Essays on Human Evolution

Annotated Bibliography4

Introduction5 Literature Review..6 Conclusion....11 References..12 Abstract Negative (opposing or intimidating) events arouse robust and speedy physiological, rational, emotive, and social reactions. This organization of the organism is accompanied by physical, cognitive, and interactive results that diminish, lessen, and even wipe out the influence of that incident. This array of mobilization-minimization seems to be bigger for undesirable events than for unbiased or positive happenings. Hypothetical explanations of this response form are reviewed in this paper. Further, it will give a verdict on whether negative bias has been helpful or harmful to the process of human evolution. It is established that ...

Human beings are unique in their quest to understand the origin of life, and the urge rationalize nature and the world that surrounds them. We have developed various disciplines to better understand the natural world around us (Physics, Mathematics, Chemistry, Biology) and ourselves (Psychology, Physiology etc.). Anthropology is a discipline that tries to understand what it means to be human by looking at biological, evolutionary, cultural, and linguistic aspects. The word “Anthropology” is derived from Greek “Anthropos” meaning human and “Logos” meaning word(Lewis, Jurmain, & Kilgore, 2012). There are four major subfields of anthropology viz., biological, archeological, linguistic and ...

Abstract

Technological development has been part of human being evolution and development since way back. Attempts to measuring technological development led theorist like Gerhard Lenski, Leslie white, and Alvin Toffler to develop arguments expounding on the discourse of technological development in relation to human evolution. Various aspects have played important roles in the development and progress of technology. As such, the article is going to examine three important aspects namely energy and information which have played important roles in the evolution and progress of technology for ages. Through the lenses of these theorist arguments, we will compare and contrast the ...

DNA in Forensic Science

Forensic Science deals with investigations of suspects or criminals in crime scenes legally. In most cases, there are usually a lot of people involved in crime scenes. Some of them being innocent while some are the criminals. Also, there may be one criminal involved in an incidence. In Forensic Science, DNA is used to differentiate the individuals so that the criminal among them can be known. Additionally, DNA analysis is performed in the paternity testing. It enables the determination of a parent or parents of a child. DNA analysis is now being regarded as scientific evidence ("Application of forensic ...

Francis Fukuyama was a famous political scientist for his book known as the ‘End of History’ as well as his new book ‘The Origins of Political Order: From Prehuman times to French Revolution.’ The book ‘Origins of Political Order’ focuses on political evolution by starting with the human evolution and how it has changed the political system to modernity. The author, Fukuyama appears to relate the two books in which the theme of political systems and evolution plays a major role. The societies and theories of leadership determine the type of leadership for many nations. According to the Fukuyama, ...

[Class Title] The human species is believed to have come from hominids, a member of the primate family where the human species is believed to have originated from after a lengthy process of evolution. The Anne and Bernard Spitzer Hall of Human Origins present this unique history of human evolution through fossils. The exhibition covers millions of years of human evolution presented through innovative displays. One of its notable exhibits is the famous ‘Lucy’ skeleton, which was unearthed in Ethiopia by a joint American and French paleoanthropologist team sometime in 1974. The museum also showed partial skulls of the ‘ ...

The gradual change in human structure, genetic composition, and anatomy over a period of time is called human evolution. The process of evolution dates back to six million years ago when the ancestors of modern human beings underwent simultaneous and gradual body changes. These changes were passed from one generation to another coupled with modifications. Modifications in genetic structure come by as a result of adaptations. Organisms usually undergo adaptations to help them reproduce or survive certain conditions in their habitat. Individuals inherit the most desirable characteristics from their ancestors that enable them survive and reproduce successfully. Those who ...

Anthropology is the study of humankind throughout history. There are currently four subfields of anthropology (1) cultural anthropology which is the study of human behavior and cultural patterns within a society (2) physical anthropology is the study of humans as biological specimen (3) linguistics refers to the study of human language and how it has evolved throughout history. This includes the grammar and syntax used, and the relationship between culture and language (4) archaeology is the study of materials such animal and human remains, artifacts, and plants. This paper will be looking at Archaeology. Archaeology looks at materials found ...

The fossil record of hominids provides evidence for evolutionary processes that ultimately defined and shaped humanity. The record documents the emergence of bipedalism, the origin of the genus Homo, the initial utilization of tools made of stone, the gradual increase in brain size, the appearance of the present-day humans or Homo sapiens, and the development of advanced tools and cultural values. According to the National Research Council (2010), the evolutionary events described in geological records coincided with significant changes in Eurasian and African climate. Hence, they raise the possibility that past environmental features controlled or affected major junctures in ...

Abrigo do Lagar Velho is a rock-shelter in the Portuguese valley that is famous for the stratigraphic range of the Upper Paleolithic human occupations within that area.

Absolute dating technique (chronometric dating) refers to the process of revealing the age on a certain time scale.

Acclimatization is the response of an organism to a gradual change in environmental conditions by adjusting and sustaining within these changes. Acheulian (Acheulean) is a tool made of stone that had round cutting edges and was used during the Lower Palaeolithic era.

Adolescent growth spurt refers to the sharp growth in height and weight rates t during adolescence.

Aegyptopithecus refers to the extinct primate of the Oligocene Period, resembling a modern-day lemur, whose fossils were found in Egypt. Afar Triangle is the region that is part of the ...

Describe which general fossil primate groups appear and radiate during the following geological epochs: Eocene, Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene. For each of the geological epochs, identify the general primate group that first appears and radiates during that epoch. In addition, give the time range in millions of years for each epoch and provide at least one example of a specific primate genus and/ or species that is representative of each general primate group. 2. List and briefly describe at least five elements of the post-cranial anatomy found in humans, but not in apes, that facilitate efficient bipedal locomotion. Provide specific ...

The species Paranthropus boisei was estimated to have existed 1.1 million years ago and is believed to belong to a certain era of the human evolution that spanned several years ago, but scientists were keen to point out that they did not eventually lead to human evolution, or rather to the evolution of Homo Sapiens, but they share a huge genetic relationship with the Homo sapiens (Marsh 18). There are numerous characteristics of Paranthropus boisei that would be synonymous to that of the Homo sapiens that would lead one to believe that the genetic characteristics that depict similarities would ...

Introduction

Even though the concept of evolution is a typical narrative, it remains one of the most highly contentious of the topics. Major disagreements persist in the field, particularly when the evolutionary origin and physical modification of primates are the subject matter of discussion. Because of these differences, lots of significant finds in the field have attracted considerable amounts of opposition from experts depending on the species, or the side angle of evolution one recognizes (Ravosa and Dagosto). Disputes often center around locomotion and posture – whether a particular species was fully upright or could walk bipedally, brain size (intelligence), sexuality ...

A Previously unknown species of hominins, Homo Naledi was discovered as recently as 2013, in the Dinaledi Chamber of the Rising Star cave system. Researchers found an extensive collection of fossils, belonging to 15 individuals of the same species. When examined, researchers found that the individuals belonged to a previously unknown species, because their morphology was different than that of other known species of primates. In their description, Berger et al. found that the hominin has unique cranial morphology, although closely related to other species of hominins, human-like adaptations of the hand and wrist, and humanlike foot and limb ...

` The evolution of human beings is closely related to the evolution of the human brain. Brain capacity demonstrates how humans evolved from primitive to modern forms. By examining brain capacity across three different species of primates, namely Australopithecuas Africanus, Homo Habilis and Homo Erectus, it is possible to notice how brain capacity drastically increased, and with it, other modifications also took place, thus allowing modern humans (Homo Sapiens) to evolve into the present form. Based on primary research, this paper will examine brain capacity as a fundamental evolution characteristic, and will trace the transformations which took place from one ...

The major developments of early human and social evolution

Apparently social and early human evolution determines all the inner changes in the core of the society, its structure and interaction of people with each other and environment. The term “development” means that we observe the positive changes within the area of social interaction. We may compare the society with a living organism as it is constantly evolving, acquiring some features, characteristics and abilities. Just like an organism evolve from the simplest form of the complex of various organs responsible for certain functions, the society evolves having different groups responsible for certain actions and functions ("Early Human Evolution: Early ...

Did Human Bipedalism Evolve from a Knuckle-walking Ape Ancestor Did Human Bipedalism Evolve from a Knuckle-walking Ape Ancestor

Introduction

The narratives of human evolution are one of the oft-told scientific stories whenever the topic of the origin of man crops up. However, this topic is also one of the thorniest and most highly contentious. There are major disagreements in the manner in which man first came to be, and every interpretation of almost every new find on the matter will be sure to find opposition among scholars on the field (Harcourt-Smith & Aiello, 2004). While there are numerous causes of disputes ...

Dehumanization is a concept by which two or more parties view each other as less of human beings and thereby do not deserve to be treated with moral consideration. The opponents tend to view each other as though the other party to not possess human rights. A good example is the Rwandan genocide. Dehumanization is brought about by unbearable differences that lead to major conflicts that make it difficult for the opponents to recognize that they all belong to the same species. The parties experience intense hatred and alienation and this widens the psychological distance between them. Eventually, this ...

Introduction

The extant record on contemporary human biology indicate that relative to other primates, the life history hallmarks of modern humans diverge in many advantageous ways. For example, researchers attribute our greater life history patterns to selective features within our genus, including relatively large brains and advanced dispersal capabilities (Bogin 1999; Flinn 2010; Hill and Hurtado 1996; Kaplan et al. 2000; Leigh 2001). Over the last decade, a mounting body of scientific research has simultaneously called into question and advanced the prevailing scientific consensus on the origin and development of the genus Homo, generally, and the foundations for the identifying ...

In his article “Revenge of the Nerds”, Steven Pinkler analyzes how and why humans, of all the animals on the planet, evolved on the cognitive niche and became the dominant species. His main claim is that human ancestors’ particular characteristics, namely visual orientation, social living, particular hand development, and hunting, made them more apt to evolve causal reasoning than any other animal on the planet. The article is clearly organized and structured in order to create a strong argument in favor of his thesis. He bases his claims on different types of evidence which try to prove not only ...

Directions:

- Save your report often as you fill it out, so as not to lose information. - Use the report form as a single document, do not turn in separate reports for each lab - Use the ‘Save As’ option to save your file as a Word 97 .doc file - Save your lab report with this name: Last name, First initial, underscore V1. Thus Charles Darwin would save his Unit 1 Virtual Lab Report as DarwinC_V1. - Submit this report as a single ...

Meiosis is also called litotes. This is a process by which there occurs cell division. The result is ‘four daughter cells’ with chromosomes that number half of what the parent cell had. This process has two main phases; one, ‘interphase meiosis 1’ and two, ‘interphase meiosis 2. Both these processes are cell division processes. The first interphase involves the cells duplication process while the second interphase involves the crossing over o the divided cells (Belk, 2010).

Over the years, scientists have endeavored to study the human system. Bones and fossils, as well as DNA have been continually studied so ...

The evidence of the process of tool making is a clear indication of multiple elements of the human bicultural evolution. It is pertinent to note that the creation of different types of tools as well as their utilization underwent change over a long period. From the point when chimpanzees used stones as crude tools to handle different activities. The aspect of bicultural evolution was characterized by multiple innovations. The innovations can be outlined through the different levels and types of tools created and used during the evolution process. Moreover, the development of the different subsistence characteristics is another outright evidence of ...

In this paper, I would like to give an in-depth discussion about human evolution. I prefer humans to any other species because they are the most advanced. It is the only species which has the highest degree of moral sensibility and mental capacity. Hence, it has a portrayed a behavioral modernity characterized by a highly developed culture, technology and language (Johanson, D. & Wong, K., 2007).

According to Charles Darwin, the process of human evolution took place so gradually. It was as a result of divergence that this species was able to transit from others. Initially, the mammals were living together and had ...

In archeology, DNA analysis has been used as an investigatory tool since it became available to scientists. DNA analysis, which is a constantly developing and expanding field, has allowed archaeologists to precisely and decisively obtain results that solve archaeological, historical, and evolutionary questions. Unfortunately, the methods for using ancient DNA analysis tend to destroy the samples from which the DNA is extracted. The results can easily be affected by external contamination as well, which requires the research to be conducted within specialized laboratories by trained laboratory personnel (Arandjelovic, Guschanski, Schubert, Harris, Thalmann, Siedel, & Vigilant, 2009). DNA analysis has been ...

Introduction

The article is about the East African Rift System. Its authors James Wood and Alex Guth believe that it requires more study and attention from the scientists around the globe. The purpose of the article is to discuss the geology of the rifts, their formation as well as possible consequences of their shifts. The article represents how closely intertwined are the tectonics processes and changes in climate and biosphere. Shifts in plates could also have effect on human evolution, culture and lifestyle. This makes the article highly informative not only in terms of geology of the processes but also ...

The following is a layman’s version on the processes that produced the first intelligent, sentient creature, the human being. The paper will address the time through the forest- savannah transition in east Africa and through to the first hand axe and spear making, a period of approximately three million years ago. The paper will propose probable events that might have occurred during that time. The pre-human ancestors went from among the weakest and defenseless prey on the plains of African grassland to the voracious terror of the modern world, within an interval of approximately one million years. How did that ...

The Scientific Method is a way that Natural Scientists determine, test and prove their hypothesis. It is an organized way to prove or disprove a theory ("Scientific method," 2014). In the context of evolution, the question to ask is: is evolution true? The next step is to do some preliminary research in order to put the question in the form of a hypothesis. To do this, the background research aims to determine if there is any empirical evidence that may support the question. The other area to explore is to question what else may have contributed to the end result, if ...

For a long time, Australopithecus afarensis was considered as the earliest known bipedal hominid. This made this species, which was dated to have existed around 3.5 million years ago, the oldest member of the human clan. However, the discovery of the species, Australopithecus anamensis pushed the age of the bipedal hominids further back by around 600000 years (Tomasik, 2002).

History of the Discovery of Australopithecus anamensis

In 1965, the first fossilized specimen of A. anamensis was discovered by a research team from the Harvard University in the Kanapoi region that lies on the west of Lake Turkana in Kenya. Although at that time the fossil, which was a humerus ...

(Name of Student)

“One person’s abnormality is another person’s life.”-Alice Dreger

The extent to which one person’s abnormality is another person’s life is relative to the scope of anatomical normality or abnormality. Genetic abnormalities that relate to gender, otherwise known as anatomical sexual variation, are part of human intersexuality. Intersex is defined as the anatomical variation from the standard male or female gender, and is a pathological variable that require medical treatment. This means that an intersex child has the sexual anatomy of both genders. Intersex genitals may therefore be a sign of an underlying medical condition, but they are not a medical problem. The notion that ...

Theory of Natural Selection Remains Controversial

Many people usually think that evolution has never taken place and thus is something nobody has ever claimed of witnessing it happening right before their eyes. The topic concerning natural selection has resulted too many controversies that stir heated debates on who is right and who is not right. However, it is very advisable for people to consider the evidences produced through a distinctive study of fossils found in the past. Many commentators argue that evolution under such an intense population usually takes place at a very high pace such that only a few people discover the process. Many debates have concentrated ...

The cow became one of the idols in Africa. Africans generally learned to appreciate and adore the cow. The Dinka, in a show of their love for the cow, have designed four hundred different names used to refer to the cow. The Maasai of Kenya are exceptions to idolizing the cow and their love for the cow. This has led them to believing that the cow was given to them by the gods, and on that basis they are true and dear to the cow. It is considered to them a blessing to herd and keep more herds of cattle as ...

Evolution is defined as the process by which living organisms are believed to have developed and diversified from various current forms into their current state. Evolution can be stated as having commenced at the same period of time life began. Since then, the first organisms have undergone significant changes throughout the years in gradual process that has seen their transformation into the forms they exist in today. Anthropology, which is associated with the study of human development since the inception of human life, pays close attention to the evolution of mankind. This is achieved through the branch of anthropology ...

OBSERVATIONS

Since I entered into a formal institution, and we happen to study the evolution, I have always been left amazed and wondered on how living beings came to be. Because it was in my primary level, I always thought of it as just a mere story. I could hear that people were once using their four limbs for movement like the monkeys. I could also read that we evolved from the primate family which consists the likes of the chimpanzees, monkeys, baboons, and we later came to become what we are today. My grandparents could tell me stories of how the ...

Introduction

Evolution is the change animals and species undergo over time to adapt to certain environmental changes and eventually produce multiple descendent species. Evolution and natural selection are often taken as complimentary to each other. However, evolution, by definition, is a historical process of change, while natural selection is merely a mechanism that results in this change. Advances in technology and biology has thrown light on several causes and consequences of evolution. Some of the deepest understandings of evolution come from understanding fossils and examining phylogeny and from the study of natural selection. Evidences suggest that when natural selection is strong, the rate ...

The Economist. Human Evolution: Darwin’s Children. Print edition Science and technology. 2007. Edited print The Economist discusses Human Evolution and how it has speeded up over the past 80,000 years. It indicates how this raises awkward question about the concept of “race. Argued from the article, more bad science research has been done on the concept of human race compared to any other field in biology. This bad concept, according to The Economist, is generated from preconceived ideas that there are individuals who are better than others. The concepts are not interested in research and investigation ...

The word "homo,” the name of the biological genus to which human belongs is Latin for "human.” It was picked initially via Carolus Linnaeus in his grouping framework. The saying "human" is from the Latin humanus, the descriptive manifestation of homo. The Latin "homo" infers from the Indo-European root “dhghem,” or "earth.” Human advancement is the evolutionary procedure paving the way to the presence of modern people. Human presented developmental capacities, which are innovative, complex, typical, and social in nature and make them unique from other surviving species. In any case, what precisely has advanced to evolve these ...

Evolution involves the change of inherited characteristics of biological populations in successive generations. The process give rise to different levels of organization and diversity that includes changes in DNA, species, molecular formations, and the basic proteins forming the organism. Human evolution has been a major subject both in history and biology. Many theories have been advance explaining the origin of man on earth. The most prominent of the theories is the Darwin’s Theory on human evolution. Darwin theory of evolution is based on natural selection. The theory explains how the environmental factors and other factors interact to favor ...

The history of human evolution has always been a heated topic for debate; many theories abound as to what factors led to the evolution of apes into man, using the concepts of trait adaptation, among others, to help explain why we became what we became. There are those who believe that the major contributing factor was the development of language, or the forming of groups with hierarchical structures. Others believe that the development of monogamy as a social concept is the most important factor leaving to the evolution of humanity. However, it is my concerted belief that the most important contributing ...

Neanderthals are the members of the genus Homo and are known extinct relatives of Homo sapiens. A large amount of fossils and other archives have been collected that has substantiated the presence of these mysterious beings. The first skeletal fossils of Neanderthals were discovered in Germany in 1856, in the Neander Valley, where a group of quarrymen found 16 bone pieces including a skull, which they thought to be a bear. The bones were analyzed to determine that the fossils belonged to ancient relatives of humans. It has been close to 150 years since the accidental discovery of Neanderthals, however, scientists are ...

Evolution, in its simplest definition is “change in form over generations” (Kottak, 1991). Like all life forms, human beings undergo changes or modifications in each generation. The question of how human beings evolved has been a subject of extensive studies. There are many existing explanations about the ancestors of modern man and theories about these have developed over the years, and along with it controversies and alternate explanations. Students of the 21st century would find theories of human evolution in their textbooks and from here they would learn about Homo sapiens, homo erectus, Neanderthal man, Cro-magnon man, and many other ...

Cover Letter

Dear (Instructor’s Name): I am writing this essay to share my analysis and arguments on Mark Twain’s conflicting theories of human evolution and behavior. Through my arguments, I hope to alter whatever negative perspectives my readers keep against human behavior. I always have the notion that literary analysis is the most challenging task in essay writing. However, I realized that interpreting the various styles of persuasion and literary compounds that Mark Twain used throughout his essay helped me to learn analytical skills in expressing my views and supporting my arguments. During the course ...

Introduction

Homo floresiensis nicknamed “Hobbit”. The fossil was found by Indonesian and Asian researchers on the Flores Island, the Island is located between Asian and Australia. The fossil was excavated from one of the caves in the island and is believed to have lived between 95,000 and 18,000 years ago. The Flores was in the early days separated from other continents, researchers believe that this is an area that was occupied by very few mammals. Few mammals and reptile species typically occupied the island during the Pleistocene period. The common reptiles that were found in the area included ...

A cladogram tree showing Anthropoidea, Catarrhini, Haplorrhini, Hominoidea, Primates, and Strepsirrhini.

Anthropoidea, Catarrhini, Haplorrhini, Hominoidea, Primata, and Strepsirrhini,. k Question 1 In the scientific classification, humans and apes; chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans are grouped in the same family “hominidae” while monkeys were earlier grouped in the family “Cebidae” but now in the family “Atelidae”. In accordance to scientific researches, human are said to be more closely related to chimpanzees than monkey; looking at their anatomy and genetics. Human evolution shows the evolutionary process that brought about the differences in appearance of the modern man and other hominids. Using genetics and anatomy, we can tell which of the two; ...

Introduction

Genetic and physical similarities demonstrate that modern human species that is, Homo sapiens has a close association to other primate species group called apes. Evidence has shown that humans and great apes of Africa that is, gorillas and chimpanzees including bonobos or pygmy chimpanzees share common ancestor, which lived sometime between 6 million and 8 million years ago. Bonobos are found in Central Africa. It is interesting to note that the two species vary morphologically. Bonobos are characterized by shorter upper limbs, less rugged builds, and longer lower limbs than the chimpanzees and sport a distinguishing coiffure (Lavenda and Schultz 2012, ...

Introduction

The term human evolution refers to the gradual process through which human beings developed from simple to complex humans a process which took millions of years. The question on how we came to be is one of the compelling and mysterious questions which have been disturbing the minds of different scientist and even the normal beings. In order to come up with a comprehensive answer regarding human evolution, many pertinent questions have to be answered. For instance, what lead human being to evolve their marvellous intellect? Why are we somehow different with our closest relatives? These questions among others are some ...

Phylogenetic family tree is characterized by the lineage through which the present man originated from. The origin of the humans emanated from a single common ancestor through a transition process that culminated into the present man. The tree starts with a common ancestor then branches of to different species as time passed by. The phylogenetic family tree takes the form of evolution where there is a common shared ancestor. The report explores the sequence of events that led to the existence of the modern man (Futuyma 84). The human evolution forms the basis of origination of all human beings on earth. The ...

Phylogenetic family tree is characterized by the lineage through which the present man originated from. The origin of the humans emanated from a single common ancestor through a transition process that culminated into the present man. The tree starts with a common ancestor then branches of to different species as time passed by. The phylogenetic family tree takes the form of evolution where there is a common shared ancestor. The report explores the sequence of events that led to the existence of the modern man (Futuyma 84). The human evolution forms the basis of origination of all human beings on earth. The ...

Introduction

Evidence of aliens having an influence on earth is evident in the writings, artifacts, and paintings and cave drawings. Body - First contact with Aliens in 1941. - Cases of individuals who came into contact with the aliens. Cases highlighted help to provide evidence of aliens and human contact - Instances of how aliens have contributed to human civilization - The ancient cave paintings are one of the major inventions believed to be from aliens - Angel Hair associated with aliens used in the contemporary world to design aircrafts. - The ancient ...

BIO 204 101 13S

Abstract For many years, human beings have continued to suffer from diseases, both the kind caused by their own bodies as their age degenerated and the kind caused by infectious pathogens. During this time, human beings have constantly developed new ways of eating and living, and actual genetic or physical changes have evolved with the aim of minimizing the impacts of these diseases. This paper seeks to examine the issues of societal/cultural changes, the origins of human diseases and bioterrorism. This includes examining historical societal/cultural changes for human evolution are responsible in transmission of diseases to human beings ...

History 120

Women through the Evolution Human evolution is one of the most interesting topics in history. This is mainly due to the fact that evolution helps in explaining the journey taken by humanity from the past to the present. There are different stages which man went through during the evolution. There is the hunter-gatherer period, then the agricultural period which was followed by the industrialized agriculture. During all these stages, there are some major aspects which have been under scrutiny and have proven to be quite interesting. One of these is the role of women during the two periods. ...

Gender issues are important aspects of social science. It is through the understanding of the different issues concerning the differences in gender roles that we are able to accept the modern world role of each gender. It is therefore, quite important to develop an understanding of how the differing gender roles in the society evolved and how they have been subsequently carried on over the centuries as well as over the decades. An understanding of the role of each gender in the hunting and gatherers as well as on the agriculturally based stages of human beings evolution is an ...

Human intelligence is a vital factor on in the study of the evolution. It entails the common mental capability that involves the ability to reason, solve problems, plan, think abstractly and learn quickly. Generally, intelligence is an overall term that describes a variety of interrelated mental abilities. Several theories have been postulated to explain the evolution of human intelligence. The theories are closely tied to the evolving of the human brain and development of human language. Intelligence interpretation and perception is diverse and varies relatively with scenarios presented. Recognition of intelligence is not well elaborate. Many scholars agree that recognizing ...

Physical Anthropology is described as one of the branches of anthropology that specifically deals with the aspect of evolutionary biology, genetics, physical variation, classification and human development .

1. PALEOANTHROPOLOGY - is one of the subjects under physical anthropology that focuses on the study of fossil records to unlock the secrets of the puzzle that is human evolution.

2. NEUROANTHROPOLOGY - is a subject in physical anthropology that talks about the evolutionary process and transformation of the brain and how it influences human evolutionary behavior. It’s also known as the link between anthropology and neuroscience that tackles the subject of ...

In all three versions of the hominid family tree, there are a number of similarities. Each tree must have an evolutionary origin and purpose and whilst the origin does seem to differ from tree to tree, the purpose seems to maintain a constant: Homo Sapiens are always the end point on each tree. Presumably, this is because our species has evolved this far to date and appears to have stayed still for about 200,000 years (Human Origins) whereas another site states 175,000 years (Becoming Human), and another states 100,000 years (PBS). This dispute is commonplace as we are ...

The theory of human evolution says that the humanity evolved from primates, or ape, as their ancestors. According to scientific research, all mammals evolved from protomorphic reptiles in the Triassic Period, about 200 - 245 million years ago. When the dinosaurs had undergone extinction during the terminal Cretaceous, the mammals remained as the surviving groups, adapted accordingly in the Tertiary Period. The majority of mammals evolved in this very period, including the Primates, relative to humans. There are two hypotheses, concerning the origins and evolution of today’s humans, Homo sapiens, both based on the assumption that our ...