Essays on Deviation

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Abstract

Alu elements are a group of mobile elements amplified in primate genome through retroposition. One of the Alu elements is the TPA-25. This element presents a high degree of dimorphism within human population, showing different alleles frequencies in different human group. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique allow the amplification of part of the nucleic acid, including DNA being detecting by agarose gel. The objective of this study was to compare the genotypes of several individuals by using the Alu insertion detected by the Polymerase Chain Reaction. Cell samples from 82 students were taken. Samples proceed from ...

Final Project

Introduction In this paper we will describe and demonstrate the application of statistics and probability theory to a real world problem. Our goal is to examine the relationship between historical gold and crude oil prices. In order to do this, we access the historical data of oil and gold prices on a yearly basis and use statistical tools to examine the data. We start from descriptive statistics and scatterplot and then perform correlation and regression analysis to find out the relationship between the two given prices. The summary of the project is given in conclusion section.

There is a ...

Binomial distribution

When do we use the binomial distribution? The binomial distribution is very useful when there are very many trials conducted in an experiment, say n, and we want to get the probability of finding success where each number of successes has a given probability of occurrence. The probability of success is denoted by p while that of failure is the complement, i.e. (1-p) (Collani & Dräger, 2011). The binomial distribution gives some of the probabilities that are associated with repeated Bernoulli independent trials.

Characteristics of binomial distribution

For a binomial experiment, an action is repeated several definite number of times The condition for ...

Deviance in the society

A deviant condition is a situation where one or a group in a given society adopts some behavior that the community does accept or either deem unacceptable. It is also the violation of a norm in given societies. The scenario concentrates on many undertakings such that the realization of this character in the individual or group can be tamed or changed to better the society (Attridge and Rosenquist, 2013).

Introduction

Various reasons explain why the nature of human beings can be deviant at all or change in a way that depicts deviance. It can come from a youthful experience, for ...

MTH410 – Quantitative Business Analysis

Colorado State University–Global Campus

Introduction

Gulf Real Estate Properties, Inc. is a real estate firm located in southwest Florida. The company, which advertises itself as an expert in the real estate market, monitors condominium sales by collecting data on location, list price, sale price, and the number of days it takes to sell each unit. Each condominium is classified as Gulf View if it is located directly on the Gulf of Mexico, or No Gulf View if it is located on the bay or a golf course (near but not on the Gulf). Sample data from the Multiple Listing ...

Business Decision Making

a)

x=1nx1+x2++xn

Where n is the number of cases.

Mean: 5.55+3.02+5.13+4.77+2.34+3.54+3.79+4.5+6.1+0.38+5.12+6.46+6.1913==4.38

Median value is the 50th percentile or the “middle” element of a sorted data set.

Sort the data in ascending order: The middle element is 4.77 The expected waiting time for customers is 4.38 minutes. The 50-percentile (or the middle) time of waiting is 4.77 minutes. b)

The so-called “five number summary” includes such statistical measures as sample minimum, sample maximum, first quartile, third quartile and range.

Sample minimum is 0.38 First quartile is 25th percentile; hence, it is equal to 3.54 Median is 4.77 Third quartile is the 75th percentile; hence, it is equal to 5.55 Sample maximum is 6.45 The waiting time varies from 0.38 minutes to 6.45 minutes. 25% of customers wait no ...

Executive summary

The aim of the report was to determine the consumption pattern as well as the magnitude and direction of the correlations of various inputs in the production process of aluminum grade. Effective control of inputs cost is a result of efficient analysis. Therefore, the report analyzed the electrical as well as chemical and plumbing to compare their respective amount and standard deviation. The study showed that the process produces more plumbing and chemical grade as compared to electrical aluminum grade. Again, the report probed on the appropriate purchase amount for the alumina against a set value. Statistical analysis confirmed ...

INVESTIGATING THE RESISTIVITY OF A WIRE

Electrical resistance is a physical quantity characterizing the properties of the conductor to interfere with the passage of electric current and voltage, which is equal to the ratio of the voltage at the end of the conductor to the current flowing through it (Brown, Forbes T., 2006, p. 43). The electrical resistivity is a physical value that characterizes the ability of a substance to prevent the passage of electric current. The resistance of an electrical circuit can be calculated, with the help of two equations below (Woan, G., 2010). R=VI

R – Resistance (ohms), V – Voltage (volts), I – Current (amps)

R=pLA p – Resistivity (ohm.m) L – Length (meters)

A – Cross-sectional area (meters2)

A physical ...

In this assignment we will describe and discuss the application of statistics and probability theory to a real world problem. Our goal is to explore the given data of the results of XRT test and provide readers with the appropriate descriptive statistics and statistical inference. According to the XRT test manual, the XRT© test of intelligence has been designed to measure “fluid intelligence in a way that allows the test user to make excellent predictions about the future job performance of the test taker”. In this paper we should examine the publisher’s claim that the test is free ...

Total risk is the volatility in the return of an asset. It is often measured using the variance of the stock returns. Variance is the sum of squared difference between the each return and the mean return. The return is measured at regular intervals such as daily, monthly, quarterly or yearly. Variance is an absolute measure of risk. Therefore, it is useful when considering a single stock. However, when comparing returns of different stocks it is better to use the coefficient of variation. The coefficient of variation is a relative measure of risk. It is computed by dividing the ...

2.4 a. Figure 1 illustrates the dot plot of the basketball players. There is a variety of heights presented on the plot. Figure 1. The dot plot of the basketball players. b. The tallest player is 86 inches, the shortest player is 72 inches. c. The most common height is 74 inches, and 5 players share it. d. The most common height is illustrated by horizontal clustering of the dots, or when the numerous dots are on the same heights line. 2.10 a. The frequency distribution is presented in Table 1.

Frequency Distribution of the Cars Speed

b. The class width is the difference between ...

[Pivotal Concepts of CAPM]

Introduction

No matter the attractiveness of an investment, an investor must always be ready for risks arising. In which case, it is always impossible to do away with entire risk. The only an investor can manage the impact of this risks is by coming up with an investment that yields a rate of return that can cover the risks. This would help in covering the investors whenever they take on risk. As the result, the need for a capital asset pricing model (CAPM) sets in as an important tool for the investors. The CAPM helps in ...

1.Identify three uses for a frequency distribution. Epidemiologists use a variety of methods to summarize data. One fundamental method is the frequency distribution. The frequency distribution is a table, which displays how many people fall into each category of a variable such as age, income level, or disease status. Epidemiologists examine factors/variables that are predictors for health outcomes; they also observe patterns of distribution of illness, disability and health-related outcomes (Woodward 10). Among values in statistical data, there may be a presence of repetition within the data set; this is referred to as the frequency of that variable. The ...

The management requires thoughtful decision making. Regardless of the decision area, the cost of the wrong course might be high. The improper investment and faulty advertising projects result in profit loss. The wrong course of employment results in decrease of customers quantity. The wrong pricing strategy decreases the sales. The manager’s experience and sixth sence are useful, and can be used in everyday situations. However, in serious cases, when there is responsibility before the board of directors, the intuition and other subjective means are inappropriate. Therefore, managers need reliable methods to use in decision making. The statistics makes ...

Abstract

Speech impediment is among the many disabilities that affect performance of children in the United States. The verbal communication of individuals is interfered with thereby implying that the impaired fail to communicate effectively with their teachers, fellow students as well as their close relatives. The result is a drop in the school performance if they are not subjected to the proper treatments which makes them improve their situation. This means that with proper interventions, they are able to significantly acquire higher scores in subjects such as English and Mathematics that are among the core fields in testing students’ competence. ...

Question #1

a) The first step in making histogram is to determine the frequency values for each bin. We calculate the number of score values that is equal or below the bin value. For example, for bin with value of 10, we calculate the number of countries with scores less or equal to 10. The following table represents frequency distribution of Donating Money scores, Helping a Stranger scores and Volunteering Time scores:

In order to provide descriptive statistics, use Data Analysis plug-in in Excel:

Frequency histograms are given below on one common graph: b) Calculate 1.5*IQR. The calculations of lower and upper limits are given in the table below: For Donating, a ...

Question 1

a. The histograms of the data are as follows:

b. Calculating for the 1.5xIQR rule: For the Donating Scores, there are 5 exceptionally high outliers. For the Helping Score, there appears to be no outliers. For the Volunteering Score, there is 1 exceptionally high outlier. c. Donating Money The shape of the distribution is skewed to the left. There are 3 outliers that are all exceptionally high in value. The values of these outlier scores are 77, 78 and 91. The left skew is verified by the boxplot in which a large portion of the data is located on ...

is melbourne the most livEable city? [Melbourne Transportation]

PART A – RESEARCH REPORT 4 INTRODUCTION 4 Research Aim 4 Research Question 4 This research survey questionnaire aims to obtain answers to the following questions: 4 Significance of the Study 5 METHODOLOGY 6 The Primary Research 6 Secondary Research Data 6 Research Design 7 ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS 8 Result 8 How long have you been in Melbourne? 8 Overall, how satisfied are you with Melbourne’s public transportation? 8 Melbourne 9 Please indicate your degree of agreement with the following statements 10 Outcomes 10 Recommendations 11 CONCLUSION 12 LIMITATIONS OF THE ...

Question 1

a. When a researcher studies a process or a phenomenon, it is impossible to involve the whole population in the analysis, therefore the certain assumptions and limitations are necessary. Supposing, the population has the mean μ and the standard deviation σ, and the quantity N. The sampling distribution is the smaller sample with the quantity n (N > n), taken from the population (part of the population), with μ that is equal to the population mean (μ=μ) and the standard deviation, that is calculated as: σM=σn. The sampling distribution of the mean approximately represents the properties of the population and can be ...

Abstract

A number of results for organizations have been observed in varied American Intellectual Union researches. There has been a determination that the productivity of American employees is affected by individualities. The assignment sees the association between intrinsic job satisfaction and gender. Statistical tools may be used so that a better understanding of the relationship is obtained.

Introduction

Gender differences are also one of the major factors which determine employee satisfaction in the workplace. There are internal factors which affect employee satisfaction. The research by the American Intellectual Union states that gender and other varied internal factors affect the level of ...

The purpose of developing the semantic differential is to measure what an object means to a person. A semantic differential scale construction involves a number of steps. The researcher identifies a concept which the semantic differential scale will rate. Then the researcher chooses two pairs of adjectives that can be used to describe the selected concept. The scale is normally from 1 to 7 and respondents can rate the concept using this scale. The means of the responses for every pair of the suggested adjectives is counted and the means are marked as an image. A staple scale is ...

Introduction

Traditionally, Islam has been standing on guard against the proliferation of sexual depravity. Together with other fundamental religions, the Quran and its commentaries strongly prohibit 'untraditional' sexual relationships both, inside and outside the matrimony. Kecia argues that traditional schools of the Islamic law describe any homosexual act as sinful and punishable (Kecia, 79). The majority of countries, where Sharia law regulates social order, define homosexuality as legally or socially persecuted (and many of them the both restraints are in force). In the most orthodox countries, like Afghanistan, Nigeria, and Saudi Arabia any homosexual intercourse is punishable by the death ...

Introduction

In this assignment I will apply the basics of statistics and probability theory to a real world problem. Assume I would like to know about the effectiveness of teaching in a particular university of the United States. The goal of the research is to find out significant factors which affect teaching evaluation score among professors at the University of Texas at Austin in 2000-2002 (Source: http://wps.aw.com/aw_stock_ie_3/178/45691/11696965.cw/index.html). According to this source, the data is measured by the following variables: I begin with descriptive statistics and summary table for all variables. According to the output of the descriptive statistics, we can ...

Introduction

Consumer dissatisfaction normally leads to sales decline and switching of customers loyalty to another brand of product. Inability in meeting consumer expectation due to reduction in quality or quantity leads to dissatisfaction. According to , consumers use the height of the container in making volume judgment. Customers engage in quality assurance behaviors in attempts to increase their satisfaction and to recover from service failures. A study on Consumer response to service and product quality explained that negative service incidents can harm owner perceptions of both the dealer and the manufacturer.

Hypothesis A hypothesis was designed to know if the ...

Before the author examines some of the research designs used in the specified articles, it is prudent that the author defines what research design is. The term research design simply means the methodology and the procedure which the researcher has used to conduct a scientific research. The following paragraphs shall focus on the research designs used in the following articles.

- Kvalem, Sundet, Riv??, Eilertsen, and Bakketeig (1996) article?.

The correct research design for this article is the survey research design. The fact that the pretest questionnaires had been handed out directly to the students in the classrooms ...

Overview of the performance

According to an article published on Market Watch Samsung Electronics reported that the net profit of the company rose by 5.2% which could be estimated to $1.8 Billion. The results were achieved by the successful sales of LCD panels. The sales of the company increased dramatically from 18.1 trillion won a year earlier to 21 trillion won comparatively. This rise which was observed in the share price of Samsung Electronics was 0.8% during the morning trade in Seoul (Kitchen, 2009)

The South Korean electronics giant Samsung Electronics announced an issues which the company was facing regarding the management shake ups. ...

- Bookmakers owning series of betting shops. The customers will be available in the shops for betting on horse race. A sample data was collected from 150 shops. In that 50 days are Saturday and 150 days are week end. The scatter plot has been plotted between the expenditure per customers against the number of races and against the square root of races. The scatter plot against the expenditure per customers and the square root of races fits the best linear regression graph than the number of races. In statistics the slope of square roots makes the best fit ...

1. A t-test would be of help in comparing the two different groups' blood pressure average before and after being subjected to the drug. The difference will be meaningful and real if:

The responses are constantly close enough to the average value with a low standard deviation from the mean value. The differences between the averages are large.

The t test effect size and the t test statistical significance are the two primary outputs of the t test. Statistical significance helps indicate whether the difference existing between sample averages represents actual differences between my populations (my two group ...

Elderly depression stems from a variety of causes. Elderly men encompass the highest suicide rate in the United States. The condition affects 6.5 million out of 35 millions Americans aged 65 years old and above.

Some of the identified causes of depression among the elderly are; - Memory problems - Social withdrawal - Confusion - Demanding behavior - Lack of active movements

Depressive disorders are described in the Diagnostics and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) that caused by general medical condition. Variants of geriatric-spectrum of depression were introduced to reflect differentiate depletion syndrome ...

The importance of accounting analysis was emphasized in the Chapter 3. The authors stated that disclosures of the financial statements are made on the basement of accounting analysis. Also, they noted that understanding of accounting information collected helps use the financial information more effectively.

Chapter 3 of the book highlights three important concepts namely: factors influencing the quality of financial reports based on accounting analysis, the drivers of accounting choices, and incentives of the managers that should be considered when making the financial reports. According to Sarbanes-Oxley Act, CEO, CFO, Board of Directors ...

ABSTRACT:

This paper present the literature review related to the change in organizational culture and innovation. The paper describes the critical aspect of organizational change in culture. To evaluate the understanding of the cultural models different researches has been included and studied intensively. For better understanding the literature from the organizational behaviour, organizational culture and behaviour, human psychology, human resource, and Industry best practices, some business professionals who are expert in their field are also a part of this research. To widen the understanding of organizational culture and also how it may affect on innovation and creativity the research is conducted ...

ABSTRACT

The aim of this dissertation is mainly to analyzethe risk in the New York Stock Exchange using Statistical aspects and the computation of Value at Risk. The technique of Value at Risk or Value at Risk (VaR) is a methodology to standardize the calculation of the various risks that occur in a business e.g. banks, stock exchanges and corporations. The risk is defined as the probability of obtaining a result different than expected, the factors that will depend on the position of the entity, the risk factor under consideration and the time of calculation. Thus, the VaR seeks to establish quantitatively the ...

R code for importing data and calculating its properties (R statistical Programming)

xdata= read.table("athletes.csv", header =T, sep = ",", row.names = 1);x=xdata[,1] # import median(x); mean(x); sd(x); range(x); var(x); hist(x, col="blue") # Calculations [1] 100, [1] 100, [1] 17.84985, [1] 70 130, [1] 318.6172 #Output

Frequency distribution R code

b.break=seq(70,130,2); x.cut = cut(x, b.break, right=F); x.freq = table(x.cut); ...

Abstract

In the contemporary business society, different nations try to adopt the idea of outsourcing as an instrument of improving the growth of their economy. Outsourcing is attained through different ways that a country would consider beneficial to the growth of its economy. Such ways may include importing cheaply skilled labor from foreign countries, investing some part of a company’s income to foreign countries, shipping manufactured goods to a foreign country to be sold there and many other ways which are mainly adopted to improve the country’s economic growth. Outsourcing may, however, exhibit divergent impacts to the county’s ...

Introduction

The achievement gap in formal schooling between African American children and other groups is stark. This has proven consistent over time (Coleman, et al, 1966), across jurisdictions (Clotfelter, Ladd & Vigdor, 2009; Bailey & Dziko, 2008), and throughout the K-12 system (The National Center for Education Statistics, 2014). Improving these issues is an obvious direction forward. Yet, the obstacles are numerous and multifaceted (Sanacore, 2004). Relative to the public domain, the school system is often targeted for a lack of understanding in relation to educating young African Americans of low socio-economic status. The curriculum is long been criticized for being de-contextualized to ...

Executive Summary

The aluminum manufacturing company faces many operational challenges. They have to analyze the performance of different sections. To do that they have at data from previous year about main inputs that go into aluminum production. In addition, they use other chemicals as a part of manufacturing process. In terms of output they produce four grades of metal. They have also to account for some about of production loss and level of impurities. Finally, as a measure of ultimate performance, they have to take into account power consumption and percentage efficiency.

As a part of efficiency improvement exercise, statistical analysis of various ...

Introduction

Projects are capital base investments, which entail the execution of facilities’ development, infrastructural build-up and maintenance of existing infrastructures in order to create satisfactory utility to those using the projects when completed. Private individual, business organization and government can enforce projects. Government at all level engages itself in the implementation of projects and property acquisition at large scale for a better living and enforcing development to areas under their governance. The implementation of projects and the maintenance of properties for public usage should be carefully implemented to make it effectively meet the objectives in which the project planners have in ...

Summary of Negotiation Process

The process of negotiation is part of the daily procedures in the faculties of business and no exceptional in engineering. The process is a two-way initiative, a give-take setting making the undertaking an important step in the present and the future status of the company. Poor negotiation attributes can cripple and devastate business and just as swift in loosing clients (ECV 4923, ‘Lecture notes’ 1).

In the case scenario provided it is evident that the supply contract process was elaborate; that is, it involved supplying a wide range of products and encompassing a number of sub-contractors and high prospective risks. However, the ...

There is a relationship between volcanic eruption and the climate of a place. After the eruption, the poisonous sulphur dioxide which is emitted out as a volcanic product, reacts and get oxidized to form sulphate aerosols in the stratosphere, hence affecting the climate adversely (Forster 2007). Volcanic ashes and particles having diameter larger than 2 um also affects the atmosphere. According to Ramaswamy (1996), ozone depletion results when the volcanic aerosols react with the balanced chemistry in the stratosphere. Mid and high latitudes volcanic eruptions create drastic climatic changes. The aerosols here retain over the hemisphere and cause climate to change. For ...

a. The study framework used in this study was clearly identified as Lee et al., (2004) model of impaired sleep. This model provides that sleep loss or poor quality of sleep is as a result of inadequate sleep or disruption of sleep. It also provides that secondary factors that may also affect sleep include lifestyle situations and health-related problems.

b. The discussion used in the framework aims to link the concept of sleep loss and the increase of a person’s inability to perform various duties. The article cites various key areas affected by loss of sleep. The framework focuses on ...

Introduction

The entire concept of both of these things is vital for an organization and the importance of the same thing cannot be derailed from any standpoint. In finance, the name of Financial Modeling is one of them, which has its own significance and importance. Theoretically, financial modeling is basically a task of building an abstract of representation of a real world and financial institution. Financial Model is usually known as a mathematical model represents the asset class of a financial based asset or a portfolio of a business or an individual . The essence of financial modeling is increasing day by day in number of countries ...

Exam #1

- What are the two types of statistics? (5pts.)

The two types of statistics are descriptive and inferential. In descriptive statistics, the data of a population is summarized graphically or numerically through derivation of statistics related to central tendency and dispersion around the same. The shape and nature of distribution is also used in descriptive statistics. In inferential statistics, the parameters of a population are inferred according to sample statistics. This involves the estimation of statistics of a group allowing for approximation of information data relating to the entire population. In this type of statistics, modeling are used to generate mathematical ...

- The beta estimates are reasonable. The beta coefficients of all the assets are less than one which, when compared to the market beta of one indicates that the price of the investment will be less volatile than the market. This is due to the fact that the betas of these investments are less than the market value which is taken as the benchmark value.

- The most important measure of risk in this situation is the calculation of Sharpe ratio. This is because this ratio measures the risk adjustment performance of the investment as opposed to standard deviation ...

Patel, P., & Sen, B. (2012). Ten motherhood and long-term health consequences. Matern Child Health J,16(5), 1063-1071. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21656056

In this article, the researchers, Patel and Sen, have tried to ascertain the association between teen motherhood and the long-term physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) health outcomes. They have used the physical and mental components of SF-12 Healthy Survey in the NLSY79 health module to evaluate the health outcomes of teenage mothers. Various other parameters such as familial, demographic and environmental have been used as comparison as well. The teen mothers have also been compared with two ...

The first table presented a matrix of correlations coefficients for Exam performance, Exam anxiety and Time spent revising. It was found that performance in exam was negatively linked to exam anxiety; the Pearson Correlation was r = −.441. P value was less than 0.05 so this relation is significant. It was also found that exam performance was significantly positively correlated to time spent revising; r = 0.3967 and p < 0.001. Lastly, exam anxiety appears to be significantly negatively linked to time spent revising (r = -0.709, p= 0.000). The above Descriptive table presented the mean and standard deviation of all the four ...

Research methodology describes the research design, data collection and analysis of data for interpretation of phenomenon under the study. Research methods are classified in to two namely qualitative and quantitative. The classification is based on the kind of phenomenon under the study. There is no research method, which is more suitable than the other the suitability depends on the nature of the study. Qualitative method is used in study of natural phenomenon that is observed in natural social science. They facilitate the researcher to research and study cultural phenomenon under social science. This method is naturalistic and studies the ...

The Blade Runner Strategy

The method that I preferred was the Blade Runner Strategy. The reason that I prefer the strategy was because the treading signals are based on pure price action (Archer, 2007: McDonell, 2008). As such, they are entirely founded on the principles of financial economics. Also, the method is suitable in this case since off chart indicators do not play a major role in it. However, they can be used as an enhancement tool since this is a speculative affair. Therefore, this enables concentration on the on chart activities thus maximising the value of the decisions that are made. Moreover, the Blade ...

A manager is an individual with the capability of uniting subjects in order to accomplish desired goals and objectives using the available resources effectively and efficiently (Fayol, 2008). Managers are normally challenged to lead their firm’s teams and department in an effort to define the roles and responsibility of the workers. The acronym POLC refers to a summary of the four basic functions of managers which include planning, organizing, leading and corporation (Justin Tan & Litsschert, 2006). However, these functions can be applied to a level of management hierarchy. Therefore, there are three levels of management, which include top or ...

Abstract

This study focuses on how education and the level of unemployment are related. In our daily activities, education has proved to be inevitable. Most of the knowledge acquired by people comes as a result of having education. Education is known to solve many problems in the world. That is one of the major reasons why it is treasured as a basic commodity in our daily activities. Education may be in two forms: formal and informal. These two types are distinct since they involve different methods of teaching. Formal education may involve going to modern schools in order to attain quality education. ...

Tax Expenditure Budget: State of Illinois

Tax expenditure denotes the various tax breaks such as exemptions, credits, abatements, among others that are granted to individuals, institutions and various agencies for the common objectives of promoting equity and other taxation principles. In other words, tax expenditures have the predictable impact of reducing the revenue base which, otherwise, would have been derived from the forgone taxes. The tax expenditure is guided by a budget and the implementation reports are availed under the auspices of the Office of Comptroller of Budget of the State of Illinois. According to the available information, in the fiscal year 2011 alone, state agencies ...

A public corporation is an organization that is formed by the government to perform certain functions. This corporation has many advantages. In the first place, the corporation has finance to acquire the best management personnel. Therefore, the organization has the ability to perform well due to good management.

Public corporations have no limited life. They are initiated to perform their activities and they cannot close easily unless the government decides to do so. The corporations have a good capital base. It can be able to easily access funds to increase its investment hence expand its activities. When the corporation is ...

Measurement in this case refers to use and application of rules for assigning numbers to different objects. Different measurement scales are applied for different classes of objects. For instance, measuring a height of a sample population may be done in inches, whereas the weight of the sample population may be done in kilograms. The scale measurement constitutes three important properties. According to Kaplan and Saccuzzo (27), these are magnitude, absolute zero, and equal intervals. Magnitude refers to the ability to represent more, less or equal attributes of a given entity or object. This is clearly shown in a scale of weight where one ...

Introduction

This paper discusses inventory management techniques used by firms. It also discusses techniques used by American Airlines to minimize costs and maximize profits.

Inventory management

Inventory management entails the processes and functions responsible for the maintenance, record keeping, reception and delivery of inventory and related products in any given business concern. The inventory management is one of the functions that any business organization should strategically address if is to achieve its profit maximization and costs minimization objectives. Inventory should be managed well so as to incur related management costs in the least way possible. Businesses employ different techniques and approaches in ...

1. Describe the role probability information plays in the decision-making process.

Decision making involves selecting best alternative based on personal values and preferences. Therefore, a decision can only be made from some possible alternatives provided. The decision arrived is taken to be rational if it was the one which had the highest probability of success and it serves the decision makers life goals, desires, values and lifestyle. Likewise, in business organization the managers strive to make decisions which can propel an organization towards achieving its goals. They always consider the probability of an event occurring or even not occurring, and then they settle on one of the possible alternatives (McClave, Benson, ...

1. Role a sample plays in making statistical inferences about the population

The sample plays an essential role in the process of making statistical inferences about the population. Ordinarily, the entire population is usually too large to be fully studied. The limitations that limit study of an entire population include costs, time and convenience in the application of the study modes. A sample from the entire population is selected. It is assumed that the sample would be representative of the entire population and contains minimum bias towards any aspect of the population. The sample, therefore, forms the basis on which the population characteristics are inferred. The researchers assume that the characteristics ...

Question 1

In business terms, risk can be explained as the inability to make correct anticipations or predictions about the incomes a business expects to realize in the future. A business faces risk due to the fact that it cannot accurately predict whether it will earn enough money to sustain its existence in future periods. Diversification, on the other hand, refers to the process of making several different investments that are not related so as to reduce the level of risk an investor faces.

Businesses may measure the amount of risk they face by analyzing the level of standard deviation they record ...

1 (a). Study by Koutsoumanis et al, the survey on time-temperature conditions of the Hellenic pasteurized milk’s chill chain, the data were gathered through the exhaustive survey of temperature and time conditions during transportation to the storage at retail and domestic storage.

The truck’s temperature during transportation had mean of 6.7 and 6.5 median, making the average temperature of 6.66 °C and 2.0 h standard deviation (Koutsoumanis et al, 2010, p.2). The time of transportation is measured with weibull distribution model which is a fully parametric model. Weibull distribution is a more generalized form of the exponential (Wahingtom et ...

“Growth” and “development” are not the same. Growth means specific observable physical changes taking place in a child throughout most of his life due to increase in both the quantity and size of the existing body cells. These include increase in height, weight, head circumference, body shape, and shoe size as well as the length of the arms & legs. Development, on the other hand, is progressively evolutionary process of advancement from simplicity to complexity, along a defined path, marked by increased intelligence, knowledge, behavior and skill-sets. The growth and development cycle gauges the actual developmental progress using two ...

In statistics, distribution of a data population pertains to how data is spread out within the given population and how these are arranged. There are several statistical measures that used in describing how specific data are spread out within a given population. One is by using the ranger which measures the ranged of values within a population, the deviation, which is the difference each value in the population from the mean among others. The statistic or measure of dispersion that looks into the looseness or tightness of data is the standard deviation. It measures how often a data deviates from the norm of ...

Introduction

The primary transmission route of all microorganisms, including the multi-resistant variety in healthcare facilities is the Health Care Workers’ unwashed hands. Infections affect an average of one in every ten admissions to hospitals. Hence, hand hygiene is considered the basis of any initiative designed to prevent and control infection. Hand hygiene is crucial to the prevention or reduction of infections associated with healthcare. Health care workers are required to maintain hand hygiene at some critical points in their duties. Nurses are among the Health Care Workers who have the greatest contact with patients. Hence, it is imperative for them ...