Essays on Deviant

Theories are important tools in enabling people understand and explain how society functions. Criminology, enable us appreciate the criminal justice system. Theories inform people on the things they should be aware and what they need to know. They include the breaching and making of the law, crimes and deviant behavior, and also arrangements of criminal activity. Many theories have common features, but differences among them are still in existence.

Classical school of criminology differs from other schools of criminological theories in that, the classical school of criminology based its arguments upon utilitarian notions of free will and choice. ...

Arguably, supporters of symbolic interactionism encouraged a good deal and research on issues pertaining to race and racism. The theory of symbolic interaction plays a tremendous role in elaborating issues of rate. Symbolic interactions assert that reality in society is a process that is negotiated and constructed. In universities, there are various aspects of racism that goes on, which is related to symbolic interactionism and labeling. For example, there are aspects in universities that other students are seen as deviant and others who are part of same behaviors are not viewed as deviant. It is evident that in most universities the minority ...

- What are the central assumptions of biological theories of crime?

The central assumptions of biological theories of crime are founded on the belief that some people are born criminals. The theory of deviance postulated by Cesare Lombroso developed the idea that criminals have distinct physical characteristics. Other biological theories of crime also associate criminal behavior to hormones, neurotransmitters, autonomic and central nervous system functions.

- What have research studies in the field of genetics had to say about possible causes of crime?

Researches and criminology treatises are exploring the various aspects by which genetics can ...

Adults are responsible for their actions. Today, that is what society says. A person does not do wrong things just because of his biological make up. That is a very old-fashioned thinking. Behavioral scientists have studied this topic since the 1800s. But they found out later on that there is no biological link to being a criminal (Crossman, 2000). Today, these studies look judgmental and discriminating, same as why people burned women on the stake when they thought they were witches. But science continues to advance. The knowledge about the human body increases. Some scientists still think there might be a connection ...

The biological study of criminal behavior is known as bio criminology. The theories suggest that a person deviate from the social norms and moral values due to his/her biological makeup. The biological interpretation of crime originated from the Italian school of criminology. It was advanced in the nineteenth century. A medical criminologist called Cesare Lombroso did a research and proved that crime comes from biological traits that are in some human beings. The theories originated in the year 1810 (Ferrell & Hayward, 2011).The biological theories of crime include: Lombroso’s Theory-This was advanced by an Italian criminologist in 1880s. He ...

Throughout the course of this essay I will attempt to construct a picture of modern techno cultures in respect of the laws and norms of the world they inhabit but don’t necessarily fit into. I will try to display to the reader that these techno cultures live within our world but outside our laws, they themselves construct their own laws as they live in their own worlds, they live in our world but in another world of their choosing. I will in a sense try to find reality in these virtual worlds and try to discover what is real and ...

Question1

For this particular scenario, I would use several layers of security because this compound is comprised of various components or buildings each having different significance or importance. Using different security for each layer would ensure that even if intruders are able to breach through one layer, they will be incapable of breaching the other layers using the same techniques that they might have used for the previous one (Bernard, 2007). I would, therefore, invite the best security experts to ensure the particular component of security that has been used one layer is not used on the other. The corporate ...

The labeling theory of juvenile delinquency deals with the effects of labeling on a juvenile behavior. Labels can be applied formally in courts and correction facilities or informally among peers. Frank Tennenbaum called this social labeling the dramatization of evil as it transforms the offender’s identity from the doer of evil to an evil person. Treatment-oriented reformers have been concerned with the potentially harmful effects upon individuals of arrest, court appearance and incarceration.

Once a person has been labeled a deviant or a delinquent, it is extremely hard to change that label. This result to self-rejection due to the self-fulfilling prophecies by ...

Integrity

Integrity

This is an ethical, legal and integrity question that needs to be interrogated in the best way possible. To start with, the name-calling in the workplace is uncalled for. It not only demoralizes the person who is being called the name, but it also creates a tense atmosphere since workmates are not respectful to one another. The officer in question is being referred to as “a rat” just because he testified against a person who committed a criminal offence. It was good of him to testify and ensure that justice was met because the hallmark of criminal law is to ensure ...

In the history of humanity, people have continued to give birth to children. Some children become a blessing to the parents and others to the society. There are those children on the other hand who become a curse to relatives and the society in general. One of the lens in which these children are assessed depends on how well or bad they relate with the society around them. At other times, the manner in which people relate with one is considered. Before one enters the adult hood, he/she undergoes through the childhood and adolescent stages. Here it is important to note ...

Criminal Law

Question No. 3

The biosocial perspective is an essential tool in order to develop both effective prevention and rehabilitation programs. Some of these biosocial factors include socio-economic deprivation, poor parental supervision, low intelligence, anti-social parents and siblings, harsh-child-rearing approach, delinquent friends and impaired decision-making (Cole and Gentz, 2013). Delinquency prevention efforts must not only be based on psychological but biosocial theories. Delinquency, especially on the part of the youth, should be directed at strengthening the child’s life at home and personal relationships. Family problems such as alcohol and drug-dependency issues, child abuse and sexual abuse can trigger deviant ...

In the article “Standards of Practice and Care in Forensic Mental Health Assessment. Legal, Professional, and Principal Based Consideration” the authors discuss three key principals that according to the them, "should help minimize arbitrariness in the legal decision-making process through promoting thoroughness, consistency, and impartiality." The goal is create a sense of consistency among forensic analyses.

In forensics, it is very important to produce legal sound consistent data. The use of reliable data is paramount in forming opinion. There is also a deep need to provide third party sources to insure that information is valid. Strategies are required for ...

Theories of Criminology and Deviance

Kraska, P. (2006). Criminal justice theory: Toward legitimacy and an infrastructure. Justice Quarterly, 23 (2), 168-185.

The article offers great and valuable information regarding the criminal justice theories that play a leading role in promoting justice in several criminal systems around the world. The source deals with the criminal justice theory, which deals with crime rates and crime. The article points out the fact that pursuing criminal justice is in some cases implicitly, and tacitly, referred to the narrow responsibility of descriptive and evaluative scholarship.

Thus, this article explores the details for the field’s failure to identify the prominence ...

Social process theory states that criminal behavior is as a result of the socialization process including the socio psychological interaction by the criminal with social organizations and institutions. The social process theory suggests that criminals opt to be involved in crime as a result of poor academic performance, pressure from colleagues, family issues, and legal entanglements in addition to other challenging situations. The theory mentions that anyone can be a criminal and is supported by the effect of family on young ones whereby there is a connection between behavioral problems and childhood experiences of hostility. Social structure theory states that the economically disadvantaged ...

INTRODUCTION

Industrial Organizational psychology is a branch of psychology that is concerned with workplace. It basically deals with the state of the workers and the organization in which they are employed in. In the current society, there is very high competition and growth of the economy and this has changed the workers attitudes, mental and physical development at the workplace. Organizational psychology is therefore inevitable if one wants to understand of organizational behavior, organizational breadth, and justice. Basically, organizational justice is focused on fairness within the organization by recognizing and considering differences in workers attitudes with special focus on turnover intentions, ...

In order to learn and train effectively, the United States Navy Academy has drafted a comprehensive organizational policy that is designed to ensure that all trainees become competent officers. The policy seeks to ensure that students have a safe, secure, friendly, and supportive learning environment that not only provides the necessary academy environment, but also provides an environment that creates an ambience which is student friendly. In order to arrive at this overriding objective, the academy has based its organizational policy on four key pillars. These include security, equality, responsibility, and accountability.

Before the policy was introduced in the academy, there ...

Test-Taking Behaviors (Validity)

The observation suggests a slight attempt to impress the other person however easy and continuous conversation. She seems to have very deviant social, political, or religious convictions however is moody, restless and opportunistic. It is visible that she is being defensive and unwilling to acknowledge psychological distress. Vrin and Trin in combination with other scores indicate that the responses may be mostly false and may not be psychopathologic. Clinical Presentation:She reports concern about bodily functioning and seems to be immature, stubborn, and selfish. Feel blue, unhappy, and dysphonic, and due to the frequent psychological changes, is not good at ...

Howard Kaplan’s self-derogation theory of delinquency states; that when adolescents are ridiculed they suffer a loss of self-esteem and their self-worth decreases and then they consequently abandon the motivation to conform. Individuals displaying antisocial behaviour developed in a family exhibiting "deviant behaviour," in an "adverse home environment," can be the root cause of such problems, the child can be grouped with their deviant family and thus labelled deviant by his/her peers resulting in a self fulfilling prophecy. Many that are cited causes of adolescent anti-social behaviour include; abuse, neglect, socioeconomic status, parental antisocial behaviour, etc. On ...

My study is about programs to help identify at-risk youth and help them graduate. Deviant behavior is diverse in United States culture. Social deviance is defined as “Social deviance is a sociological term describing undesirable social behavior. Through the understanding of deviance and how it impacts society, sociologists have developed theories intended to predict, explain and potentially resolve aberrant behavior” (eHow.com, 2012). Part of the predominant cultural United States is the expectation of graduating from high school. When an individual chooses not to complete high school they are participating in cultural diversity by choosing not to be a part of ...

1. Antisocial Personality Disorder can be described as an Axis 2 personality disorder distinctive by possessing a pervasive pattern of violation for, and disregard for the rights of that starts at childhood or adolescence and persists into adulthood

2. Mental health professions include clinical social workers, mental health counselors, psychiatric nurses as well as many other professions. These professions often deal with the same disorders and issues; in spite of this, their field of practice differs.

3. Risk factors are conditions that put children at risks of negative outcomes such as crime. Psychological, parental and social risks acting together ensure ...

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of therapy that identifies and transforms negative emotional reactions, cognitive patterns, and behavioral patterns people manifest in certain situations. CBT is a goal-oriented therapy that focuses on several different factors that influence people and their psychological condition. When it comes to identifying antisocial behaviors that are considered psychological disorders, current research shows that both genetic risk factors and environmental risk factors are equally accountable for the development of psychological disorders (Moffit, 2005). CBT focuses mainly on removing limiting beliefs, learning new behavioral patterns, and building psychological resilience to external risk factors. Because it is a ...

Social control normally encompasses all the cycles of day to day beliefs that are put in place to prevent people from breaking the law. In simple terms this guidelines do not apply to every group in a community equally and tend to be specific to either gender or age. In this case the emphasis is put on historical control of girls in the society. This paper will seek to give an overview of tradition of abuse and discrimination, look into the ways girls are abused and discriminated and connect this to resultant delinquent behavior. In the same note the institutions ...

In any given societal entity, there exist specific societal norms that should be adhered to. Many at times, such societal norms are necessary for the attainment of common good across various societal contexts. Notably, deviance occurs in cases where an individual violates the existing societal norms (Anderson 8). Evidently, societal norms may be enacted formally, whereas others are enacted informally. Worth noting is the fact that various theorists have come up with different hypothesis regarding deviance. Even so, all the theorists view deviance as actions, and feeling, which can violates the values a given society. As such, deviance varies depending ...

Sociological causes of drug use & abuse among college students: An Introduction

The college students, particularly those between the age-group of 18 and 24 are normally registered in colleges and universities. They are at increased risk for involving in risk drinking and other substance use than their non-college peers. These students have a tendency to involve in binge drinking and other drugs than other age-groups, whether or not they are registered in college. Normally, this predisposition arises because of: - Developmental traits of puberty and maturity, consisting of ongoing brain maturity through in the early 20s and the progress towards greater freedom and independence - Social and cultural standards of ...

On 13 December 2012, Robert Parker, a sports columnist and panelist made racially motivated comments about Robert Griffin III; a Washington Redkins rookie quarterback during an ESPN sports panel show. Parker, an African American himself, questioned whether Griffin was a true African American due to some of his characteristics and behaviors; both physical and social, which seemed to be deviant from those of the “conventional” or “typical” black individual. Parker referred to Griffin as a “cornball brother”, something that his fellow panelists had no idea about and that consequently left them bewildered. Parker then went into a lengthy explanation of what he r meant ...

According to William J, both Saints and Rough necks exhibit deviant actions. The study was done in high school where it was established that, from a sample of students who showed instances of delinquency, eight of them were of the Saint category. On the other hand, the roughnecks that were from backgrounds that were believed to be of a low class basis represented the majority number. However, William noted the following deviant acts between the two groups; the saints took way property that belonged to their friends. In this case, their action was devoid the knowledge of the owners. In ...

Introduction

Relationship between drug and crime Drug abuse occurs as a result of maladaptive habits of drug use. It is manifested by recurrent and significant impact associated with repeated intake of the drugs. These problems occur repeatedly during the period of 12 months. The criteria include; harmful impacts of repeated use rather than tolerance and pattern of compulsive use. Drug abuse leads to addiction and drug dependency. The dependency raises the maladaptive pattern of substance abuse, resulting to cluster of behavioral and psychological phenomenon that develops after several drugs intakes. Drug dependency includes a strong urge to take the drug; difficulties in ...

Introduction

Low socioeconomic status (SES) has been considered one of the key determinants of criminal behavior. Family-level SES is usually determined by measuring income, education level, and occupation, but SES is a multilevel concept that applies to both family and community levels (Bradley & Corwyn, 2002). Families with low SES will more likely live in neighborhoods with low community-level SES, which limits the children’s educational opportunities and increases their exposure to violence (Bradley & Corwyn, 2002). Consequently, the children will identify themselves with the community and adopt its patterns of violent behavior. The influence of both family-level and community-level SES is ...

Who are the minority groups and what are the challenges have they been facing currently? Why blacks do commits the highest homicide or crime rate, and even kill among themselves despite the abolishment of slavery and segregation systems? These are some of the questions that I am going to handle in this paper. It is a fact that the minority groups in the past have gone through hard times of their life, whereby they were discriminated by the majority and the elite whites. Some were even killed by whites. But at present, blacks continue to indicate the highest rates of ...

Social; Stratification Aspects and their Application to Nursing Career

The three sociological concepts that influence social stratification are that of gender, racial or ethnic affiliation as well as an individual’s social class. Social stratification based on gender often occurs when people are treated differently based on the fact that they are either male or female. Gender is relevant to nursing as it influences how a nurse will relate to a patient, especially when they are of the opposite sex. It is crucial for nurses to establish boundaries when they are dealing with their clients. I will apply this concept by ensuring that I maintain a professional relationship with a person placed ...

The connection between race and crime in the United States has been an area of scholarly debates and public controversy for a very long time. The debate has centered on the contributing factors and the major causes of disproportional representation of the racial minority groups such as blacks and Hispanics at almost all the stages of the judicial system since 1980s. The defendants from the minority groups were charged and convicted with crimes requiring mandatory minimum prison sentence more habitually hence contributing to the large racial disparities in incarceration. Black disadvantaged groups have faced several injustices in history. The brutal ...

Introduction

The movie Apollo 13 is based on the true account of the unfortunate Apollo mission of NASA. The movie opens with Astronaut Jim Lovell (Tom Hanks) who is enjoying a party to celebrate the success of Apollo 11 lunar mission. The story subsequently revolves to tell the tale of the third mission of landing in the moon which would be led by Astronaut Jim Lovell, Fred Haise (Bill Paxton) lunar module driver and Kevin Bacon as Jack Swivert, who is the command module pilot. The mission is smooth until the crew is threatened due to the explosion of an oxygen ...

Introduction

Recidivism occurs when an individual repeats a bad behavior they have suffered negative consequences before, even after undergoing counseling and training to leave the bad behavior. This behavior is experienced most in former prisoners who get rearrested for the same offence. One suggestion about the possible cause of behavior is failure of the corrective measures to prepare the offenders on how to handle difficulties when they re-enter society.

Restorative justice and recidivism

Restorative justice is the way of approaching justice, which emphasizes on the basic needs of the offenders (Tyler, 2006). It is an approach to justice with an aim of correcting harm caused ...

Sexual deviance comprises of a wide range of abnormal sexual expressions from cross dressing, fetishism, sexual masochism, incest, pedophilia, and rape. On the contrary, sexual deviant behavior can be defined in different contexts. According to sociology, sexual deviance varies from culture to the other depending different cultural beliefs and norms. Sexual deviant behaviors are attributed with discomfort, bizarreness, and inefficiency. Some sexual deviant habits include paraphilia, exhibitionism, fetishism, and masochist among others. Paraphilia individuals have behavior, an urge, or a sexual fantasy that is distressing and repetitive while exhibitionism entails sexual pleasure through exposure of the genitals (Goode, 2010). Fetishism, on ...

- Introduction and Thesis Statement Sociologists believe that both deviance and race are things that have been socially constructed in the society and have been embedded in people’s way of life (Innes, 2003, p.34). Deviance attributes to the actions of one defiling the social norms engrained in the society, which causes one to be marginalized in a given society. Race is also a social construct of the society based on one’s phenotype, which often results to the stereotypes of certain people in the society (Lemelle, 1995, p.56). This paper will discuss how race impacts deviance behavior and sparks a ...

A 21 year old man named Brian Belanger was arrested for the offense of enticing a ten year old child to produce sexually explicit videos of himself and send them to him via email. The man, who hails from Worcester in Massachusetts, is alleged to have met the child online through PlayStation 3 where he told the child that someone was seeking to kill him. He then convinced the child that he could help him by availing to him those videos which he would subsequently turn to another person. It is further alleged that Belanger continued to give directions ...

Abstract

Social control theory obtained popularity across the 1960s which sociologists had different notions about crime. During the period, Travis Hirschi presented forth the innovative control theory rendering. This was a theory based on the existing social control concepts. The intent of this paper is to establish the links between school, family and other social aspects serve as ways of diminishing an individual’s propensity in deviant behavior.

Introduction

The social control theory maintains that crime happens when these bonds encounter weaknesses or lack sufficient establishment. The control theorists are for the fact that without the bonds, crime becomes an inevitable result ( ...

Alexis has gone through a lot of emotional turmoil caused by Anthony’s deviant sexual behavior. The young girl is clearly a victim of pedophile. The emotional changes that are taking place reflect that of a pedophilia victim. Pedophile victims are those who survive actions of people with paraphilia. Pedophile victims go through periods of sexual, physical, and severe emotional abuse that leaves them with wounds that are more severe than physical injury. Anthony inflicted abuse on Alexis that has left her in a situation that she has to struggle to be happy, cope, and lead a happy life. In addition to this being a ...

Sociologists believe that both deviance and race are things that have been socially constructed in the society and have been embedded in people’s way of life (Innes, 2003, p.34). Deviance attributes to the actions of one defiling the social norms engrained in the society, which causes one to be marginalized in a given society. Race is also a social construct of the society based on one’s phenotype, which often results to the stereotypes of certain people in the society (Lemelle, 1995, p.56). This paper will discuss how a given race is treated different in the society based on different acts ...

Description of Substance Abuse in United States

Studies show that approximately 12.8 million US citizens, about 6% of the family unit population aged 12 and above, consume illegal drugs on a regular basis (Rees & Wilborn, 2013, p. 12). This figure of drug users has decreased by about 50% from the year 1979 high of 25 million, a decline, which represents an extraordinary behavioral change. In spite of the drop, over a third of US citizens, twelve years and above, have attempted an illicit drug (Wish, 2012). Research indicates that 90% of illegal drug users use hashish or marijuana. About a third consumes cocaine or takes a prescription drug for nonmedical purposes. ...

Introduction

Emile Durkheim shared a number of views on what he considered being the nature of humans and its overall effect in the society. The purpose of this essay is to bring out the ethical issues that arise from the character of humans and how they eventually affect the society as a whole. In order to identify this I will first identify the nature of humans according to Durkheim. I will then show the effect they have on the society and eventually analyze the contribution of his work in general. Durkheim gave a number of views about human nature such as them having ...

[Institution Title] The different social structure theories perceives that societal, financial, and social arrangements or social structures are among the prime cause of deviant and criminal behaviors. Given this effect, it has been significantly noted that because of this society is placed at the mercy of it these institutions to help preserve order and help protect the integrity of man’s basic human rights. Many believed that crimes had only been conceptualized when the world began embracing “order” and started formulating social institutions in the likes of government and trade. While these institutions are believed to be the ...

Introduction

Parenting is probably one of the most interesting, yet challenging experiences for most parents. While most parents are excited when welcoming their newborns in the world, they are also worried about the growth and development of their children. Their biggest challenge and worry is the upbringing of the children to ensure they become the best in the world. On that light, different parents utilize varying methods of parenting. The most common types of parenting the parents apply are authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved. Authoritarian parenting is one where parents expect their children to follow the rules they set without ...

Presentation Summary: Adolescence Criminal Justice Group Project

Santrock (466) has noted that adolescents normally endure four major problems as they emerge into adulthood: juvenile delinquency, drug abuse, sexual problems and school related problems. Studies have also shown that during this stage the teenagers are very much susceptible to outside pressures and influences which cause them to have less control of their decisions and actions. The situation is much prevalent on adolescents from poor social economic background, especially among those that cannot benefit from juvenile rights and empowerment programs. The programs are helpful in making them to cope up with their risky situations of trauma, stigma and ...

Hate Crimes: Definitions and Introduction

A “hate crime” are “criminal actions intended to harm or intimidate people because of their race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion or other minority group status,” as listed in the works of Herek (1989) and Levin and McDevitt (1993). In the 1990s, the issue of hate crimes, or “bias crimes,” has generated rising attention from activists, policy makers, and social analysts. Much of the amplified concern has displayed an inference in that all criminal activities have adverse impacts for the victim, bias crimes must be considered as a unique case owing to their heightened effects on the victim of the crime ...

The Meaning of Anomie

The term anomie is a concept developed in the field of sociology to apply to a condition where there is a breakdown of social norms and regulation in society. Anomie, or the absence of norms as expounded by the sociologist Emile Durkheim, prevails when individuals are left without moral guidance and society has little influence to compel individuals to follow rules and norms (Education Portal). There is then a disconnect between individuals and the collective society. Anomie theory is therefore seen as explaining deviance in society. The rise of crime can then be considered in this light. Anomie theory has influenced sociological thought ...

Analysis on “To Die In Mexico”

The war on drugs, as it has developed in Mexico, where supplies to fill a US demand, have led to extreme loss of life, parallel power systems, government corruption, extreme costs to taxpayers and a variety of social woes. Regardless of the argument for or against legalization, or the effects of the controlling cocaine and marijuana has led to numerous undesired consequences. As John Gibler argues in his book To Die in Mexico, the message the governments of both Mexico and the US tell to the general public regarding the justification for the war on drugs, are false and designed to ...

Introduction:

Criminological theories attempt to define crime and shed light on the criminal justice system. Moreover, the theories further shed light into the intrinsic nature of the crime and its offender, and thus enhancing the rationale in devising the preventive measures (Tibet & Craig 107). Theories envelop the making and the contravention of the law, criminal and deviant conduct, and criminal activity patterns. The principal sociological crime theories consider the immediate social environment, such as the family unit, local community, peer groups, and learning institutions. The theories explain why some individuals have higher inclination to crime unlike others (Black 89). ...

Social learning theory came about during the late 1800s. William James’ and Dollard and Miller research in 1941 formed the foundation for the 1963 development of the theory and concepts by Bandura. Researchers note that Bandura was the first theorist to apply the social learning theory to education. However, in 1983, Bandura renamed the theory as Social Cognitive Theory. Additionally, Bandura detached his theory from the behaviorists’ theory because he did not believe that the environment had any influence on the theory. Over the years, Bandura conducted numerous studies, but the most popular of these studies included young children ...

Application of Social Theories to Deviance

Introduction Deviance is usually defined as a behaviors by an individual that does not confine to the accepted cultural and social norms in the society. There are many types of deviant behavior in the society with each having its unique brand of characteristics. However, it is crucial to note that deviant behavior is interpreted differently across different cultural and social settings. Different social and cultural settings have different values and norms which they define as acceptable. A norm may be acceptable in one society while in another society, this norm may be widely abhorred and totally unacceptable in another ...

Deviance directly relates to the norms of the society. For sociologists that study crime and deviance, cultural norms are examined thoroughly on how they change with time, their enforcement and what suffices when those norms are broken. When formally written laws governing the society are broken, this amounts to a crime (Burke). In this case, if a crime is committed, the perpetrator will be detained and prosecuted. Deviance, on the other hand, refers to a situation where one goes against the prevailing norms of the society. Deviant people are more often ridiculed or send away from the society. Such kind of behavior ...

Excessive alcohol consumption of alcohol is currently a public issue around the globe. The alcohol abuse accounts close to 7 percent in the developed nations. Alcohol is the causal of 50 medical conditions that result in long-term health issues (Hassan & Shiu, 2007). Alcohol consumption is most prevalent on the young adult population. Many students account for risky drinking behavior. Different journal issues generate interest on issues concerning binge drinking among the students. The facts and statistics question on the best way to educate the young people especially students to ensure they are within safe drinking limits. This paper will investigate ...

Human beings have always been social creatures. Often, religious organizations represent the fundamental level at which a society operates and instills the values of that society in its members. As Girard noted, religious ritual and sacrifice has played an important role in the prevention of violence in all human societies, both prehistoric and contemporary (45). In the discussion of human culture throughout history, there has always been a marked difference between the social norms that highly religious, rural societies adopt and those of more secular, urban societies. While urban societies are noted for their ability to produce technological progress and ...

The recent past has seen a keen attention given to street gangs with criminal justice officials and scholars striving to comprehend and counteract the results of gang membership. To explain why youths join street gangs Terrence P. Thornberry developed the Interactional theory in 1987. The interactional theory proposes that youths join gang streets due to the reciprocity of the relationship between the youth and the peer groups, social structures ( such as poor neighborhood, family and school environments) and weakened social bonds foster and solidify delinquency. This theory emphasizes that deviant behavior is encouraged by a weak bond in society(Thornberry, 1987). ...

Introduction

The film, The Hunger Games is a trilogy that tells a story of unending oppression, exploitation and injustice in the society. In the plot, there are twelve districts that are ruled by the capitol, and they are destitute, most of the inhabitants die as a result of starvation. The trilogy Hunger Games is set at some time in the future, and this story takes place in Panem. The setting consists of a capitol and twelve other districts though they were initially thirteen which were and ruled by the capitol.The Social Justice Issues Social injustice manifestation occurs in relation to poverty. Evidently, there ...

It is a mere fact that the world has been on its way to generally accept the presence of the third sexes with no further discrimination or any other form of isolation. It has come to a point that most countries are being liberated while few remain conservatives. With that, it is recognizable how most of the countries and states in this world have been adapting to the changes in our environment including the existence of the homosexuals. The word homosexual is first used in 1892 as per the records of Merriam Webster Dictionary. Meaning, there have been tendencies that ...

There are a lot of different things influencing our worldview and mind: economical, political, cultural, technological and social changes, urbanization and mass media. These factors can vary depending on the social status, country, environment in which the one lives. The influence is more significant if we speak about adolescents, as in this age the personality is being formed and is easily influenced by the world around. The relationship of adolescents with their families, peers and social sphere members are very important for their life and development. Adolescence is the period when young people can be significantly influenced by others. ...

Introduction

Pragmatically, the deviant behaviour of white-collar criminals provides students of sociology a different exploration of how human nature works in clandestine operations in plain view. Society, at least superficially does not suspect a so-called white-collar individual of criminal behaviour in general, as stereotypes tend to lead people’s thoughts in the direction one way or another. While, the dishevelled, unkempt, anti-social “looking” individual exists as suspect of deviant behaviour by his/her mere appearance including labelled as a criminal in some regards, the white collar individual stands in society appearance wise as an upstanding citizen (Goode 2008).

Historically, the concept of white collar is not so new:

Edwin Sutherland created the concept of ...

Introduction

While many certainly agree that white collar crime presents serious legal issues the sociological implications, regarding deviant behavior, is not always obvious. No discussion inspires a proper balance for analysis without a relevant definition of our terms. According to a ‘Sociology’ glossary, published by the McGraw-Hill Higher Education (2014) group deviance is defined as “Behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society.” The same glossary defines the concept or theory ‘anomie’ as a Durkheim term for “the loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective” (“Sociology Glossary,” 2014). In an effort ...

Introduction

Crime has been an ever-present feature in the society. Every society has had some deviant individuals who have chosen to engage in this behavior. Throughout the years, the society has come up with various measures that punish those who engage in criminal behavior. The punitive measures have become progressively severe with the hope that criminals who witness the massive punishment that awaits them should they be involved in criminal activities will be deterred from committing crime. The presence of strict and severe punitive measures has to a significantly helped in the deterrence of criminal activities in the society. However, in ...