Essays on Deviation

Introduction

The trade-off between risk and return is an always been a concerned for the analysts and researchers and the concepts related to the same are extremely effective and essential. Financial Management is one of the largest fields which have different dominating options embedded in it. Financial Management is a combination of two things that are managing and finance. It means that the management of the financial function is more than essential and effective for the sake of the organization (Elton, Gruber, Brown & Goetzmann, n.d.).
The concept of risk and return has number of aspects as well in which different Continue reading...

Executive Summary

The probability function is also in the favor of the company, and found that the chance of earning high is effective and powerful as far as the effectiveness of the company are concerned. The company should go forward with the same aspect in order to grow its market substantially and effectively in different regions.

Introduction

Decision making is an important activity for an organization, and it is equally beneficial for the long term sustainability of an entity in a particular industry (Allayannis and Brown, 2005). The value of decision making can be analyzed with the fact that the whole effectiveness Continue reading...

Introducing the Scenario

Investment analysis is always been a challenge for the analysts, as it has a large trade-off related to return and risk. The management of investment is a topic which is high in demand from number of years, as it has the most important significance associated with it, which is yield. In the field of financial management, a yield is referred as an output or return which ultimately emerged as one of the essentials for the analyst or a researcher (Chandra, Comora & Cole, 2003).
There are two different kinds of investors are there, Active Investor and passive investor. An Active Continue reading...

Answer a)

T-Bills are independent from state of economy on account of having back up faith of US Treasury. In other words, T-Bills are risk free from default probability because the return of 5.5% will be realized irrespective of state of economy. US Treasury will have to redeem the T-Bills in any economic state.
However, the rate of 5.5% is composed of Risk Free Rate(2.5%) + Inflation premium(3%) and since there is uncertainty about level of inflation in the future, T-Bills are not purely risk free in terms of purchasing power. For Example if Inflation averaged to be 3.5% during Continue reading...

Gulf Real Estate Properties

Introduction:
The following is a discussion of the various characteristics of Gulf View condominiums (GVC) and non- Gulf View condominiums (Non-GVC). Various descriptive statistics including the mean and standard deviation are explored. An analysis of differences using two-sample t test is undertaken to determine differences in selling prices and days to sell. The confidence intervals are determined and the sample size required to achieve desired margin of errors is determined. GVC refers to Gulf View condominiums while non-GVC refers to non-Gulf View condominiums.

Gulf Real Estate Properties characteristics:

Descriptive statistics for GVC indicate that the mean list price is 474, the mean sale price Continue reading...

Purpose:

Being a finance enthusiast, I decided to go for recent closing prices of S& P 500 index from the period September 8th- September 19th. The reason for selecting the data was to unfold the financial numbers using the statistical techniques ranging from Histogram to Normal Distribution study. This particular project will also deepen my understanding of various statistical techniques.

Data:

The data related to closing price for multiple dates of S&P 500 is sourced from Yahoo Finance. Important to note, we will be using only the adjusted closing prices incorporating the effect of dividends and stock splits. Below is the Continue reading...

It would be prudent to use a sample as a statistical representation of the entire population.

A suitable sample is where n≤30 , and an appropriate distribution assumed for the data. For a data set/sample Xi , i=1,2,n,where n≤30 with mean x , consider an individual observation xi. Then (xi-x) is the distance of xi from the mean, also called the deviation. The two can be thought of as points plotted on a line graph. It might be logical to use |xi-x| in analyzing this deviation but the graph of such an absolute function gives a nasty kink where x=0. The best option would be to use (xi -x)2, since this gives Continue reading...

Introduction

Investment and risk are the two sides of a same picture, and there are no two ways to find the close relationship of both of these variables in a perfect manner (Anderson & Styan, 1990). The tradeoff of investment and risk is highly effective for an investor, because an investor would be more cautious about the association and addressing of risk, rather than of yield. Risk or deviation can also be termed as volatility in the field of finance, and the computation related to the same would be extremely critical.
During the current global financial crisis (GFC), there were numerous Continue reading...

I work as a lecturer in a university that offers a variety of courses to students. In this University, the admitted students come and pursue either diploma courses, degree courses or post graduate courses. Besides, the university offers a large collection of course choices. This wide collection of courses has led to the establishment of different colleges within the university. Among these colleges are the college of biological and physical sciences, college of humanities and social sciences, college of education and college of health sciences. It is within the college of biological and physical sciences that I work. This college is further divided into two schools: school of biological and school of physical sciences. In particular, I work within the school of biological sciences. Continue reading...

Standard deviation has many applications in the world, both in business and personal use. For instance, it can be used to determine what mutual funds would be wise to invest in. Standard deviation is a popular method used by investors because it can provide a precise measure of a funds variances during a particular time frame (News.morningstar.com, 2015). It can show these variances both on the upside and downside (News.morningstar.com, 2015). By analyzing standard deviation, one can determine what range future returns will likely be in (News.morningstar.com, 2015). If a funds returns fluctuate more month to month, than the Continue reading...

Abstract

The research was conducted to address a conflicting situation that seeks to find out between male and female who are more intelligent? The research was not that broad but pursued to deal with school going teenagers and check on their recall capabilities, basing on their gender. The research has been conducted several times before with different researchers yielding different results. By doing the research, we used direct observation from the available specimens. Observations were made on the answers given by the respondent in the interviews that were conducted by the research team. Through the research, several results were obtained. Continue reading...

Introduction

Pfizer Inc. is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world. It has its headquarter in New York City and its research headquarter in Connecticut. It develops and produces medicines and vaccines for a wide range of medical disciplines i.e.Immunology, oncology, cardiology, diabetology/endocrinology, and neurology.
The Coca-Cola Company is the largest manufacturer, retailer and marketer of soft-drink in the world. It is an American company which produces a carbonated soft drink. It has a presence in over 200 countries around the globe and approximately 1.6 billion serving of Coke and Sprite are consumed per day.
Wal-Mart Stores is Continue reading...

Objective of the study

The focus of this study will include five variables, one dependent and four independent variables. The study will also review statistics from 1823, is a yearly event that takes place in March/April each year to coincide with the Easter festive and holiday period. The primary independent variable is reason and the other three independent variables are gender, party, and believe. In this study, these variables will be explored, and various descriptive statistics will be explored between the dependent variables and the independent variables. In this study, these variables will be explored and the correlation between the dependent variable, age, Continue reading...

1. Box-and-whiskers Plot
Box-and-whiskers plot is a graphical representation of data that shows the values of quartiles (i.e. quartile 1, 2 and 3) within a rectangular box. In this graph, the ends of the box represent quartile 1 (Q1) and quartile 3 (Q3), while quartile 2 (Q2) represents the median-the horizontal line inside the box. The length of the box-the difference between Q1 and Q3-is known as the interquartile range (i.e. IQR = Q3-Q1). Whiskers are lines inside the box drawn at the median. These lines represent extreme values within the observable range. It is also the line which corresponds Continue reading...

Abstract

This is analysis report of the number of customers who entered a small hardware shop each day of the week for 40 weeks. A total of 6409 customers visited the hardware for the entire duration. Saturdays recorded 2005 visitors which was the highest while Wednesdays recorded 406 which was the least. Together, the last three days, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday accounted for 71% of the total number of customers. On average about 26 customers visited the hardware per week. The trend line graph showed that the number of customers who visited the hardware on Mondays, Tuesdays, and Wednesday increased Continue reading...

A collision refers to a physical situation where kinetic energy of momentum of an object is transferred from an object to the other one. In physics, collisions are classified as either elastic or inelastic. Conservation laws; energy conservation and momentum conservation are important tools in the analysis of collisions. Various literatures and experimental studies have confirmed that it is difficult to assess the interaction of bodies during collision. Therefore, main objective of this work is to demonstrate to relate the various parameters such as velocities and masses of the system using the principle of conservation of energy and momentum.

The momentum of an object of mass, m and velocity, v is represented mathematically as shown below:

Continue reading...

Abstract

This is a quantitative methods and analysis paper for gender and extrinsic job satisfaction based on the data from a survey conducted by American Intellectual Union. It analyzes extrinsic job satisfaction using measures of central tendency and variation and gender using measures of distribution.

Introduction

There were 9 variables examined in the study conducted by the AIU which include gender, position, age, department, position, intrinsic job satisfaction, extrinsic job satisfaction, overall job satisfaction and benefits. However, this paper only analyses two variables. One is quantitative while the other is qualitative.

Chosen Variables

Gender and extrinsic job satisfaction were chosen for purposes of Continue reading...

Questions

Questions

- The population is set of all measurements of the focus while the sample is a subset of the population. It is vital for a researcher to study the sample in order to detect a statistically vital outcome. Sampling error is an error which is obtained from samples when estimating the population size.
- Descriptive statistics deal with procedure used to summarize the information in the set of measurement. For example, collection and summarization. Inferential statistics use procedures to make predictions of a population. For example, hypothesis testing. The researcher uses them to establish relationships between variables.
- Continue reading...

Introduction

According to medical studies, caffeine a stimulant drug contained in coffee, affects the heart rate of a human being. A state-of-the-art medical facility, Premiere Hospital wants to determine whether or not to serve caffeinated beverages to their patients in waiting rooms; the hospital would like to establish whether a relationship exists between coffee and the human heart rate. The hospital tested a sample of fifteen patients to whom they had served coffee, and obtained data. Each patient’s heart rate was recorded before and after taking a caffeinated beverage. This analysis seeks to establish whether there is a significant Continue reading...

Introduction

In any field of engineering, precision is very important. This is mainly because any inaccuracy of any kind can have disastrous results. This is the main idea that has led to the increased push for all engineering students to do engineering drawings and dynamics even if the student does not major in any mechanical or structural fields which are mainly known to heavily rely on drawings and design.
In the specific field of study, stress and strain in any component is directly affected by its physical dimensions. This is well explained and exhibited in the experiment in which the Continue reading...

Descriptive Statistics

Mean and standard deviation
Mean = Summation / Sample size
Summation = 3 + 5 + 6 + 6 + 8 + 8 + 9 + 9 + 9 + 10 + 11 + 45 = 129
Sample size = 129/12 = 10.75
Standard deviation = √ Σ(x- µ) 2/N-1
Where;
X represents each score

µ is the mean

N is the sample size
Σ(x- µ) 2 = (3-10.75)2 + (5-10.75)2+ (6-10.75)2+ (6-10.75)2 + (8-10.75)2 + (8-10.75)2 + (9-10.75)2 + (9-10.75)2
+ (9-10.75)2 + (10-10.75)2 + (11-10.75)2 + (45-10.75)2 = 1336.25

Therefore;

Standard deviation = √ {1336.25/ (12-1)} = 11.02

Comparison of the two treatments
The mean number of months that the new treatment delays significant disability and complications of the disease is 10.75 with a Continue reading...

MODULE 1

2. Displays
Histograms are used to show distributions of variables while bar charts are used to compare variables. Histograms plot quantitative data with ranges of the data grouped into bins or intervals while bar charts plot categorical data.

Whereas an example of a bar graph data would show what percentage of people with a certain hair type have a certain eye color.
3. Linear regression
We are comparing the birth rate and the life expectancy in third world countries such as Somalia, Tanzania, Zambia, adding a few developed countries in the end such as France and the Netherlands. It Continue reading...

Economics is a broad field which has its active recognition in almost every walk of life. Economics is the name of how to earn the money and how to consume it and it is one of the most effective things. There are two different types of economics, which particularly are microeconomics and macroeconomics. There are a number of concepts which specifically come under the ambit of Economics and among them; the name of Taylor Rule is one of them, which specifically associated with the leverage and debt . The main perspective of this assignment is to analyze leverage of financial Continue reading...

Gravimetric analysis

Introduction
Gravimetric analysis is a method of measuring of mass of chemical substances. This analysis can be classified in two types; precipitation and volatilization (Bassett et al.). In precipitation method some steps, involved to determine quantify of the chemical substances, are separation of an ion in aqueous solution by a reaction, filtering and washing the precipitate, converting the precipitate to a substance of known composition, and lastlytaking weight of the precipitate as well asevaluating its mass. The chemical substance must be precipitated fully.Theunknown amount of original ion can be evaluated from the mass and known composition of the precipitate. Continue reading...

According to the initial requirements, two sections of data have been chosen: Gender (Male / Female) (Qualitative Data) and Intrinsic Job Satisfaction (Satisfaction with the actual performance of the job) (Quantitative Data). Gender is widely considered during the recruitment procedure by potential employers and, sometimes, immensely influences the final decision on the acceptation of the candidate. Intrinsic Job Satisfaction is undoubtedly paramount for the motivation of the employee, which is a cornerstone of a productive labor.
As per the statistical research conducted, the following results for Intrinsic Job Satisfaction have been obtained: set of data consisted of 112 observations. Continue reading...

The relationship between the sample size for controls testing and each of the following factors:

- The likely effectiveness of a control
Controls are categorized differently when it comes to control-testing, but they all operate in a methodical manner that enables the sample size for control testing to take place. They as well enable the auditors to carry out a comparison of the upper deviation rates something that results to the acceptable rates in the sampling size for control testing. As a result, they might be termed as advisory tools that might be valuable and expedient for the management personnel.
- The acceptable rate of deviation
Rate of deviation denotes the miscalculations and inaccuracies Continue reading...

Introduction

Coca Cola Company
Coca-Cola Company is one of the biggest manufacturing firm which produces soft drinks in the world. It has its operation in more than 200 countries, and it sells around 1.6 billion servings of Coke, Fanta and Sprite in each day. It is an American company and produces carbonated soft drinks sold almost all over the world under the trademark of Coca-Cola.

AT&T Inc.

AT&T is an American multinational company established to deliver telephone service in the United States. At present, it stands as the largest service provider of mobile as well as fixed telephone line. It is the Continue reading...

Introduction

This paper reports the results of hypothesis test conducted on eleven variables captured in the Springdale community shopping survey. The null hypothesis was rejected in nine out of the eleven variables analyzed.

Analysis

- Mean and standard deviation

Springdale Mall

Mean = 3.813
Standard deviation = 1.064

Downtown

Mean = 3.407
Standard deviation = 1.124

West Mall

= 3.287
Standard deviation = 1.183
- Hypothesis testing

Springdale

Null hypothesis: H0:  µ = 3.0

Alternative hypothesis: H1: µ ≠ 3.0

T-calculated = (- ∆) ÷ (/)
Where ∆ = 3.0
9.360
T-critical = 1.655

T-calculated value is greater than upper t-critical value

Null hypothesis is rejected
Downtown
Null hypothesis: H0:  µ = 3.0

Alternative hypothesis: H1: µ ≠ 3.0

T-calculated = (- ∆) ÷ (/)
Where ∆ = 3.0
4.432
T-critical = 1.655

T-calculated value is greater than upper t-critical value

Null hypothesis is rejected
West Mall
Null hypothesis: H0:  µ = 3.0

Alternative hypothesis: H1: µ ≠ 3.0

T-calculated = (- ∆) ÷ (/)
Where ∆ = 3.0
2.967
Continue reading...

<Student’s name>
<University>
I. Introduction

In this research work we will learn the basic methods and principles of statistical data processing.

The topic we have chosen for our data is information about basic parameters of 406 cars.
Here they are:
- Miles per gallon
- Engine size
- Horse power
- Car weight in lbs
- Time needed to accelerate to 60 miles per hour (in second)
- The year when the car was made
- Country of origin (1: America, 2: European, 3: Japanese)
Also we include a filter parameter - An SPSS generated variable for identifying how the data are filtered. 0: Not selected, 1: Selected. This was accomplished by Continue reading...

Introduction

Knowing what is right from wrong constitutes the main idea of ethics. In order to promote social order, societies have constructed sets of ethical norms constituting values shared by members thereof. However, there is an understanding that every society has different sets of ethical norms, simply because of the fact that external factors brought forth by the environment and conflict experiences have affected each of them, as they specifically thrive in a particular area. Different communities involve various members with their specific set of experiences that eventually form part of ethical systems when shared. Therefore, the idea of a Continue reading...

<Student’s Name><University>

Abstract

Six Sigma is a production management concept, developed at Motorola Corporation in the 1980s and popularized in the mid-1990s, after Jack Welch used it as a key strategy in General Electric. The essence of the concept is the need to improve the quality of the outputs of each of the processes to minimize defects and statistical variations in operating activities. The concept of using quality management methods, including statistical methods require the use of measurable goals and results, and involves the creation of ad hoc working groups in the company, with projects to Continue reading...

Quantitative Methods

Holding period return
Holding period return is the total returns received from holding a particular investment portfolio of assets. The holding period return rate usually calculated as the total sum of all income and capital gains of the investments divided by the investment value at the beginning of the trading period being measured (Hallerbach, 2003). It is a very basic way used to measure the rate of return obtained from a particular investment. Therefore, its calculation is based on a unit-value-invested rather than on a time basis. This, however, makes it difficult to provide a comparison of returns on Continue reading...

Introduction

Fashion industry is a highly lucrative and competitive business. It will be vital for the craft business to adopt statistical quality control, which ensures that the products are of high quality, and consumers are fully satisfied with what they receive. This can be achieved by employing certain quality characteristics following statistical guidelines, as well as, conducting statistical analyses on the products quite often. The location of the business and the capacity of the facility are vital in the overall cost management of the business. Additionally, coming up with a favorable work system design and business management are crucial Continue reading...

Executive Summary

It is important to keep the customer requirements and preferences in mind in order to provide the best possible service and Sa Pisitta Supermarket is taking the opportunity in order to conduct a detailed analysis in order to come up with the solutions which can help them to target and attract their customers in a better manner. The variables defined are mainly the age, gender, distance and average monthly spent of the customers. The analysis targets an understanding of the association between different variables and how they impact each other. The overall data variables are converted into numeric responses Continue reading...

Conise Management

a)Caledonia should focus on cash flows instead of accounting profits while making their capital-budgeting decisions because cash flows represents the actual cash that Caledonia receives from the project and can reinvest it in other viable ventures. The timing of the actual costs and benefits can only be analyzed using the cash flows and not the accounting profits. Accounting profit includes some non-cash expenses such as depreciation which do not represent actual cash outflows at that point in time.
In making capital budgeting decisions, it is only the incremental cash flows and not the accounting profit that are of Continue reading...

Industry Report: Banking

Introduction
When it comes to an industry, then there are number of things which have been taken into account for the same. The essence of effectiveness and productivity always been associated with an industry and the stance of effectiveness depends upon certain factors. There are number of industries working in the world and all of the industries have their own significance and importance lies in a broad nutshell. There are certain aspects which have to be taken into consideration by an organization or by an industry in order to become competitive and eminent in a certain industry.
Financial Productivity Continue reading...

the institutional affiliation

Absract

This paper explores hate crimes against people with a homosexual orientation. It gives examples of such crimes in the United States of America. This paper also considers ways out from this problem and possible decisions. There are also viewed key reasons of homosexuality and government’s attitude towards gays and lesbians. This paper suggests to strength psychological help, for example to create psychological centers, for those who want to change their non-traditional sexual orientation. It is also recommended to punish people committing hate crimes, because it is a deviation as well. This paper examines studies of Continue reading...

Risk-Adjusted Ratio

Standard Deviation:
In finance, standard deviation is a tool for statistical measurement of volatility in the stock returns. Higher the standard deviation of stock, more is its tendency from its expected returns. Hence, the investor has to face high risk if he invests in that particular stock and will demand higher return for taking high risk.

Beta:

A standard measure for market risk, Beta measures stock volatility in comparison to the market. For Instance, since the market portfolio has Beta of 1, any stock with Beta value of 1 means that it will move with the market. Similarly, if a Continue reading...

Answer 1)

Referring to the calculations performed in Part 1, we found the following results related to each stock:
The above results indicate that Amgen Inc, offered highest average monthly return of 1.68%, followed by Raytheon Inc. with 1.60% and then the market index S&P 100 with the return of 1.09%. Our results go with the risk-return relationship as the stock with highest return, i.e. Amgen Inc. attracts maximum volatility. Here we have measured the stock volatility with standard deviation and as a core notion of the concept of portfolio management, high returns are followed with high risk and the concept Continue reading...

Every organization is developed through formulation of a plan. The plan can be either arbitrarily present in the mind of the founder or well documented by a panel of experts after due deliberations. The size and operational level of the organization determine the extent to which expertise are applied for the formulation of the organizational plan. An organizational plan forms the basis of an organization through defining its mission, vision, values, structure, size, type, processes, resources and strategies etc. The organizational plan for a fictional company named zRock Inc. is developed in this paper that requires detailed considerations to Continue reading...