Essays on Diffusion

Current research on bystander intervention has produced many outcomes indicating that the presence of other people in a critical situation, especially bullying, reduces the probability that an individual will help. Diffusion of responsibility contributes to the bystander effect. This implies that a person does not feel the need to help someone in need if several people are also present since the responsibility is among those present. Most people believe that there exist safety in numbers, but there are times when a large crowd does not support a victim. According to Barlińska, Szuzter & Winiewski (2013), “Bystanders are the social Continue reading...

SiRNA also known as small interfering RNA is a set of double-stranded RNA molecules. SiRNA is also termed as silencing RNA or short interfering RNA. Most of the SiRNA molecules are 20 to 25 base pairs in length. SiRNA is known to have many distinct roles but has a crucial role in the RNA interface pathway (RNAi). Small interference RNA (siRNA) represents a promising therapeutic strategy and its clinical evaluation began in 2004.

Slide 4

It is important to understand the barriers associated in SiRNA delivery. The barriers to siRNA delivery are multiple and depend on the targeted organs and the Continue reading...

The pressure of atmospheric oxygen decreases gradually as barometric pressure drops with increasing altitude. The ability to perform work, such as walking and climbing belittles with the decreased availability of oxygen in the atmosphere for aerobic respiration. The Mount Everest is the highest peak on the earth with an altitude of 8848 meters. At such a higher altitude, the partial pressure of inspired oxygen or PIO2 reaches the limit at which humans can maintain body functions, such as cognition and ambulation. In 1953, Hillary and Tenzing used supplemental oxygen while climbing the Everest. It was only 25 years later Continue reading...

Part I

Considering the theory of diffusion of innovation and other change theories such as Levin’s Change Theory or King’s Theory of Goal Attainment what, do you perceive as the various strengths or weaknesses of each when considering change projects in the workplace? Why would you choose the use of one theory over another?
Diffusion of innovation theory has the following strengths. Rogers the inventor had the ability to evaluate thousands of studies enabling him to integrate a huge volume of empirical data, which has ensured relevance even in the modern age. The theory is consistent with most conclusions Continue reading...

Part 1

Change is an essential element for continuous improvement (Lippitt, Langseth, & Mossop, 1985). Successful implementation of system change in the health care enables delivery of safe and quality care to the patients (Butt & Rich, 2011). The rate of diffusion has been sluggish in the organization. The reason behind this is the complexity nature of transitioning process to an electronic health record (EHR). In 1983, Rogers defined the rate of adoption as the speed in which the society adopts an innovation. According to Rogers, the adoption rate is measured by the period that is needed for members of the society to Continue reading...

Description

Homeland security is an extremely fundamental element of security in the United States. It represents a sense of safety in the country through use of exclusive safety strategies. The body remains critical in its fight against terrorism in the country, as well as the rest of the world. However, the exclusive effectiveness of the security can only relate to the application of extensively influential elements, which are the trends in homeland security. Among the most significant or influential trends is power diffusion, and technology.
Power diffusion is an art of extending certain power traits to the best section of Continue reading...

Introduction

The concept behind diffusion of innovation can be accessed as the spread of knowledge based ideas from one community in an institution to another. In this case, our focus will be on diffusion of innovation in relation to production in a particular firm with a specific product to be discussed in deep details. The principle behind this type of innovation can only be applied within production companies. In addition to this form of diffusion of innovation, it reveals most processes involved are in pure and stark formation.
The concept behind diffusion of innovation has some significance which can be Continue reading...

Introduction

The documentary seems to take a different approach to try to understand human culture. Interestingly, the documentary is adopts a historical approach rather than a scientific approach. This is because Diamond is a biologist professor and to be able to understand why human culture has so many differences he ventures in to the world of anthropology and history. The main thesis of the documentary focuses on the environment and its influence in shaping the differences in human culture.
Do you think Jared Diamond has a plausible scientific basis for his thoughts on the spread of Guns, Germs, and Steel?
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Essay 1

Question a
The relationship between size and complexity has been studied extensively in Biology. Of particular interest is the association between surface area and volume. As animals increase in size, their exchanges with the environment become more difficult. For example, large animals require special organs (such the heart, the liver and the kidney) to facilitate movement of nutrients and air circulation. In order to reduce this problem, several organisms (such as Porifera, Cnidaria, and Platyhelminthes) have adapted by increasing their surface area to volume ratio. The increased surface are to volume ratio simplifies processes such as respiration because the Continue reading...

Discussion

Cultural diffusion is the tendency of an aspect of a certain culture to spread into other sectors of the world, gaining rapid acceptance in foreign cultures. Arguably, cultural diffusion is among the most significant social concepts in the world today. The fact that fast food restaurants began in America, and are now a common feature in almost all countries, including the developing nations, it is a clear indication that this aspect of American culture is gradually but steadily diffusing into other cultures. Much like the fast food culture, many aspects of foreign cultures are gaining acceptance in foreign lands. Continue reading...

Solid dispersion can be defined as a cluster of solid creations made up of at least two distinguished components one being a hydrophobic drug and the other a hydrophilic matrix which can take any form depending on the crystalline or amorphous nature of the solids used (see figure 1). In the context of pharmaceuticals, this technology was developed to help improve the solubility and bioavailability of oral drugs. Studies have indicated that a score of patients prefers oral drugs for their simplicity in administration hence they show more compliance in comparison to other types of drugs administered in different Continue reading...

Roger’s diffusion theory

Rogers, E. M. Diffusion of Innovation (5th Edition ed.). Simon and Schuster.

This source explains about diffusion of innovation theory. Diffusion of Innovation Theory was historically discussed in the year 1903 by Gabriel Tarde who was a French sociologist who drew the first S-shaped curves of diffusion then later Gross and Ryan in the year 1943 introduced adopter groups that are being used in the present theory which Everett Rogers had popularized. In the 1957, Katz introduced the idea of opinion followers and opinion leaders and how the media is involved in the interaction of Continue reading...

Diffusion of Innovations theory relates to the process by which communication and presentation of an innovation is done. This communication is done to the party(s) of interest that the innovation directly relates to or is appropriate for. Relevant channels that aid the process are integrated in the communication model that is generally composed of a social system, which is interested in the innovations made. Diffusion itself refers to the specific mode of communication employed in the spread of the innovation, hereby perceived as a new and an improved technology that seeks to be integrated in the social system. Continue reading...

Traits of Fruits

Question One

Most plants produce fruits which contain seeds. Usually, fruits are meant to help in seed dispersion. Different plants have different adaptations to help them in their seed dispersion. These plants could have dry fruits, sweet fruits, bitter or sweet fruits, thorny fruits or those with hard shells. Plants with sweet fruits are adapted to various help in seed dispersion. Most of the sweet fruits are edible by either human beings or animals. The seeds of these plants are usually inside the fruits and are not harmful to the dispersers. The adaptation is that when animals feed on Continue reading...

Introduction

The Egyptian Jewish community is comprised of two groups of people: indigenous Arabic-speaking Rabbanites and Karaites who have Judeo-Arabic culture, of which some claim to have had their residence in Egypt since the pre-Islamic era[ CITATION Emi00 \l 2057 ]. Most of them reside in Cairo's Jewish quarter, in the port district of Alexandria, and in several provincial towns[ CITATION Emi00 \l 2057 ]. The two groups dispersed to various nations for social and political reasons. This research paper will explore the dispersion of the Egyptian Jewry with emphasis on the factors that contributed to the dispersion.

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Amongst mentally ill patients at high risk for early readmission, does the utilization of a multi-component transition care plan as compared to usual care help to improve early readmission rates?

Abstract

The early hospital readmission rate in a 30-bed psychiatric unit in California is 25%. This figure is higher than the 13% reported in the literature for high-income countries like the US (Vigod et al., 2013). Early readmissions are problematic as they are costly and disruptive to the personal and professional lives of patients and their family members. In addition, they are construed to be negative patient outcomes and negative Continue reading...

Rationale for Dissemination Plan in a Research Project

The infinity of healthcare resources makes it imperative to ensure delivery of high-quality care. One way of achieving this is through successful adoption and implementation of cost-effective and evidence-based health technologies (National Institute for Health Research, 2009). There is increasing recognition, however, that maximum potential for use of research evidence in improving clinical and managerial practice and decision making is yet to be achieved (Wilson, Petticrew, Calnan, & Nazareth, 2010). This gap in translation of evidence into practice has been partially blamed on poor dissemination of research evidence to relevant stakeholders (Carpenter, Nieva, Albaghal, & Sorra, 2005). This paper will discuss Continue reading...

Introduction

Osmosis refers to the net water movement across a membrane, which is selectively permeable and the movement is driven by a difference in the concentration of the solutes on the opposite sides of the membrane. A selectively permeable membrane allows water to pass through without allowing ions or solute molecules to pass through. Other small molecules that are not charged are also allowed to pass through the membrane. Diffusion, on the other hand, refers to the movement of molecules in a random motion as a result of the kinetic energy and causes the molecules to have a net movement Continue reading...

BBB functions and physiology: The central nervous system (CNS) necessitates a highly controlled environment for its proper functioning. Blood brain barrier is the system which maintains the homeostasis of the CNS. It works by separating and shielding the brain from the constant changes in the nutrient and chemical composition of systemic blood. It protects the brain tissue from harmful chemicals that might be present in the blood. The key functions of the BBB are transport of nutrients from the blood to brain and metabolites in opposite direction to systemic circulation. Only a small number of molecules are allowed access Continue reading...

Abstract

As the majority of the people are becoming more aware of the adverse effects of petroleum-based products consumption and of the continued diminishing of natural fuel oil reserves all over the world, the search for more environmentally friendly and renewable substitute is becoming the focus of many studies. Such substitute products include the soybean-based adhesives, and soybean-based adhesive bonded wood composites and particle boards. In this study, a “literature review” was conducted in order to identify the many issues associated with the search for a replacement for petroleum-based adhesives. Accordingly, the issues identified are (1) environmental friendliness, such as Continue reading...

Aims

1. To observe and investigate the effects of osmosis across the cell membranes of a plant.
2. To investigate the ability of different molecules to diffuse across a selectively permeable membrane.

Introduction

All living cells are enclosed by an outer covering known as plasma or cell membranes. In addition, these plasma membranes serve as barriers between different compartments in the body to confine processes and materials to certain locations. Examples of these processes are diffusion and osmosis which are the main physiological processes that play important roles in the body. Diffusion can be Continue reading...

Kolassa, J. E. (2006). Series approximation methods in statistics. (Springer e-books.) New York: Springer.
This book presents hypothetical results significant to Edgeworth and saddlepoint extensions to densities and dissemination works. The book present a portion of the estimate strategies usually utilized as a part of scientific detail. The book considers Taylor arrangement extension. The book then take a gander at Stirling's Formula, which gives an estimate to n!. As an application the book demonstrate to apply these methods to gauge the answer for the Birthday Problem. In the informative supplements we audit the Intermediate and Mean Value Theorems, factorials, Continue reading...

Race, Ethnicity, Human variation

Race is someone’s background. It is a common origin or relatives a group of people shares. Ethnicity is the relationship of an individual to a group of people or culture. Human variation is the different of people from cultural with different perspectives and physical perspectives. In my opinion, race does exist. It exists because it determines who you are. Should race exist? I think that race should exist because race sets the differences among individual with in cultures, and beliefs about human differences. Without race we wouldn’t have culture and human differences and we won’t have Continue reading...

In a given ecological setting, some species dominate and influence the abundance of the other species in that ecology. Two pathways, which lead to dominance, exist: competition where the dominance species has superior access to the limited resources and low susceptibility to other processes that are not competitive. In the second pathway, the non-dominant species are normally very susceptible to the non-competitive processes. The former pathway is highly interactive and the dominant species suppresses its subordinates by limiting the resources available to them. Sustained dominance reduces the diversity of species that ecology. The second pathway is weakly interactive and Continue reading...

As sunshine moves through the atmosphere, it is impacted by air molecules, clouds and particulates, resulting in scattering of light. The extent to which light is dispersed by air molecules depends on the wavelength of the different inherent colors. Colors with shorter wavelengths are spread more than those with longer wavelengths. Blue is most susceptible to scattering thus explaining why the sky is blue. The visibility of light scattered by air molecules depends on the intensity of the light beam (University of Arizona).
On the other hand, when the atmosphere has matter like particulates and cloud drops, there is Continue reading...

Introduction

The purpose of this study is to determine the deterrent effect of the death penalty or capital punishment in the commission of future crimes. Most of the criminal experts believe that the justification for the imposition of the death penalty against criminals should be for retributive grounds and to make the criminals suffer the consequences of their actions. Thus, when a person kills another, the retributive effect of capital punishment or the death penalty is take the life of the murderer (Radelet & Akers, 1996). The main reason for the imposition of the death penalty is to discourage the murderers Continue reading...

Introduction

According to medical studies, caffeine a stimulant drug contained in coffee, affects the heart rate of a human being. A state-of-the-art medical facility, Premiere Hospital wants to determine whether or not to serve caffeinated beverages to their patients in waiting rooms; the hospital would like to establish whether a relationship exists between coffee and the human heart rate. The hospital tested a sample of fifteen patients to whom they had served coffee, and obtained data. Each patient’s heart rate was recorded before and after taking a caffeinated beverage. This analysis seeks to establish whether there is a significant Continue reading...

Introduction

Culture is a multifaceted concept that has different meanings in different contexts. Despite the controversy revolving on the definition of this term, culture refers to the cumulative way of life and learned behavior of a particular group that forms part of a given community traditions. In essence, community members have the moral obligation and responsibility of conveying and disseminating the traditions, values, moral codes, and customs from one generation to the other through the process of socialization. Scholars assert that culture is a broad concept that differs from one community to the other. This aspect remains evident in the Continue reading...

TEXTILE DESIGN

The Mysterious Cycle: Fashion Repeats Itself
The fashion cycle has been happening since people started wearing clothes. A basic fashion continues eto repeat thougou history. Trends and fashions seem unique to customers who buy and wear the fashion during a particular decade. In clothing skirt lengths change over the years. The hem of a dress or skirt cycles from shorter to longer over decades. This essay discusses the theory of fashion cycles and some examples in fashion and fabric. Fabrics of many varieties and compostions are used for fashion and interior design. There are new styles that are affecting Continue reading...

Summary : Managing business ethicsLinda K. Trevino & Katherine A. Nelson. Wiley; 5th edition

Chapter 4 – Addressing individuals’ common ethical problems

Ethical issue when people work together (privacy, discrimination, sexual harassment or simply how people get along. Key is fairness meaning equity, reciprocity, impartiality
- Equitable is when something is divided between 2 people according to the worth & inputs of the 2 individuals. Most people think it’s unfair when 2 people have performed the same duty but receive a different share of the reward
- Reciprocity: “if you do this for me I’ll do this for you”. Most ppl think it’s unfair if one Continue reading...

INTRODUCTION:

The concept of Cottrell atmosphere is important to many aspects of material sciences and engineering. This was first proposed by Cottrell and Bilby in 1949 to explain the interaction of solute carbon atoms with defects in steel. The Cottrell atmospheres occur under the interaction between the dislocations and impurities (alloying elements) in matrix metal.  These defects, like a dislocation, produce long-range elastic stress fields that distort the interstitial lattice site around the defect in the matrix. These distorted lattice sites then provide lower energy sites for the solute carbon to occupy, thus relieving some of the stress field. This Continue reading...

The rationale of this report is to present results of the Emissions Inventory conducted for Northern Arizona University’s (NAU) criteria pollutant emissions. The report shall be in terms of both the emissions trends for the university and the resulting impacts these emissions have on the surrounding environment and human health. Emissions data collected by Northern Arizona University Industrial Hygienist, Jim Biddle, was used to create a comprehensive report of nine years of emissions data for NAU over a thirteen year time span (1999-2012). No data was available for the years 2000, 2002, 2004, or 2006.
The four criteria Continue reading...

Introduction

The project incorporated the application of various strategies in advocating for prevention of hospital acquired infections. These strategies include Evidence based practice (EBP), Advocacy skills, nursing code of conduct and the role of leadership. The main objective for the application of these strategies is to collectively create an effective hand washing awareness to clients. These efforts will help enable a smooth facilitation of safe client care.

How to apply Evidence Based Practice decision making

Evidence based practice (EBP) entails use of the best evidence that currently exists in conjunction with patient values and clinical expertise in guiding healthcare decisions (Aveyard, 2009). They include; empirical evidence acquired random Continue reading...

Rainbows are the one of the finest, most magnificent and incredible phenomenon that nature has to offer. The formation of rainbow as a phenomenon includes and consists of extensive and complex physics. It demonstrates some of the most intricate processes in Physics like dispersion of light and also proves that visible light is composed of a spectrum of wavelengths and each of these wavelengths is associated to a different color.
Two physical phenomena that are at work within a rainbow are refraction and reflection. Both hold their significance when it comes to formation of rainbows. Refraction occurs each and Continue reading...

Annotated Bibliography

Earthquake and Volcano Forecasting

James, H., Kazuyoshi, N., & Donald, T. (2005). Earthquake forecasting and its verification. Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0508476v1.pdf
This was a manuscript presented in 2005 in the University of California. According to the researchers, Earthquakes are comparatively more dangerous than hurricanes and volcanoes as floods increase gradually and the hurricanes can also be predicted. Earthquakes can occur anytime and they are hard to predict. The Authors have adopted a relatively different approach on the basis of pattern informatics method. This method quantifies temporal variations. Specific areas on seismogenic region have been identified where Continue reading...

The evolution of the world has been accompanied by increased interaction of people, cultures and regions across the globe, in what has been labeled as the globalization process. Various developments have accompanied the globalization process, which has been widely acknowledged for catalyzing the diffusion of ideas across the global society. Whereas there has been no certain limits to the diffusion process, the influence of the western civilization still remains particularly dominant. Even intriguing has been the question of whether the western civilization comes with any benefits. On one hand, some have argued that the western civilization has been accompanied Continue reading...

Abstract

Osmosis is an important phenomenon for several plant and animal life functions. Like any other small molecule, water moves from one side of membrane to the other by diffusion. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane however is given a special name, osmosis. To understand osmosis, the designed experiment has been conducted as discussed in this laboratory report. This experiment begins with a dialysis tubing which is selectively permeable and is filled with water and sugar syrup. This tubing is then submerged in beaker with water and syrup. The experiment is conducted with three tubing and Continue reading...

Infant care and production in tamarins

Infant care and production in Tamarins: An Introduction
Parenting patterns vary extensively both amongst human and primates. Cooperative care is rather unusual in the primates, however; it is found mainly in tamarins (Saguinus oedipus), the small monkeys. This report delves into infant care and production in tamarins, in a social system, explaining the methods they maintain their relationships in a cooperative care.

When offered an option for caretaking of mother or the father, infants generally prefer the father, who offer more care. Hence, in biparental and cooperative breeding groups, the infants do not create a major fondness to the Continue reading...

Management: Innovation

Introduction
- the description of innovation
- The elucidation of factors leading to innovation for instance the adoption of common language enabling the workforce to understand each other

- The advantages of innovation will be expounded together with their effects on the society for instance the growth and introduction of new industries

Disadvantages

- The disadvantages of innovation to the society

Conclusion

- The conclusion will follow restating the hypothesis of the paper as had been given earlier on
Innovation refers to first occurrence of an idea for a new product or process. It describes the first commercialization of the idea. Continue reading...

The contact between the human cultures is increasing for many unknown decades. People are coming closer to one another due to the contact between the cultures. However, the nature of contact differs greatly, but the contacts are established in order to understand and develop relations among different people belonging to different countries. Media, cultural imperialism, cultural icons, cultural hegemony, diffusion, acculturation, and transculturation play a significant role in the contact between cultures.
The cultural imperialism approach to the communication considers that the media have great significance on the cultural values. The countries with efficient media become capable of capturing Continue reading...