in way that gains them acceptance in their society. Thus, the way societal interactions influences behaviour of individuals is an intriguing area of study. It is important to investigate into the relationship between behaviour and social influence. Continue reading...

Place

Part 1
Man is a social being. His behaviour and actions have an impact on the society in which he lives. The behaviour of an individual should thus be in coherence with the accepted norms of the society. Every individual behaves in a particular manner based on his mental development and his perception of the environment in which he lives. Accordingly, the cognitive development of every individual is unique. This cognition in turn influences his various skills that govern his interaction with the society. Psychology plays a pivotal role in determining how a person thinks, behaves and what triggers Continue reading...

AN APPLICATION OF CANTER’S BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT CYCLE

Rob’s Case: An Application of Canter’s Behaviour Management Cycle

Mrs. Greenfields has been teaching in the primary school for the past six years. She has experienced different challenges and tough moments with the children. As in any good classroom management, she knew that children’s disruptive behaviours are most often external manifestations of a deeper problem. Mrs. Greenfields has grown wise in her teaching profession to realize that she must not easily jump into conclusions whenever she encounters misbehaving children.

Here begins Mrs. Greenfield’s journey of inquiring into the case of Rob, an 8-year-old boy who Continue reading...

Assuming that everyone in their life is capable of committing crime, but also that crime is not an innate human characteristic you have no other option but to accept that criminal behaviour is something that is learned through processes of social interactions with others. This process goes on indefinitely, it can happen at any time, someone could watch a crime program and just decide to go out and rob a bank. But this process starts at an early age and with the uk youth crime rate rising can we prevent the spread of youth crime by identifying some of Continue reading...

Introduction

Over the years, psychology has become an important science, alongside more traditional sciences such as chemistry and physics. According to the American Psychological Association (2011), psychology is:
“the study of the mind and behavior. The discipline embraces all aspects of the human experience — from the functions of the brain to the actions of nations, from child development to care for the aged. In every conceivable setting from scientific research centers to mental health care services, "the understanding of behavior" is the enterprise of psychologists” (Support Centre, 2011).

There are various approaches to psychology, namely behavioural, cognitive, Continue reading...

Introduction

Over the years, psychology has become an important science, alongside more traditional sciences such as chemistry and physics. Psychology is “the study of the mind and behavior. The discipline embraces all aspects of the human experience — from the functions of the brain to the actions of nations, from child development to care for the aged. In every conceivable setting from scientific research centers to mental health care services, "the understanding of behavior" is the enterprise of psychologists” (APA).

There are various approaches to psychology, namely behavioural, cognitive, humanist, psychoanalytic and biological. The approaches vary widely, and Continue reading...

Abstract

Juvenile Delinquency is considered as a growing a trend in criminology. More young adults aged between 18-24 are being arrested for various crimes from theft and burglary to drug trafficking, rape and murder. Several theories and programs have been published for preventing and understanding the causes of this behaviour.
Most of the studies and theories on crime and causes of delinquent behaviour is associated with the family, background, surroundings and early life experiences of a person. Some more focused theories advocate that the delinquent or criminal behaviour is also provoked by racial or ethnic biasness, education imbalance or cultural Continue reading...

1. What can current managers learn from the Zimbardo experiment? (Search Zimbardo experiment on Google, its prison experiment).
1. 2 dozen healthy, normal, male volunteers were randomly divided into either prisoners or guards. Guards were dressed in symbols of authority and given instructions to refer to “prisoners” by numbers only so as to dehumanise them
2. The “prisoners” were picked up at home by real cops, brought into the mock prison, fingerprinted and in all ways were treated like real prisoners
3. Both prisoners and guards exhibited “expected” behaviour. The guards being controlling, dominating and extremely sadistic and the Continue reading...

Introduction

In this essay, the studying consumer behaviour important for a marketer has been thoroughly discussed. As there is an intrinsic link between a marketer and consumer behaviour, it is an imperative for marketers to grasp this key concept. Marketers need to study consumer behaviour to understand how individuals or organizations the make decision to select, consume and dispose of products and services which satisfy their needs. Consumer behaviour has an immense impact on the business organization selling products or services (Neal et.al, 2004, p.7).

Discussion

Studying consumer behaviour is important for a marketer as each consumer is unique and posses Continue reading...

Abstract

Shaping is the process used to develop a terminal behaviour through reinforcing its successive approximations systematically and differentially. Successive approximations refer to the building blocks of the eventual behaviour. Shaping is applied in various contexts that can range from using shaping to teach children how to use contact lenses, how behaviour analysis can influence people with intellectual disabilities. Also, it used to study the performance track of athletes, and how to eliminate autism in children. Moreover, shaping is also applicable in helping people quit smoking and teach self-initiated toileting among children. The authors provide various agreements to advance their Continue reading...

Introduction

Verbal behaviour focuses on the human behaviour that comprises of linguistics, speech or language. Verbal behaviour is controlled by the same variables as the other operant behaviour. It can be divided into verbal behaviour that is mediated by nature and verbal behaviour that is mediated by other people. A mand is a verbal behaviour that is typically a command or a demand. A mand is a motivating operator in which response is specified by the characteristic reinforcement. Mands as a verbal behaviour are not necessarily required to be vocal. In order to establish a good verbal behaviour, a person Continue reading...

Farmingville/ Social work

Introduction
The world is evolving economically and socially as people try to adjust to the increase population and cultural changes. Farmingville is an example of the areas that give a proper reflection of the situation the world is undergoing. The community is undergoing constant change and the dynamic society has to adjust to these changes. Many people in the society are trying to make ends meet in tough situations. The situation at Farmingville can be explained using the human behaviour theories. The theories can be directly linked to the day to day problems and experiences of the people of Continue reading...

Psychology:

We have heard the saying that Children are our future; young children are the future of any nation. While this is true it is equally true that what we are as children affects our adulthood. What we experience, feel and give vent to as children go a long way into defining our behaviour as adults. When we move and evaluate this point from a more psychological point of view and as a study in behavioural psychology, we see that the same experiences can manifest as disruptive behaviour. In the study of psychology, disorders in children are studied from the Continue reading...

Psychology of Health and Illness

INTRODUCTION
This paper is dedicated to the study of most popular approaches in the social psychology and their application to a real-life situation. Approaches that will be considered are: biological, cognitive, behaviourist, humanistic and psychodynamic. The latter two will be used to analyse the situation. The term of psychology will be also described along with its relevance in the nursing practice. In particular, the ways in which psychological principles can be realised in practice will be shown.
Psychology is the science dedicated to the laws of the development and functioning of the psyche as a special form of life. Continue reading...

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Introduction
An obsession is a thought that recurs despite all efforts to forget or curb it. A compulsion is an extremely strong and uncontrollable urge to perform an action. The term obsessive compulsive has often been used to describe an extremely meticulous person or a perfectionist. Such people are often fixated on certain ideas or actions. For example they may be religious fanatics or they may want their things kept in a particular order. You may find them continually arranging things on the mantel or shelf or making sure the door is closed. In fact this a psychological disorder Continue reading...

The 21st century criminal justice system is dynamic. This is because it demands for a certain way of doing things. Any failure to abide by the prescribed way of doing things by whichever agency involved in the criminal justice system will almost inevitably lead to a severe backlash from various stakeholders. Ethics and professional behaviour are perhaps the two most important requirements for any effective criminal justice system. They are especially important in the administration of criminal justice. Individuals who are tasked with the administration of criminal justice thus have an obligation to uphold high ethical standards. In addition, Continue reading...

The scope of this review shall be limited to pet therapy as a form of therapy for Alzheimer’s disease. Pet therapy or animal assisted therapy has been recommended for the treatment of dementia which is one of hallmark symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. It entails bringing animals and humans together aimed at manipulating the social environment of the patient therefore triggering behavioural changes. This review shall review five articles on the subject of pet therapy focusing on the strengths and weaknesses of the methods used to conduct the study and possible improvements that could be made based on Continue reading...

What are the perceptions of students in health-related undergraduate programs of the health behaviours of their peers (e.g. alcohol consumption, smoking) ?
Undergraduate students taking courses related to human health have various perceptions of the behavior that may affect their health, if this behavior is exhibited by their peers (Zhang, 2011, n.p.). Ridder, Heuvelmans, Visscher, Seidell, & Renders (2010) argue that there is a relationship between the actual behaviours reported about students and perceived behaviour by the medical students in Netherlands. The authors used a sample of 1608 students issued with questionnaires regarding the number of students engaged in alcohol Continue reading...

Question 1

According to Degher and Hughes, the Identity Change process takes place via four processes. These four steps are the Initial status, recognizing, placing and the new status. The identity change process treats the identity change process from a career point of view. It therefore addresses both external and internal features of this identity change process. According to Hughes and Decker, the new status adoption process mainly occurs through two sequential cognitive or internal processes. First is the recognition. Here the individual makes a realization that his current status or condition is inappropriate. For instance, an individual realizes that he Continue reading...

Introduction to Leadership style and virtues

There are various approaches related to the leadership style and virtue, and this is a widely studied subject as it majorly impacts not only the decision-making process but also the employee relations, corporate performance and image of the company in the market. Although there are various studies conducted in order to study the behaviour, the leadership styles are one of the most important topics considering the impact of the same. There are two major aspects of leadership's which will be studied, and there are major other factors related to the same which can be extremely subjective in nature and Continue reading...